001 policepsy lecture02 - masarykova univerzita · interrogation assistance research and...

21.11.2012

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PSY469 Forensic and Police Psychology

� Police psychology framework and historyPolice psychology framework and historyPolice psychology framework and historyPolice psychology framework and history

� Psychological services of the Police of the Czech RepublicPsychological services of the Police of the Czech RepublicPsychological services of the Police of the Czech RepublicPsychological services of the Police of the Czech Republic

� Psychological AssessmentPsychological AssessmentPsychological AssessmentPsychological Assessment

� Psychological care for police officers and stress managementPsychological care for police officers and stress managementPsychological care for police officers and stress managementPsychological care for police officers and stress management

� Police officers in international peace operationsPolice officers in international peace operationsPolice officers in international peace operationsPolice officers in international peace operations

21.11.2012Introduction to police psychology 2

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Police officers Police officers Police officers Police officers

selectionselectionselectionselection

Testing and

interview

Fitness for duty Fitness for duty Fitness for duty Fitness for duty

evaluationevaluationevaluationevaluation

Testing and

interview

Consulting

and

intervention

Police officers Police officers Police officers Police officers

trainingtrainingtrainingtraining

/teaching/teaching/teaching/teaching

Stress and

anger

management

Communication

skills

Ethics

Victim support

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Personnel & Personnel & Personnel & Personnel &

Organizational Organizational Organizational Organizational

PsychologyPsychologyPsychologyPsychology

Police officers

selection

Police officers

selection

Organizational and

management

consulting

Organizational and

management

consulting

Police officers

training/teaching

Police officers

training/teaching

Health Care Health Care Health Care Health Care

PsychologyPsychologyPsychologyPsychology

Fitness for dutyFitness for duty

Stress and

anger

management

Stress and

anger

management

Consulting,

crisis

intervention,

psychotherapy

Consulting,

crisis

intervention,

psychotherapy

Counselling to

police officers

involved in

critical

incidents

Counselling to

police officers

involved in

critical

incidents

EmergingEmergingEmergingEmerging

Psychological

support (e.g.

counselling

and crisis

intervention)

for:

•crime victims

and survivors of

victims

•people affected

by disasters

(e..g. floods)

•people affected

by mass traffic

accident

Psychological

support (e.g.

counselling

and crisis

intervention)

for:

•crime victims

and survivors of

victims

•people affected

by disasters

(e..g. floods)

•people affected

by mass traffic

accident

Operational Operational Operational Operational

SupportSupportSupportSupport

Offender

profiling

Offender

profiling

Assistance to

crisis

negotiation

teams

Assistance to

crisis

negotiation

teams

Interrogation

assistance

Interrogation

assistance

Research and Research and Research and Research and

DevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment

Worldwide Czech Republic

� 1920s – first connection between police andpsychology

� first function of psychology – pre-employmentscreening

� psychological training

� 1960s in US

� in 1968 the Los Angeles Police Departmenthired a full-time psychologist

� new roles of police psychologist expanded:operational help in hostage negotiations,criminal personality profiling, domestic crisisintervention, crime scene analysis, andcounselling police officers regarding personalproblems inherent in police work

� 1960s – 1970s in Europe

� institutionalization of police psychology – firstpolice psychology services departments

� police officers selection

� police officers training

� research

� 1920s

� Selection of the members of the Gendarmerie andthe State Police by Psychotechnical Institute inPrague – stopped in1937

� 1960s

� The Criminalistic Institute in Prague hired firstpsychologists

� 1970s

� Police hired first psychologists for police officersselection and training


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� 1985 in US

� The first meeting of the PolicePsychological Services Committee tookplace at the 1985 IACP Annual Conferencein Houston, Texas (IACP= InternationalAssociation of Chiefs of Police)

� Conception of police psychologists role

� 1980s

� psychologists – public officials (cops) inall the Regional Police Directorates

� focused on personnel psychology

� 1990s

� personnel psychologist became civilemployees

� police officers selection, training andconsulting and counselling to officers

� 1993 established Psychology andSociology Department of The Ministry ofInterior

� System of Posttraumatic intervention carecreated (crisis intervention andcounselling to police officers involved incritical incidents)

� Birth of Assessment centre selection inpolice



� 2010 (EU)

� EMPEN - European medical and psychologicalexperts’ network for law enforcement

� 2009

� New Conception of Psychological Services in the

Police of the Czech Republic:

A) Framework – 3 pillars of psychological

services:

I. Psychological assessment

II. Psychological care for police officers

and employees

III. Psychological support of the police

Services

B) New structure:

� Civil employees (personnel

psychologists) – I. and II. pillar

� Public officials (cops) – II. and III. pillar

� 2010

� Member of the EMPEN


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� Network for medical, medico-legal andpsychological activities in the lawenforcement field

� Platform to exchange experiences and bestpractices

� Members:� Austria

� Czech Republic

� Cyprus

� Estonia

� Finland

� France

� Germany

� Greece

� Hungary

� Italy

� Latvia

� Lithuania

� Luxembourg

� Poland

� Portugal

� Slovakia

� Slovenia

Framework of police psychology by EMPENmembers:

1. PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

� Selection of entrants for generalservice, proficient police officers forspecial units and follow-up assessment

2. PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT/CARE FORPOLICE OFFICERS

� Psychological care

� Education and development

� Organisational and managementconsulting

3. PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT PROVIDED BYPOLICE SERVICES

� Victim care

� Operational support



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� 12/2009: New 12/2009: New 12/2009: New 12/2009: New Conception of Psychological Services in the Police of Conception of Psychological Services in the Police of Conception of Psychological Services in the Police of Conception of Psychological Services in the Police of the Czech the Czech the Czech the Czech RRRRepublicepublicepublicepublic

� 3 Pillars of the Psychological Services3 Pillars of the Psychological Services3 Pillars of the Psychological Services3 Pillars of the Psychological Services

I.I.I.I. Psychological assessmentPsychological assessmentPsychological assessmentPsychological assessment

II.II.II.II. Psychological care for police officers and employeesPsychological care for police officers and employeesPsychological care for police officers and employeesPsychological care for police officers and employees

III.III.III.III. Psychological support of the police ServicesPsychological support of the police ServicesPsychological support of the police ServicesPsychological support of the police Services

� Police psychologistsPolice psychologistsPolice psychologistsPolice psychologists

� Civil employees (personnel psychologists) Civil employees (personnel psychologists) Civil employees (personnel psychologists) Civil employees (personnel psychologists) –––– I. and II. pillarI. and II. pillarI. and II. pillarI. and II. pillar

� Public officials (cops) Public officials (cops) Public officials (cops) Public officials (cops) –––– II. and III. pillarII. and III. pillarII. and III. pillarII. and III. pillar


Police Presidium

Department of Chief

Psychologist

Police Presidium

Department of

Psychological Services

14 Regional Police

Directorates

Departments of

Psychological Services

Psychologists of Units

with republic-wide

competence


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Structure:Structure:Structure:Structure: Basic activities:Basic activities:Basic activities:Basic activities:

Chief Psychologist

Assistant of the

ChiefPsychologist

Head of Crisis

Intervention Group

Crisis Intervention

Group

Methodical worker

for Assessment

Centre

� Appellate body in personality capabilityassessment (handling requests forreview of conclusion)

� Methodical guidance for police psychologists and control activities

� Organizing educational and training activities for psychologists

� Methodical guidance and organising of Assessment centre

� Methodical guidance and coordination of system of crisis intervention

� Operation of non-stop helpline


� Personality Capability AssessmentPersonality Capability AssessmentPersonality Capability AssessmentPersonality Capability Assessment

◦ Police officers selection

◦ Special units and positions members selection

◦ International peace operations members selection

◦ Fitness for Duty evaluation

� Tests, Questionnaires, Interview

� PersonPersonPersonPersonnenenenel Selection Assessmentl Selection Assessmentl Selection Assessmentl Selection Assessment

o Police managers selection

o Special positions members selection

� Assessment centre – Model Tasks, Discussion

� Psychodiagnostic Assessment – Tests, Questionnaires, Interview

� Research and DevelopmentResearch and DevelopmentResearch and DevelopmentResearch and Development

� Police officers personality and behaviour studying

� Development of the Psychodiagnostic methods

psychologistpsychologistpsychologistpsychologistpsychologistpsychologistpsychologistpsychologist candidatecandidatecandidatecandidatecandidatecandidatecandidatecandidate

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� NonNonNonNon----stop Help Linestop Help Linestop Help Linestop Help Line (24/7)(24/7)(24/7)(24/7)

� Consulting and counselling

� Crisis Intervention

� Posttraumatic Intervention CarePosttraumatic Intervention CarePosttraumatic Intervention CarePosttraumatic Intervention Care

� Provided by the special trained police psychologists, officers, civil employees and clergies

� Other psychological care (provided by psychologists)Other psychological care (provided by psychologists)Other psychological care (provided by psychologists)Other psychological care (provided by psychologists)

� Individual consulting and counselling

� Crisis intervention

� Group intervention & team work; sociometry

� Psychotherapy

� Education & DevelopmentEducation & DevelopmentEducation & DevelopmentEducation & Development

� Communication skills

� Stress management

� Operational psychology

psycholo

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tp

sycholo

gis

tp

sycholo

gis

tp

sycholo

gis

tp

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gis

tp

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tp

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� Psychological support for crime victims and their nearsPsychological support for crime victims and their nearsPsychological support for crime victims and their nearsPsychological support for crime victims and their nears

◦ Counselling and crisis intervention provided by police psychologist and special trained team of crisis interventionists

◦ Next intervention provided by other organizations mediation

◦ Injury report communication

◦ Psychological support during interrogation

◦ Non-stop help line for crisis interventionists team

� Psychological support for affected by disasters or mass traffic accidentPsychological support for affected by disasters or mass traffic accidentPsychological support for affected by disasters or mass traffic accidentPsychological support for affected by disasters or mass traffic accidentssss

◦ Counselling and crisis intervention

• Coordination of the crisis interventionists team provided by Crisis Intervention Group

o Operational supportOperational supportOperational supportOperational support

� Interrogation assistance

� Offender profiling

� Threatening letters, messages or calls analyzing

psychologistpsychologistpsychologistpsychologistpsychologistpsychologistpsychologistpsychologist citizencitizencitizencitizencitizencitizencitizencitizen

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� What do the police and prison psychologists occupy by? What is thedifference of their activities?

� What knowledge, skills or competences do they need to their work?

� Do you see any risk related to the work of police and prison psychologists?

Anything to add or change?Anything to add or change?Anything to add or change?Anything to add or change?


� Personality Capability AssessmentPersonality Capability AssessmentPersonality Capability AssessmentPersonality Capability Assessment

� Assessment CentreAssessment CentreAssessment CentreAssessment Centre


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� Make groups of 5 or 6 people

� For five minutes discuss and write down

� You are police and prison psychologists. You have to makepsychological assessment to select the ‘best‘ officers andeliminate the applicants who are psychologically and mentallyunfit to serve. FirstFirstFirstFirst youyouyouyou shouldshouldshouldshould definedefinedefinedefine criteriacriteriacriteriacriteria ofofofof thethethethe personalitypersonalitypersonalitypersonalitycapabilitycapabilitycapabilitycapability.... TheTheTheThe followingfollowingfollowingfollowing questionsquestionsquestionsquestions mightmightmightmight helphelphelphelp:

� What qualities of police officers (applicants) are desirable/undesirable?What qualities of police officers (applicants) are desirable/undesirable?What qualities of police officers (applicants) are desirable/undesirable?What qualities of police officers (applicants) are desirable/undesirable?

� What qualities of prison officers are desirable/undesirable?What qualities of prison officers are desirable/undesirable?What qualities of prison officers are desirable/undesirable?What qualities of prison officers are desirable/undesirable?

� What is different (if anything)?What is different (if anything)?What is different (if anything)?What is different (if anything)?

� What kind of psychological methods would you use (e.g. What kind of psychological methods would you use (e.g. What kind of psychological methods would you use (e.g. What kind of psychological methods would you use (e.g. personality questionnaires, observation...)?personality questionnaires, observation...)?personality questionnaires, observation...)?personality questionnaires, observation...)?

� Choose who will present

� Present



usually usually usually usually

associatedassociatedassociatedassociated

with:with:with:with:

suspicious,

solidaristic,

conservative,

alienated and

thoroughly bigoted

(40 years ago)

machismo, bravery,

authoritarianism,

cynicism and

aggression (today)

desirable traitsdesirable traitsdesirable traitsdesirable traits::::

intelligence and

aptitude (early part of

the 20th century)

cognitive abilities +

personality traits, e.g.

emotional stability

(today)

undesirable traitsundesirable traitsundesirable traitsundesirable traits::::

hostility, lack of

impulse control,

potential for

alcohol and/or

substance abuse,

psychoses,

paranoia, etc.

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� totototo “weed“weed“weed“weed out”out”out”out” policepolicepolicepolice applicantsapplicantsapplicantsapplicants whowhowhowho areareareare psychologicallypsychologicallypsychologicallypsychologically andandandand

mentallymentallymentallymentally unfitunfitunfitunfit totototo serveserveserveserve becausebecausebecausebecause ofofofof thethethethe appearanceappearanceappearanceappearance ofofofof abnormalabnormalabnormalabnormal

personalitypersonalitypersonalitypersonality traitstraitstraitstraits andandandand deficienciesdeficienciesdeficienciesdeficiencies inininin psychometricpsychometricpsychometricpsychometric (e(e(e(e....gggg....,,,,

intelligence)intelligence)intelligence)intelligence) measuresmeasuresmeasuresmeasures (Ho,(Ho,(Ho,(Ho, 2001200120012001;;;; InInInIn.... TwerskyTwerskyTwerskyTwersky----GlasnerGlasnerGlasnerGlasner,,,, 2005200520052005))))

� totototo selectselectselectselect thethethethe candidatescandidatescandidatescandidates mostmostmostmost likelylikelylikelylikely totototo maintainmaintainmaintainmaintain psychologicalpsychologicalpsychologicalpsychological

fitnessfitnessfitnessfitness relativerelativerelativerelative totototo futurefuturefuturefuture jobjobjobjob performanceperformanceperformanceperformance ((((Barick&MountBarick&MountBarick&MountBarick&Mount,,,, 1991199119911991;;;; InInInIn....

TwerskyTwerskyTwerskyTwersky----GlasnerGlasnerGlasnerGlasner,,,, 2005200520052005))))


Psychological examination = personality capability assessmentPsychological examination = personality capability assessmentPsychological examination = personality capability assessmentPsychological examination = personality capability assessment

Psychological ExaminationPsychological ExaminationPsychological ExaminationPsychological Examination

� Observation

� Anamnestic questionnaire

� IQ/achievement tests – IQ, memory, concentration

� Personality tests – questionnaires, projective tests

� Interview

1. Psychological Examination1. Psychological Examination1. Psychological Examination1. Psychological Examination

2. Physical Ability Examination2. Physical Ability Examination2. Physical Ability Examination2. Physical Ability Examination

3. Medical Examination3. Medical Examination3. Medical Examination3. Medical Examination

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� intellect in average or above

� emotional stability

� psycho-socially accomplished

� stress resistance

� desirable motivation, attitudes and values

� without any voluntary processes deficiency

� without any cognitive processes deficiency

� without any self-regulation processes deficiency

� without undesirable aggression symptoms

� without psychopathological symptoms

21.11.2012Introduction to police psychology

Who must pass the personality capability assessment?Who must pass the personality capability assessment?Who must pass the personality capability assessment?Who must pass the personality capability assessment?

� All the applicants for admission to the Police of the CzechRepublic (citizens)

� The applicants for admission to some special units,positions (usually police officers) or international peaceoperations (police officers)

� Police officers in the case of suspicion of loss of thepersonality capability

AppealsAppealsAppealsAppeals

� Chief psychologist of the Police of the Czech Republic isthe appellate body in the personality capabilityassessment (handling requests for review of conclusion).


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**** personality capability assessment +other psychological assessmentpersonality capability assessment +other psychological assessmentpersonality capability assessment +other psychological assessmentpersonality capability assessment +other psychological assessment


� The model of AC from Great Britain

� In the Police of the Czech Republic since 1996199619961996

� Since 2008200820082008 is AC required as one of the methods in selection of managers (9 tariff class and above)

� Today:

� 98989898 active assessors (trained police officers and employees)

� 9999 supervisors

� In 2011, 24242424 ACs were organized

� In 2011, 191919194444 candidates passed the AC

� Model tasks, discussion


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� NonNonNonNon----stop Help Linestop Help Linestop Help Linestop Help Line



� General stress

� Cumulative stress

� Critical incident stress (CIS)

� Posttraumatic stress disorder (CIS)

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� Make groups of 5 or 6 people

� For five minutes discuss and write down

� Which stressors can affect police officers?Which stressors can affect police officers?Which stressors can affect police officers?Which stressors can affect police officers?

� Choose who will present

� Present


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Stressors Internal to the Police Organization:Stressors Internal to the Police Organization:Stressors Internal to the Police Organization:Stressors Internal to the Police Organization:� Poor supervision (too lenient/too tough) � Insufficient training� Absence of upward mobility� Absence of an extrinsic reward system� Offensive (annoying & silly) policies and

procedures� Excessive paperwork� Bad equipment� Poor salary� Shift work (night duties)

Stressors external to the police organization:Stressors external to the police organization:Stressors external to the police organization:Stressors external to the police organization:� Absence of career development� Ineffective criminal justice system� Biased press and media influence� Derogatory remarks of laymen� Political interference

StressorsStressorsStressorsStressors tasktasktasktask----relatedrelatedrelatedrelated totototo policepolicepolicepolice workworkworkwork::::� Role conflict and strain� Rotating shift work� Fear and danger involved in job� Giving up cases to the detective division� Victim pain & anguish� Employee review boards

Stressors Associated with Personal Problems:Stressors Associated with Personal Problems:Stressors Associated with Personal Problems:Stressors Associated with Personal Problems:� Marital and family relationships (like

divorce, and/or other familial problems) � Health problems � Addictions � Peer group pressure � Depression � Harassment � Lack of accomplishment

Traumatic events likely to cause CIS Traumatic events likely to cause CIS Traumatic events likely to cause CIS Traumatic events likely to cause CIS –––– ‘The Terrible Ten’:‘The Terrible Ten’:‘The Terrible Ten’:‘The Terrible Ten’:

� Suicide of a colleague, friend, family member

� Line of duty death; death at the workplace

� Serious line of duty/workplace injury

� Disaster / multi-casualty incident

� Police shootings / accidental killing or wounding of aninnocent person / events with extreme threat to theparticipants

� Significant events involving children

� Prolonged incidents especially with a loss

� Events in which the victims are relatives of or are knownto the operations personnel

� Events with excessive media interest

� Any significant event capable of causing considerableemotional distress in those who are exposed to it


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TraumaTraumaTraumaTrauma

� any event outside the usual realm of human experience that is markedly distressing(e.g., evokes reactions of intense fear, helplessness, horror, etc.)

� such traumatic stressors usually involve the perceived threat to one’s physicalintegrity or to the physical integrity of someone in close proximity

PosttraumaticPosttraumaticPosttraumaticPosttraumatic stressstressstressstress

� very intense arousal subsequent to a traumatic stressor (trauma)

� traumatic stress overwhelms coping mechanisms leaving individuals out of controland feeling helpless

PosttraumaticPosttraumaticPosttraumaticPosttraumatic stressstressstressstress disorderdisorderdisorderdisorder (PTSD)(PTSD)(PTSD)(PTSD)

� is a response to a major traumatic event in which the person directly or indirectlyexperiences death or serious injury



CognitiveCognitiveCognitiveCognitive

•Confusion in thinking

•Difficulty making

decisions

•Disorientation

EmotionalEmotionalEmotionalEmotional

•Emotional shock

•Anger

•Grief

•Depression

•Feeling overwhelmed

•Hopelessness/helplessness

PhysicalPhysicalPhysicalPhysical

•Excessive sweating

•Dizzy spells

• Increased heart rate

•Elevated blood pressure

•Rapid breathing

BehaviouralBehaviouralBehaviouralBehavioural

•Changes in ordinary

behaviour patterns

•Changes in eating

•Decreased personal

hygiene

•Withdrawal from others

•Prolonged silences

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� NonNonNonNon----stop Help Linestop Help Linestop Help Linestop Help Line (24/7)(24/7)(24/7)(24/7)


� Other psychological care (provided by psychologists)Other psychological care (provided by psychologists)Other psychological care (provided by psychologists)Other psychological care (provided by psychologists)

� Education & DevelopmentEducation & DevelopmentEducation & DevelopmentEducation & Development


� Since 1994

� 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

� Operated by Crisis intervention group, Department of Chief psychologist

� The service for the police officers and employees and their nears; to officersof Fire Rescue Service and since 2011 also to members of the Army.

� Consulting and counselling, crisis Intervention

� Phone, Skype, E-mail

� In the case of disasters or masstraffic accident - coordination ofcrisis intervention teams;psychological support for affected;

� In 2011, 463 calls

� (incl. 105 clients of Emergency CallNumber 112)


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� Since 90s

� The service for the police officers and employees and their nears

� Provided by the special trained police psychologists, officers, civilemployees and clergies

� 15 teams – established in 14 Regional Police Directorates and Policepresidium

� In 2011, 400 clients


� Individual Individual Individual Individual

� Consulting and counselling, crisis intervention, psychotherapy

� In 2011: 1230 clients, 1954 contacts

� GroupGroupGroupGroup

� Group intervention & team work; sociometry

� In 2011: 1143 clients


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001 policepsy lecture02 - masarykova univerzita · interrogation assistance research and...

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