842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 158

HISTORY OF MUSIC

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 258

Music

bull Musical works and their composers are usuallydescribed as belonging to a specific era

bull These terms serve as a sort of shorthand to

tell us that the music shares aspects of stylewith other pieces written at roughly the sametime

bull

These eras of music however relate to morethan just the sounds of the pieces Theyreflect broad changes in society and culture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 358

Antiquity Medieval Period

(450 ndash 1450)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 458

Historical Themes

bull The Spread of Christianity

The Christian religion began as an

underground sect of messianic Judaism in the

first century CE

bull Its practitioners were first persecuted then

tolerated finally Christianity was accepted as

the official religion of the Roman Empire

bull After the fall of the Western Empire it

emerged as the central unifying force in

medieval Europe

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 558

bull The development of a European

culture

bull After the fall of the Roman Empire

in the fifth century the former

Roman lands were ruled byvarious barbarian lords

bull These lands were eventually

united by the Frankish kings

culminating in the crowning of

Charlemagne (742-814) as Holy

Roman Emperor

Historical Themes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 658

Historical Themes

bull The influence of Islamic culture

bull As the followers of the prophet Mohammed(570-632) expanded their territory through the

Middle East and the Mediterranean they

preserved and built on the knowledge of the

ancient Greeks and Romans

bull Through conflict (the Crusades) and coexistence

(the multicultural Iberian Peninsula) Europe

gained much from its contacts with this richculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 758

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Music of the Church

bull Music was an integral part of Christian

worship The daily liturgy provided

innumerable texts all set to music in the style

we call Gregorian chant

bull The church served as an important patron of

the arts specifically of music

bull Throughout the period the majority of

composers were associated with and

supported by the church

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 858

Musical Context

bull Saint Gregory is creditedwith organizing the hugerepertory of chant thatdeveloped during the first

centuries of the Christianchurch hence the termGregorian chant Hewas pope from 590 to 604and the Medieval era

continued into the 1400sso this period consists of almost a millenniumsworth of music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 958

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Beginning of Musical Notation

bull As in many non-Western cultures music in early medievalEurope did not have a system of notation It was not untilperhaps the ninth century that a basic system of notation

was developedbull Notating music was a difficult and time-consuming process

It was only in the cathedrals and monasteries that suchwork could be done on a regular basis

bull Therefore nearly all the music preserved (until the twelfth

century) was written for the churchbull The advent of notation also produced a markedly stable

body of music one of the features of Western musicalculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1058

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Birth of Polyphony

bull Music that has two or more independent melodies woven together

Descriptions of polyphonic singing date back to the ninth century butthe practice actually began earlier in improvised performances

bull Polyphony is a distinctive feature of Western music Its developmentbecame the primary focus for composers from the thirteenth centuryon

bull Complex polyphony demanded specialized training for composers

bull The composition of plainchant was primarily an activity of themonastery and convent but by the fourteenth century composerswere more often members of the university-trained elite of the church

bull This change explains in part the lack of female composers of

polyphony

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1158

Musical Styles

bull Plainchant Plainsong

- the only type of music allowed in Christian

churches

- music = individuals = spirituality reflection

- music that consists of only one melodic line

without accompaniment -gt monophonic

- No actual composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1258

Musical Stylesbull

Polyphonic- music where two or more melodic lines are heardsimultaneously did not exist (or was not notated) until the11th century

- Unlike chant polyphony required the participation of acomposer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasingmanner

- Although most Medieval polyphonic music is anonymous--the names of the composers were either lost or never

written down at all--there are composers whose work wasso important that their names were preserved along withtheir music

MUSIC MEDIEVAL GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT

Hildegard Von Bingen Heavenly Revelations

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 258

Music

bull Musical works and their composers are usuallydescribed as belonging to a specific era

bull These terms serve as a sort of shorthand to

tell us that the music shares aspects of stylewith other pieces written at roughly the sametime

bull

These eras of music however relate to morethan just the sounds of the pieces Theyreflect broad changes in society and culture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 358

Antiquity Medieval Period

(450 ndash 1450)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 458

Historical Themes

bull The Spread of Christianity

The Christian religion began as an

underground sect of messianic Judaism in the

first century CE

bull Its practitioners were first persecuted then

tolerated finally Christianity was accepted as

the official religion of the Roman Empire

bull After the fall of the Western Empire it

emerged as the central unifying force in

medieval Europe

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 558

bull The development of a European

culture

bull After the fall of the Roman Empire

in the fifth century the former

Roman lands were ruled byvarious barbarian lords

bull These lands were eventually

united by the Frankish kings

culminating in the crowning of

Charlemagne (742-814) as Holy

Roman Emperor

Historical Themes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 658

Historical Themes

bull The influence of Islamic culture

bull As the followers of the prophet Mohammed(570-632) expanded their territory through the

Middle East and the Mediterranean they

preserved and built on the knowledge of the

ancient Greeks and Romans

bull Through conflict (the Crusades) and coexistence

(the multicultural Iberian Peninsula) Europe

gained much from its contacts with this richculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 758

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Music of the Church

bull Music was an integral part of Christian

worship The daily liturgy provided

innumerable texts all set to music in the style

we call Gregorian chant

bull The church served as an important patron of

the arts specifically of music

bull Throughout the period the majority of

composers were associated with and

supported by the church

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 858

Musical Context

bull Saint Gregory is creditedwith organizing the hugerepertory of chant thatdeveloped during the first

centuries of the Christianchurch hence the termGregorian chant Hewas pope from 590 to 604and the Medieval era

continued into the 1400sso this period consists of almost a millenniumsworth of music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 958

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Beginning of Musical Notation

bull As in many non-Western cultures music in early medievalEurope did not have a system of notation It was not untilperhaps the ninth century that a basic system of notation

was developedbull Notating music was a difficult and time-consuming process

It was only in the cathedrals and monasteries that suchwork could be done on a regular basis

bull Therefore nearly all the music preserved (until the twelfth

century) was written for the churchbull The advent of notation also produced a markedly stable

body of music one of the features of Western musicalculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1058

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Birth of Polyphony

bull Music that has two or more independent melodies woven together

Descriptions of polyphonic singing date back to the ninth century butthe practice actually began earlier in improvised performances

bull Polyphony is a distinctive feature of Western music Its developmentbecame the primary focus for composers from the thirteenth centuryon

bull Complex polyphony demanded specialized training for composers

bull The composition of plainchant was primarily an activity of themonastery and convent but by the fourteenth century composerswere more often members of the university-trained elite of the church

bull This change explains in part the lack of female composers of

polyphony

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1158

Musical Styles

bull Plainchant Plainsong

- the only type of music allowed in Christian

churches

- music = individuals = spirituality reflection

- music that consists of only one melodic line

without accompaniment -gt monophonic

- No actual composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1258

Musical Stylesbull

Polyphonic- music where two or more melodic lines are heardsimultaneously did not exist (or was not notated) until the11th century

- Unlike chant polyphony required the participation of acomposer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasingmanner

- Although most Medieval polyphonic music is anonymous--the names of the composers were either lost or never

written down at all--there are composers whose work wasso important that their names were preserved along withtheir music

MUSIC MEDIEVAL GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT

Hildegard Von Bingen Heavenly Revelations

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 358

Antiquity Medieval Period

(450 ndash 1450)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 458

Historical Themes

bull The Spread of Christianity

The Christian religion began as an

underground sect of messianic Judaism in the

first century CE

bull Its practitioners were first persecuted then

tolerated finally Christianity was accepted as

the official religion of the Roman Empire

bull After the fall of the Western Empire it

emerged as the central unifying force in

medieval Europe

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 558

bull The development of a European

culture

bull After the fall of the Roman Empire

in the fifth century the former

Roman lands were ruled byvarious barbarian lords

bull These lands were eventually

united by the Frankish kings

culminating in the crowning of

Charlemagne (742-814) as Holy

Roman Emperor

Historical Themes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 658

Historical Themes

bull The influence of Islamic culture

bull As the followers of the prophet Mohammed(570-632) expanded their territory through the

Middle East and the Mediterranean they

preserved and built on the knowledge of the

ancient Greeks and Romans

bull Through conflict (the Crusades) and coexistence

(the multicultural Iberian Peninsula) Europe

gained much from its contacts with this richculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 758

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Music of the Church

bull Music was an integral part of Christian

worship The daily liturgy provided

innumerable texts all set to music in the style

we call Gregorian chant

bull The church served as an important patron of

the arts specifically of music

bull Throughout the period the majority of

composers were associated with and

supported by the church

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 858

Musical Context

bull Saint Gregory is creditedwith organizing the hugerepertory of chant thatdeveloped during the first

centuries of the Christianchurch hence the termGregorian chant Hewas pope from 590 to 604and the Medieval era

continued into the 1400sso this period consists of almost a millenniumsworth of music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 958

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Beginning of Musical Notation

bull As in many non-Western cultures music in early medievalEurope did not have a system of notation It was not untilperhaps the ninth century that a basic system of notation

was developedbull Notating music was a difficult and time-consuming process

It was only in the cathedrals and monasteries that suchwork could be done on a regular basis

bull Therefore nearly all the music preserved (until the twelfth

century) was written for the churchbull The advent of notation also produced a markedly stable

body of music one of the features of Western musicalculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1058

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Birth of Polyphony

bull Music that has two or more independent melodies woven together

Descriptions of polyphonic singing date back to the ninth century butthe practice actually began earlier in improvised performances

bull Polyphony is a distinctive feature of Western music Its developmentbecame the primary focus for composers from the thirteenth centuryon

bull Complex polyphony demanded specialized training for composers

bull The composition of plainchant was primarily an activity of themonastery and convent but by the fourteenth century composerswere more often members of the university-trained elite of the church

bull This change explains in part the lack of female composers of

polyphony

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1158

Musical Styles

bull Plainchant Plainsong

- the only type of music allowed in Christian

churches

- music = individuals = spirituality reflection

- music that consists of only one melodic line

without accompaniment -gt monophonic

- No actual composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1258

Musical Stylesbull

Polyphonic- music where two or more melodic lines are heardsimultaneously did not exist (or was not notated) until the11th century

- Unlike chant polyphony required the participation of acomposer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasingmanner

- Although most Medieval polyphonic music is anonymous--the names of the composers were either lost or never

written down at all--there are composers whose work wasso important that their names were preserved along withtheir music

MUSIC MEDIEVAL GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT

Hildegard Von Bingen Heavenly Revelations

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 458

Historical Themes

bull The Spread of Christianity

The Christian religion began as an

underground sect of messianic Judaism in the

first century CE

bull Its practitioners were first persecuted then

tolerated finally Christianity was accepted as

the official religion of the Roman Empire

bull After the fall of the Western Empire it

emerged as the central unifying force in

medieval Europe

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 558

bull The development of a European

culture

bull After the fall of the Roman Empire

in the fifth century the former

Roman lands were ruled byvarious barbarian lords

bull These lands were eventually

united by the Frankish kings

culminating in the crowning of

Charlemagne (742-814) as Holy

Roman Emperor

Historical Themes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 658

Historical Themes

bull The influence of Islamic culture

bull As the followers of the prophet Mohammed(570-632) expanded their territory through the

Middle East and the Mediterranean they

preserved and built on the knowledge of the

ancient Greeks and Romans

bull Through conflict (the Crusades) and coexistence

(the multicultural Iberian Peninsula) Europe

gained much from its contacts with this richculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 758

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Music of the Church

bull Music was an integral part of Christian

worship The daily liturgy provided

innumerable texts all set to music in the style

we call Gregorian chant

bull The church served as an important patron of

the arts specifically of music

bull Throughout the period the majority of

composers were associated with and

supported by the church

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 858

Musical Context

bull Saint Gregory is creditedwith organizing the hugerepertory of chant thatdeveloped during the first

centuries of the Christianchurch hence the termGregorian chant Hewas pope from 590 to 604and the Medieval era

continued into the 1400sso this period consists of almost a millenniumsworth of music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 958

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Beginning of Musical Notation

bull As in many non-Western cultures music in early medievalEurope did not have a system of notation It was not untilperhaps the ninth century that a basic system of notation

was developedbull Notating music was a difficult and time-consuming process

It was only in the cathedrals and monasteries that suchwork could be done on a regular basis

bull Therefore nearly all the music preserved (until the twelfth

century) was written for the churchbull The advent of notation also produced a markedly stable

body of music one of the features of Western musicalculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1058

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Birth of Polyphony

bull Music that has two or more independent melodies woven together

Descriptions of polyphonic singing date back to the ninth century butthe practice actually began earlier in improvised performances

bull Polyphony is a distinctive feature of Western music Its developmentbecame the primary focus for composers from the thirteenth centuryon

bull Complex polyphony demanded specialized training for composers

bull The composition of plainchant was primarily an activity of themonastery and convent but by the fourteenth century composerswere more often members of the university-trained elite of the church

bull This change explains in part the lack of female composers of

polyphony

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1158

Musical Styles

bull Plainchant Plainsong

- the only type of music allowed in Christian

churches

- music = individuals = spirituality reflection

- music that consists of only one melodic line

without accompaniment -gt monophonic

- No actual composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1258

Musical Stylesbull

Polyphonic- music where two or more melodic lines are heardsimultaneously did not exist (or was not notated) until the11th century

- Unlike chant polyphony required the participation of acomposer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasingmanner

- Although most Medieval polyphonic music is anonymous--the names of the composers were either lost or never

written down at all--there are composers whose work wasso important that their names were preserved along withtheir music

MUSIC MEDIEVAL GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT

Hildegard Von Bingen Heavenly Revelations

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 558

bull The development of a European

culture

bull After the fall of the Roman Empire

in the fifth century the former

Roman lands were ruled byvarious barbarian lords

bull These lands were eventually

united by the Frankish kings

culminating in the crowning of

Charlemagne (742-814) as Holy

Roman Emperor

Historical Themes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 658

Historical Themes

bull The influence of Islamic culture

bull As the followers of the prophet Mohammed(570-632) expanded their territory through the

Middle East and the Mediterranean they

preserved and built on the knowledge of the

ancient Greeks and Romans

bull Through conflict (the Crusades) and coexistence

(the multicultural Iberian Peninsula) Europe

gained much from its contacts with this richculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 758

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Music of the Church

bull Music was an integral part of Christian

worship The daily liturgy provided

innumerable texts all set to music in the style

we call Gregorian chant

bull The church served as an important patron of

the arts specifically of music

bull Throughout the period the majority of

composers were associated with and

supported by the church

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 858

Musical Context

bull Saint Gregory is creditedwith organizing the hugerepertory of chant thatdeveloped during the first

centuries of the Christianchurch hence the termGregorian chant Hewas pope from 590 to 604and the Medieval era

continued into the 1400sso this period consists of almost a millenniumsworth of music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 958

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Beginning of Musical Notation

bull As in many non-Western cultures music in early medievalEurope did not have a system of notation It was not untilperhaps the ninth century that a basic system of notation

was developedbull Notating music was a difficult and time-consuming process

It was only in the cathedrals and monasteries that suchwork could be done on a regular basis

bull Therefore nearly all the music preserved (until the twelfth

century) was written for the churchbull The advent of notation also produced a markedly stable

body of music one of the features of Western musicalculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1058

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Birth of Polyphony

bull Music that has two or more independent melodies woven together

Descriptions of polyphonic singing date back to the ninth century butthe practice actually began earlier in improvised performances

bull Polyphony is a distinctive feature of Western music Its developmentbecame the primary focus for composers from the thirteenth centuryon

bull Complex polyphony demanded specialized training for composers

bull The composition of plainchant was primarily an activity of themonastery and convent but by the fourteenth century composerswere more often members of the university-trained elite of the church

bull This change explains in part the lack of female composers of

polyphony

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1158

Musical Styles

bull Plainchant Plainsong

- the only type of music allowed in Christian

churches

- music = individuals = spirituality reflection

- music that consists of only one melodic line

without accompaniment -gt monophonic

- No actual composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1258

Musical Stylesbull

Polyphonic- music where two or more melodic lines are heardsimultaneously did not exist (or was not notated) until the11th century

- Unlike chant polyphony required the participation of acomposer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasingmanner

- Although most Medieval polyphonic music is anonymous--the names of the composers were either lost or never

written down at all--there are composers whose work wasso important that their names were preserved along withtheir music

MUSIC MEDIEVAL GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT

Hildegard Von Bingen Heavenly Revelations

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 658

Historical Themes

bull The influence of Islamic culture

bull As the followers of the prophet Mohammed(570-632) expanded their territory through the

Middle East and the Mediterranean they

preserved and built on the knowledge of the

ancient Greeks and Romans

bull Through conflict (the Crusades) and coexistence

(the multicultural Iberian Peninsula) Europe

gained much from its contacts with this richculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 758

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Music of the Church

bull Music was an integral part of Christian

worship The daily liturgy provided

innumerable texts all set to music in the style

we call Gregorian chant

bull The church served as an important patron of

the arts specifically of music

bull Throughout the period the majority of

composers were associated with and

supported by the church

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 858

Musical Context

bull Saint Gregory is creditedwith organizing the hugerepertory of chant thatdeveloped during the first

centuries of the Christianchurch hence the termGregorian chant Hewas pope from 590 to 604and the Medieval era

continued into the 1400sso this period consists of almost a millenniumsworth of music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 958

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Beginning of Musical Notation

bull As in many non-Western cultures music in early medievalEurope did not have a system of notation It was not untilperhaps the ninth century that a basic system of notation

was developedbull Notating music was a difficult and time-consuming process

It was only in the cathedrals and monasteries that suchwork could be done on a regular basis

bull Therefore nearly all the music preserved (until the twelfth

century) was written for the churchbull The advent of notation also produced a markedly stable

body of music one of the features of Western musicalculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1058

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Birth of Polyphony

bull Music that has two or more independent melodies woven together

Descriptions of polyphonic singing date back to the ninth century butthe practice actually began earlier in improvised performances

bull Polyphony is a distinctive feature of Western music Its developmentbecame the primary focus for composers from the thirteenth centuryon

bull Complex polyphony demanded specialized training for composers

bull The composition of plainchant was primarily an activity of themonastery and convent but by the fourteenth century composerswere more often members of the university-trained elite of the church

bull This change explains in part the lack of female composers of

polyphony

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1158

Musical Styles

bull Plainchant Plainsong

- the only type of music allowed in Christian

churches

- music = individuals = spirituality reflection

- music that consists of only one melodic line

without accompaniment -gt monophonic

- No actual composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1258

Musical Stylesbull

Polyphonic- music where two or more melodic lines are heardsimultaneously did not exist (or was not notated) until the11th century

- Unlike chant polyphony required the participation of acomposer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasingmanner

- Although most Medieval polyphonic music is anonymous--the names of the composers were either lost or never

written down at all--there are composers whose work wasso important that their names were preserved along withtheir music

MUSIC MEDIEVAL GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT

Hildegard Von Bingen Heavenly Revelations

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 758

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Music of the Church

bull Music was an integral part of Christian

worship The daily liturgy provided

innumerable texts all set to music in the style

we call Gregorian chant

bull The church served as an important patron of

the arts specifically of music

bull Throughout the period the majority of

composers were associated with and

supported by the church

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 858

Musical Context

bull Saint Gregory is creditedwith organizing the hugerepertory of chant thatdeveloped during the first

centuries of the Christianchurch hence the termGregorian chant Hewas pope from 590 to 604and the Medieval era

continued into the 1400sso this period consists of almost a millenniumsworth of music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 958

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Beginning of Musical Notation

bull As in many non-Western cultures music in early medievalEurope did not have a system of notation It was not untilperhaps the ninth century that a basic system of notation

was developedbull Notating music was a difficult and time-consuming process

It was only in the cathedrals and monasteries that suchwork could be done on a regular basis

bull Therefore nearly all the music preserved (until the twelfth

century) was written for the churchbull The advent of notation also produced a markedly stable

body of music one of the features of Western musicalculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1058

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Birth of Polyphony

bull Music that has two or more independent melodies woven together

Descriptions of polyphonic singing date back to the ninth century butthe practice actually began earlier in improvised performances

bull Polyphony is a distinctive feature of Western music Its developmentbecame the primary focus for composers from the thirteenth centuryon

bull Complex polyphony demanded specialized training for composers

bull The composition of plainchant was primarily an activity of themonastery and convent but by the fourteenth century composerswere more often members of the university-trained elite of the church

bull This change explains in part the lack of female composers of

polyphony

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1158

Musical Styles

bull Plainchant Plainsong

- the only type of music allowed in Christian

churches

- music = individuals = spirituality reflection

- music that consists of only one melodic line

without accompaniment -gt monophonic

- No actual composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1258

Musical Stylesbull

Polyphonic- music where two or more melodic lines are heardsimultaneously did not exist (or was not notated) until the11th century

- Unlike chant polyphony required the participation of acomposer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasingmanner

- Although most Medieval polyphonic music is anonymous--the names of the composers were either lost or never

written down at all--there are composers whose work wasso important that their names were preserved along withtheir music

MUSIC MEDIEVAL GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT

Hildegard Von Bingen Heavenly Revelations

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 858

Musical Context

bull Saint Gregory is creditedwith organizing the hugerepertory of chant thatdeveloped during the first

centuries of the Christianchurch hence the termGregorian chant Hewas pope from 590 to 604and the Medieval era

continued into the 1400sso this period consists of almost a millenniumsworth of music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 958

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Beginning of Musical Notation

bull As in many non-Western cultures music in early medievalEurope did not have a system of notation It was not untilperhaps the ninth century that a basic system of notation

was developedbull Notating music was a difficult and time-consuming process

It was only in the cathedrals and monasteries that suchwork could be done on a regular basis

bull Therefore nearly all the music preserved (until the twelfth

century) was written for the churchbull The advent of notation also produced a markedly stable

body of music one of the features of Western musicalculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1058

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Birth of Polyphony

bull Music that has two or more independent melodies woven together

Descriptions of polyphonic singing date back to the ninth century butthe practice actually began earlier in improvised performances

bull Polyphony is a distinctive feature of Western music Its developmentbecame the primary focus for composers from the thirteenth centuryon

bull Complex polyphony demanded specialized training for composers

bull The composition of plainchant was primarily an activity of themonastery and convent but by the fourteenth century composerswere more often members of the university-trained elite of the church

bull This change explains in part the lack of female composers of

polyphony

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1158

Musical Styles

bull Plainchant Plainsong

- the only type of music allowed in Christian

churches

- music = individuals = spirituality reflection

- music that consists of only one melodic line

without accompaniment -gt monophonic

- No actual composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1258

Musical Stylesbull

Polyphonic- music where two or more melodic lines are heardsimultaneously did not exist (or was not notated) until the11th century

- Unlike chant polyphony required the participation of acomposer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasingmanner

- Although most Medieval polyphonic music is anonymous--the names of the composers were either lost or never

written down at all--there are composers whose work wasso important that their names were preserved along withtheir music

MUSIC MEDIEVAL GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT

Hildegard Von Bingen Heavenly Revelations

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 958

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Beginning of Musical Notation

bull As in many non-Western cultures music in early medievalEurope did not have a system of notation It was not untilperhaps the ninth century that a basic system of notation

was developedbull Notating music was a difficult and time-consuming process

It was only in the cathedrals and monasteries that suchwork could be done on a regular basis

bull Therefore nearly all the music preserved (until the twelfth

century) was written for the churchbull The advent of notation also produced a markedly stable

body of music one of the features of Western musicalculture

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1058

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Birth of Polyphony

bull Music that has two or more independent melodies woven together

Descriptions of polyphonic singing date back to the ninth century butthe practice actually began earlier in improvised performances

bull Polyphony is a distinctive feature of Western music Its developmentbecame the primary focus for composers from the thirteenth centuryon

bull Complex polyphony demanded specialized training for composers

bull The composition of plainchant was primarily an activity of themonastery and convent but by the fourteenth century composerswere more often members of the university-trained elite of the church

bull This change explains in part the lack of female composers of

polyphony

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1158

Musical Styles

bull Plainchant Plainsong

- the only type of music allowed in Christian

churches

- music = individuals = spirituality reflection

- music that consists of only one melodic line

without accompaniment -gt monophonic

- No actual composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1258

Musical Stylesbull

Polyphonic- music where two or more melodic lines are heardsimultaneously did not exist (or was not notated) until the11th century

- Unlike chant polyphony required the participation of acomposer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasingmanner

- Although most Medieval polyphonic music is anonymous--the names of the composers were either lost or never

written down at all--there are composers whose work wasso important that their names were preserved along withtheir music

MUSIC MEDIEVAL GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT

Hildegard Von Bingen Heavenly Revelations

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1058

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Birth of Polyphony

bull Music that has two or more independent melodies woven together

Descriptions of polyphonic singing date back to the ninth century butthe practice actually began earlier in improvised performances

bull Polyphony is a distinctive feature of Western music Its developmentbecame the primary focus for composers from the thirteenth centuryon

bull Complex polyphony demanded specialized training for composers

bull The composition of plainchant was primarily an activity of themonastery and convent but by the fourteenth century composerswere more often members of the university-trained elite of the church

bull This change explains in part the lack of female composers of

polyphony

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1158

Musical Styles

bull Plainchant Plainsong

- the only type of music allowed in Christian

churches

- music = individuals = spirituality reflection

- music that consists of only one melodic line

without accompaniment -gt monophonic

- No actual composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1258

Musical Stylesbull

Polyphonic- music where two or more melodic lines are heardsimultaneously did not exist (or was not notated) until the11th century

- Unlike chant polyphony required the participation of acomposer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasingmanner

- Although most Medieval polyphonic music is anonymous--the names of the composers were either lost or never

written down at all--there are composers whose work wasso important that their names were preserved along withtheir music

MUSIC MEDIEVAL GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT

Hildegard Von Bingen Heavenly Revelations

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1158

Musical Styles

bull Plainchant Plainsong

- the only type of music allowed in Christian

churches

- music = individuals = spirituality reflection

- music that consists of only one melodic line

without accompaniment -gt monophonic

- No actual composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1258

Musical Stylesbull

Polyphonic- music where two or more melodic lines are heardsimultaneously did not exist (or was not notated) until the11th century

- Unlike chant polyphony required the participation of acomposer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasingmanner

- Although most Medieval polyphonic music is anonymous--the names of the composers were either lost or never

written down at all--there are composers whose work wasso important that their names were preserved along withtheir music

MUSIC MEDIEVAL GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT

Hildegard Von Bingen Heavenly Revelations

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1258

Musical Stylesbull

Polyphonic- music where two or more melodic lines are heardsimultaneously did not exist (or was not notated) until the11th century

- Unlike chant polyphony required the participation of acomposer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasingmanner

- Although most Medieval polyphonic music is anonymous--the names of the composers were either lost or never

written down at all--there are composers whose work wasso important that their names were preserved along withtheir music

MUSIC MEDIEVAL GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT

Hildegard Von Bingen Heavenly Revelations

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1358

Musical Styles

bull The rise of Secular Music ndash 14th century composers

began to create music

with non-religiousthemes

ndash Freer forms

ndash Guillaume de Mauchaut

who wrote both sacredand secular music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1458

Composers

-Pope Gregory - Gregorian Chants

-Saint Augustine

-Boethius- Important Theorist

-Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179)-Perotin (c 1155-1377)

-Guillaume de Machaut (c 1300-1377)

-John Dunstable (c 1385-1453)-Guillaume Dufay (c 1400-1474)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1558

RENAISSANCE

(1450 ndash 1600)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1658

HISTORICAL THEMES bull

A rebirth of Classical learning The rediscovery and re-evaluation of writings of the ancient Greeks andRomans suggested a rebirth Nineteenth-century historians seized onthe idea to create our present image of The Renaissance

bull The gradual change from the feudal system to the modern state

Starting in northern Italy the hierarchical state -- led by either the urbanbourgeoisie or despotic nobles -- replaced the fluid and often chaoticfeudal system of the Middle Ages For this reason some historians refer tothe Renaissance as the Early Modern Era

bull A change in the views of the earth and the cosmos

Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) and Ferdinand Magellan (c1480-1521) expanded Europes view of the world The astronomical studies of Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) -- later championed by Galileo Galilei(1564-1642) -- called into question the old earth-centered view of theuniverse

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1758

MUSICAL CONTEXT bull

Increased Interest in Humanist Learning The arts became an important measure of learning andculture

bull Music moved from the science of number to anexpressive art viewed as an equal to rhetoric

bull The rise and rapid spread of music printing increasedaccess to music and books about music

bull Increased Patronage of Music The rich courts and civic governments of the Renaissance

supported music to a degree not previously seen

bull This level of musical support was also provided by thereligious institutions of the day

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1858

MUSICAL CONTEXT

Territorial Expansion and Increased Wealth

As a result of colonial expansion great wealth

flowed into European cities and courts

Travel and the resulting musical exchange

became a driving force for the creation of a

more international musical style

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1958

MUSICAL STYLE

bull

The composers of the Renaissance concernedthemselves with three different areas of music

Sacred music Composers continued to work with the

older forms such as the motet and Mass It is in thismusic that we find the clearest international style

Secular music Composers created new forms thatreflected national trends such as the Italian madrigaland the French chanson

Instrumental music The rise of music printingencouraged the spread of instrumental music foramateurs and more specific types emerged

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2058

MUSICAL STYLE

bull During this time artists and musicians produced worksthat displayed more artistic freedom and individualism

bull Their art forms rediscovered the ancient Greek ideals

bull Imitation

- was a method that composers used to make elaboratemusic more coherent and to give the listener a sense of arrangement

bull - one melodic line shares or imitates the same musicaltheme as a previous melodic line

bull Imitative polyphony can be easily heard in the music of Byrd Gibbons and Gabrieli

GIOVANNI DA PALESTRINA SALVE REGINA

Monteverde Orfeo 04 Muse Onor

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1458

Composers

-Pope Gregory - Gregorian Chants

-Saint Augustine

-Boethius- Important Theorist

-Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179)-Perotin (c 1155-1377)

-Guillaume de Machaut (c 1300-1377)

-John Dunstable (c 1385-1453)-Guillaume Dufay (c 1400-1474)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1558

RENAISSANCE

(1450 ndash 1600)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1658

HISTORICAL THEMES bull

A rebirth of Classical learning The rediscovery and re-evaluation of writings of the ancient Greeks andRomans suggested a rebirth Nineteenth-century historians seized onthe idea to create our present image of The Renaissance

bull The gradual change from the feudal system to the modern state

Starting in northern Italy the hierarchical state -- led by either the urbanbourgeoisie or despotic nobles -- replaced the fluid and often chaoticfeudal system of the Middle Ages For this reason some historians refer tothe Renaissance as the Early Modern Era

bull A change in the views of the earth and the cosmos

Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) and Ferdinand Magellan (c1480-1521) expanded Europes view of the world The astronomical studies of Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) -- later championed by Galileo Galilei(1564-1642) -- called into question the old earth-centered view of theuniverse

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1758

MUSICAL CONTEXT bull

Increased Interest in Humanist Learning The arts became an important measure of learning andculture

bull Music moved from the science of number to anexpressive art viewed as an equal to rhetoric

bull The rise and rapid spread of music printing increasedaccess to music and books about music

bull Increased Patronage of Music The rich courts and civic governments of the Renaissance

supported music to a degree not previously seen

bull This level of musical support was also provided by thereligious institutions of the day

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1858

MUSICAL CONTEXT

Territorial Expansion and Increased Wealth

As a result of colonial expansion great wealth

flowed into European cities and courts

Travel and the resulting musical exchange

became a driving force for the creation of a

more international musical style

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1958

MUSICAL STYLE

bull

The composers of the Renaissance concernedthemselves with three different areas of music

Sacred music Composers continued to work with the

older forms such as the motet and Mass It is in thismusic that we find the clearest international style

Secular music Composers created new forms thatreflected national trends such as the Italian madrigaland the French chanson

Instrumental music The rise of music printingencouraged the spread of instrumental music foramateurs and more specific types emerged

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2058

MUSICAL STYLE

bull During this time artists and musicians produced worksthat displayed more artistic freedom and individualism

bull Their art forms rediscovered the ancient Greek ideals

bull Imitation

- was a method that composers used to make elaboratemusic more coherent and to give the listener a sense of arrangement

bull - one melodic line shares or imitates the same musicaltheme as a previous melodic line

bull Imitative polyphony can be easily heard in the music of Byrd Gibbons and Gabrieli

GIOVANNI DA PALESTRINA SALVE REGINA

Monteverde Orfeo 04 Muse Onor

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1558

RENAISSANCE

(1450 ndash 1600)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1658

HISTORICAL THEMES bull

A rebirth of Classical learning The rediscovery and re-evaluation of writings of the ancient Greeks andRomans suggested a rebirth Nineteenth-century historians seized onthe idea to create our present image of The Renaissance

bull The gradual change from the feudal system to the modern state

Starting in northern Italy the hierarchical state -- led by either the urbanbourgeoisie or despotic nobles -- replaced the fluid and often chaoticfeudal system of the Middle Ages For this reason some historians refer tothe Renaissance as the Early Modern Era

bull A change in the views of the earth and the cosmos

Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) and Ferdinand Magellan (c1480-1521) expanded Europes view of the world The astronomical studies of Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) -- later championed by Galileo Galilei(1564-1642) -- called into question the old earth-centered view of theuniverse

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1758

MUSICAL CONTEXT bull

Increased Interest in Humanist Learning The arts became an important measure of learning andculture

bull Music moved from the science of number to anexpressive art viewed as an equal to rhetoric

bull The rise and rapid spread of music printing increasedaccess to music and books about music

bull Increased Patronage of Music The rich courts and civic governments of the Renaissance

supported music to a degree not previously seen

bull This level of musical support was also provided by thereligious institutions of the day

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1858

MUSICAL CONTEXT

Territorial Expansion and Increased Wealth

As a result of colonial expansion great wealth

flowed into European cities and courts

Travel and the resulting musical exchange

became a driving force for the creation of a

more international musical style

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1958

MUSICAL STYLE

bull

The composers of the Renaissance concernedthemselves with three different areas of music

Sacred music Composers continued to work with the

older forms such as the motet and Mass It is in thismusic that we find the clearest international style

Secular music Composers created new forms thatreflected national trends such as the Italian madrigaland the French chanson

Instrumental music The rise of music printingencouraged the spread of instrumental music foramateurs and more specific types emerged

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2058

MUSICAL STYLE

bull During this time artists and musicians produced worksthat displayed more artistic freedom and individualism

bull Their art forms rediscovered the ancient Greek ideals

bull Imitation

- was a method that composers used to make elaboratemusic more coherent and to give the listener a sense of arrangement

bull - one melodic line shares or imitates the same musicaltheme as a previous melodic line

bull Imitative polyphony can be easily heard in the music of Byrd Gibbons and Gabrieli

GIOVANNI DA PALESTRINA SALVE REGINA

Monteverde Orfeo 04 Muse Onor

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1658

HISTORICAL THEMES bull

A rebirth of Classical learning The rediscovery and re-evaluation of writings of the ancient Greeks andRomans suggested a rebirth Nineteenth-century historians seized onthe idea to create our present image of The Renaissance

bull The gradual change from the feudal system to the modern state

Starting in northern Italy the hierarchical state -- led by either the urbanbourgeoisie or despotic nobles -- replaced the fluid and often chaoticfeudal system of the Middle Ages For this reason some historians refer tothe Renaissance as the Early Modern Era

bull A change in the views of the earth and the cosmos

Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) and Ferdinand Magellan (c1480-1521) expanded Europes view of the world The astronomical studies of Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) -- later championed by Galileo Galilei(1564-1642) -- called into question the old earth-centered view of theuniverse

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1758

MUSICAL CONTEXT bull

Increased Interest in Humanist Learning The arts became an important measure of learning andculture

bull Music moved from the science of number to anexpressive art viewed as an equal to rhetoric

bull The rise and rapid spread of music printing increasedaccess to music and books about music

bull Increased Patronage of Music The rich courts and civic governments of the Renaissance

supported music to a degree not previously seen

bull This level of musical support was also provided by thereligious institutions of the day

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1858

MUSICAL CONTEXT

Territorial Expansion and Increased Wealth

As a result of colonial expansion great wealth

flowed into European cities and courts

Travel and the resulting musical exchange

became a driving force for the creation of a

more international musical style

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1958

MUSICAL STYLE

bull

The composers of the Renaissance concernedthemselves with three different areas of music

Sacred music Composers continued to work with the

older forms such as the motet and Mass It is in thismusic that we find the clearest international style

Secular music Composers created new forms thatreflected national trends such as the Italian madrigaland the French chanson

Instrumental music The rise of music printingencouraged the spread of instrumental music foramateurs and more specific types emerged

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2058

MUSICAL STYLE

bull During this time artists and musicians produced worksthat displayed more artistic freedom and individualism

bull Their art forms rediscovered the ancient Greek ideals

bull Imitation

- was a method that composers used to make elaboratemusic more coherent and to give the listener a sense of arrangement

bull - one melodic line shares or imitates the same musicaltheme as a previous melodic line

bull Imitative polyphony can be easily heard in the music of Byrd Gibbons and Gabrieli

GIOVANNI DA PALESTRINA SALVE REGINA

Monteverde Orfeo 04 Muse Onor

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1758

MUSICAL CONTEXT bull

Increased Interest in Humanist Learning The arts became an important measure of learning andculture

bull Music moved from the science of number to anexpressive art viewed as an equal to rhetoric

bull The rise and rapid spread of music printing increasedaccess to music and books about music

bull Increased Patronage of Music The rich courts and civic governments of the Renaissance

supported music to a degree not previously seen

bull This level of musical support was also provided by thereligious institutions of the day

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1858

MUSICAL CONTEXT

Territorial Expansion and Increased Wealth

As a result of colonial expansion great wealth

flowed into European cities and courts

Travel and the resulting musical exchange

became a driving force for the creation of a

more international musical style

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1958

MUSICAL STYLE

bull

The composers of the Renaissance concernedthemselves with three different areas of music

Sacred music Composers continued to work with the

older forms such as the motet and Mass It is in thismusic that we find the clearest international style

Secular music Composers created new forms thatreflected national trends such as the Italian madrigaland the French chanson

Instrumental music The rise of music printingencouraged the spread of instrumental music foramateurs and more specific types emerged

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2058

MUSICAL STYLE

bull During this time artists and musicians produced worksthat displayed more artistic freedom and individualism

bull Their art forms rediscovered the ancient Greek ideals

bull Imitation

- was a method that composers used to make elaboratemusic more coherent and to give the listener a sense of arrangement

bull - one melodic line shares or imitates the same musicaltheme as a previous melodic line

bull Imitative polyphony can be easily heard in the music of Byrd Gibbons and Gabrieli

GIOVANNI DA PALESTRINA SALVE REGINA

Monteverde Orfeo 04 Muse Onor

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1858

MUSICAL CONTEXT

Territorial Expansion and Increased Wealth

As a result of colonial expansion great wealth

flowed into European cities and courts

Travel and the resulting musical exchange

became a driving force for the creation of a

more international musical style

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1958

MUSICAL STYLE

bull

The composers of the Renaissance concernedthemselves with three different areas of music

Sacred music Composers continued to work with the

older forms such as the motet and Mass It is in thismusic that we find the clearest international style

Secular music Composers created new forms thatreflected national trends such as the Italian madrigaland the French chanson

Instrumental music The rise of music printingencouraged the spread of instrumental music foramateurs and more specific types emerged

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2058

MUSICAL STYLE

bull During this time artists and musicians produced worksthat displayed more artistic freedom and individualism

bull Their art forms rediscovered the ancient Greek ideals

bull Imitation

- was a method that composers used to make elaboratemusic more coherent and to give the listener a sense of arrangement

bull - one melodic line shares or imitates the same musicaltheme as a previous melodic line

bull Imitative polyphony can be easily heard in the music of Byrd Gibbons and Gabrieli

GIOVANNI DA PALESTRINA SALVE REGINA

Monteverde Orfeo 04 Muse Onor

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 1958

MUSICAL STYLE

bull

The composers of the Renaissance concernedthemselves with three different areas of music

Sacred music Composers continued to work with the

older forms such as the motet and Mass It is in thismusic that we find the clearest international style

Secular music Composers created new forms thatreflected national trends such as the Italian madrigaland the French chanson

Instrumental music The rise of music printingencouraged the spread of instrumental music foramateurs and more specific types emerged

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2058

MUSICAL STYLE

bull During this time artists and musicians produced worksthat displayed more artistic freedom and individualism

bull Their art forms rediscovered the ancient Greek ideals

bull Imitation

- was a method that composers used to make elaboratemusic more coherent and to give the listener a sense of arrangement

bull - one melodic line shares or imitates the same musicaltheme as a previous melodic line

bull Imitative polyphony can be easily heard in the music of Byrd Gibbons and Gabrieli

GIOVANNI DA PALESTRINA SALVE REGINA

Monteverde Orfeo 04 Muse Onor

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2058

MUSICAL STYLE

bull During this time artists and musicians produced worksthat displayed more artistic freedom and individualism

bull Their art forms rediscovered the ancient Greek ideals

bull Imitation

- was a method that composers used to make elaboratemusic more coherent and to give the listener a sense of arrangement

bull - one melodic line shares or imitates the same musicaltheme as a previous melodic line

bull Imitative polyphony can be easily heard in the music of Byrd Gibbons and Gabrieli

GIOVANNI DA PALESTRINA SALVE REGINA

Monteverde Orfeo 04 Muse Onor

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2158

FORMbull -sacred forms

-music was used for worship

-mass was a popular form-a mass is a church service (from Catholicism)-all music is written for the theme of the service

1 Kyrie- The first part of a mass-Kyrie is Lord have mercy Christ have mercy Lord have

mercy-(Forgive me)

2 Gloria- The second part of the mass-(Godis great)3 Credo- The third part of a mass

-(Statement of beliefs)4 Sanctus- The fourth part of a mass

-Holy Holy-(bread and wine turn into Christrsquos blood)

5 Agnus Dei- The fifth part of a mass-lamb of God-(Have mercy)

6 Communion7 Benedictus- The sixth part of a mass

-Go in peace-(Yoursquore OK)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2258

FORMS

bull SACRED FORMS

bull

MASSbull -plain song mass- composers rewrite monophonicchant into polyphonic setting

(add parts)

bull -parody mass- composers take any existing music and put it into a polyphonicsetting

bull -cantus firmus- one melody or chant was used for everything in the whole mass

bull MOTET

bull a type of form-separate part of sacred music-It is not part of the mass-Text comes from other stuff-Accompanied by instruments-Isorhythmic Motet--rhythmic pattern repeated over and over by the instrument

bull HYMN- another type of sacred form-sung by congregation-homophonic

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2258

FORMS

bull SACRED FORMS

bull

MASSbull -plain song mass- composers rewrite monophonicchant into polyphonic setting

(add parts)

bull -parody mass- composers take any existing music and put it into a polyphonicsetting

bull -cantus firmus- one melody or chant was used for everything in the whole mass

bull MOTET

bull a type of form-separate part of sacred music-It is not part of the mass-Text comes from other stuff-Accompanied by instruments-Isorhythmic Motet--rhythmic pattern repeated over and over by the instrument

bull HYMN- another type of sacred form-sung by congregation-homophonic

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2358

FORMS

bull -Secular form-Madrigal-basically English-polyphonic

-sung after feast- a type of secular vocal music compositionwritten during the Renaissance and early Baroqueeras Throughout most of its history it was

polyphonic and unaccompanied by instrumentswith the number of voices varying from two toeight but most frequently three to six

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2458

COMPOSERS

Important ComposersPalestrina- wrote a ton of music (c 1525-1594)-some people think he was the greatest

composer of the RenaissanceMonteverdi- He did a lot of instrumental work

-He laid the ground work for OperaGesualdo- Most people thought he was possessedby Satin (1560-1613)

-extremely ahead of his time

-not afraid to use dissonanceGiovanni Gabrielli (c 1554-1612)John Dowland (1563-1626)Orlando Gibbons (1583-1625)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2558

BAROQUE PERIOD

(1600 ndash 1750)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2658

HISTORICAL THEMES

The increasing importance of scientific investigation Scientists such as Galileo Galilei (1564-1622) and Isaac Newton(1642-1727) broke away from the older model of science whosepurpose was the proof of an a priori assumption Instead throughobservation and experimentation scientists devised hypothesesabout why things happened

The culmination of royal despotism

A small group of leaders (kings queens and emperors) wieldedenormous power in Europe Such was their power that Louis XIV(1638-1715) was to declare Leacutetat ccedilest moi (I am the state)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2758

HISTORICAL THEMES

Development of the New World The English French and Spanish holdings in the New Worldcontinued to supply Europe with wealth But as thegenerations passed colonists began to feel a growingallegiance to their new homes Ultimately such feelings

would lead to the independence of these lands

Artificiality and marvelous effect were valued in the arts Sculptors building on the techniques of artists such asGiovanni Bernini (1598-1680) found ways to create the

illusion of energetic and even violent movement in theirworks Painters created larger and more crowded canvasesVirtuosity was highly prized in all the arts

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2858

MUSICAL CONTEXT

A Time of Experimentation Musicians embraced the idea that music could move the listener ina real and physical way

Opera with its blend of music and drama was the full realization of this ideal

In instrumental music no less than in opera composersexperimented with ways of creating impressive effects

Expanding Roles for Music Music continued to be used as an important tool of statecraft

The new and extravagant styles served as a rich adornment to

religious services in both Catholic and Protestant traditionsMusic especially opera was as an important source of entertainment to the growing merchant and landed classes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2958

COMPOSERS

bull Claudio Monteverdi (1567 ndash 1643)

bull Henry Purcell (1659 ndash 1695)

bull

Antonio Vivaldi (1678 ndash 1741)bull Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 ndash 1750)

Summer Finale from the Four Seasons Antonio Vivaldi

Johann Sebastian Bach - Toccata E Fuga (BWV 565)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2458

COMPOSERS

Important ComposersPalestrina- wrote a ton of music (c 1525-1594)-some people think he was the greatest

composer of the RenaissanceMonteverdi- He did a lot of instrumental work

-He laid the ground work for OperaGesualdo- Most people thought he was possessedby Satin (1560-1613)

-extremely ahead of his time

-not afraid to use dissonanceGiovanni Gabrielli (c 1554-1612)John Dowland (1563-1626)Orlando Gibbons (1583-1625)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2558

BAROQUE PERIOD

(1600 ndash 1750)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2658

HISTORICAL THEMES

The increasing importance of scientific investigation Scientists such as Galileo Galilei (1564-1622) and Isaac Newton(1642-1727) broke away from the older model of science whosepurpose was the proof of an a priori assumption Instead throughobservation and experimentation scientists devised hypothesesabout why things happened

The culmination of royal despotism

A small group of leaders (kings queens and emperors) wieldedenormous power in Europe Such was their power that Louis XIV(1638-1715) was to declare Leacutetat ccedilest moi (I am the state)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2758

HISTORICAL THEMES

Development of the New World The English French and Spanish holdings in the New Worldcontinued to supply Europe with wealth But as thegenerations passed colonists began to feel a growingallegiance to their new homes Ultimately such feelings

would lead to the independence of these lands

Artificiality and marvelous effect were valued in the arts Sculptors building on the techniques of artists such asGiovanni Bernini (1598-1680) found ways to create the

illusion of energetic and even violent movement in theirworks Painters created larger and more crowded canvasesVirtuosity was highly prized in all the arts

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2858

MUSICAL CONTEXT

A Time of Experimentation Musicians embraced the idea that music could move the listener ina real and physical way

Opera with its blend of music and drama was the full realization of this ideal

In instrumental music no less than in opera composersexperimented with ways of creating impressive effects

Expanding Roles for Music Music continued to be used as an important tool of statecraft

The new and extravagant styles served as a rich adornment to

religious services in both Catholic and Protestant traditionsMusic especially opera was as an important source of entertainment to the growing merchant and landed classes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2958

COMPOSERS

bull Claudio Monteverdi (1567 ndash 1643)

bull Henry Purcell (1659 ndash 1695)

bull

Antonio Vivaldi (1678 ndash 1741)bull Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 ndash 1750)

Summer Finale from the Four Seasons Antonio Vivaldi

Johann Sebastian Bach - Toccata E Fuga (BWV 565)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2558

BAROQUE PERIOD

(1600 ndash 1750)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2658

HISTORICAL THEMES

The increasing importance of scientific investigation Scientists such as Galileo Galilei (1564-1622) and Isaac Newton(1642-1727) broke away from the older model of science whosepurpose was the proof of an a priori assumption Instead throughobservation and experimentation scientists devised hypothesesabout why things happened

The culmination of royal despotism

A small group of leaders (kings queens and emperors) wieldedenormous power in Europe Such was their power that Louis XIV(1638-1715) was to declare Leacutetat ccedilest moi (I am the state)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2758

HISTORICAL THEMES

Development of the New World The English French and Spanish holdings in the New Worldcontinued to supply Europe with wealth But as thegenerations passed colonists began to feel a growingallegiance to their new homes Ultimately such feelings

would lead to the independence of these lands

Artificiality and marvelous effect were valued in the arts Sculptors building on the techniques of artists such asGiovanni Bernini (1598-1680) found ways to create the

illusion of energetic and even violent movement in theirworks Painters created larger and more crowded canvasesVirtuosity was highly prized in all the arts

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2858

MUSICAL CONTEXT

A Time of Experimentation Musicians embraced the idea that music could move the listener ina real and physical way

Opera with its blend of music and drama was the full realization of this ideal

In instrumental music no less than in opera composersexperimented with ways of creating impressive effects

Expanding Roles for Music Music continued to be used as an important tool of statecraft

The new and extravagant styles served as a rich adornment to

religious services in both Catholic and Protestant traditionsMusic especially opera was as an important source of entertainment to the growing merchant and landed classes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2958

COMPOSERS

bull Claudio Monteverdi (1567 ndash 1643)

bull Henry Purcell (1659 ndash 1695)

bull

Antonio Vivaldi (1678 ndash 1741)bull Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 ndash 1750)

Summer Finale from the Four Seasons Antonio Vivaldi

Johann Sebastian Bach - Toccata E Fuga (BWV 565)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2658

HISTORICAL THEMES

The increasing importance of scientific investigation Scientists such as Galileo Galilei (1564-1622) and Isaac Newton(1642-1727) broke away from the older model of science whosepurpose was the proof of an a priori assumption Instead throughobservation and experimentation scientists devised hypothesesabout why things happened

The culmination of royal despotism

A small group of leaders (kings queens and emperors) wieldedenormous power in Europe Such was their power that Louis XIV(1638-1715) was to declare Leacutetat ccedilest moi (I am the state)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2758

HISTORICAL THEMES

Development of the New World The English French and Spanish holdings in the New Worldcontinued to supply Europe with wealth But as thegenerations passed colonists began to feel a growingallegiance to their new homes Ultimately such feelings

would lead to the independence of these lands

Artificiality and marvelous effect were valued in the arts Sculptors building on the techniques of artists such asGiovanni Bernini (1598-1680) found ways to create the

illusion of energetic and even violent movement in theirworks Painters created larger and more crowded canvasesVirtuosity was highly prized in all the arts

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2858

MUSICAL CONTEXT

A Time of Experimentation Musicians embraced the idea that music could move the listener ina real and physical way

Opera with its blend of music and drama was the full realization of this ideal

In instrumental music no less than in opera composersexperimented with ways of creating impressive effects

Expanding Roles for Music Music continued to be used as an important tool of statecraft

The new and extravagant styles served as a rich adornment to

religious services in both Catholic and Protestant traditionsMusic especially opera was as an important source of entertainment to the growing merchant and landed classes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2958

COMPOSERS

bull Claudio Monteverdi (1567 ndash 1643)

bull Henry Purcell (1659 ndash 1695)

bull

Antonio Vivaldi (1678 ndash 1741)bull Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 ndash 1750)

Summer Finale from the Four Seasons Antonio Vivaldi

Johann Sebastian Bach - Toccata E Fuga (BWV 565)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2758

HISTORICAL THEMES

Development of the New World The English French and Spanish holdings in the New Worldcontinued to supply Europe with wealth But as thegenerations passed colonists began to feel a growingallegiance to their new homes Ultimately such feelings

would lead to the independence of these lands

Artificiality and marvelous effect were valued in the arts Sculptors building on the techniques of artists such asGiovanni Bernini (1598-1680) found ways to create the

illusion of energetic and even violent movement in theirworks Painters created larger and more crowded canvasesVirtuosity was highly prized in all the arts

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2858

MUSICAL CONTEXT

A Time of Experimentation Musicians embraced the idea that music could move the listener ina real and physical way

Opera with its blend of music and drama was the full realization of this ideal

In instrumental music no less than in opera composersexperimented with ways of creating impressive effects

Expanding Roles for Music Music continued to be used as an important tool of statecraft

The new and extravagant styles served as a rich adornment to

religious services in both Catholic and Protestant traditionsMusic especially opera was as an important source of entertainment to the growing merchant and landed classes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2958

COMPOSERS

bull Claudio Monteverdi (1567 ndash 1643)

bull Henry Purcell (1659 ndash 1695)

bull

Antonio Vivaldi (1678 ndash 1741)bull Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 ndash 1750)

Summer Finale from the Four Seasons Antonio Vivaldi

Johann Sebastian Bach - Toccata E Fuga (BWV 565)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2858

MUSICAL CONTEXT

A Time of Experimentation Musicians embraced the idea that music could move the listener ina real and physical way

Opera with its blend of music and drama was the full realization of this ideal

In instrumental music no less than in opera composersexperimented with ways of creating impressive effects

Expanding Roles for Music Music continued to be used as an important tool of statecraft

The new and extravagant styles served as a rich adornment to

religious services in both Catholic and Protestant traditionsMusic especially opera was as an important source of entertainment to the growing merchant and landed classes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2958

COMPOSERS

bull Claudio Monteverdi (1567 ndash 1643)

bull Henry Purcell (1659 ndash 1695)

bull

Antonio Vivaldi (1678 ndash 1741)bull Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 ndash 1750)

Summer Finale from the Four Seasons Antonio Vivaldi

Johann Sebastian Bach - Toccata E Fuga (BWV 565)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 2958

COMPOSERS

bull Claudio Monteverdi (1567 ndash 1643)

bull Henry Purcell (1659 ndash 1695)

bull

Antonio Vivaldi (1678 ndash 1741)bull Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 ndash 1750)

Summer Finale from the Four Seasons Antonio Vivaldi

Johann Sebastian Bach - Toccata E Fuga (BWV 565)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3058

CLASSICAL MUSIC

1750 - 1825

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3158

HISTORICAL THEMES

bull The Industrial Revolution New developments in themeans of production led to

increases in material goodsand wealth As productionwas centralized urbansociety became morecentral to life in Europe andthe Americas

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3258

HISTORICAL THEMES

bull The philosophy of theEnlightenment This world view placed anemphasis on the naturalrights of people and on the

ability of humans to shapetheir own environmentWriters such as JeanJacques Rousseau (1712-1778) and Voltaire (1694-

1778) helped shape theseideals

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3358

HISTORICAL THEMES

The political ideals of republican government

The Enlightenments emphasis on the individualled to the elevation of the individuals role inpolitical life The idea of the social contract laybehind two of the most momentous events of the

period the American and French Revolutions

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3458

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Art and Nature Peoples view of the nature of this world and of theirrelationship to it wasundergoing fundamental change

bull Political theories saw people asfree agents in the world with anature that if not fundamentallygood was at least notfundamentally bad

bull The concept of natural becamean important component inartistic thought

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3558

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Social Role of Music

Improved economic conditions-- fostered by better

production methods -- yielded

more goods and greater

wealthbull The pursuit of happiness was

available to a broader class of

society

bull

Music began to be seen as aninnocent luxury

bull European composers reacted

to increased demand for

music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3658

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Concept of Nature in the

Arts The unnatural and artificialgestures of Baroque paintingand sculpture were replacedwith natural ideals of

simplicity and balancebull Allegorical subjects in art and

literature were cast aside infavor of real people andsituations and the genre of the

novel was bornbull In music simplicity balance and

an interest in real emotionswere critical for the composer

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3758

STYLES

bull CLASSICAL SONATA

- The basic structure in which composers

wrote instrumental music

- applied to solo sonatas chamber music

symphonies and concertos

musical compositions of this time contained

three or four movements each with its own

special characteristics

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3858

STYLES

bull THE SYMPHONY

- Another important form of instrumental

music was the symphony which blossomed

during the 18th century

The basic form of the classical symphony was

the Italian overture called sinfonia It was an

orchestral composition arranged in threemovements (fast-slow-fast)

Th l f h Cl i l i k d b f

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3958

The style of the Classical era is marked by many of

these ideals and it is reflected in a number of musical

elements

bull Simpler textures Homophonic textures (usually melodyand accompaniment) became the standard Contrapuntaltexture was used sparingly and for specific purposes

bull Simpler melodies Classical melodies usually fall into evenphrases and often were organized into symmetricalquestion and answer structures Many composers foundinspiration in folk melodies

bull The piano The piano with its ability to produce gradationsof dynamics became the most important solo instrumentfor Classical composers

bull Simple rational forms Simple two- and three-part formsbecame the essential building blocks of all Classical formsespecially the Sonata Allegro form

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4058

COMPOSERS

bull John Gay (1685-1732)

bull Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

bull Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) -

Regarded to be the greatest child prodigy the

world has ever known

bull Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) - regarded

as the father of modern music

Symphony 40 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Symphony No 5 Ludwig Van Beethoven

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3158

HISTORICAL THEMES

bull The Industrial Revolution New developments in themeans of production led to

increases in material goodsand wealth As productionwas centralized urbansociety became morecentral to life in Europe andthe Americas

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3258

HISTORICAL THEMES

bull The philosophy of theEnlightenment This world view placed anemphasis on the naturalrights of people and on the

ability of humans to shapetheir own environmentWriters such as JeanJacques Rousseau (1712-1778) and Voltaire (1694-

1778) helped shape theseideals

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3358

HISTORICAL THEMES

The political ideals of republican government

The Enlightenments emphasis on the individualled to the elevation of the individuals role inpolitical life The idea of the social contract laybehind two of the most momentous events of the

period the American and French Revolutions

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3458

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Art and Nature Peoples view of the nature of this world and of theirrelationship to it wasundergoing fundamental change

bull Political theories saw people asfree agents in the world with anature that if not fundamentallygood was at least notfundamentally bad

bull The concept of natural becamean important component inartistic thought

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3558

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Social Role of Music

Improved economic conditions-- fostered by better

production methods -- yielded

more goods and greater

wealthbull The pursuit of happiness was

available to a broader class of

society

bull

Music began to be seen as aninnocent luxury

bull European composers reacted

to increased demand for

music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3658

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Concept of Nature in the

Arts The unnatural and artificialgestures of Baroque paintingand sculpture were replacedwith natural ideals of

simplicity and balancebull Allegorical subjects in art and

literature were cast aside infavor of real people andsituations and the genre of the

novel was bornbull In music simplicity balance and

an interest in real emotionswere critical for the composer

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3758

STYLES

bull CLASSICAL SONATA

- The basic structure in which composers

wrote instrumental music

- applied to solo sonatas chamber music

symphonies and concertos

musical compositions of this time contained

three or four movements each with its own

special characteristics

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3858

STYLES

bull THE SYMPHONY

- Another important form of instrumental

music was the symphony which blossomed

during the 18th century

The basic form of the classical symphony was

the Italian overture called sinfonia It was an

orchestral composition arranged in threemovements (fast-slow-fast)

Th l f h Cl i l i k d b f

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3958

The style of the Classical era is marked by many of

these ideals and it is reflected in a number of musical

elements

bull Simpler textures Homophonic textures (usually melodyand accompaniment) became the standard Contrapuntaltexture was used sparingly and for specific purposes

bull Simpler melodies Classical melodies usually fall into evenphrases and often were organized into symmetricalquestion and answer structures Many composers foundinspiration in folk melodies

bull The piano The piano with its ability to produce gradationsof dynamics became the most important solo instrumentfor Classical composers

bull Simple rational forms Simple two- and three-part formsbecame the essential building blocks of all Classical formsespecially the Sonata Allegro form

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4058

COMPOSERS

bull John Gay (1685-1732)

bull Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

bull Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) -

Regarded to be the greatest child prodigy the

world has ever known

bull Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) - regarded

as the father of modern music

Symphony 40 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Symphony No 5 Ludwig Van Beethoven

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3258

HISTORICAL THEMES

bull The philosophy of theEnlightenment This world view placed anemphasis on the naturalrights of people and on the

ability of humans to shapetheir own environmentWriters such as JeanJacques Rousseau (1712-1778) and Voltaire (1694-

1778) helped shape theseideals

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3358

HISTORICAL THEMES

The political ideals of republican government

The Enlightenments emphasis on the individualled to the elevation of the individuals role inpolitical life The idea of the social contract laybehind two of the most momentous events of the

period the American and French Revolutions

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3458

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Art and Nature Peoples view of the nature of this world and of theirrelationship to it wasundergoing fundamental change

bull Political theories saw people asfree agents in the world with anature that if not fundamentallygood was at least notfundamentally bad

bull The concept of natural becamean important component inartistic thought

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3558

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Social Role of Music

Improved economic conditions-- fostered by better

production methods -- yielded

more goods and greater

wealthbull The pursuit of happiness was

available to a broader class of

society

bull

Music began to be seen as aninnocent luxury

bull European composers reacted

to increased demand for

music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3658

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Concept of Nature in the

Arts The unnatural and artificialgestures of Baroque paintingand sculpture were replacedwith natural ideals of

simplicity and balancebull Allegorical subjects in art and

literature were cast aside infavor of real people andsituations and the genre of the

novel was bornbull In music simplicity balance and

an interest in real emotionswere critical for the composer

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3758

STYLES

bull CLASSICAL SONATA

- The basic structure in which composers

wrote instrumental music

- applied to solo sonatas chamber music

symphonies and concertos

musical compositions of this time contained

three or four movements each with its own

special characteristics

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3858

STYLES

bull THE SYMPHONY

- Another important form of instrumental

music was the symphony which blossomed

during the 18th century

The basic form of the classical symphony was

the Italian overture called sinfonia It was an

orchestral composition arranged in threemovements (fast-slow-fast)

Th l f h Cl i l i k d b f

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3958

The style of the Classical era is marked by many of

these ideals and it is reflected in a number of musical

elements

bull Simpler textures Homophonic textures (usually melodyand accompaniment) became the standard Contrapuntaltexture was used sparingly and for specific purposes

bull Simpler melodies Classical melodies usually fall into evenphrases and often were organized into symmetricalquestion and answer structures Many composers foundinspiration in folk melodies

bull The piano The piano with its ability to produce gradationsof dynamics became the most important solo instrumentfor Classical composers

bull Simple rational forms Simple two- and three-part formsbecame the essential building blocks of all Classical formsespecially the Sonata Allegro form

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4058

COMPOSERS

bull John Gay (1685-1732)

bull Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

bull Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) -

Regarded to be the greatest child prodigy the

world has ever known

bull Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) - regarded

as the father of modern music

Symphony 40 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Symphony No 5 Ludwig Van Beethoven

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3358

HISTORICAL THEMES

The political ideals of republican government

The Enlightenments emphasis on the individualled to the elevation of the individuals role inpolitical life The idea of the social contract laybehind two of the most momentous events of the

period the American and French Revolutions

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3458

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Art and Nature Peoples view of the nature of this world and of theirrelationship to it wasundergoing fundamental change

bull Political theories saw people asfree agents in the world with anature that if not fundamentallygood was at least notfundamentally bad

bull The concept of natural becamean important component inartistic thought

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3558

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Social Role of Music

Improved economic conditions-- fostered by better

production methods -- yielded

more goods and greater

wealthbull The pursuit of happiness was

available to a broader class of

society

bull

Music began to be seen as aninnocent luxury

bull European composers reacted

to increased demand for

music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3658

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Concept of Nature in the

Arts The unnatural and artificialgestures of Baroque paintingand sculpture were replacedwith natural ideals of

simplicity and balancebull Allegorical subjects in art and

literature were cast aside infavor of real people andsituations and the genre of the

novel was bornbull In music simplicity balance and

an interest in real emotionswere critical for the composer

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3758

STYLES

bull CLASSICAL SONATA

- The basic structure in which composers

wrote instrumental music

- applied to solo sonatas chamber music

symphonies and concertos

musical compositions of this time contained

three or four movements each with its own

special characteristics

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3858

STYLES

bull THE SYMPHONY

- Another important form of instrumental

music was the symphony which blossomed

during the 18th century

The basic form of the classical symphony was

the Italian overture called sinfonia It was an

orchestral composition arranged in threemovements (fast-slow-fast)

Th l f h Cl i l i k d b f

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3958

The style of the Classical era is marked by many of

these ideals and it is reflected in a number of musical

elements

bull Simpler textures Homophonic textures (usually melodyand accompaniment) became the standard Contrapuntaltexture was used sparingly and for specific purposes

bull Simpler melodies Classical melodies usually fall into evenphrases and often were organized into symmetricalquestion and answer structures Many composers foundinspiration in folk melodies

bull The piano The piano with its ability to produce gradationsof dynamics became the most important solo instrumentfor Classical composers

bull Simple rational forms Simple two- and three-part formsbecame the essential building blocks of all Classical formsespecially the Sonata Allegro form

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4058

COMPOSERS

bull John Gay (1685-1732)

bull Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

bull Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) -

Regarded to be the greatest child prodigy the

world has ever known

bull Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) - regarded

as the father of modern music

Symphony 40 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Symphony No 5 Ludwig Van Beethoven

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3458

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Art and Nature Peoples view of the nature of this world and of theirrelationship to it wasundergoing fundamental change

bull Political theories saw people asfree agents in the world with anature that if not fundamentallygood was at least notfundamentally bad

bull The concept of natural becamean important component inartistic thought

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3558

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Social Role of Music

Improved economic conditions-- fostered by better

production methods -- yielded

more goods and greater

wealthbull The pursuit of happiness was

available to a broader class of

society

bull

Music began to be seen as aninnocent luxury

bull European composers reacted

to increased demand for

music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3658

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Concept of Nature in the

Arts The unnatural and artificialgestures of Baroque paintingand sculpture were replacedwith natural ideals of

simplicity and balancebull Allegorical subjects in art and

literature were cast aside infavor of real people andsituations and the genre of the

novel was bornbull In music simplicity balance and

an interest in real emotionswere critical for the composer

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3758

STYLES

bull CLASSICAL SONATA

- The basic structure in which composers

wrote instrumental music

- applied to solo sonatas chamber music

symphonies and concertos

musical compositions of this time contained

three or four movements each with its own

special characteristics

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3858

STYLES

bull THE SYMPHONY

- Another important form of instrumental

music was the symphony which blossomed

during the 18th century

The basic form of the classical symphony was

the Italian overture called sinfonia It was an

orchestral composition arranged in threemovements (fast-slow-fast)

Th l f h Cl i l i k d b f

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3958

The style of the Classical era is marked by many of

these ideals and it is reflected in a number of musical

elements

bull Simpler textures Homophonic textures (usually melodyand accompaniment) became the standard Contrapuntaltexture was used sparingly and for specific purposes

bull Simpler melodies Classical melodies usually fall into evenphrases and often were organized into symmetricalquestion and answer structures Many composers foundinspiration in folk melodies

bull The piano The piano with its ability to produce gradationsof dynamics became the most important solo instrumentfor Classical composers

bull Simple rational forms Simple two- and three-part formsbecame the essential building blocks of all Classical formsespecially the Sonata Allegro form

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4058

COMPOSERS

bull John Gay (1685-1732)

bull Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

bull Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) -

Regarded to be the greatest child prodigy the

world has ever known

bull Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) - regarded

as the father of modern music

Symphony 40 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Symphony No 5 Ludwig Van Beethoven

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3558

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull The Social Role of Music

Improved economic conditions-- fostered by better

production methods -- yielded

more goods and greater

wealthbull The pursuit of happiness was

available to a broader class of

society

bull

Music began to be seen as aninnocent luxury

bull European composers reacted

to increased demand for

music

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3658

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Concept of Nature in the

Arts The unnatural and artificialgestures of Baroque paintingand sculpture were replacedwith natural ideals of

simplicity and balancebull Allegorical subjects in art and

literature were cast aside infavor of real people andsituations and the genre of the

novel was bornbull In music simplicity balance and

an interest in real emotionswere critical for the composer

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3758

STYLES

bull CLASSICAL SONATA

- The basic structure in which composers

wrote instrumental music

- applied to solo sonatas chamber music

symphonies and concertos

musical compositions of this time contained

three or four movements each with its own

special characteristics

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3858

STYLES

bull THE SYMPHONY

- Another important form of instrumental

music was the symphony which blossomed

during the 18th century

The basic form of the classical symphony was

the Italian overture called sinfonia It was an

orchestral composition arranged in threemovements (fast-slow-fast)

Th l f h Cl i l i k d b f

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3958

The style of the Classical era is marked by many of

these ideals and it is reflected in a number of musical

elements

bull Simpler textures Homophonic textures (usually melodyand accompaniment) became the standard Contrapuntaltexture was used sparingly and for specific purposes

bull Simpler melodies Classical melodies usually fall into evenphrases and often were organized into symmetricalquestion and answer structures Many composers foundinspiration in folk melodies

bull The piano The piano with its ability to produce gradationsof dynamics became the most important solo instrumentfor Classical composers

bull Simple rational forms Simple two- and three-part formsbecame the essential building blocks of all Classical formsespecially the Sonata Allegro form

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4058

COMPOSERS

bull John Gay (1685-1732)

bull Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

bull Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) -

Regarded to be the greatest child prodigy the

world has ever known

bull Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) - regarded

as the father of modern music

Symphony 40 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Symphony No 5 Ludwig Van Beethoven

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3658

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull The Concept of Nature in the

Arts The unnatural and artificialgestures of Baroque paintingand sculpture were replacedwith natural ideals of

simplicity and balancebull Allegorical subjects in art and

literature were cast aside infavor of real people andsituations and the genre of the

novel was bornbull In music simplicity balance and

an interest in real emotionswere critical for the composer

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3758

STYLES

bull CLASSICAL SONATA

- The basic structure in which composers

wrote instrumental music

- applied to solo sonatas chamber music

symphonies and concertos

musical compositions of this time contained

three or four movements each with its own

special characteristics

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3858

STYLES

bull THE SYMPHONY

- Another important form of instrumental

music was the symphony which blossomed

during the 18th century

The basic form of the classical symphony was

the Italian overture called sinfonia It was an

orchestral composition arranged in threemovements (fast-slow-fast)

Th l f h Cl i l i k d b f

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3958

The style of the Classical era is marked by many of

these ideals and it is reflected in a number of musical

elements

bull Simpler textures Homophonic textures (usually melodyand accompaniment) became the standard Contrapuntaltexture was used sparingly and for specific purposes

bull Simpler melodies Classical melodies usually fall into evenphrases and often were organized into symmetricalquestion and answer structures Many composers foundinspiration in folk melodies

bull The piano The piano with its ability to produce gradationsof dynamics became the most important solo instrumentfor Classical composers

bull Simple rational forms Simple two- and three-part formsbecame the essential building blocks of all Classical formsespecially the Sonata Allegro form

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4058

COMPOSERS

bull John Gay (1685-1732)

bull Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

bull Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) -

Regarded to be the greatest child prodigy the

world has ever known

bull Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) - regarded

as the father of modern music

Symphony 40 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Symphony No 5 Ludwig Van Beethoven

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3758

STYLES

bull CLASSICAL SONATA

- The basic structure in which composers

wrote instrumental music

- applied to solo sonatas chamber music

symphonies and concertos

musical compositions of this time contained

three or four movements each with its own

special characteristics

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3858

STYLES

bull THE SYMPHONY

- Another important form of instrumental

music was the symphony which blossomed

during the 18th century

The basic form of the classical symphony was

the Italian overture called sinfonia It was an

orchestral composition arranged in threemovements (fast-slow-fast)

Th l f h Cl i l i k d b f

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3958

The style of the Classical era is marked by many of

these ideals and it is reflected in a number of musical

elements

bull Simpler textures Homophonic textures (usually melodyand accompaniment) became the standard Contrapuntaltexture was used sparingly and for specific purposes

bull Simpler melodies Classical melodies usually fall into evenphrases and often were organized into symmetricalquestion and answer structures Many composers foundinspiration in folk melodies

bull The piano The piano with its ability to produce gradationsof dynamics became the most important solo instrumentfor Classical composers

bull Simple rational forms Simple two- and three-part formsbecame the essential building blocks of all Classical formsespecially the Sonata Allegro form

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4058

COMPOSERS

bull John Gay (1685-1732)

bull Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

bull Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) -

Regarded to be the greatest child prodigy the

world has ever known

bull Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) - regarded

as the father of modern music

Symphony 40 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Symphony No 5 Ludwig Van Beethoven

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3858

STYLES

bull THE SYMPHONY

- Another important form of instrumental

music was the symphony which blossomed

during the 18th century

The basic form of the classical symphony was

the Italian overture called sinfonia It was an

orchestral composition arranged in threemovements (fast-slow-fast)

Th l f h Cl i l i k d b f

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3958

The style of the Classical era is marked by many of

these ideals and it is reflected in a number of musical

elements

bull Simpler textures Homophonic textures (usually melodyand accompaniment) became the standard Contrapuntaltexture was used sparingly and for specific purposes

bull Simpler melodies Classical melodies usually fall into evenphrases and often were organized into symmetricalquestion and answer structures Many composers foundinspiration in folk melodies

bull The piano The piano with its ability to produce gradationsof dynamics became the most important solo instrumentfor Classical composers

bull Simple rational forms Simple two- and three-part formsbecame the essential building blocks of all Classical formsespecially the Sonata Allegro form

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4058

COMPOSERS

bull John Gay (1685-1732)

bull Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

bull Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) -

Regarded to be the greatest child prodigy the

world has ever known

bull Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) - regarded

as the father of modern music

Symphony 40 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Symphony No 5 Ludwig Van Beethoven

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 3958

The style of the Classical era is marked by many of

these ideals and it is reflected in a number of musical

elements

bull Simpler textures Homophonic textures (usually melodyand accompaniment) became the standard Contrapuntaltexture was used sparingly and for specific purposes

bull Simpler melodies Classical melodies usually fall into evenphrases and often were organized into symmetricalquestion and answer structures Many composers foundinspiration in folk melodies

bull The piano The piano with its ability to produce gradationsof dynamics became the most important solo instrumentfor Classical composers

bull Simple rational forms Simple two- and three-part formsbecame the essential building blocks of all Classical formsespecially the Sonata Allegro form

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4058

COMPOSERS

bull John Gay (1685-1732)

bull Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

bull Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) -

Regarded to be the greatest child prodigy the

world has ever known

bull Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) - regarded

as the father of modern music

Symphony 40 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Symphony No 5 Ludwig Van Beethoven

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4058

COMPOSERS

bull John Gay (1685-1732)

bull Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

bull Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) -

Regarded to be the greatest child prodigy the

world has ever known

bull Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) - regarded

as the father of modern music

Symphony 40 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Symphony No 5 Ludwig Van Beethoven

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4158

ROMANTIC ERA

1825 - 1900

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4258

HISTORICAL THEMES

bull The increasing role of science in defining aworldview The skepticism resulting fromby a clearer understanding of

the world and humanitysplace in it changed the waypeople thought of themselves and societyCharles Darwins (1809-

1882) The Origin of theSpecies is one example of thenew attitude

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4358

bull A growing autonomyfor the arts

More and more artwas removed fromfunctional roles andcame to beappreciated for its

aesthetic worth Theart of the past becameincreasingly reveredand our modern

notions of the artistand of the fine artswere born

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4458

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull Increased Interest in Nature

and the Supernatural Romantic artists saw nature in aless idealized way than theartists of the Classical periodhad

bull

The natural world wasconsidered less a model of perfection and more a sourceof mysterious powers

bull Romantic composers gravitated

toward supernatural texts andstories Schuberts Erlking andBerlioz Symphonie fantastiqueare two goodexamples

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4558

bull The Rise of Program

Music

Music began to be used totell stories or to implymeaning beyond thepurely musical

bullComposers found ways tomake their musical ideasrepresent people thingsand dramatic situations as

well as emotional statesand even philosophicalideas

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4658

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Nationalism and Exoticism Composers used music as a tool for highlightingnational identity

bull Instrumental composers such as Bedrich Smetana

made reference to folk music and national images (asin The Moldau) while operatic composers such asGiuseppe Verdi set stories with strong patrioticundercurrents

bull Composers took an interest in the music of various

ethnic groups and incorporated it into their own musicbull Composers also wrote works based on stories of exotic

lands and people

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4758

bull Changing Status of Musicians

A composer was no longer dependent for income on the

steady employment by nobility but relied instead on the

support of the public and the patronage of individuals

bull Music was seen less as an occupation and more as a calling

bull Specialized training institutions (conservatories) replaced the

apprentice system of the church and the court

bull Women found more opportunities for musical expression

especially as performers but social and cultural barriers stilllimited their participation as composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4858

MUSICAL STYLE

bull Dynamic range is wider and there is a larger range of sound

bull There is a greater variety of instruments includingimproved or newly-invented wind instruments

bull Melodies are longer more dramatic and emotional

bull Tempos are more extreme

bull Harmonies are fuller often more dissonant

bull

Formal structures are expanded These are oftendetermined by the programmatic content of the piece

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4958

COMPOSERS

bull Brahms Johannes (1833-1897)

bull Chopin Frederic (1810-1901)

bull Schubert Franz (1797-1828)

bull Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844 ndash 1908)

Wedding March Richard Wagner

Nocturne in C Sharp Minor Frederic Chopin

Flight of the Bumblebee (from The Tale of Tsar Saltan)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4258

HISTORICAL THEMES

bull The increasing role of science in defining aworldview The skepticism resulting fromby a clearer understanding of

the world and humanitysplace in it changed the waypeople thought of themselves and societyCharles Darwins (1809-

1882) The Origin of theSpecies is one example of thenew attitude

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4358

bull A growing autonomyfor the arts

More and more artwas removed fromfunctional roles andcame to beappreciated for its

aesthetic worth Theart of the past becameincreasingly reveredand our modern

notions of the artistand of the fine artswere born

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4458

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull Increased Interest in Nature

and the Supernatural Romantic artists saw nature in aless idealized way than theartists of the Classical periodhad

bull

The natural world wasconsidered less a model of perfection and more a sourceof mysterious powers

bull Romantic composers gravitated

toward supernatural texts andstories Schuberts Erlking andBerlioz Symphonie fantastiqueare two goodexamples

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4558

bull The Rise of Program

Music

Music began to be used totell stories or to implymeaning beyond thepurely musical

bullComposers found ways tomake their musical ideasrepresent people thingsand dramatic situations as

well as emotional statesand even philosophicalideas

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4658

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Nationalism and Exoticism Composers used music as a tool for highlightingnational identity

bull Instrumental composers such as Bedrich Smetana

made reference to folk music and national images (asin The Moldau) while operatic composers such asGiuseppe Verdi set stories with strong patrioticundercurrents

bull Composers took an interest in the music of various

ethnic groups and incorporated it into their own musicbull Composers also wrote works based on stories of exotic

lands and people

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4758

bull Changing Status of Musicians

A composer was no longer dependent for income on the

steady employment by nobility but relied instead on the

support of the public and the patronage of individuals

bull Music was seen less as an occupation and more as a calling

bull Specialized training institutions (conservatories) replaced the

apprentice system of the church and the court

bull Women found more opportunities for musical expression

especially as performers but social and cultural barriers stilllimited their participation as composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4858

MUSICAL STYLE

bull Dynamic range is wider and there is a larger range of sound

bull There is a greater variety of instruments includingimproved or newly-invented wind instruments

bull Melodies are longer more dramatic and emotional

bull Tempos are more extreme

bull Harmonies are fuller often more dissonant

bull

Formal structures are expanded These are oftendetermined by the programmatic content of the piece

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4958

COMPOSERS

bull Brahms Johannes (1833-1897)

bull Chopin Frederic (1810-1901)

bull Schubert Franz (1797-1828)

bull Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844 ndash 1908)

Wedding March Richard Wagner

Nocturne in C Sharp Minor Frederic Chopin

Flight of the Bumblebee (from The Tale of Tsar Saltan)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4358

bull A growing autonomyfor the arts

More and more artwas removed fromfunctional roles andcame to beappreciated for its

aesthetic worth Theart of the past becameincreasingly reveredand our modern

notions of the artistand of the fine artswere born

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4458

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull Increased Interest in Nature

and the Supernatural Romantic artists saw nature in aless idealized way than theartists of the Classical periodhad

bull

The natural world wasconsidered less a model of perfection and more a sourceof mysterious powers

bull Romantic composers gravitated

toward supernatural texts andstories Schuberts Erlking andBerlioz Symphonie fantastiqueare two goodexamples

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4558

bull The Rise of Program

Music

Music began to be used totell stories or to implymeaning beyond thepurely musical

bullComposers found ways tomake their musical ideasrepresent people thingsand dramatic situations as

well as emotional statesand even philosophicalideas

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4658

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Nationalism and Exoticism Composers used music as a tool for highlightingnational identity

bull Instrumental composers such as Bedrich Smetana

made reference to folk music and national images (asin The Moldau) while operatic composers such asGiuseppe Verdi set stories with strong patrioticundercurrents

bull Composers took an interest in the music of various

ethnic groups and incorporated it into their own musicbull Composers also wrote works based on stories of exotic

lands and people

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4758

bull Changing Status of Musicians

A composer was no longer dependent for income on the

steady employment by nobility but relied instead on the

support of the public and the patronage of individuals

bull Music was seen less as an occupation and more as a calling

bull Specialized training institutions (conservatories) replaced the

apprentice system of the church and the court

bull Women found more opportunities for musical expression

especially as performers but social and cultural barriers stilllimited their participation as composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4858

MUSICAL STYLE

bull Dynamic range is wider and there is a larger range of sound

bull There is a greater variety of instruments includingimproved or newly-invented wind instruments

bull Melodies are longer more dramatic and emotional

bull Tempos are more extreme

bull Harmonies are fuller often more dissonant

bull

Formal structures are expanded These are oftendetermined by the programmatic content of the piece

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4958

COMPOSERS

bull Brahms Johannes (1833-1897)

bull Chopin Frederic (1810-1901)

bull Schubert Franz (1797-1828)

bull Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844 ndash 1908)

Wedding March Richard Wagner

Nocturne in C Sharp Minor Frederic Chopin

Flight of the Bumblebee (from The Tale of Tsar Saltan)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4458

MUSICAL CONTEXTbull Increased Interest in Nature

and the Supernatural Romantic artists saw nature in aless idealized way than theartists of the Classical periodhad

bull

The natural world wasconsidered less a model of perfection and more a sourceof mysterious powers

bull Romantic composers gravitated

toward supernatural texts andstories Schuberts Erlking andBerlioz Symphonie fantastiqueare two goodexamples

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4558

bull The Rise of Program

Music

Music began to be used totell stories or to implymeaning beyond thepurely musical

bullComposers found ways tomake their musical ideasrepresent people thingsand dramatic situations as

well as emotional statesand even philosophicalideas

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4658

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Nationalism and Exoticism Composers used music as a tool for highlightingnational identity

bull Instrumental composers such as Bedrich Smetana

made reference to folk music and national images (asin The Moldau) while operatic composers such asGiuseppe Verdi set stories with strong patrioticundercurrents

bull Composers took an interest in the music of various

ethnic groups and incorporated it into their own musicbull Composers also wrote works based on stories of exotic

lands and people

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4758

bull Changing Status of Musicians

A composer was no longer dependent for income on the

steady employment by nobility but relied instead on the

support of the public and the patronage of individuals

bull Music was seen less as an occupation and more as a calling

bull Specialized training institutions (conservatories) replaced the

apprentice system of the church and the court

bull Women found more opportunities for musical expression

especially as performers but social and cultural barriers stilllimited their participation as composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4858

MUSICAL STYLE

bull Dynamic range is wider and there is a larger range of sound

bull There is a greater variety of instruments includingimproved or newly-invented wind instruments

bull Melodies are longer more dramatic and emotional

bull Tempos are more extreme

bull Harmonies are fuller often more dissonant

bull

Formal structures are expanded These are oftendetermined by the programmatic content of the piece

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4958

COMPOSERS

bull Brahms Johannes (1833-1897)

bull Chopin Frederic (1810-1901)

bull Schubert Franz (1797-1828)

bull Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844 ndash 1908)

Wedding March Richard Wagner

Nocturne in C Sharp Minor Frederic Chopin

Flight of the Bumblebee (from The Tale of Tsar Saltan)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4558

bull The Rise of Program

Music

Music began to be used totell stories or to implymeaning beyond thepurely musical

bullComposers found ways tomake their musical ideasrepresent people thingsand dramatic situations as

well as emotional statesand even philosophicalideas

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4658

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Nationalism and Exoticism Composers used music as a tool for highlightingnational identity

bull Instrumental composers such as Bedrich Smetana

made reference to folk music and national images (asin The Moldau) while operatic composers such asGiuseppe Verdi set stories with strong patrioticundercurrents

bull Composers took an interest in the music of various

ethnic groups and incorporated it into their own musicbull Composers also wrote works based on stories of exotic

lands and people

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4758

bull Changing Status of Musicians

A composer was no longer dependent for income on the

steady employment by nobility but relied instead on the

support of the public and the patronage of individuals

bull Music was seen less as an occupation and more as a calling

bull Specialized training institutions (conservatories) replaced the

apprentice system of the church and the court

bull Women found more opportunities for musical expression

especially as performers but social and cultural barriers stilllimited their participation as composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4858

MUSICAL STYLE

bull Dynamic range is wider and there is a larger range of sound

bull There is a greater variety of instruments includingimproved or newly-invented wind instruments

bull Melodies are longer more dramatic and emotional

bull Tempos are more extreme

bull Harmonies are fuller often more dissonant

bull

Formal structures are expanded These are oftendetermined by the programmatic content of the piece

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4958

COMPOSERS

bull Brahms Johannes (1833-1897)

bull Chopin Frederic (1810-1901)

bull Schubert Franz (1797-1828)

bull Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844 ndash 1908)

Wedding March Richard Wagner

Nocturne in C Sharp Minor Frederic Chopin

Flight of the Bumblebee (from The Tale of Tsar Saltan)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4658

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Nationalism and Exoticism Composers used music as a tool for highlightingnational identity

bull Instrumental composers such as Bedrich Smetana

made reference to folk music and national images (asin The Moldau) while operatic composers such asGiuseppe Verdi set stories with strong patrioticundercurrents

bull Composers took an interest in the music of various

ethnic groups and incorporated it into their own musicbull Composers also wrote works based on stories of exotic

lands and people

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4758

bull Changing Status of Musicians

A composer was no longer dependent for income on the

steady employment by nobility but relied instead on the

support of the public and the patronage of individuals

bull Music was seen less as an occupation and more as a calling

bull Specialized training institutions (conservatories) replaced the

apprentice system of the church and the court

bull Women found more opportunities for musical expression

especially as performers but social and cultural barriers stilllimited their participation as composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4858

MUSICAL STYLE

bull Dynamic range is wider and there is a larger range of sound

bull There is a greater variety of instruments includingimproved or newly-invented wind instruments

bull Melodies are longer more dramatic and emotional

bull Tempos are more extreme

bull Harmonies are fuller often more dissonant

bull

Formal structures are expanded These are oftendetermined by the programmatic content of the piece

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4958

COMPOSERS

bull Brahms Johannes (1833-1897)

bull Chopin Frederic (1810-1901)

bull Schubert Franz (1797-1828)

bull Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844 ndash 1908)

Wedding March Richard Wagner

Nocturne in C Sharp Minor Frederic Chopin

Flight of the Bumblebee (from The Tale of Tsar Saltan)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4758

bull Changing Status of Musicians

A composer was no longer dependent for income on the

steady employment by nobility but relied instead on the

support of the public and the patronage of individuals

bull Music was seen less as an occupation and more as a calling

bull Specialized training institutions (conservatories) replaced the

apprentice system of the church and the court

bull Women found more opportunities for musical expression

especially as performers but social and cultural barriers stilllimited their participation as composers

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4858

MUSICAL STYLE

bull Dynamic range is wider and there is a larger range of sound

bull There is a greater variety of instruments includingimproved or newly-invented wind instruments

bull Melodies are longer more dramatic and emotional

bull Tempos are more extreme

bull Harmonies are fuller often more dissonant

bull

Formal structures are expanded These are oftendetermined by the programmatic content of the piece

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4958

COMPOSERS

bull Brahms Johannes (1833-1897)

bull Chopin Frederic (1810-1901)

bull Schubert Franz (1797-1828)

bull Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844 ndash 1908)

Wedding March Richard Wagner

Nocturne in C Sharp Minor Frederic Chopin

Flight of the Bumblebee (from The Tale of Tsar Saltan)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4858

MUSICAL STYLE

bull Dynamic range is wider and there is a larger range of sound

bull There is a greater variety of instruments includingimproved or newly-invented wind instruments

bull Melodies are longer more dramatic and emotional

bull Tempos are more extreme

bull Harmonies are fuller often more dissonant

bull

Formal structures are expanded These are oftendetermined by the programmatic content of the piece

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4958

COMPOSERS

bull Brahms Johannes (1833-1897)

bull Chopin Frederic (1810-1901)

bull Schubert Franz (1797-1828)

bull Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844 ndash 1908)

Wedding March Richard Wagner

Nocturne in C Sharp Minor Frederic Chopin

Flight of the Bumblebee (from The Tale of Tsar Saltan)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 4958

COMPOSERS

bull Brahms Johannes (1833-1897)

bull Chopin Frederic (1810-1901)

bull Schubert Franz (1797-1828)

bull Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844 ndash 1908)

Wedding March Richard Wagner

Nocturne in C Sharp Minor Frederic Chopin

Flight of the Bumblebee (from The Tale of Tsar Saltan)

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5058

20th Century Music

1900 - present

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5158

HISTORICAL THEMESbull Phenomenal changes in

technology

We live in a century that hasmoved from the earliestautomobiles to supersonic jetsand space travel Science hasprogressed at a rate unthinkable

to earlier generations We havelearned how to eradicate some of the most dangerous of diseasesand to predict and control theforces of nature We possess the

technological ability to controlnearly every aspect of our livesAnd we also have developed thetools to end all life in an instant

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5258

bull

The advent of instantaneous global

communication

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5358

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Ambivalent Attitudes toward the Musical Past

Some composers have made the conscious

decision to distance themselves from the styles

and values of the pastbull Claude Debussy said The century of the airplane

ought to have its own music

bull

Other composers have just as consciously tried toreturn to some aspects of the past especially the

elements of the Classical style

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5458

bull A Widening Gap betweenArt and Popular Music

Popular music especially jazzcountry and rock became thecentral musical focus of themajority of people in theWestern world and its reachcovers the globe

bull Composers in the arttraditions have come to beseen as less relevant in day-to-day life

bull

Composers whose music hasbecome more and morecomplex have widened the gapbetween art and popularmusic

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5558

bull The Advent of Sound

Recording The distribution of music

made possible by recordingwas instrumental in thegrowth of popular styles

bull Recordings have changed the

way we listen to music Worksfrom all musical periods areavailable at any time

bull The techniques of recording

and audio production havebecome important musicalelements in their own right

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5658

bull

The Birth of a World Music Culture Western music popular as well as art traditions hasbecome a world language

bull At the same time Western musicians have become moreand more interested in the music of other cultures

Western composers with non-Western ancestry havelikewise sought out the music of their heritage

bull Non-Western ideas have enriched Western styles and havebeen accepted enthusiastically

bull In the age of global communication a new world music

style is starting to emerge This style freely mixes elementsfrom multiple cultures and is not dependent on theheritage of its creator

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5758

MUSICAL STYLE

bull MUSICAL STYLE

All sounds are possible (even no sounds)

bull New instruments and the sounds of popular music have changedthe soundscape of the twentieth century

bull

Contrapuntal textures prevail in art traditions Popular traditions arecentered on homophonic textures

bull Rhythmic language can be enormously complex

bull Melodies can be long and abstract or reduced to small gestures

bull Any harmonic combination is possible Composers have made useof extreme dissonance as well as microtonal intervals

bull Form can be controlled to an almost infinite degree or it may bethe result of improvisation and chance

MUSIC 20TH CENT Duke_Ellington_-_02_-_September_Song

Mind Education Misty Eyes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5158

HISTORICAL THEMESbull Phenomenal changes in

technology

We live in a century that hasmoved from the earliestautomobiles to supersonic jetsand space travel Science hasprogressed at a rate unthinkable

to earlier generations We havelearned how to eradicate some of the most dangerous of diseasesand to predict and control theforces of nature We possess the

technological ability to controlnearly every aspect of our livesAnd we also have developed thetools to end all life in an instant

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5258

bull

The advent of instantaneous global

communication

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5358

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Ambivalent Attitudes toward the Musical Past

Some composers have made the conscious

decision to distance themselves from the styles

and values of the pastbull Claude Debussy said The century of the airplane

ought to have its own music

bull

Other composers have just as consciously tried toreturn to some aspects of the past especially the

elements of the Classical style

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5458

bull A Widening Gap betweenArt and Popular Music

Popular music especially jazzcountry and rock became thecentral musical focus of themajority of people in theWestern world and its reachcovers the globe

bull Composers in the arttraditions have come to beseen as less relevant in day-to-day life

bull

Composers whose music hasbecome more and morecomplex have widened the gapbetween art and popularmusic

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5558

bull The Advent of Sound

Recording The distribution of music

made possible by recordingwas instrumental in thegrowth of popular styles

bull Recordings have changed the

way we listen to music Worksfrom all musical periods areavailable at any time

bull The techniques of recording

and audio production havebecome important musicalelements in their own right

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5658

bull

The Birth of a World Music Culture Western music popular as well as art traditions hasbecome a world language

bull At the same time Western musicians have become moreand more interested in the music of other cultures

Western composers with non-Western ancestry havelikewise sought out the music of their heritage

bull Non-Western ideas have enriched Western styles and havebeen accepted enthusiastically

bull In the age of global communication a new world music

style is starting to emerge This style freely mixes elementsfrom multiple cultures and is not dependent on theheritage of its creator

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5758

MUSICAL STYLE

bull MUSICAL STYLE

All sounds are possible (even no sounds)

bull New instruments and the sounds of popular music have changedthe soundscape of the twentieth century

bull

Contrapuntal textures prevail in art traditions Popular traditions arecentered on homophonic textures

bull Rhythmic language can be enormously complex

bull Melodies can be long and abstract or reduced to small gestures

bull Any harmonic combination is possible Composers have made useof extreme dissonance as well as microtonal intervals

bull Form can be controlled to an almost infinite degree or it may bethe result of improvisation and chance

MUSIC 20TH CENT Duke_Ellington_-_02_-_September_Song

Mind Education Misty Eyes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5258

bull

The advent of instantaneous global

communication

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5358

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Ambivalent Attitudes toward the Musical Past

Some composers have made the conscious

decision to distance themselves from the styles

and values of the pastbull Claude Debussy said The century of the airplane

ought to have its own music

bull

Other composers have just as consciously tried toreturn to some aspects of the past especially the

elements of the Classical style

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5458

bull A Widening Gap betweenArt and Popular Music

Popular music especially jazzcountry and rock became thecentral musical focus of themajority of people in theWestern world and its reachcovers the globe

bull Composers in the arttraditions have come to beseen as less relevant in day-to-day life

bull

Composers whose music hasbecome more and morecomplex have widened the gapbetween art and popularmusic

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5558

bull The Advent of Sound

Recording The distribution of music

made possible by recordingwas instrumental in thegrowth of popular styles

bull Recordings have changed the

way we listen to music Worksfrom all musical periods areavailable at any time

bull The techniques of recording

and audio production havebecome important musicalelements in their own right

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5658

bull

The Birth of a World Music Culture Western music popular as well as art traditions hasbecome a world language

bull At the same time Western musicians have become moreand more interested in the music of other cultures

Western composers with non-Western ancestry havelikewise sought out the music of their heritage

bull Non-Western ideas have enriched Western styles and havebeen accepted enthusiastically

bull In the age of global communication a new world music

style is starting to emerge This style freely mixes elementsfrom multiple cultures and is not dependent on theheritage of its creator

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5758

MUSICAL STYLE

bull MUSICAL STYLE

All sounds are possible (even no sounds)

bull New instruments and the sounds of popular music have changedthe soundscape of the twentieth century

bull

Contrapuntal textures prevail in art traditions Popular traditions arecentered on homophonic textures

bull Rhythmic language can be enormously complex

bull Melodies can be long and abstract or reduced to small gestures

bull Any harmonic combination is possible Composers have made useof extreme dissonance as well as microtonal intervals

bull Form can be controlled to an almost infinite degree or it may bethe result of improvisation and chance

MUSIC 20TH CENT Duke_Ellington_-_02_-_September_Song

Mind Education Misty Eyes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5358

MUSICAL CONTEXT

bull Ambivalent Attitudes toward the Musical Past

Some composers have made the conscious

decision to distance themselves from the styles

and values of the pastbull Claude Debussy said The century of the airplane

ought to have its own music

bull

Other composers have just as consciously tried toreturn to some aspects of the past especially the

elements of the Classical style

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5458

bull A Widening Gap betweenArt and Popular Music

Popular music especially jazzcountry and rock became thecentral musical focus of themajority of people in theWestern world and its reachcovers the globe

bull Composers in the arttraditions have come to beseen as less relevant in day-to-day life

bull

Composers whose music hasbecome more and morecomplex have widened the gapbetween art and popularmusic

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5558

bull The Advent of Sound

Recording The distribution of music

made possible by recordingwas instrumental in thegrowth of popular styles

bull Recordings have changed the

way we listen to music Worksfrom all musical periods areavailable at any time

bull The techniques of recording

and audio production havebecome important musicalelements in their own right

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5658

bull

The Birth of a World Music Culture Western music popular as well as art traditions hasbecome a world language

bull At the same time Western musicians have become moreand more interested in the music of other cultures

Western composers with non-Western ancestry havelikewise sought out the music of their heritage

bull Non-Western ideas have enriched Western styles and havebeen accepted enthusiastically

bull In the age of global communication a new world music

style is starting to emerge This style freely mixes elementsfrom multiple cultures and is not dependent on theheritage of its creator

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5758

MUSICAL STYLE

bull MUSICAL STYLE

All sounds are possible (even no sounds)

bull New instruments and the sounds of popular music have changedthe soundscape of the twentieth century

bull

Contrapuntal textures prevail in art traditions Popular traditions arecentered on homophonic textures

bull Rhythmic language can be enormously complex

bull Melodies can be long and abstract or reduced to small gestures

bull Any harmonic combination is possible Composers have made useof extreme dissonance as well as microtonal intervals

bull Form can be controlled to an almost infinite degree or it may bethe result of improvisation and chance

MUSIC 20TH CENT Duke_Ellington_-_02_-_September_Song

Mind Education Misty Eyes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5458

bull A Widening Gap betweenArt and Popular Music

Popular music especially jazzcountry and rock became thecentral musical focus of themajority of people in theWestern world and its reachcovers the globe

bull Composers in the arttraditions have come to beseen as less relevant in day-to-day life

bull

Composers whose music hasbecome more and morecomplex have widened the gapbetween art and popularmusic

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5558

bull The Advent of Sound

Recording The distribution of music

made possible by recordingwas instrumental in thegrowth of popular styles

bull Recordings have changed the

way we listen to music Worksfrom all musical periods areavailable at any time

bull The techniques of recording

and audio production havebecome important musicalelements in their own right

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5658

bull

The Birth of a World Music Culture Western music popular as well as art traditions hasbecome a world language

bull At the same time Western musicians have become moreand more interested in the music of other cultures

Western composers with non-Western ancestry havelikewise sought out the music of their heritage

bull Non-Western ideas have enriched Western styles and havebeen accepted enthusiastically

bull In the age of global communication a new world music

style is starting to emerge This style freely mixes elementsfrom multiple cultures and is not dependent on theheritage of its creator

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5758

MUSICAL STYLE

bull MUSICAL STYLE

All sounds are possible (even no sounds)

bull New instruments and the sounds of popular music have changedthe soundscape of the twentieth century

bull

Contrapuntal textures prevail in art traditions Popular traditions arecentered on homophonic textures

bull Rhythmic language can be enormously complex

bull Melodies can be long and abstract or reduced to small gestures

bull Any harmonic combination is possible Composers have made useof extreme dissonance as well as microtonal intervals

bull Form can be controlled to an almost infinite degree or it may bethe result of improvisation and chance

MUSIC 20TH CENT Duke_Ellington_-_02_-_September_Song

Mind Education Misty Eyes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5558

bull The Advent of Sound

Recording The distribution of music

made possible by recordingwas instrumental in thegrowth of popular styles

bull Recordings have changed the

way we listen to music Worksfrom all musical periods areavailable at any time

bull The techniques of recording

and audio production havebecome important musicalelements in their own right

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5658

bull

The Birth of a World Music Culture Western music popular as well as art traditions hasbecome a world language

bull At the same time Western musicians have become moreand more interested in the music of other cultures

Western composers with non-Western ancestry havelikewise sought out the music of their heritage

bull Non-Western ideas have enriched Western styles and havebeen accepted enthusiastically

bull In the age of global communication a new world music

style is starting to emerge This style freely mixes elementsfrom multiple cultures and is not dependent on theheritage of its creator

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5758

MUSICAL STYLE

bull MUSICAL STYLE

All sounds are possible (even no sounds)

bull New instruments and the sounds of popular music have changedthe soundscape of the twentieth century

bull

Contrapuntal textures prevail in art traditions Popular traditions arecentered on homophonic textures

bull Rhythmic language can be enormously complex

bull Melodies can be long and abstract or reduced to small gestures

bull Any harmonic combination is possible Composers have made useof extreme dissonance as well as microtonal intervals

bull Form can be controlled to an almost infinite degree or it may bethe result of improvisation and chance

MUSIC 20TH CENT Duke_Ellington_-_02_-_September_Song

Mind Education Misty Eyes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5658

bull

The Birth of a World Music Culture Western music popular as well as art traditions hasbecome a world language

bull At the same time Western musicians have become moreand more interested in the music of other cultures

Western composers with non-Western ancestry havelikewise sought out the music of their heritage

bull Non-Western ideas have enriched Western styles and havebeen accepted enthusiastically

bull In the age of global communication a new world music

style is starting to emerge This style freely mixes elementsfrom multiple cultures and is not dependent on theheritage of its creator

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5758

MUSICAL STYLE

bull MUSICAL STYLE

All sounds are possible (even no sounds)

bull New instruments and the sounds of popular music have changedthe soundscape of the twentieth century

bull

Contrapuntal textures prevail in art traditions Popular traditions arecentered on homophonic textures

bull Rhythmic language can be enormously complex

bull Melodies can be long and abstract or reduced to small gestures

bull Any harmonic combination is possible Composers have made useof extreme dissonance as well as microtonal intervals

bull Form can be controlled to an almost infinite degree or it may bethe result of improvisation and chance

MUSIC 20TH CENT Duke_Ellington_-_02_-_September_Song

Mind Education Misty Eyes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5758

MUSICAL STYLE

bull MUSICAL STYLE

All sounds are possible (even no sounds)

bull New instruments and the sounds of popular music have changedthe soundscape of the twentieth century

bull

Contrapuntal textures prevail in art traditions Popular traditions arecentered on homophonic textures

bull Rhythmic language can be enormously complex

bull Melodies can be long and abstract or reduced to small gestures

bull Any harmonic combination is possible Composers have made useof extreme dissonance as well as microtonal intervals

bull Form can be controlled to an almost infinite degree or it may bethe result of improvisation and chance

MUSIC 20TH CENT Duke_Ellington_-_02_-_September_Song

Mind Education Misty Eyes

842019 007_History of Music(Ed)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull007history-of-musiced 5858