002 - modals - yds

IF YAYINLARIGRAMMAR PACK - 2

modals

IFYAYINLARI‐GRAMMARPACK–2|MODALS

1

1. CAN&BEABLETO........................................................................................................................................................................2

2. COULD.................................................................................................................................................................................................3

3. MUST...................................................................................................................................................................................................4

4. HAVETO.............................................................................................................................................................................................5

5. SHOULD..............................................................................................................................................................................................6

6. HADBETTER....................................................................................................................................................................................7

7. MAY......................................................................................................................................................................................................8

8. MIGHT.................................................................................................................................................................................................9

9. PERFECTMODALS......................................................................................................................................................................10

10. WOULD.......................................................................................................................................................................................11

11. USEDTO.....................................................................................................................................................................................12

12. REVISION...................................................................................................................................................................................13


2

1. CAN&BEABLETO

Kullanımı OlumluYapılar1.=Present2.=Past3.=Future

Olumsuzyapılar1.=Present2.=Past3.=Future

CANGENELYETENEK

1. IcanspeakChinese.

2. "COULD"adönerIcouldspeakChinesewhenIwasakid.

3. "BEABLETO"yadönerIwillbeabletospeakChinesebythetimeIfinishmycourse.

1.Ican'tspeakSwahili.

2."COULD"adönerIcouldn'tspeakSwahili.

3."BEABLETO"yadönerIwon'tbeabletospeakSwahili.

CANÖZELBİRDURUMDA

ZORLUĞUN

ÜSTESİNDEN

GELİRKEN

1.Withaburstofadrenaline,peoplecanpickupcars.

2."BEABLETO"yadönerWithasuddenburstofadrenaline,hewasabletoliftthecaroffthechild'sleg.

3."BEABLETO"yadönerWithasuddenburstofadrenaline,hewillbeabletoliftthecar.

1.Evenwithaburstofadrenaline,peoplecan'tpickupsomethingthatheavy.

2."BEABLETO"yadönerEventheweightlifter,couldn'tliftthecaroffthechild'sleg.

3."BEABLETO"yadönerEventhreemenworkingtogetherwon'tbeabletoliftthecar.

CANİMKAN,FIRSAT

1.Ihavesomefreetime.Icanhelphernow.

2."BEABLETO"yadönerIhadsomefreetimeyesterday.Iwasabletohelpheratthattime.

3.I'llhavesomefreetimetomorrow.Icanhelpherthen.

1.Idon'thaveanytime.Ican'thelpher now.

2."BEABLETO"yadönerIdidn'thavetimeyesterday.Iwasn'tabletohelpheratthattime.

3.Iwon'thaveanytimelater.Ican'thelpherthen.

CANİZİN

1.IcandriveSusan'scarwhensheisoutoftown.

2."BEALLOWEDTO"yadönerIwasallowedtodriveSusan'scarwhileshewasoutoftownlastweek.

3.IcandriveSusan'scarwhilesheisoutoftownnextweek.

1.Ican'tdriveSusan'scarwhensheisoutoftown.

2."BEALLOWEDTO"yadönerIwasn'tallowedtodriveSusan'scarwhileshewasoutoftownlastweek.

3.Ican'tdriveSusan'scarwhilesheisoutoftownnextweek.

CANRİCA

CanIhaveaglassofwater?Canyougivemealifttoschool?

RİCALARGENELLİKLEYAKINGELECEĞİİŞARETEDERLER.

Can'tIhaveaglassofwater?Can'tyougivemealifttoschool?


CANİHTİMAL

Anyonecanbecomerichandfamousiftheyknowtherightpeople.

Learningalanguagecanbearealchallenge.

BUGENELDEBİRGENELLEMEYADAVARSAYIMDIR.

Itcan'tcostmorethanadollarortwo. Youcan'tbe45!Ithoughtyouwereabout18

yearsold.

BUGENELDEBİRGENELLEMEYADAVARSAYIMDIR.


3

2. COULD

Kullanımı OlumluYapılar1.=Present2.=Past

3.=Future

Olumsuzyapılar1.=Present2.=Past

3.=Future

AyrıcaKullanılabilir.

COULDİHTİMAL

1.Johncouldbetheonewhostolethemoney.2.Johncouldhavebeentheonewhostolethemoney.3.Johncouldgotojailforstealingthemoney.

1.Marycouldn'tbetheonewhostolethemoney.2.Marycouldn'thavebeentheonewhostolethemoney.3.Marycouldn'tpossiblygotojailforthecrime.

might,may

COULDIFCLAUSEKULLANIMI

1.IfIhadmoretime,Icouldtravelaroundtheworld.2.IfIhadhadmoretime,Icouldhavetraveledaroundtheworld.3.IfIhadmoretimethiswinter,Icouldtravelaroundtheworld.

1.EvenifIhadmoretime,Icouldn'ttravelaroundtheworld.2.EvenifIhadhadmoretime,Icouldn'thavetraveledaroundtheworld.3.EvenifIhadmoretimethiswinter,Icouldn'ttravelaroundtheworld.

COULDÖNERİ

1.PresentFormuyoktur.2.YoucouldhavespentyourvacationinHawaii.3.YoucouldspendyourvacationinHawaii.

Negativeformuyoktur.

COULDGEÇMİŞYETENEK

Icouldruntenmilesinmytwenties.IcouldspeakChinesewhenIwasakid.

"COULD"GEÇMİŞEYÖNELİKOLARAKBİRKEREDEGÖSTERDİĞİNİZYETENEİĞİNİZİBETİMLERKENKULLANILAMAZ.

Yesterday,IcouldBEABLETOliftthecouchbymyself.YANLIŞ

Icouldn'trunmorethanamileinmytwenties.Icouldn'tspeakSwahili.

"COULD"GEÇMİŞEYÖNELİKOLARAKBİRKEREDEGÖSTERDİĞİNİZYETENEİĞİNİZİBETİMLERKENKULLANILAMAZ.

Yesterday,Icouldn'tliftthecouchbymyself.DOĞRU

beableto

COULDKİBARRİCA

CouldIhavesomethingtodrink?CouldIborrowyourstapler?BUGENELDEBİRGENELLEMEYADAVARSAYIMDIR.

Couldn'thecomewithus?Couldn'tyouhelpmewiththisforjustasecond?BUGENELDEBİRGENELLEMEYADAVARSAYIMDIR.

can,may,might


4

3. MUST


3.=Future


3.=Future


MUSTKESİNLİK

1.ThatmustbeJerry.Theysaidhewastallwithbrightredhair.

2.Thatmusthavebeentherightrestaurant.Therearenootherrestaurantsonthisstreet.

3.Gelecekyapısıyoktur.

1.ThatmustnotbeJerry.Heissupposedtohaveredhair.

2.Thatmustnothavebeentherightrestaurant.Iguessthereisanotheronearoundheresomewhere.

3.Gelecekyapısıyoktur.

haveto

MUSTNOTYASAKLAMA

Youmustnotswiminthatriver.It'sfullofcrocodiles.

Youmustnotforgettotakeyourmalariamedicationwhileyourareinthetropics.

YASAKLAMAGENELOLARAKYAKINGELECEĞEİŞARETEDER.

MUSTGÜÇLÜTAVSİYE

(USAkullanımıdahaziyadeSHOULD'dur

1.Youmusttakesometimeoffandgetsomerest.

2."SHOULD"adönerYoushouldhavetakensometimeofflastweektogetsomerest.

3."SHOULD"adönerYoushouldtakesometimeoffnextweektogetsomerest.

1.Youmustn'tdrinksomuch.It'snotgoodforyourhealth.

2."SHOULD"adönerYoushouldn'thavedrunksomuch.Thatcausedtheaccident.

3."SHOULD"adönerYoushouldn'tdrinkattheparty.Youaregoingtobethedesignateddriver.

should

MUSTGEREKLİLİK

(USAkullanımıdahaziyadeHAVETO'dur

1.Youmusthaveapermittoenterthenationalpark.

2."HAVETO"yadönerWehadtohaveapermittoenterthepark.

3.Wemustgetapermittoentertheparknextweek.

1."HAVETO" yadönerWedon'thavetogetapermittoenterthenationalpark.

2."HAVETO"yadönerWedidn'thavetogetapermittoenterthenationalpark.

3."HAVETO"yadönerWewon'thavetogetapermittoenterthenationalpark.

haveto


5

4. HAVETO


3.=Future


3.=Future

Ayrıca

Kullanılabilir.

HAVETO

KESİNLİK

(BUANLAMLAMUSTDAHASIKLIKLA

KARŞIMIZA

ÇIKMAKTADIR.)

1.ThathastobeJerry.Theysaidhewastallwithbrightredhair.

2.Thathastohavebeentherightrestaurant.Therewerenootherrestaurantsonthestreet.

3.Yoktur

1."MUST" adönerThatmustnotbeJerry.Theysaidhehasblondhair,notredhair.

2."MUST"adönerThatmustnothavebeentherightrestaurant.Iguesstherewasanotheronearoundtheresomewhere.

3.Yoktur

must,havegotto

HAVETO

GEREKLİLİK&ZORUNLULUK

1.Shehastoreadfourbooksforthisliteratureclass.

2.Shehadtofinishthefirstbookbeforethemidterm.

3.Shewillhavetofinishtheotherbooksbeforethefinalexam.

1.Shedoesn'thavetoread"GrapesofWrath."It'soptionalreadingforextracredit.

2.Shedidn'thavetowriteacritiqueof"TheScarletLetter."Shehadtogiveapresentationtoherclass.

3.Shewon'thavetotakeanyotherliteratureclasses.AmericanLiterature101istheonlyrequiredcourse.

must

UNUTMA:"Donothaveto"vs."Mustnot""Donothaveto"birşeyinyapılmakzorundaolunmadığınıifadeederken"Mustnot"isbirşeyiyapanınyasakolduğunuanlatır.

Examples:

Youmustnoteatthat.YASAKTIR,İZİNVERİLMEZ

Youdon'thavetoeatthat.EĞERİSTERSENYİYEBİLİRSİN,ZORUNLUDEĞİL.


6

5. SHOULD


3.=Future


3.=Future


SHOULDTAVSİYE,ÖĞÜT

1.Peoplewithhighcholesterolshouldeatlow‐fatfoods.

2.Frankshouldhaveeatenlow‐fatfoods.Thatmighthavepreventedhisheartattack.

3.Youreallyshouldstarteatingbetter.

1.Sarahshouldn'tsmokesomuch.It'snotgoodforherhealth.

2.Sarahshouldn'thavesmokedsomuch.That'swhatcausedherhealthproblems.

3.Sarahshouldn'tsmokewhenshevisitsMarthanextweek.Marthahateswhenpeoplesmokeinherhouse.

oughtto

SHOULDDIŞARIDAN

GELEN

BEKLENTİ

Ishouldbeatworkbefore9:00.

Weshouldreturnthevideobeforethevideorentalstorecloses.

"SHOULD"ÖĞÜTİLEZORUNLULUKARASINDABİRANLAMDAİFADEEDEBİLİR.

"BESUPPOSEDTO"İSEBENZERBİRANLAMİFADEEDER;PASTFORMLARDAVEYAOLUMSUZYAPILARDAKOLAYLIKLAKULLANILABİLİR.

NEGATIVEFORMUYOKTUR.

besupposedto/beto

SHOULDBEKLENTİ

1.SusanshouldbeinNewYorkbynow.

2.SusanshouldhavearrivedinNewYorklastweek.Let'scallherandseewhatsheisupto.

3.SusanshouldbeinNewYorkbynextweek.HernewjobstartsonMonday.

1.Susanshouldn'tbeinNewYorkyet.

2.Susanshouldn'thavearrivedinNewYorkuntilyesterday.

3.Susanshouldn'tarriveinNewYorkuntilnextweek.

oughtto,besupposedto


7

6. HADBETTER


3.=Future


3.=Future


HADBETTERÇOKGÜÇLÜTAVSİYE

1."SHOULD"veya"OUGHTTO"yadönerPeopleshouldunplugtoastersbeforetheycleanthem.

2."SHOULDHAVE"veya"OUGHTTOHAVE"yadönerYoushouldhaveunpluggedthetoasterbeforeyoutriedtocleanit.

3.Youhadbetterunplugthetoasterbeforeyoutrytocleanit.

1."SHOULD" veya "OUGHTTO"yadönerPeopleshouldn'tcleantoasterswithoutunpluggingthemfirst.

"SHOULDHAVE"veya"OUGHTTOHAVE"yadönerYoushouldn'thavecleanedthetoasterwithoutunpluggingitfirst.

3.Youhadbetternotcleanthetoasteruntilyouunplugit.

should,oughtto

HADBETTERÇOKGÜÇLÜUYARI,GİZLİTEHDİT

Themoviehadbetterendsoon.

Theyhadbetterbeherebeforewestartdinner.

Theyhadbetternotbelate.

TheyhadbetternotforgetTom'sbirthdaygift.

Or / otherwise

(otherwise cümle sonu “aksini”)


8

7. MAY


3.=Future


3.=Future


MAYİHTİMAL

1.Jackmaybeupset.Ican'treallytellifheisannoyedortired.

2.Jackmayhavebeenupset.Icouldn'treallytellifhewasannoyedortired.

3.Jackmaygetupsetifyoudon'ttellhimthetruth.

1.Jackmaynotbeupset.Perhapsheistired.

2.Jackmaynothavebeenupset.Perhapshewastired.

3.Jackmaynotgetupset,evenifyoutellhimthetruth

might

MAYİZİN

1.Youmayleavethetablenowthatyou'refinishedwithyourdinner.

2."BEALLOWEDTO"adönerYouwereallowedtoleavethetableafteryoufinishedyourdinner.

3.Youmayleavethetablewhenyoufinishyourdinner.

1.Youmaynotleavethetable.You'renotfinishedwithyourdinneryet.

2."BEALLOWEDTO"adönerYouwerenotallowedtoleavethetablebecauseyouhadn'tfinishedyourdinner.

3.Youmaynotleavethetableuntilyouarefinishedwithyourdinner.

can

MAYRİCAİZİN

MayIborrowyoureraser?

MayImakeaphonecall?


NEGATİVEFORMUYOKTUR can,might


9

8. MIGHT

Kullanımı OlumluYapılar1.=Present2.=Past3.=Future

Olumsuzyapılar1.=Present2.=Past3.=Future

Ayrıca

Kullanılabilir.

MIGHTİHTİMAL

1.Shemightbeonthebus.Ithinkhercarishavingproblems.

2.Shemighthavetakenthebus.I'mnotsurehowshegottowork.

3.Shemighttakethebustogethome.Idon'tthinkBillwillbeabletogiveheraride.

1.Shemightnotbeonthebus.Shemightbewalkinghome.

2.Shemightnothavetakenthebus.Shemighthavewalkedhome.

3.Shemightnottakethebus.ShemightgetaridefromBill.

could,may

MIGHTIFCLUASEKULLANIMI

1.IfIenteredthecontest,Imightactuallywin.

2.IfIhadenteredthecontest,Imightactuallyhavewon.

3.IfIenteredthecontesttomorrow,Imightactuallywin.Unfortunately,Ican'tenterit.

1.EvenifIenteredthecontest,Imightnotwin.

2.EvenifIhadenteredthecontest,Imightnothavewon.

3.EvenifIenteredthecontesttomorrow,Imightnotwin.

MIGHTRİCA

(UKİngilizcesikulanımı)

MightIhavesomethingtodrink?

MightIborrowthestapler?


NEGATİVEKULLANIMIÇOKNADİRDİR.

could,may,can

UNUTMA: "Could not" vs. "Might not" "Could not" birşeyin olmasının mümkün olmadığı durumları anlatırken "Might not" ise olup olmadığını bilmediğimiz durumları ifade eder. Örnekler;

Jack might not have the key. MAYBE HE DOES NOT HAVE THE KEY.

Jack could not have the key. IT İS İMPOSSİBLE THAT HE HAS THE KEY.


10

9. PERFECTMODALS

Kullanımı Anlam Örnekler Ayrıcakullanılabilir.

SHOULDHAVEDONE

Yapılmalıydıamayapılmadı

SusanshouldhavearrivedinNewYorklastweek.Let'scallherandseewhatsheisupto

SHOULDN'THAVEDONE

Yapılmamalıydıamayapıldı

Youshouldn'thavebeensofrankwithhim.

MUSTHAVEDONE

KesinyapılmıştırHemusthaveknownhowmuchitwasgoingtocost.

CAN'THAVEDONE

Kesinyapılmamıştır

A:"IheardthatSuzygotcaughtshopliftingyesterdayafternoon"

B:"Shecan'thavedoneit.SheandIwereatthemoviesallafternoon"

NEEDN'THAVEDONE

Yapılmasınagerekyoktuamayapıldı

Ineedn'thavepreparedallthatfood,becausetheyphonemetosaytheywouldn'tcome.

COULDHAVEDONE

Yapılabilirdiamayapılmadı

IcouldhavepassedmydrivingtestifI'dreallytried.

COULDN'THAVEDONE

İstenseydideyapılamazdı

Icouldn'tpossiblyhavepassedmydrivingtest,evenifI'dtriedharder.

MAYHAVEDONE

YapılmıştaolabilirYapılmamışta

Hemaynothavefoundoutyetthathehaspassedthetest.


11

10. WOULD

WOULD

PASTHABITX

USEDTO

•Geçmiştealışkanlıkolarakyapılmışyadatekraredilmişeylemlerinanlatımındakullanılır.

•USEDTOdurumifadesindedekullanılabilirkenWOULDsadecehareketbildireneylemlerinifadesindekullanılabilir.

Mygrandparentswouldusecandlestoilluminatetheirroom.

OttomanswouldorganizecampaignstoBalkanstoenlargetheirterritory.

IF •IF/CONDITIONALSTYPE2veTYPE3içindekullanılır.

Ifyouapprovedourourdesicions,Therewouldn’tbeanyconflictbetweenthedeputies.

IfSupporttroopshad’tarrivedinKing’sLandingontime,enemywouldhaveplunderedalthecity.

REPORTEDSPEECH

•SAIDveTOLDifadelerindensonrageçmiştekigelecekanlatımını(futureinthepast)durumlarıifadeederkenkullanılır.

KemaltoldmethatCarolwouldadmitallcrimesofthegangjustaftergettingpromiseofbeingfree.

OTHERS

•WOULDRATHER/PREFER

•WOULDYOUMIND(GERUND/IFT2)

•WOULD+ADJECTIVE

Iwouldratherstayathomethanworktoday.

Iwouldrathermydaughterdidn’tgetmarrytothisguy.

Iwouldratherhavelistenedtohimcarefully.

Iwouldprefertobeswimminginthepoolratherthanansweringalltheapplicante‐mailsnow.

Wouldyoumindpassingthesalt?(CANYOU?)

WouldyoumindIfIusedyourphone?(CANI?)

Iwouldbeamazing!(OLURDUanlamındakullanılır.)


12

11. USEDTOA. USEDTOgenelolarakalışkanlıklarınanlatımındakullanılmaktadır.

B. SadeceUSEDTOkullanılarakeldeedilencümlelergeçmişteyeralanalışkanlıklarınanlatımınıifadeeder.

C. AşağıdayeralandiğerUSEDTOkullanımlarınadikkatedelim.

USEDTO

ACCUSTOMEDTO

Turkishraidersusedtoattackneighborterritoriesatregularintervals.

GETUSEDTO Youhadbettergetusedtodrivingontheleftoffthewayinthe

UK.

BEUSEDTO

Iamusedtothesekindofrituelsbecausetheyaresimilartoours.

Melekwillgetusedtogettingupearly.


13

12. REVISION1. AttheendoftheFirstWorldWar,the

leadersofvictoriouscountriesgatheredatVersailles,andthere,they‐‐‐‐todecidewhatpenaltiesGermany,Austriaandotherallies‐‐‐‐.

A) tried/wouldhavetopay

B) hadtried/musthavepaid

C) weretrying/werepaying

D) usedtotry/mighthavepaid

E) couldtry/shouldhavepaid

2. Insomecases,we‐‐‐‐sufficientdataonoldevents,notbecauseofalackofimaginationbutbecausetheappropriatetechnology‐‐‐‐availableatthetime.

A) wouldnothave/isnot

B) shouldnothave/hadnotbeen

C) didnothave/hasnotbeen

D) donothave/wasnot

E) couldnothave/willnotbe

3. Thetraditionofsculptinginclay‐‐‐‐asearlyasAD800,andultimatelyit‐‐‐‐asthepointofdepartureforrelatedworksthatwerecastinmetal.

A) shouldhavedeveloped/hasserved

B) hasdeveloped/hadserved

C) mayhavedeveloped/served

D) wouldhavedeveloped/willserve

E) couldhavedeveloped/willhaveserved

4. Oneofthegreatadvancesofastronomyoverrecentyears‐‐‐‐thediscoveryofplanetsoutsideoursolarsystem,anditisthefirstrealcluethatwe‐‐‐‐aloneintheuniverse.

A) isgoingtobe/mustn’tbe

B) is/werenot

C) hadbeen/willnotbe

D) was/wouldnotbe

E) hasbeen/maynotbe

5. Filmmusic‐‐‐‐significantinmanyways,ofcourse,butnotasmusic,whichiswhythepropositionthatbettercomposers‐‐‐‐betterfilmmusicisnotnecessarilytrue.

A) hadbeen/shallproduce

B) hasbeen/shouldhaveproduced

C) is/couldproduce

D) canbe/hadproduced

E) wouldbe/produced

6. Atthattime,sinceheraunt‐‐‐‐inthesameneighbourhoodshe‐‐‐‐heratleastonceaweek.

A) isliving/wouldvisit

B) haslived/hasvisited

C) lived/visits

D) wasliving/usedtovisit

E) lives/wasvisiting

002 - modals - yds

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