1

0008 1230 ck oDwif;uRwfvqef; 15 &uf ( 30 Sept. 1868 )

(yk&ykdufrlrS ayrlokdUul;NyD;onf) 1231ck oDwif;uRwfvqef; 15 &uf( 20 Oct. 1869 )

(&wemykH ajrmufO,smOffykHESdyfpufwGif &dkufESdyfNyD;pD;onf) 1241ck oDwif;uRwf vqef; 11 &uf ( 25 Sept. 1879 )

( ,ck yk&ykddufrl a&;ul;NyD;onf)

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2

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3

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5

tifcGif½kwfbd/ r&SdbHkvwf/ 'PfcwfíEsif/ bla&mifvQifwnf/ aiGpifoDwd/ r&bdu/ oHk;q,fusajrmH/ onfatmHESdKifcsifh/ toifhavQm½dk;/ oGm;usdK;a&pkwf/ r½kwfwdoF/ ½dkusdKurl/ aiGjzLajcmHq,f/ EGrfe,fol½kwf/ ½dkufykwfaomaxG/ oljrwfaorl/ uRefajco|d/ vl'ku©0,f/ oHk;q,fomrQ/ ,if;'gowGif/ ,muqJhig;/ 0Jum;oHk;q,f/ uRefESpfoG,fESifh/ wq,fwefjcnf/ tusefqnf;avmh/ xefonf&efp/ Owårudk/ 'ku©rSm;vpf/ ajcausmHjypfum;/ yg'pädEé/ em;yJhurl/ &ZwwmvD/ MuHKvSDokem;/ aiGig;ojym/ em;ygqufvQif/ qif;&Jjcifykwf/ a&pkwfaoGjrif/ ESpfq,fvQifwnfh/ qHyifyg;em;/ xif&Sm;rm&m/ oDombdEé/ usdK;uef;url/ wdoFaiGvsuf/ avsmfap>rufonf/ / jcif;vufjcif;wGif &efbl;wnf/ / 11 qdwfjidrfawm&yf/ byfbyfaoG;jrif/ &mxifa&mufbl;/ csif;csif;MuL;u/ wdoFavsmf½dk;/ ½dkusdK;wmvD/ u&Dyg'/ e,e0f0duvf/ uRefvnfwpfay/ aiGvnfwdoF/ Owå&ESifh/ edpvufwl/ ykwfcyfrlum;/ edrfholjypf'Pf/ av;pk&efí/ ½kwfvGefwpk/ jyKavmufcufpG/ a,mu©rtm;/ qJnm;oruf/ oifhvuftyfjyD/ o®D;udkodrf/ ndrfatmifjyKu/ jyeftyf\/ ESKyfrQr[kwf/ ½dkufykwfav&m/ OpömtifcGif/ ½kyfíESif&Sifh/ ESpfjyifESpf0/acR;ro®uf/ ,Gif;ysuf*g&0/ a,mu©vQif/ oHyjcdrf;armif;/ qJ;a&;axmif;u/ aumif;aumif;cHap/ rcHacsí/ Asmajrusrf;jyif/ usavjcifrl/ yifv,fbm;ESif/ uHawmhoifh\/ tusifh,Gif;ysuf/ o®D;bufu/ ulraomtm;/ o®ufrSm;vnf;/ vGwf&Sm;a'go/ nDrQzsnfvsuf/ o®ufvGefnm;/ uRefEGm;uRJ0uf/ Muufwckck/ rIvdkufylaZmf/ aumfa&mf 0yfwGm;/ vifr,m;owf/ ysnfwm;vwfí/ ykwfcwfyJh&GJY/ jypfrJhavnm;/ aoonfrsm;ESdKuf/ w&m;cHvSnf/ bkwfMunfhyap/ qla0jyifjy/ a'goarm[/ a&m*Am[kvf/ acsmHckefaoqGJ/ qdwfpGJjrdKYaomH/ qdkavsmHaorl/ olwufjypf0uf/ wcsufwawG/ apíowfcwf/ aovkwfaomfrl/ apolwq/ ESpfqowfol/ olxufavsmfyg;/ wdkifyifvgí/ owfomomwfbd/ qdkrSdolvnf;/ enfwltjcg;/ wHcg;vrf;aps;/ pka0;yGJ;&yf/ Munfuswfojzifh/ xdyg;jcif;aMumifh/ aovifhyap/ rsdK;aqGtEG,f/ ra&G;jc,fvifh/ jypfroifhí/ ,cifhae&m/ ajrig;jzmudk/ acrmtb,/ qdkwdkufvSonf/ / a'gor,Snfryl;wnf;/ / 12 oltdkoleg/ i,fpGmbdvQif;/ vGefrif;oDv/ Or®wåESifh/ &mZdE¨zsm;/ og;ig;uif;vS/ ,if;owåwdkY/ qufuaoap/ jypfaerjrif/ w&m;0ifrsdK;aqG aorljypfuif;/ oFj*dK[fjcif;ESifh/ <uif;oludkarG/ <u;&Sdvnf;qwf/ w&yfaomfxGwf/ avsmfwrf;uRefrl/ tvGefajcmHq,f/ atmHi,f0Do/ om;ajcjyenf;/ ½Hk;pnf;ig;wef/ rSwf&efwyHk/ pHkwckck/ trI&Sdonf/ acsudkcsnfu/ jypfr&vQif/ vufcsif;wkwfaomf/ aiGavsmfwq,f/ aygif0,fwkwfaESmif/ rsufarSmif jcnfnm;/ cg;qD;udkcRwf/ rSwfavmwdoF/ *D0umvD/ odnDxifpGm/ rm&mwoD;/ OD;pD;vnfausmf/ tavsmfrsdK;vdkuf/ ESKwfydkufavQmu/ wvwuswf/ rSwftyfq,fv/ apuoHk;q,f/ arG;r,fESifhwGJ/ bGm;vkqJwGif/ aovQifaoVd/ apmfum;bdu/ jypfwdkif;usvdrfh/ rdbq&m/ nmwum0if/ vifocif[l/ ig;OD;olwdkY/ prlwkPSd/ aemHjyd&SufcGJ;/ usJusJaeMuuf/ ½dkufESufodrf;,l/

6

ESifxkwf[lonf/ ig;rnftrsuf/ xGufonfcsif;&m/ ,if;ESifhomwnf/ om;wynfh&if;/ om;jcif;r,m;/ uRefwdkYtm;udk/ rSwfom;pdrfhap/ qHk;ravavm/ vGefacsrlum;/ rif;'Pfxm;vdrfh/ q,fyg;yEé&of/ ykwfcyfMucsif;/ jypfuif;vGwfausmf/ ig;abmf&yfbGJY/ 'PfrJholowf/ ykwfcwfvufvGef/ avsmfwrf;uRefvnf/ ig;wefrysuf/ rsufxGufyOö/ qHk;r&efvl/ og;OD;oludk/ vG,fulrSwf&ef/ usrf;*ef&Sdwdkif;/ n§ducdkif;vsuf/ oHk;ydkifOóHk/ jyD;uHkvHkonf/ / pmpHktnGefqGwfcsKwnf;/ / vufvGefcef;jyD;\/ / ydk'fa& 7/ / 13 tarGpkESpfyg;/ qJhESpfyg;ESifh/ tyGg;ajymMu,f/ &mESpfq,f[k/ qef;Mu,fpGmbd/ usrf;t&Sdudk/ jyrfhn§dESdKif;q/ tusnf;jyydrfh/ rdbESifhum;/ om;orD;&if;/ / om;csif;wa0;/ rdbaxG;rSm/ xufygykrd/ / axG;brdtm;/ xufatmHod'wnfh/ / atmHom;xufom;/ ESpfyg;a0jcif;/ bdk;bGm;&if;ESifh/ ajr;&if;a0a&;/ bdk;axG;bGm;axG;/ oufajrwjcm;/ / atmGom;xufajr/ bdk;axGbGm;i,f/ / MuD;i,fr,m;/ ajymif;r,m;wdkY/ csm;em;tyfbd/ / axGbrd\/ nmwdEsifhbuf/ txufom;yif/ / arG&Sif&if;ao/ arGcHrJhrSg/ xdkuf&ma0aMumif;/ / 4if;aoajrmH/ csifhaygufabmfrsm;/ &if;zsm;ykwå/ a,mu©rESifh/ acRroruf/ / uRefvuf&SdarG/ uRefaowdkuf&m/ odómap& a0rQpum;/ / vifr,m;rl/ raool&/ Oa'¨oaomVof/ qHk;jzwfcsm;em;/ jrJ;rSwfom;avm/ w&m;oD;a&. rsm;axGaxGudk/ Oa'¨ovdkuf/ qdkufavsmHqdkufavsmH/ xufodkYa&mHrS/ a&G;aumHvG,fap/ xkwfESKyfaytHh/ / jrLawoD&dwifhqef;wnf; / / 14rdbESifhum;/ om;orD;&if;/ cif;ctp/ Oa'¨oESdKuf/ tbaojyD;/ trdESifhom;/ a0;jcm;jcif;rSm/ tdrf&mv,fcif;/ bpD;eif;udk/ om;&if;xdkufwef/ qif&ef0wfpm;/ vufxufyGg;uRefr/ arGrd&ap/ usefa&TaiGESifh/ ajrwd&pämef/ a,musfm;uRefudk/ rdrGefoHk;,l/ om;rlwq/ uRef½dk;rudk/ nDrQydkif;eif;/ usefom;jcif;rSm/ rd,if;aorS/ a0pMuavm/ bESifhorD;/ csm;oD;a0cGifh/ rdcifaqmif&Guf/ vufa&mHOpöm/ "Dwmydkifum;/ 0wfpm; aqmif&Guf/ vufxufjzpfyGm;/ uRefa,musfm;udk/ byGg;,lxGef/ usefrSmxufenf;/ om;crnfrSg/ vufa&mHomrQ/ om;&wHkvQif/ <uif;rSmbzsm;/ Opömrsm;aomf/ pyg;ajymif;yJ/ EGm;uRJ,k*/ Oóbwpf/ EdkYn§pfEGm;r/ r,Snf;uswnfh/ qdwfryDom/ wd½k"gESifh/ jrwf&marGpk/ wckckvQif/ arG;bcifu/ om;udkrQbd/ arG;rdorD;/ csm;oD;&mvnf;/ 4if;enf;wd/ arG;rdaESmif;vif/ bcifaESmifrd/ aeonf&Sdu/ av;qwpk/ r&okwGuf/ xuf&okoGif/ &okwGifvnf;/ ,if;yifpkq/ Mo&ównf/ ued|rl/ rdbESifhbuf/ w0ufpDjcm;/ xufom;o®D;/ tdrfoD;rajymif;/ rdbaESmif;ESifh/ wlaygif;wHkvwf/ oD;oefYrSwfav/ rdbaorl/ aESmifaeolvuf/ rdbxGufu/ wplrQ&Sifh/ oHk;qxufom;/ jrD;ygjig;rl/ enfwlqwf&/ rdb0wfpm;/ ESpfyg;nDwl/ aESmif;olwdkYyg;/ axGOpömudk/ yHkwmrcs/ aESmifrdbonf/ &\csufuHkodrf;jref;wnf;/ / &Spfw&m;/ / 15 om;jcif;wa0;/ a&S;Oa'´o/ 'kwd,ESdKuf/ rdbaojyD;/ o®D;jcOf;rSm/ arGOpömu/ MudKuf&mESpfaxmif;/ wckaumif;udk/ xdktrMuD;/ ,ljyD;<uif0,f/ ESpfq,fyHkq/

7

trwpf,l/þenf;wlwd/ vl&Sda0&/ usefvurl/ nDrQa0pm;/ a,mMufm;csnf;wHk/ q,fpDyHkbd/ a&S;enf;odavmh/ ysrf;n§dusm;r/ yEé&pD/ rSDavmenf;wl/ MuD;olxl;vuf/ rd0wfbpm;/ aqmif&Gufrsm;wnfh/ a,musfmESpfom/ a0wrf;rSmum;/ MudKuf&mwcsuf/ usefw0ufrl/ tpfudk,l<uif;/ udk;yHkcif;í/ aemif&if;wpk/ udk;yHkjyKjyef/ pkrSefwq/ nDvSbdkYjyK/ udk;wpkrSm/ aemifMuD;om&Sifh/ usefrSmnDcsnf/ þenf;nDr/ ESpfa,mHjywGif/ ajcmHqpDjcm;/ oHk;usdrfyGm;rS/ 'Ggu{uf'k/ Mo&ofpkuG/ tMuD;&\/ w0{ufrSm/ nDromwnfh/ usef&mwlpm;/ armifMuD;jim;rl/ ,lygESpfq/ ESrwpk/ armifyki,fu/ tnDrQ&Sifh/ trtdrfjcm;/ armifzGm;wlae/ jzpfyacsrl/ i,fapESpfq/ tpfrwlae/ jzpfayuvQif/ ESpfqyif&Sifh/ wifjrDpkus/ rdb0wfpm;/ crf;em;aqmifa&mif/ armifESrvdkuf/ xdkuf&m,lpm;/ usm;jcnf;rjcnf;/ oHka0enf;rSm/ 'Gg'd,!f{/ pnfvdkufay;avmh/ a&S;OD;a,mMufm;/ aemHESpfyg;r/ jzpfvurl/ wlpm;wlae/ jzpfayorI/ udk,f&pkwuf/ ESpfqwufa&/ a<u;vnf;onfavsmH/ ,Gif;rabmHonf/ oHk;a,mHa0yHkwgoefwnf/ / &Spfw&m; / / 16 Mo&ofjcm;ae/ arGOpömeuf/ w0ufoHk;q/ rdb&Sdcdkuf/ ,lvdkufwHkvQif;/ roif;oD&/ tnDrQavmh/ Mo&oao/ usefavolESifh/ jzpfoifhrlum;/ xuf0ufjcm;í/ om;jcif;wpf,l/ usefolwpf&/ ued|wdkY/ Mo&owl/ ,lvQifxuf0uf/ vuf&Sdol&/ wqarGpk/ jyKavmappHk/ arGyHkESdKuf0,f/ q,fbdk&SpfbdkY/ uwbdkYrl/ oif;oD;[ljim;/ onfxufrsm;rl/ a&S;vm;ra0;/ a0íay;avm/ aumHarG;wlpm/ om;&if;csm;ae/ rdbaorl/ arGacsmHpkcif;/ om;&if;ig;q/ aumH&wpf,l/ xdkolcsm;ae/ tarGr&/ vufa&mHrQrSwf/ Mo&ofudwåd/ om;r&SdvQif/ nmwESifhrl/ wlaerS&Sifh/ csm;uvufa&mH/ taqGajcmHrSm/ yg&if;EG,fvdkuf/ xdkuf&mudk,l/ pHkyGm;rlum;/ aemHaookEG,f/ ESpfEG,fwluG/ oj*ØK[fuwl/ aumHarGolppf/ rsdK;aqGjzpfvQif/ csm;yifaeap/ rsdK;aqGESifhrQ/ rdbtdrfrl/ twludwfMo/ {aumAsnf;rSwf/ MuD;vwfti,f/ om;oHk;oG,frSm/ qyOömaZm/ oabmapik/ pnfvdkufjyKí/ wpkpDus/ udwfufdkrQavm/ axG;vSESifhrl/ twludwfu/ a0yHk&\/ Mo&orsm;/ tdrfoD;csm;í/ wlpm;udwåd/ jzpfbdacsw/ paxGu&Sifh/ udwådrjcg;/ pkum;rqdkif/ vufa&mHydkifa&/ om;ajrjrpfwD;/ þarGcHav;/ uif;a0bdu/ udwådrvQif/ &\csufuHk/ xl;rSmwHktHh/ ESpfpHkaook/ arGrdpkudk/ aoolarGpm;/ ESifhnDcsm;í/ pm;avmr,Gif;/ om;jcif;vlokef/ eyHku@u/ jzpfuoifh½Hk/ vSDMuHKqGHt/ csdKwJurl/ &pkwdkif;rSwf/ auRvwfarGvwf/ aouif;jywfu/ arGol&\/ wOD;uom/ wOD;rSmonf/ arwåm&pfvdrfa&Teef;wnf/ / qJwpfw&m;/ / 17 ab;\arG½dk;/ bdk;wGifa0a&;/ ra0aorl/ om;ajrjrpfcsif;/ a0bdvQifavm/ ,if;wGifolu/ bdk;ESifhbwnfh/ wdkYuajrjrpf/ jzpfvnfa0&/ wbufuwD;/ þvnf;a0vQif/ wDcsif;csif;rSg/ jywfuif;aomtm;/ ra0jcm;oifh/ ra0jcm;oifh/ a&S;jzm;orD;/ yGm;pD;ig;ajcmH/ aemHwa,mHom/ a,susfm;ygvwf/ Mo&ofjzpfoifh/ bcifpD;eif;/ rdrif;aqmifa&mif/ armifESifhtpfr/ <uiforQrSm/ tpfrarmifwl/ usefolwdkYESdKuf/ pkvdkufa0pm;/ r,m;aovGef/ uRefvufqHkpm;/

8

om;ESpfyg;rSm/ xufygbom;/ vufxufyGm;rl/ uRefom;ESpfq/ bomwpfom/ xufyguif;jim;/ vufxufyGm;udk/ ESpfyg;nDrQ/ oEåuuRef/ rSefrlxufom;/ pm;apESpfq/ wquRefom;/ a,musfm;aoxGef/ uRefvifvufqHk/ om;ESpfpHkvnf/ 4if;enfay/ r,m;aoí/ aemHaer,m;/ a&GY&Sm;av&m/ csif;ygo®D;/ ESifhaejyD;wHk/ ESpfyg;pHkao/ om;oHk;axGwdkY/ a0pm;jcif;um;/ rd&if;ydkifpk/ ig;bdkYjyKí/ oHk;pkom;&if;/ <uif;om;wpfpD/ rQívDavm/ þwGif;xl;um;/ aemHr,m;ESifh/ om;rJhvpfacs/ tbaonm;/ om;rdaxG;rSm/ tbygudk/ om;om,lbd/ rdaxGrdu/ ygorQudk/ &\rdaxG;/ uHay;ESpfyg;/ OpömyGm;rSm/ om;wpk&/ ESpfqrdaxG/ a&S;txufyg/ Opömtxl;/ wOD;OD;rJ/ jzpfvwfcJrl/ ygolwdkYu/ av;yHkuswGif/ wqudkom/ rygokaoG;/ wdkYudkay;&Sifh/ aMuGenfwlay/ vifaovif&Sm;/ vifygESifhnm;/ ESpfyg;aook/ tarGpkudk/ a0rIaomfu/ a&Stvm;onf/ / rjcm;avbG,fESKefESef;wnf/ / ajcmHw&m;/ / 18 rdbESpfyg;/ ray;om;ESifh/ ay;om;rSmrl/ ay;olMo&of/ 0wfpm;aqmifa&mif/ xdkaemifarGpk/ q,fyHkjyKrS/ wpkusudk/ &apt<uif;/ om;csif;trsm;/ ray;om;wdkY/ csm;oD;q,fpk/ wpkwpk/ vka&wGufvdkuf/ <uif;ütrQ/ a0Muapom;/ ayjrm;oaE¨/ pGJaerSuGm/ aemHvifrSmbGm;/ aemHvifom;wdk/ a0jcm;&efcGif/ aemHvif½dk;&m/ wHqm0wfpm;/ aemHjrifom;wnfh/ pHkyGm;teuf/ ESpfxufoHkaemH/ rdaoaysmHrS/ a&mHonfbarG/ xuf{aemH'G/ rduyg&if;/ arGcyif;rl/ nDwlatmHxuf/ wcsufaemifnD/ edóDedó,/ oabmqí/ edó,'GD/ edó{au/ t&ifayol/ t&if;,ljyD;/ yGg;pD;trQ/ aouusefol/ &ap[l\/ olwa,mHwnf/ csnfeJYqGYHt/ jzpfvuwHk/ 0wfpm;½HkrQ/ ay;Muyap/ aemifaor,m;/ om;ESifhnDvS/ a0&efjyydrfh/ ygMu&if;rSm/ ygolompm;/ vufxufyGm;rl/ oHk;yg;nDrQ/ bdk;t½dk;&m/ romvGefjyD/ nDaqmifnDpm;/ om;aqmifom;&/ rdbtarG/ wlaeMurS/ &vQifrlum;/ yGm;rqdkom/ udk,fwmudk,f0ef/ &if;&efpdkufol/ &if;,lyGm;u/ oHk;nDrQ&Sifh/ oHk;nDrQ&Sifh/ nDvSaonm;/ r,m;om;<uif;/ aemif&if;wlae/ ,if;tarGvnf/ wax0aom/ oa[m'&d,/ &SdMutrsm;/ wOD;om;vQif/ wODwGifom/ rSDae&mESdKuf/ omemaoqHk/ oHk;&yfaqmifol/ ,lavmarGpk/ aookarGrD/ ra0þudk/ tnDjzwfcGif;/ om;csif;wpf,l/ jyKolwpf&/ buorD;/ om;MuD;udkrd/ jzefYcsDa0rI/ av;wpkudk/ uOwkYHbGm;/ om;csif;rsm;ESifh/ a0pm;Mucsif;/ pD;eif;aqmifa&mif/ aemiftpfrwdkY/ tbdkYoufouf/ usefteufvnf/ uG,fysufrb/ aorSxdkuf&m/ a0pygavm/ cE¨mrdb/ &Sdua0aMumif;/ rqdkaumif;onf/ / aemifrScGJapwcefwnf/ / q,fw&m/ 19/ r,m;pnfavsmHaojim;/ om;oHk;OD;rSm/ rdy½dk;arG/ ,laprdom;/ udktyGm;udk/ udk,fom;ESpfpk/ om;ESpfckrSm/ wpkpD&/ jrD&Sdurl/ þenfwlyif/ viftpnfavsmH/ oHk;a&mHaoom;/ a0pum;vnf;/ rcsm;avbG,f/ ti,fvyfMuD;/ orD;ESpfpD/ acsmHvDrSm0,f/ i,fcsifvyfcsif/ MuD;csifnDrQ/ wenf;jyydrf/ MuD;'GrSmrl/ i,fESpf[l\/ MuD;olESpfcGJ/ tv,fwGJvnf;/ ruGJwHkajrmH/ atmHESpfa&mHESdKuf/ atmHqcGJbuf/

9

xufwq,l/ [l\qifcsif/ ajy;vif\om;/ ay;uRefYom;rSm/ ajy;oGm;brsdK;/ Opöm½dkudk/ cdk;om;yifpm;/ ajy;&mbGm;rSm/ aemHom;wq/ oHkqxufol/ aemHvlMuifrS/ rdbuouf/ arGpkeufudk/ xufom;rqdkif/ atmHom;ydkifa&/ ajy;onfr,m;/ aypm;uRefr/ om;ESpf0vnf/ xufutvm;/ arGcsm;jyD;rS/ wluGaeom;/ aovkjim;rS/ wlpm;wlae/ aooifhj*dK[fom;/ a0pum;rl/ aoolydkifo/av;wqudk/ wluGaeom;/ uRefonfrsm;rSm/ arGpm;wpk/ xdkuf&mjyKjyD;/ oifJj*dK[folwGuf/ wGifEspfbufrQ/ xdkufouf\[l/ oif;j*dK[fol[k/ ,lrnfvHk;0/ rqdk&onf/ / onfrQomvQif jyXmefwnf/ / &Spfw&m;/ 20 rdbaovQif/ om;csif;cyJ/ arGrcGJrSD/ ZD0dajE´/ wOD;a<uu/ csif;arG&oifh/ csif;om;t,m;/ cHpm;wdkY&/ rdbaoaemif/ tdrfaxmifrus/ aovurl/ xdkolxdkufwef/ rSefonfrsm;udk/ om;csif;trQ/ pm;&wHkvwf/ Mo&yfa[Vdr/ acwåZwdk/ a0MuwHkvpf/ aZmZuf×s/ acwåZrl/ rd&Sdurd/ ukvdwådq/ om;ajcmH0rSm/ Z&&mZm/ 'GdZmrSmwd/ 0gPdZÆdaoG/ ESpfpkay;xGef/ v,fxGefol&/ wpkuspD/ edp&ifaoG;/ ay;rSdorQ/ udkom&\/ rdbESifhom;/ orD;rsm;wdkY/ a0jcm;jyD;cg/ rdbrSmvQif/ tdkpmxm;í/ om;wa&mHxH/ ajymfpHjyD;aESmif/ wa&mHajymif;&m/ empnfaopnf/ t,snftaMu/ ta&;uHkpGm/ aqmifjyD;cgwnf/ tdkpmarGpk/ avyHkjyKí/ wpka&SrSD/ oHk;vDaemHajymif;/ &paumif;&Sifh/ 4if;rdb/ tdrfurcGg/omoemaowdkif/ vkyfudkifukefatmif/ aqmifvifhupm;/ xdkomcsif;om/ rpm;&m&Sifh/ om;jcif;ESihfvQif/ pkoifhyus/ a0pm;&\/ xdkrSwjcm;/ tarGpm;jyD/ om;r,m;rJh/ olaocJhu/ tpfraemifMuD;/ OD;&D;t&d;/ rdMuD;rdaxG;/ bdk;abrdb/ r&paumif;/ aESmif;nDti,f/ ESri,fom/ &&m{uef/ arGrqef&Sif/ odkrSefwjyd/ atmHr&Sdu/ rdbyifpm;/ om;Mo&o/ rdbvufwGif/ ao;vQifcsif;aoG;/ csif;nDaxG;ESifh/ oifh\trQ/ rdr®Mo&of/ jzpfvyfaprl/ enfwlrjcm;/ ued|fbGm;jrdKY/ csif;wdkYrdb/ tpkusudk/ avqjyKvdkuf/ wpkxdkufonf/ / rSwfydkufraoGr&Gefwnf/ / qJwpfw&m;/ / 21 rdbaxGrSm/ xufygyk"d/ wwd,uúr/ Oa'´oESdKuf/ tbaESmif;ae/ om;rJajcvsuf/ baowjyd/ aESmif;rdxufom;/ a0pum;rl/ pHkyGm;&Sdpk/ ajcmHyHkjyKí/ wpkxufom;/ ig;rdaxGbuf/ xufOpöm/ av;wqrSm/ plVrmwk/ oHk;pkxufom;/ ,if;pum;wGif/ bcifarGouf/ aESmif;okvufrS/ a,mHuajrpk/ rjyKoifhjyD/ rQnDa0vpf/ ajrpkjzpfu/ r&rdaxG/ a<u;enf;wlom/ rdaxG;ygudk/ av;jzmwq/ xufom;&\/ oHk;qrdaxG;/ a0ay;rrSm;/ baxG;om;wdkY/ a0jcm;&efonf;/ 4if;enf;&Sd/ "dESpfru/ usm;uykESpf ygvpfoifhMu/ ykESpf&av/ rdaordyg/ boifh&mwGif/ yk'Gga'G;/ arGíbcif/ aovQifbyg/ om;ESifhomwnfh/ oifh&m"d'dG/ ykwdarG;axG/ rdaxGaoaomf/ a0pm;Mua&;/ rdaoG;rdyg/ bygbom;/ yGm;rSmyGg;&Sif/ bcif;aESmif;ae/ aocsifhygESifh/ oifíbao/ ESpfaxGaESmif;wGif/ rjrif;jrdwfp/ tb&ifaoG;/ rdaxG;ESifhom/ a0p&gum;/ bygbaoG;/ rdaxG;rdyg/ rdaxGompm;/ vufxufyGm;rSm/ xufom;wq/ plVd'G&Sif/ wOD;urSm/ &ifrygrl/ ygolwdkYu/ av;wqudk/ rQavmrrSm;/ om;wvif;jzifh/

10

aESmif;bcifffwdkY/ a0vQifrdb/ baxGygudk/ av;jzmpDjyK/ &if;ookwGuf/ oHk;pkbuf&Sifh/ jzm;vufodkYrl/ wpk[l\/ uHwlyGm;a&Smif;/ aESmif;byaOö/ {auwufom;/ odkYa0jcm;avmh/ r,m;rsm;í/ om;wa,mHrQ/ jzpfuom;ndKY/ rdaxGwdkYxuf/ wdk;wufpm;bd/ om;r&Sdrl/ rsdK;wlr,m;/ nDrQjcm;í/ pm;avmvifharG/ bifhraoGonf/ / usifhapabmfjya&TcGefwnf/ / &Spfbk&m;/ 22/ axG;rdbtm;/ xufatmHom;wnfh/ xm;cJhpwkw¬/ Oa'´oESdKuf/ rdbxGufom;/ bxufom;ESifh/ ESpfyg;wGif;arG;/ rdbaxG;wdkY/ a&S;txufyg/ av;jz,ydkif;jcm;/ txufom;aw/ axGolwbdkY/ usrf;tcsdKYu/ &SpfyHkjyjyD;/ yOötxuf/axG;vufodkY'G/ aESmif;&&ifaoG;/ wckay;\/ a&S;yg&if;rJh/ jzpfvwfcJhrl/ ygoluig;/ oD;csm;íaw;/ ygolawG;wnfh/ usHa'Gudkwd/ yHkjyefbdrS/ wqudkom/ rygxufom;/ ESpfyg;arG;'k/ uHjyKpHkyGm;/ Opömrsm;udk/ pHkom;rSma'G;/ {auykAÁu/ plVyOöm/ rSmydrfhwjcm;/ wvifom;ESifh/ aESmif;om;bawG;/ a0Mua&;rSm/ xufygpHkbGm;/ ESpfyg;arGESpf/ yHk&SpfpDcsnf;/ txufenf;yif/ qifcsifygav/ waxGwdkYaemH/ atmHom;xufom;/ ESpfyg;a0jcif;/ cifcJhyOör/ Oa'´oESdKuf/ rdbvnf;ao/ aESmif;aevnf;uG,f/ om;ESpfoG,frSm/ OpömoHkrsdK;/ a0½dk;rlum;/ bom;byg/ rdygrdom;/ pHkyGg;rSmpHk/ ESpfyHk,l&/ wqxufom;/ uif;jim;xufyg/ ruif;&mu/ av;pkuswGif/ wqa0pm;/ enf;wcsm;rl/ xufom;xufyg/ oHkrSmESpfyHk/ pHkwpkom;/ vufxufyGm;udk/ pHkom;ESpfq/ xufom;uvQif/ wqom,l/ odkYvnf;[l\/ MuH,lpmem/ bygrdyg/ ESpfjzmwGifzGm;/ om;oHk;yg;rSm/ bygbom;/ rdom;rdyg/ pHkyGm;rSmrl/ pHkom;,l&Sifh/ uif;vifhpHkyGm;/ xufom;wdkYu/ av;wqpD/ rQavmr&Gif;/ yg&if;r&Sd/ jzpfbdrlum;/ ESpfpHkyGm;udk/ ig;qjyKí/ wpkuspD/ ESpfvDxufom;/ pm;avmoHk;rSm/ / aemHom;omwnfh/ a<u;rSmpkvdkuf/ udk,fpDxdkufonf/ r½IdufrydkrpGefwnf;/ / q,fw&m;/ 23 bdk;bGm;&if;ESifh/ ajr;&if;a0a&;/ a&S;Oya'´o/ ,if;q|ESdKuf/ jrwfvSbdk;bGm;/ &ifaoG;rsm;u/ oD;pm;csm;ae/ arG;rDrD/ ajrESpfvDrl/ twlaepm;/ bGm;aomfbdk;aomf/ rajymfvk&Gm/ bGm;rSmbdk;rSm/ Opöm&aMumif;/ ajr;wdkYawmif;rl/ 4if;arGay;/ rrDajru/ csifhrdbwGuf/ 0ufudk0ufí/ rjywf,lap/ rarGrDrSm/ ESpfjzmbdk;bGm;/ &Sdvjim;pnf/ a0pm;r&/ bdk;ubGm;u/ ajrESpf0udk/ ayxwHkajrmH/ vufa&mHra&mH/ rabmH&jrJ/ ruGJwa0;/ auR;arG;tyfnm;/ bdk;bGm;wo@mef/ rSef\vwfao;/ bdk;axG;bGm;axG;/ xufjrufwjcm;/ pum;pnfavsmH/ ckESpfajrmHESdKuf/ aemHbdk;bGm;axG;/ ajrESifha0&m/ xufygxuf0uf/ yGm;euf&SpfpHk/ wGifwpkajr;/ bdk;bGm;axG;owf/ xl;vwfonfrSm/ ygOpömudk/ ig;jzmjyKí/ avpkum;ajr/ axG;{au;>ruf/ cuf\qifjcif/ axGvQifaovwf/ arGjywfjzpfvQif/ ajrwoif;wdkY/ cyifOpöm/ rawmif&m&Sifh/ wjzmwdkYaemH/ atmHom;xufajr;/ bdk;axGbGm;i,f/ &SpfMudrf0,fum;/ atmHom;Esifhajr;/ bdk;bGm;axG;rSm/ xufygav;q/ axG&wpk/ usefoHk;pkudk/ jykjyefig;q/ om;'Gajrwd/ csif;rdbarG/ ra0rDyg/ OpömudkrSwf/ yGm;&Sdvwfu/ t|fwGifajr;{uf/ wlaevpfap/ bdk;arGudkom;/ om;arGudkajr;/

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ay;íoD;jcm;/ ygbjim;rl/ atmHom;ESifhaxG/ udkray;vifh/ ajrtjcm;ae/ jzpfayrlum;/ yGm;r&om/ &if;csm;bGm;bdk;/ Opöm½dk;rSm/ avjzmwq/ axG;udkrQí/ oHk;qpm;tyf/ axG;ESifhpyfom;/ bdk;bGm;Opöm/ ½dk;rSmavq/ téufuvQif/ wqjcm;ae/ ajr&acs\/ xufarGOpöm/ rygwHkvQif;/ toefYuif;onf/ / &Sif;\vGwfpifydkifwef;wnf/ / ig;w&m;/ 24MuDi,fr,m;/ ajymif;r,m;wdkY/ csm;em;tyfbd/ &SdOa'´o/ e0rESdKuf/ oufrQMunf½Hk/ vufoHk;r,m;/ ajymif;r,m;ESifh/ uRefr,m;/ a0MuxHk;um;/ vifqHk;onfaemH/ oHk;a,mHrSmav/ aut×[l pnfvdkuf,ljrdKY/ rdwdkYaojim;/ csif;wdkYom;vnf;/ 4if;enf;ay/ om;rsm;acsu/ a0ykqifcsif/ vifb0jcm;/ t,m;vifyg/ ESpfjzm0,fae/ ESpfaqGrdb/ wdkYuvnf;ay;/ aiGaMu;rpyf/ ajymifajcmH&yfrl/ ,lapvuf&Sd/ xdkjyD;wjcm;/ r,m;MuD;om/ &SdygvQifav;/ aw;awmfajymifa&mH/ usefig;a,mHrsm;/ om;arG;udk,fvGwf/ rDvGwfrDbGm;/ enf;jcm;rSwfbd/ rsdK;&Sdajymifig/ qcGJpm;vpf/ uRef½dk;jzpfu/ r&vGwfuif;/ csif;wdkYom;vnf;/ a0enf;rcsm;/ rif;ykPÖm;rnf/ uHkonfv,fxGef/ av;wefr,m;/ ydkif;jcm;q,fjzm/ OpömrtvHk;/ av;oHk;ESpfwpf/rif;rsdK;ESpfrSef/ usefr,m;oHk;/ a0xHk;pk'´of/ rSwfavmrsdK;jcm;/ r,m;oHk;rSm/ wd'Gg{uf[kwf/ rsdK;,kwfom;&Sd/ rsdK;jrwfrdrSm/ om;r&Sdrl/ nDrQ,lyg/ rsm;pGmr,m;/ tjcm;tdrfy/ &Sdvurl/ [w¬*xm/ rQomydkifjrdKY/ csif;wdkY&ifaoG;/ csif;odkYay;jim;/ tdrfrjcm;bJ/ r,m;vufqHk/ rQm;wHkbdvQif/ yg&if;cef;0if/ xdkjyifudkarG/ udk,f&ap&Sif/ OD;aer,m;/ om;Mo&o/ csdKYwJhurl/ pGrf;ESdKifolyif/ bcif½dk;&m/ OpömarGouf/ Mo&ofwGuf,l/ <uif;,lrsdK;avsmH/ ESpfa,mHr,m;/ a0pum;ESdKuf/ r,m;jrwfrl/ oHk;pk,l&Sifh/ ,kwfolESpfpk/ ,kwfooltm;/ om;&SdwHkvwf/ jrwfolom;rJh/ jzpfvwfcJhu/ tnDrQvQif/ om;csif;csif;vnf/ r,Gif;þwl/ a0ap[lonf/ / MunfjzLESpfodrfh &Tifvef;wnf;/ / ckESpfw&m;/ / 25 axG;brd\/ nmwdESpfbuf/ txufom;yif/ qif&ifaumHESKyf/ 'oka'´o/ 0dw¬m&um/ rdb\aESmif;/ oufaygif;omrJh/ pHkaocJjim;/ xufom;orD;/ aEsmif;jyDxdk,if/ om;jcif;ESifhom;/ a0p&mrl/ bygpHkyGm;/ vuf&Sdrsm;udk/ xufom;ydkifaMumif;/ aESmif;wdkYarTrD;/ ra0þudk/ tnDydkif;csm;/ xufom4if;/ aESmif;olarG;pm;/ wdkYa0jcm;avmh/ þum;rSwfav/ aESmif;aemHaownf/ a&S;aorlum;/ ra0jcm;udk/ xufom;rS'G/ {uudkwnf/ aESmif;\arGpm;/ aESmif;olrsm;yif/ arGcifrrD/ aojyDjzpfjim;/ aESmifarGpm;rSm/ xufom;wdkYu/ rawmif;&vQif/ toefYuif;\/ arG&Sif&if;ao/ arGcHrJhrSm/ xdkuf&ma0aMumif;/jycJha&Smifom/ 4if;Oa'¨/ qJwaxGESdKuf/ oaE¨ESifhuGm/ aemifvifrSmbGm;/ om;o®D;uif;/ csif;b&ifao/ arGudkcsif;&/ csif;\bonf/ rdbarGrD/ þudkvnf;,l/ twlbdk;bGm;/ brjcm;cif/ baovQifum;/ ajrpkpm;&/ csif;bcif&if;/ om;csif;ESifhrl/ wlaeíao/ useftarGudk/ wlaew0uf/ om;w0ufyif/ arG&SifaoaysmH/ xufatmHoHk;oif;/ arGcHuif;u/ csif;vifr,m;/ ESpfyg;OD;&D;/ t&DrdaxG/ baxG;bMuD;/ rdMuD;[lajrmH/ aqGacsmHa&mHwdkY/ EG,favQmH,lpm;/ pHkyGm;nDrQ/ aemifaourl/ aESmif;aqG,l&Sifh/ aoolcdk0if/ &Sifpnfaowd/ jyKol&Sdu/oHk;wqa0/

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a&SaemHaorl/ a&S;aowq/ aESmif;usolum;/ ESpfpkpm;avm/ vifr,m;&Sifh/ om;ESifhorD;/ arGjyD;tdrfjcm;/ xm;jyD;rSom/ uGmMu&mESdKuf/ onf;csmwdkYaoG/ xdkaoolwdk/ wlaejrdKYu/ ESpfbdkYom;&Sif/ om;MuD;vQif&Sifh/ o®D;&SifrSm/ wbdkYomwnf/ armifomi,fu/ nDrQ[lvdk/ xdkuGm&if;ok/ ykr&Sdrd/ "dr&Sdb/ &aptvHk;/ OcsdKxHk'wnfh/ MuD;qHk;*kPf&Sif/ rdcifbbGm;/ Opömjrm;udk/ om;o®D;xH/ tyfESHjyD;rS/ rdbudkrl/ rarG;jrLaomf/ jyef,lyap/ ,if;tarGudk/ aqGawmfrawmf/ aumfa&mf0yfxGm;/ jyKoljrm;onf/ pm;&acs\ vHkxGef;wnf/ / 15w&m;/ 26 arG&SifaoaysmH/ csif;ayg Habmfrsm;/ &if;zsm;ykwå/ 'Gg'oka'´/ nTefjyaytHh/ aoarG&Siftm;/ aysmfjrL;bGmonf/ om;ESifhayg Habmf/ a0wHk;aomfrl/ aysmf&marGY\/ baxG;ESifhrd/ vuf&Sdyg&if;/ cyifpHkyGm;/ Opömrsm;udk/ aysmfom;omydkif/ rqdkifayg Habmf/ odkYwHkaomfvnf;/ ESpfabmfaook/ arGrdpkudk/ aookarGcH/ pHavmudkpif/ rxifr&Sm;/ oGm;íoaE¨/ pGJaejyD;uGm;/ bGm;cgrdom;/ rdbrsm;ESifh rjcm;wlae/ csif;rdaojig;/ csif;bdk;bGm;u/ ayxwHkjyD/ rdoif;oD;udk/ &D;wD;,m;wm;/ rSwfrJhom;vQif/ pm;vyfwHkoifh/ csif;rdarGqD/ rDapwHkajrmH/ vufra&mHu/ r&wdkYvQif/ rdom;csif;om/ ,lap&m&Sifh/ avQmfuGmrSbGm;/ om;\tao/ ,if;tarGudk/ aookarGpm;/ ESifhaojcm;aomf/ bum;udkwD;/ aewjyD;um;/ oif;oD;rSeforQ/ uGmxm;&\/ csifhbrlum;/ csif;bdk;bGm;ESifh/ wlpm;wlae/ jzpfaywHku/ om;r&jyD/ cdkrSDayg Habmf/ ESifaeaomfrl/ aygHabmfw0uf/ usefw0ufwGif/ oHk;jyufwjyuf/ uGmom;vufodkY/ yufvdkufwdkYyg/ omemaorl/ oj*dK[folvQif/ rwlrsdK;csm;/ jzpfjim;wHkx/ ygorQudk/ &\csufudk/ avyHkoD;jcm;/ rsdK;r,m;ESdKuf/ om;wnf;r&Sd/ edpdwådwGif/ om;&SdwHkav/ rdbaorl/ arGudkom;,kwf/ ESKwfavmhESpfq/ rdbrsdK;rSm/ wqomvQif/ jyrSmcGJ;csrf;/ a0urfvSef;onf/ / xHkwefpnfvmwifh&Tef;wnf/ / 6w&m;/ 27 a,mu©rESifh/ acRroruf/ a&Stxufu/ nTef>rufcJhx/ Oa'´oESdKuf/ rdbESifhrl/ wlae&ifaoG;/ rarGwd/ aoonf&Sdu/ a,mu©rESifh/ a0Mu&efum;/ aoolrsm;wGif/ cef0ifyg&if;/ oif;oD;waxmH/ vufa&mHorQ/ &Sifol&\/ a,mu©rxH/ oufESHaook/ rdpkarGESifh/ aookydkif&if;/ tyfxm;vQif;rl/ &Sifolr&/ tdrfaxmifusrS/ tyforQudk/ a,mu©roruf/ w0ufpDay;/ &ifaoG;&Sdnm/ ajr;pkpm;ap/ arGjcm;jyD;rS/ wlaeurl/ aoolydkifok/ avwpkudk/ aookrdb/ oHkq&Sifol/ ,lapwjyd/ &ifaoG&Sdu/ oHkyHkrQí/ a,mu©r&Sifol/ ajr;wdk,lavg/ rwltdk;tdrf/ MudrfjyD;rSwnf/ rdbESifhyl;/ wOD;OD;ao/ aoolygESifh/ yGm;rSmw0uf/ xdkufoufa,mu©r/ yGm;u0ufyif/ tcef;0ifESifh/ &Sifolyg&if;/ &vQif&Sifok/ aoolxufyg/ r&Sd&mESdKuf/ ygavtdrfxuf/ udkw0ufrQ/ a,mu©rpm;vQif/ w0uf<uif;yg/ ao&mr,l/ [loa&GYrSm/ oGufomwd/ &ifaoG&Sdjim;/ csifhbdk;bGm;u/ rpm;wdkY&/ rdbwGifrSD/ om;o®D;ao/ <uif;avacRr/ o®ufvSwdkY/ oufrQaESmif;ol/ aerla,mu©r/ ydkiforQudk/ r&oifhjyD/ arGrrD[l/ aoolwdkYtm;/ csm;em;a&S;u/ ay;orQudk/ acRroruf/ oufoufydkifo/ a,u©r&if;xkwf/ t&if;ESKwfrS/ yGg;orQudk/ acR;roruf/ ESifhw0ufpD/ o®ufacRr/ &if;jzpfurl/

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&if;,l&if;&Sif/ yGm;wGifESpfq/ a,mu©rwnfh/ rdboabm/ ravsmrjydKif/ tEdkiftxuf/ aeorufwGif/ rjrifjrwfp/ rdr®aojim;/ yGm;udkvifao/ aoolygpk/ aoolrdb/ &\trSef/ edbXgefodkY/ vifjyefwHkvpf/ oHk;ESofrvm/ tpm;tpm/ pm;rygacs/ xdkvifaou/ omraPjyK/ aooloif;oD;/ jzpfjyD;wHkajrmH/ vufa&mHra&mH/ qD;axmHawG;q/ acR;rydkifvwf/ vif0wfvifpm;/ vifcef;em;udk/ r,m;r&/ a,mu©ronf/ ydkifobdonf>rufnTefwnf/ / 11w&m;/ / 28 uRefvuf&SdarG/ uRefaoxdkuf&m/ a&S;rSmOa'´o/ pk'´oESdKuf/ oEåuuRef/ rsdK;½dk;uRefwdkY/ ESpfwefocif/ rjrifrMum;/ rxdrf;jrm;&/ oifhaeMuwGef/ xdkuRefESpfao/ rsm;axGtrSef/ Opömusefudk/ oEåmu&Sif/ tpnf,lap/ ESpfaxGocif/ Munfvifxdrf;jrm;/ rlum;ESpfq/ oEåu&Sif/ rsdK;&Sd&SifrSm/ wpkom&/ oEåucsif;/ jzpfvQifwHkvQif/ ocifESpfrl/ tnD,lavmh/ vGwfoluRef½dk;/ a&S;Mudk;qHkMu/ rdbocif/ ay;jrm;usifí/ uRefvQifaojim;/ uRef0wfpm;Esifh/ pHkyGm;udkwHk/ oHkyHkyHkí/ ESpfyHkocif/ rsdK;pifusefol/ ,lapwpk/ usefolyg&if;/ cyif;jrm;pGm/ 0wfqif&mudk/ ,lygusefol/ vGwfoluRef½dk;/ cdk;íoifhae/ uRef½dk;aou/ aumif;arGocif/ wifjrD;vGwfol/ cH,ltyfbd/ uRefpk&Sdudk/ todocif/ cspfcifvGwfol/ uRefaorlum;/ pHkyGg;oHkpk/ wGifwpkrQ/ ocif&\/ eSpfqvGwfol/ &if,l&if;&Sif/ csif;wdkYvQifay/ cdk;íaerl/ auif;arGudk&Sif/ wifjrDudkvgwf/ rSwfavmuRef½dk;/ trsK;&SduRef/ ESpfwefwdkYESifh/ vGwfoloifhav/ ESpfOD;aobd/ &Sifr&Sdu/ &Sifnmwd[l/ vGwfolayg Habmf/ xHk;avsmfcGJ;a0/ aumif;arGqdkjrD/ oHk;vDvDí/ ESpfbDvGwfEG,f/ &SifEG,fwq/ ydkifopdk;rdk;/ aqGrsdK;uRefao/ csifhtarGudk/ oHk;axGydkif;jcm;/ om;r,m;'G/ {uocif/ ,liifydkif&m/ usrf*efvmonf/ / romrydk MuvGef;wnf/ / 7w&m;/ / 29 odómap&/ a0rQpum;/ xm;cJhyEé&/ Oa'´oeSdKuf/ q&mcsnfwnfh/ wynfhudkxD/ wlrSD;xHkx/ &orQudk/ e0q&m/ {umodó/ aouusefol/ rsdK;wlaqGwl/ oj*ØK[frlum;/ oj*ØK[fol&/ wljyKurl/ wlrIcGJa0/ aESmif;aoq&m/ usefOpömudk/ odomjcm;em;/ rlum;EG,favsmH/ aESmaESmwHkx/ q&mhEG,fa'G;/ {wynfhEG,f/ aESmif;0,fwynfh/ aovSnfhnDrQ/ Espf0ownfh/ q&mom;r,m;/ wynfhrsm;ESifh/ a0jcm;ynfhvSdKif/ udk,fydkifudk,f,l/ odkY[lwHkvSnfh/ wynfhydkifu/ cdkifoifhusudk/ q&mharGcH/ xdkodkYESH&Sifh/ uscHjyD;rSK/ cHwGif;pkvdkuf/ odrf;ydkufjyD;rS/ q&mhwGufwGif/ cdkifus0ifavm/ xdkjyifw0/ rdbxHae/ wynfhaou/ uif;apq&m/ vufa&mHomwnfh/ q&m\xH/ usdK;EGHwynfh/ aoonfhrIrSm/ ygOpömudk/ q&mydkifo/ rygurl/ r&apiif;/ 4if;q&m/ &Opömudk/ q&me0/ {ufodóbnfh/ odóaumH,l/ &rlESpfq/ wynfh&\/ wqudkom/ w&mydkifum;/ vifr,m;rl/ raool&/ pnfavsmHjyog/ aomVOa'´/ vpfbGifhaytHh/ ESpfaxGrdb/ xdrf;jrm;Muí/om;po®D;/ rpD;ryGm;/ wyg;yg;ao/ ,if;tarGudk/ vifaor,m;/ r,m;aovif/ &oyifwnf/ odkYwGifaook/ ½dk;arGpkudk/ aookom;csif;/ ,lapvQifavm/ om;&if;o®D;/ yGm;pD;bdrl/ ESpfqlrdb/ aorSxdkuf&m/ a0aprSmonf/ rSwfygAdkvfvlw0ef;wnf/ / 6 w&m;/ / 30 uc*q/ ZnwESifh/

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ey&v/ 0vQiftqHk;/ pm;vHk;qJhESpf/ tm'd{ufu/ 'Gg'ofusrSef; *Pef;pnfvsm;/ trSwfxm;í/ om;udkOrSD;/ o®D;udkþ/ ,SnfuyfrSDrS/ uDck*DqD/ ZDESifhnKwk/ eD[k*g;/ odkYarG;bGm;aomf/ MuD;umuDck/ *DnKrSmvyf/ i,frSwfwkqD/ axG;ZDeDwnfh/ av;vDydkif;jcm;/ MuD;2g;u/ Mo&oavsmH/ xdkuf&maumHjyD;/ wa,mHwcg/ ,lom,lvG,f/ 20pDcsnf;/ yHkenf;wajy;/ a'G'd,!fPuf/ axGla&mHvpfu/ useforQudk/ q,fqbefvD/ pk0ufpD,l/ usefrl&SpfOD;/ rusL;r½Iduf/ nDrQxdkuf\/ w0rf;wdkufbGm;/ q,fyg;pnfpD/ ukcD&DESifh/ qkZDnKwD/ eDyk&DwGif/ ukpDMuD;rSwf/ vwf*DqkZD/ nKwDyki,f/ axG;0,feD&D/ qJhwvDu/ uDcD*DqD/ ZknKwDESifh/ eDyD7Dvk/ rSwfrIjcm;oD;/ tMuD;uDcD/ usefudk;vDrSm/ 3pDjzwfa7;/ vwfi,faxG;wnfh/ rSwfawG;aphik/ 4tk4þ/ 3þ3þ/ qJhESpfvDwGif/ MuD;ZDukck/ vyf*kqknD/ i,fwDeDyk/ axG;&DvkESifh/ 0D[krSóg/ a0yHkxm;í/ jcm;em;&m0,f/ MuD;vwfi,frSm/ 20yHkjrJ;/ 4yHkcGJus/ axG;a&mHuwHk/ q,fpDyHkvsuf/ pk0ufpDrQ/ wusrf;url/ 'G'pk'´of/ tEé&ofrdkuf/ vvgyfvdkufaxG;/ ay;wpkpD/ <uif;tnDwnfh/ þuvgyfpnf;/ av;csufenf;wGif/ crnfhcrf;em;/ r,fbGm;aqmif&Gmuf/ Mo&ofwGufudk/ xdkufoufaomtm;/ usm;rSm usm;wnfh/ rum;ryif/ MuD;pnf;wGifESdKuf/ rjrifaomfvnf;/ vwfpnf;rSm&Sm/ ygol&ap/ Oya'þ/ ,if;udkrSDí/ befvDapi/ awGorQudk/ avhvuHkwGif/ odjrifapvpf/ usrf;qDn§pfvsuf/ cJqpfcufqpf/ uspfvpfaxGvm/ jyD;aojcmonf/ / a&Tpmaow¬K arSmfuGef;wnf/ / tarGcef;jyD;\/ ydk'fa& 18/ / 31 tdrfrIw&m;/ omreftm;rl/ wyg;omrQ/ 0daoorl/ y&'g&m/ unmjypfrSm/ r&m;vifuGm/ 3jzmjym;x/ ,if; 3/ 0wGif/ y&wk'H/ qufqHwHkvwf/ cdk;jcif;owfum;/ [wåC&/ *k,Sov’m/ aoPd,gESifh/ 'Gg&mo,e/ taeuswGif/ ao,s*k,S|mef/ usLvGefþESpf/ jypfvHk;xGefxGuf/ xuf0uft<uif;/ rif;ykPÖm;rnf/ uHkonfv,fxGef/ 4wefr,m;/ rSm;aomfavsmfxHk;/ av;oHkESpfwpf/ ajr§Hvpfw&m/ ojymrSH[kwf/ rsdK;,kwfrSmvQif/ &mwGifoHk;ysef;/ urf;avmhESpfudk/ aomyG,dkrSm/ oHk&maiGus/ wenf;jytH/ 'go'ku©/ uóurnf/ uHkonfjrJrSwf/ i,fvwform;/ [l;&m;yn0g/ MuD;&mtxl/ oHk;OD;4if;/ olaumif;woG,f/ ol<u,folaX;/ i,faoG;tvwf/ MuD;rwfaxG;vm/ aoem"dzsm;/ a'gynm;[k/ rSwfom;jyD;rS/ {uf'Gwa,m/ aZmavvDrSwf/ avvDt|fESifh/ 'Gg'ofrSm'G/ yEé0&Dom/ wdoFmtnD/ wmvDESpfyg;/ þodkYtm;jzifh/ r,m;cdk;acs/ uRefavsmfap[k/ yHkaopD&if/ þwGifi,fvwff/ MuD;ppfrwfu/ t*¾r[m/igrSmyEé&/ 0DoESpfoG,f/ 30ESpfwef/ uRefavsmf&efudk/ usrf;*efudk,fpD/ qdkrnDwnfh/ xdkþrsm;<u,f/ r,m;i,fESdKuf/ jypf0ufxdkuf&Sifh/ rIvdkufavsmfuRef/ q,fuswfwef[k/ rSwf&efenfus,f/ urÜnf;cs,f onf/ rsdK;EG,fedrfhjrifhavsmf a&;wnf/ / 32 cspfcifoufxm;/ okr,m;udk/ a,musfm3ysuf/ ESpfa,mHwGufpm;/ enf;wjcm;rl/ rSm;ol30,f/ oHkq,fpDcsnf/ a,mHxnf;oHk;bef/ vGefy'kw/ wdoFyEé&of/ cGJ;ygowfwnf/ rSwfcJhonfrS/ vGefvurl/ jynfrwefqm/ jzpfapygavmh/ odkY&mwGifum;/ ppfoGm;t|fq/ "eaomowf/ ukodkvft|fESifh/ 'oft|nmPf/ tdrfjyefaESmif;ae/ ESpfaxGrSmwd/

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t&Sdydkif;jcm;/ xdkESpfjrm;ESdKuf/ 0wfpm;pmay/ ray;aevnf/ iHap&OD;/ usL;aomfvifopf/ aevpfydkif&m/ pmyEémvQif/ a&mHvmwHktHh/ MumwdkifiHhavmh/ cspfeef;aysmHedyf/ &dwfonfa'go/ vifvS&du©m/ rxm;ygbJ/ oGm;&mtdrfol/ ,lonfjrD;&Sif/ odxifodrf;ydkuf/ vifqdkufjzpfpif/ xdkvifcspfrjy,fuþ/ jrDudkqwfrS/ r,m;&vdrfh/ oGm;u&du©g/ xm;ygpjrJ/ rxm;bJESifh/ ,cifumv/ vGefuopfae/ MuD;a&mUfacsu/ tyfayaemHvl/ rvdk[laomf/ xdkolygorQ/ odrf;&tdrfae/ rygavrl/ aiG30pm;/ r,m;jiif;u/ oGif;wuGvQif/ &SdorQ½kyf/ vQifckwfESifwGef/ rI0efaqmifrnf/ ,lonforD;/ rjyD;ía&Smif/ aemHaqmifoljyD;/ o®D;&ajrmH/ oHka&mHrdnJ/ vifpGJwHka&smif/ olaumif;vifrGef/ udk,fbdk;wefwnf/ uRefrlbdk;0uf/ rESpfoufu/ oHka,mHrudk/ rQíavQmfvQif;/ ,if;oHk;a,mHeuf/ ESpfoufoludk/ ,lvnf;<uif;rSm/ avsmfyga&Tvg/ usm;ESpfoHk;ajrmH/ ra,mHudk/ pGJavQmHwHku/ rdr®MudKufol/ ,laprif;wGuf/ cGufoHkaMu;/ ay;apvnf>ruf/ &SufpbG,fvd/ &r®ufjidí/ wd0óajrmH/ oHka&mHqufcg/ toufvsmjyD/ yrSme0/ 'kqwdaw/ wa0;pHkpD/ ta&mHnDaomf/ aemHrDvl&/ rnDMuajymH/ a&S;a&mHumr/ &olydkifjim;/ þpum;rl/ uk½koludk/ ewfblwywf/ prf;onfhZmwfwGif/ owft|f'o/ qr[lwGef/ oHk;ESpfnTefESifh/ rvGefrpm;/ onfxufvsm;rl/ tjcm;vlESifh/ tdrfoloufa0/ aysmfwdkufavonf/ / jypfarvGwfpifuGma0;wnf/ / 33 jrdKYpm;csif;csif;/ vSoufESif;udk/ rSm;,Gf;onfrSm/ ig;&maomPÖ/ xD;bGJY&ESifh/ t×sao|m/ csif;rSmjzpfus/ a&T&mhwq,f/ rsdK;EG,fckESpfquf/ csif;wdkYoufrl/ jypfrJh[lvnf;/ xdkolESifhr/ rJhuyDrm/ ruGmavSum;&if;/ jymnGHwGif;odk/ qif;apjzL0wf/ yef;pdrf;rSwfjyD/ nGwfvsufykqpf/ a&TppfAsnf;'of/ csifhrSwfoaE¨/ xHHkarTayg Hayg H/ ESifharQmHylaZmf/ avSum;ay:xuf/ wcsuf cef;0/ oHk;MudrfcajrmH/ aMumHjyD#dnnf/ &SnfapaemH,Gif;/ aqGrsdK;oif;rS/ uif;aprrSm;/ ykPÖm;,kwfvwf/ jrwfcsif;rSmwGef/ ypöefoD[V/ rZÆdrEGg/ tbdk;xm;aomf/ ig;\ofoHk'k/ ayg Hayg HjyKrS wrÜ&Zwm/ aomPÖma&mifjyHK;/ oaE¨oHk;jzifh/ a&S;xHk;0wfwGm;/ aemHudkrSm; aomf/ 'G@mXmef/ ESifhapnTef&Sif/ omrHvl0,f/ rsdK;EG,fcsif;rSm/ bvm;a&TaiG/ aumif;aw 0wfpm;/ onfonjcm;&Sifh/ aemHrSm;jyKvkwf/ ½kyfavmtifcGif/ rsdK;wGifrae/ xGuf0Hhajcrl/ ½kyfaprqdk/ vlAdkvfrSwf&ef/ ruRefusm;vGwf/ rvGwfuRefusm;/ þESpfyg;udk/ &SifrSm;0Do/ wenf;jytHh/ vGwfrusm;uRef/ usm;ruRefudk/ usL;vGeft&Sif/ jypfrjrifwnf/ odkYwgifrlopf/ vuf&Sdjzpfí/ avmifcspfi&J/ a&mHjrJrcRwf/ rSefqhK;jzwfonf. / uRefbGwfuRefvdrf/ pnfa&S;wnf/ / 34 usifrIwenf;/ olESifh&nfí/ ypönf;cHpm;/ viftm;rjyef/ qdkrrSefaomf/ avsmf'Pfrcwf/ umcvyfvnf/ tyfwdkif;jyef½dk;/ rkqdkwdrfnif/ wusrf;wGifum;/ &vQifumr/ avsmMuap&Sd/ bmomodrl/ ay;rSdwdkifqHk;/ avsmfxHk;wdkuf&m/ yEémESHí/ qufqHonfwGif/ vifawGYvyfu/ tcay;aom/ rajymqdkom/ tdyf&mwGifawGY/ owfíaobd/ r&Sdjzpfcsnf/ avsmfrnfqdkwHk/ wcg;cHka&mHvyf/ ykyfcyfroifh/ ykyfvifhajcu/ csíavsmfap/ okMuifaqGudk/

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vufajcqGJiif/ vnfwif buf&rf;/ yg;em;eef;rl/ avsmf'gefjzpf0uf/ rdr®vsufvQif/ vma&mH0ifrl/ jzufoljypfa0;/ a&SouFmol/ vlESifhuG,f&m/ usDp,fygu/ ojymqJhig;/ avsmfpm;cH,l/ vlrouFm/ wdkYrSmjypf&Sm/ r&m;&Sdvif/ okowfxifudk/ zsufvQifnD;vS/ tpfudkponf/ uif;&onfyif/ cH0efvQifbrf;/ aMumhMurf;ESdKifxuf/ Avuúm,/ jyKumoVd/ rufa&mHedESdKuf/ av,[dwkyÜm'f/ jzpfvyfoHk;&m/ nmwum[k/ umrrIESdKuf/ axmif;xk&mef;um;/ avsmfpm;½HI;Edkif/ rjyKydkifwnf/ wdkif½Hkwdkif&/ rlvaxe xdoHk;0[k/ pHkrSt*Fg/ ajrmHygobif/ rpHkvifrl/ yHk,ifaxGaxG/ jypfrsdK;auGonf/ / uif;apvGwfapavsmfaMu;wnf/ / 35 toGif&nf;pm;/ rSef;xm;[lajr/ apmifhta&SmHaMumifh/ oHk;a&mHewfEIef;i,fpnfwHk;u/ cif;tHkajrmHvpf/ ,if;odkYjzpfí/ MuifcspfuRef0if/ rSdvQifrif;'Pf/ usL;vGefcdk;jypf/ &yfa0;jzpfí/ jrpfumr*kPf/ qHpHkrSD&m/ vifvmtyfu/ jypfyrtyf/ vQyfpm;jyefydkif/ oHk;ESpfwdkifwd/ odvsufaeu/ rpGJ&acs/ okoufa0vQif/ tdrfajca&mHom/ vmízsufrSd/tdrf7SdjypfbGJ/ tdrfrJjypfuGm/ rSwfygwHkvpf/ okvnf&pfESifh/ vl,pftHkjydKif/ udk,fwdkifrawG/ jypfraiGYwnf/ awGjypf0ufyif/ vif&SduRefr/udkjzwfurl/ 0dorSwfvQif/ uRefcsif;csif;ESifh/ &Sif&ifyEé&/ ESpfqifhusatmif/ cdk;uvifppf/ jypfESpfcsufpm;/ enf;jcm;rSwf,l/ rlpm;yjypf/ 'kjypfudky/ qdkorQatmif/ rIaumif;ESifhrQ/ orPudk/ owå0g&m/ iHhpygavm/ avmfrm,Gif;yg;/ ajrmHrxm;0,f/ av;q,favsmfbd/ aMumif;&Sdvyfjim/ o®m;[l;&m;/ rdwf3g;ESifh/ wloGm;wlpm;/ rjcm;tdyf&m/ jypämrjid/ aMumif;r&Sdu/ jypfavsmHusap/ oykarESdKuf/ ½kyfapOpöm/ apsrSmcsnfa&mif;/ acgif;udk&dwfom;/ a&mif;pm;vnf;[l/ xdktrIudk/ vdkwlaygif;u/ jypfy/ okcr,m;/ cdk;oGm;edp/ r,m;uvQif/ 'ouRefa&/ avsmfappD&if/ vifcdk;jypfrSm/ ojymyOö/ yEé&wjcm;/ em;qHwHk;ydkif/ udk,fwdkifom,l/ aprljywfrl/ bJhrlrSm;buf/ em;qHwGufum;/ aMu;cGufoHk;q,f/ uRefvif0,fom;/ wusrf;pmu/ rSm\aMuavsmf/ rawmfr&m/ r&m;cdk;rI/ tpkrJhuRef/ acsmHq,fwefrSwf/ &mZmowfwnf/ "r®owf0,f/ oHk;q,f[lvdk/ rIxdkxdkESdKuf. qdkrnDxGef/ ,kwfvGefwlrS/ ESdKif;qodrf;tkwf/ tcsKwf{ufa'G;/ av;urÇmvm;/ ppf&mefrsm;onf/ / w&m;&Sufvdrf½IwfaxG;wnf;/ / y&'g&cef;jyD;\/ ydk'fa& 5/ / 36 unmcef;udk/ bGihfvSpfqdkydrfh/ vdkwlrwl/ rsdK;wlpdwfavsm/ oabmomwl/ rsdK;rwl[l/ rSwf,ltmum&/ jym;xavjzm/ qE¨mqE¨/ o'doESifh/ to'dom/ uRefunm[k/ig;jzmwaMumif;/ aygif;aomf9oif;/ wenf;cif;tHh/ rif;ykPÖm;rnf/ uHkoOfv,fxGef/ avwefynmyf/ aemHif;&yfESifh/ pyfíudk0/ rsdK;r,fvswGif/ yESdKufjypfuGm/ 'krS,'Pfae/ woifhapwnf/ aypwkw¬/ aoGujypfavsmH/ av;ajrmHunm/ i,fpGmykvk/ EdkifxufjyKaomf/ 'kESifhao|/ 'GdZ&mZm/ rsdKvdkufomwnfh/ {uf'Ggwdpuf/ ajrmHvyfw&m/ ojymavsmf'Pf/ avrsdK;usHESifh/ uRefygig;vD/ ig;&mnDudk/ &mpD,kwfbd/ oaE¨&Sdjypf/ rJvpfw0uf/ Avuúm&/ vHk;wGef;Mu\/ xdkrSw&yf/ MuD;oGyfjrDem/ a0vmoaE¨/ taqgacsmHyg;/ bGm;ESifhrdb/ armifESroG,f/ i,fnmwdeD/ {u0DwGif/ rnDusrf;vm/ aemHESpfjzmudk/ y,fcGgjyD;rS/ oDvapmifh,l/ iwfolESifhbdk;/ 3a&mHwdk;í/ rsdKunmvS/ Am;0Do[k/ jyjyDqHkvwf/

17

r|fESifh'o/ 'Gg'pnfpD/ a*g&Dukrm/ unmrSwfx/ vGefur[vf/ wwefjym;vwf/ owft|f'o/ 'Ggaw&yf/ yEé&yf0Dom/ yOömADo/ wmvDo[k/ udk;Xgeaom/ &G,foabmwGif/ 'ga*guuk/ a&S;okxHk;EIef;/ aoG;pkef;rSefvS/ oHk;0rsufrSwf/ rnf;0ef;nGwfESifh/ <uifvyf&G,fusL;/ aemHwOD;onf/ / ajrmifwlonmrnf;aywnf;/ / 37 rsdK;jrwftoGif/ rIcif;aqmifMunf;/ cJ,nf;aMumHc/ ukovdkwl/ [líkcm;oD;/ o®D;ay&Spf/ {uf,Gif;vQifodrf;/ 'kxdrfrsm;u/ oGif;r&&m/ wrSmoHk;ESifh/ av;qpfaqmifESif;/ jiif;udk,fbdk;pm;/ ig;aMumHajyrl/ jyef,ljyef&/ qpyf&SufrSd/ ydkifbdyHkao/ owfay;apwnfh/ aoGudk,fbdk;rSwf/ t|fpyfydkif>ruf/ rpyf&Sufrl/ bdk;0ufavsmfaqmif/ atmifqdkqE´/ rdbay;jrm;/ ,if;3yg;udk/ aepm;íay/ usm;aoGqHk;oGif;/ rjiif;udk,fbdk;/ ESpfrsdK;brd/ *wdxm;ol/ aorlusHESifh/ ay;oifh&um;/ jcm;oludkESif;/ oGif;w0ufjyef/ wusrf;nTefrI/ jyefapvHk;xGef/ &nfnTef;oGif;,l/ tjcm;vlESifh/ vdkwlaygif;u/ oGifESpfq[k jy\wusrf;/ oGif;urf;,if;ol/ &rlumr/ oGif;wuGESifh/ qifxwHqm/ ygOpömrsdK;/ udk,fbdk;avsmf&/ wusrf;uvnf;/ oGif;ESpfqjyef/ rpHkqHrl/ oGif;rSefwdkif;om/ oGif;wHqm[k/ usrf;vmw0/ udkbdk;rQom/ wenf;rSm\/ a*g'guuk/ unmpkudk/ MuD;xk&r®uf/ ysufojzifhtm;/ r*f,Gif;ygaomf/ wHxm;atmifjyK/ rIonfwdkYtm;/ acgif;udkusm;í/ aismfMum;pdrfhrnf/ jrdKY&Gmvnfavm/ aponfumv/ qGHtEkjrHK/ vHk;pHkcyif;/ rjyefvQif;aomf/ oGif;wdkif;jyefap/ odvsufaerl/ jyefaprvm/ ap&mwa,mH/ ay;wa&mHESdKuf/ ESpfa&mHvHk;&/ aemHay;rudk/ usm;ujiif;vnf;/ oGif;rqHk;ESdKif/ uH½dkifaomtm;/ xdka,musfm;onf/ tjcm;rdr®/ uRefrdr®udk/ umrrSm;,Gif;/ rSef;ol&if;ESifh/ oGif;OpömvHk;/ ESpfcsufqHk;jim;/ rSm;rdool/ vGwfrloHk;q,f/ uRef0,fbdk;us/ avsmfjypfjy\/ prSef;&if;ol// aemHrSm;oludk/ jiLpljrufvdk/ vifcdk;udk[k/ rqdktyfvQif/w&m;uif;onf/ / vif&if;rajrmHacsao;wnf;/ / 38 orD;aMu;Zl;/ &G,fvl;vkif/ twifwifu/ Munfvifay;urf;/ vÇHuGrf;udk/ vSrf;pm;ydkif\/ jyD;cdkifoGif;ESH/ cHjyD;rlum;/ vtJxdrf;jrm;u/ oGif;ESpfqjyef/ oGif;wdkif;jyefvpf/ umrjypfom/ oHk;csufrSm\/ vsm&efydkYrdwf/ cJtHusdwfvsuf/ £ó&d,/ rdbvkyfMuH/ oHk;ESpfcHjyD;/ uHrqdkifbJ/ rdnJjcm;Muif/ vkiftjcm;/ olESifhjim;rl/ ajrmHjrm;cyif;/ r[lvQif;wnf/ toGif;uHqdk;/ xrif;bdk;u/ usm;r0wfpHk/ vTrf;jcHKjrJyif/ xdkvkifonf/ uRrf;0ifwpdwf/ jcm;rrdwfu/ rudkbdk;0uf/ xdkufoufwHkbd/ br&Sdpnf/ rday;jrm;ajrmH/ ba&;odrf;ydkif/ rpGrf;Edkifjim;/ om;jcif;udktyf/ om;jcif;usyfí/ vufxufoGif;,l/ ydkifap[l&Sifh/ rwlpdwfpuf/ unmvsufudk/ Avuúm&/ edpET,f0if/ jyKvQiftnD/ aMueDajcmH&m/ wenf;rSmum;/ Opöm½kyf&mef/ rif;'PfcyfjrJ/ enf;wuGrl/ 0Jvufnd§K;jzwf/ r0Hhvyfu/ aiGo|d[l/ rsdK;wljrwfol/ jzpfrlw&m/ avsmfaiGvmvnf/ arwåm&pfacG/ oifhaeapavmh/ aoGvQifwdoF/ oaE¨&rl/ ajcmHq,f[l\/ aoolwufbGJY/ r,m;rJh[k/ jymEGJYa&mifaumif;/ awmif;íay;jrm;/ aemHay:jim;rl/ om;o®D;&Sd/ tyfbdrJhu/ a&S;rdr®udk/ aESmif;rdbxH/ vifuESHap. rESHacsrl/ raeydkif&m/

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rIavsmHawmif;avh/ jyuawh/ aumif;usifhrIcGifhulnD/ jrDawmif;av;yg;/ usm;udk0wfp/ racs;rbnf/ ar&,jrDwGuf/ jrifZufqGJa&Smif;/ avmif;jrD;csif;aqmif;/ enf;waMumif;um;/ awmif;tyfudkiftyf/ aptyfoHk;yg;/ jrDpm;jrwfvQif/ uwGifwlok/ y'k,kwfu/ y'Hkw>ruf/ &ufvESpfcsdef;/ udef;ra&mHrD/ ,Gif;abmHwdrf;apmif;/ awmif;w0uf½dkif/ udkifjrDvHk;ajy/ jrDaevlae/ rrQacsvQif/ yef;pdef;qifvsuf/ bHkcGufpGJx/ £Pomrd/ &Sduwdkif;ay/ awmif;apownf;/ jrDyifvSnf;rSwf/ jrDuif;jywf\/ rwwfuHktm;/ jrdpm;udkvQif/ jrD&Sifrsm;u/ a&mif;bdk; usudk/ rQ,lwHkvQif/ jrDwvif;rSwfpGJ/ jrdabmifcGJ[lvdk/ ajyapqdku/ rawmif;&jyD/ jrDtifrwH/ vGefvQifpdk;rif;/ t&if;qwfjyD;/ &if;ESD;vnf;r/ vlnHhvSaomf/ olawmfy&dwf/ xdwfxdwfrTef;vyf/ 0wfjzLqif&if/ jrD&SifwdkYtm;/ yefMum;wdkifwef;/ rum&fywåjrm;/ u&medwHk/ a&[Hkoufqif;/ ab;uif;apvyf/ vTwfonfudkvnf;/ wenf;r&Gif;/ jrDwvif;rSwf/ em*gwfcsifh0,f/ aumif;<u,fapum/ rawmif;&m[k/ aocsmusrf;*ef/ urÁnf;uefonf/ / rSwf&efqef;Mu,fajrmHjrm;wnf/ / 47 cHwyfjcif;rSm/ usrf;tvmum;/ ,l&mawmif;&m/ ESpfjzmrSwfx/ ,lumvESdKuf/ omrntm;/ wyg;omrQ/ 0daoorl/ bdk;bajr;om;/ jrDpm;vnf;jzpf/ jrDwdkifjzpfol/ ,lpnfwdkifjim;/ twlpm;yif/ ocifq&m/ aqGnmodó/ jrDpm;uoGif/ jrD&SifoGif;[k/ qJhESpfckjzpf/ [ufu'ofa&mH/ þq,fa&mHum;/ &if;yGm;qwfrl/ ½k½kajr§mHrl/ jrD,laoaomf/ a&Smifaomf&if;oifh/ jrDqifhtyGm;/ jrDpm;rqdkif/ jrDwdkifbdkYcsnf;/ wenf;rSmum;/ jrDpm;jrDwdkif/ trQqdkifvQif;/ jrD&if;\yGm;/ jrDpm;qyfap/ &if;ajyrSa&Smif/ cHaqmifolu/ tyGm;w0uf/ xdkufoufrrSm;/ jrDpm;a&mHu/ ESpfqawmif;xdkuf/ vdkufp&dwf0,f/ q,fwGifwq/ oHk;qwpk/ wdkifolwGufwm/ <uif;rSmaomfrl/ jrD;,lbdkYrSwf/ 'Gg'ofajrmHjim;/ ,if;w&m;ESdKuf/ jrDpm;aysmHysuf/ t&if;0ufwnfh/ vdkufwGufrSmrl/ wdkifoljrD&Sif/ rQyifcHap/ raorajymH/ qwfarsmHyGm;euf/ w0ufwdkifol/ ,lapwHka&Smif;/ jrDawmif;aMumif;jcif;/ cHwrf;jcif;rl/ vludkjrDudk/ ESpf&yfudkwnfh/ wdkifqdkrdMu/ pum;vdkufqwf/ tyfjcif;av;ck/ y'kqdkavsmH/ oHk;qifhajrmHum;/ jrDpm;ESifhjrD/ uRefESifhjrDwGif/ jrDudkqwfrl/ jrD,luif;wGef/ uRefjrDjzpfjim;/ ESpfyg;vHk;tyf/ enf;w&yfrSm/ yDrmw0/ ued|ESifh/ aZ|tpfr/ ESr[lvQif/ om;igrSwf/ cH'efvwfí/ rvGwfrDMum;/ jrDpm;ajy;u/ tyf&\[l/ tjcm;olvQif cHrlvGwfrS/ ajy;vuwnfh/ tyf&wHka&Smif;/ jrDrawmiftyf/ &yfckESpfcef;/ ed'gef0,fom/ ygjyDrSwfydkuf/ þESdKufxl;um;/ ESpful;ppfa&;/ jrdKYoaEå;rSwf/ eu©wfw&m;/ ig;yg;&yfaumif;/ a[mif;rludkifrl/ jrD[lorQ/ per<uif;/ cyif;yHk,if/ qHkuHkpifonf/ jrD&SiftvGef arSmHrSm;wnf/ 48 ouú&mZfwGuf/ acs;aiGYeufu/ txufjyHqwf/ ,if;w&yfwnfh/ acs;tyf&if;pD/ qwfeD;wHkvQif/ ,if;udk&if;jyK/ v,fwGufpkESifh/ ESdrfcktajy/ ajytHhwwef/ uRefpm&if;rSwf/ rjywfvkwfcGef/ ay;rnfrSH[k/ qdk[Hwcsuf/ csKyf&uftnD/ rqyfbDaomf/ xdkþydkifap/ qdkawGwuGJ/ rnfvGJcsKyfrkwf/ acs;vwfwck/

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aumif;rIbefqif;/ &if;yGm;qyfrnf/ qdkonfwjcm;/ pum;ajcmHcef;/oHk;cGef;ajrmHwGif/ vkwfcGif0ifESifh/ &if;wGif;ESpfq/ rSDuajy&m/ av;rSm,Gif;u/ ,if;ESpfqwnf/ oGif;r&aumif;/ oGif;wHka&Smif;u/ qyf&&if;yGm;/ yGm;ra&mHcif/ oGif;vQif;&if;om/ usefav;jzmESdKuf/ pmcsKyftvdkuf/ rpGJxdkufvQif/ vufa&mH&if;rSm/ rSwfygESpfq/ yOörxl;csuf/ csKwfxGufwdkifqyf/ pyfrQ0ufpD/ ajcmHvDajrmHwGif/ xlonfhtifrl/ jrD,lusifhwef/ rif;'Pfoifhap/ þajcmHaxGum;/ jrD½Siftm;udk/ jrDpm;vSnfhywf/ w&m;rSwfavmh/ rwwfuHktm;/ jrDpm;EGrf;vs/ jrD&Sifuom/ udk,fhiSgudkok/ OpömjyKacs/ qyfa&;wwef/ csdrfjyH&if;pD;/ qwfeD;wHkvQif/ jrD&SifOpöm/ tyf&mnTefjy/ ,l&jrDpm;/ qwdjim;wcsuf/ &if;yGm;wGufí/ qwfvsufapawG/ jcm;okaiGESifh/ ajzvSnfhvao;/ jyHay;rnfí/ qwfoa&GYaMu;/ ray;wjcm;/ &if;yGm;jrD&yf/ rqwfEdkifacs/ a&TaiGpyg;/ qifhyGm;wtif/ ouf&SifOpöm/ wH&mjyufvQif/ aiGpm&if;jzifh/ acs;jcif;wck/ aiGacs;[krSwf/ jrufwla&mif;av aponfwcef;/ ajcmHcGef;teuf/ a&S;ESpfcsufrl/ aemH,lorQ/ t&if;uswnfh/ wwd,wGif/ jrD&Sif,lxdkuf/ av;cGef;ESdKufrl/ ,l&if;ESpfq/ wenf;jytHh/ aiGay;p&Sd/ odavmxHydk;/ pyg;rsdK;rSSm/ av;qomwnfh/ ig;jzmcsKyfbd/ ESKyfuwdESdKuf/ aiGay;rSdu/ ESpfqwdkufvQif/ roGif;bl;xGef/ ,lwdkif;jyHap/ aorlESpfq/ q,f&ufrQwGif/ EGm;acgif;ta&/ jyEdkifay;rl/ vGwfaptoefY/ vdlvGefYa&mif;u/ aiGwdk;us\/ q|pum;/ ½IH;tyGm;udk/ jrDpm;wm0ef/ &if;ESpfjyHMu/ ay;qwf&\/ yupa&mH/ jrD&SifaumHudk/ aemifaMumHpdrfhvwf/ cyfavmrif;'Pf/ pD&if&efwnfh/ tvGef½IwfaxG;/ jrDayvlaumH/ jrD,larSmHatmif/ axmHrarQmfvwf/ pmayrSwfonf// vSnfhywfcsif;&m ajcmHyg;wnf;/ / 49 jrD&SifwOD;/ txl;MuHí/ uRefcHrSwfa&;/ xufay;aiGESifh/ apvTwfabmHum;/ oGm;onfw&yf/ xufaiGjyH,l/ uRefjzpfrlí/ apolwjcm;/ jyDpmydkifeuf/ ouf&SdrJhudk/ xGufbGJYbdk;wef/ 0,f[Hodrf;,l/ olvnfwcsuf/ ,if;teufwGif/ >rufcJhtp/ yxrESdKuf/ a&mif;&&if;yGm;/ 'kpum;rSm/ jrDpm;udka&mif;/ aomif;ajymif;aiG&/ wwd,/ jrDpm;ydkifeuf/ oHk;csufþ&if;/ rsm;cyif;udk/ <uif;jrD&Sifrsm;/ rQípm;&Sifh/ þum;jrD,l/ jrDay;olwdkY/ twlvSnfhywf/ rSwfavmoHk;yg;/ rsm;onfjrD,l/ cHolwa&mH/ jrDpm;ajymHu/ jrDrsm;vSrl/ &if;rQqyfap/ enf;axG&if;yGm;/ uHkroGm;rl/ oGm;oltwGuf/ cHbuftrsm;/ jrDpm;wpfaysmH/ &if;yGm;a&mHwnfh/ aysmHwHkcH0H/ wa&mHusefrSm/ &if;omqyf>ruf/ csifhwGufom[l/ usefolwdkYtm;/ odMum;vQif;jy/ jiif;uyGm;&if;/ qif;&J;jyif;u/ udk,fwGufusrSef/ cH0Holtm;/ jrDpm;qdkrSd/ jypfr&Sdacs/ jrDpm;aovQif/ &if;wdkifolbuf/ &if;yGm0ufom/ &if;0ufom[k/ rSm\vao;/ ajy;aomfyGm;yg/ aemHvmawGYrl/ wdkifoljrD&yf/ qwfESifhorQ/ ESpfqjrD,l/ ay;ap[l\/ wdkifoludkifxm;/ jrDpm;udkvQif/ jrD&SifcHaomf/ vGefausmfjrDay;/ acs;ooludk/ awmif;qdkwHkaomf/ ravsmfaMumif;csif;/ wdkifoluif;jim;/ aemHpum;rSm/ w&m;wdkifol/ cHap[l\/ jrD,ludkwGef/ cH0efolvQif/ jrD&SifxHoGif/ ajy;wHkvQif;u/ t&if;qyfa&;/ jrD,lajy;vQif;/ qyfay;vm&m/ ygoludkawmif;/ enf;waMumif;rl/ wlr[kwfacs/ apíqwfvm/ olrSmaomfum;/ w&m;uif;uGm/

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uRefui,fol/ cdk;,lajy;vwf/ MuD;xD;vGwfwdkY/ rcRwfrif;'Pf/ &Sdwdkif;0efudk/ trSefraoG/ uscHap[k/ jzdK;a0pdkufaxmif/ rSefwaqmifonf/ / jrefabmifabmHav wGif;wGif;wnf/ / 70 udk,fh&Sifudka&mif;/ uReftaMumif;um;/ 4ifaovpf/ uRefrjzpfrD/ arGESpf&Sdu/ &apnmwd/ aqGr&Sdrl/ uRefwdjzpfrS/ yGm;orQrl/ ESpf0udkyif/ ocifxdkufouf/ uRefvufOpöm/ b@m&Sdpnf/tnwå&/ jyKuawmifcGifh/ roifhrSwfa&;/ ydkifbdk;aMu;ESifh/ uRefaus;udka&mif;/ jyefwHka&Smifjim;/ odrf;xm;&if;bdk;/ wdkYESifhqyfjrdKY/ ,if;odkYrIwfxGef/ uRefvkyfcGefyg/ tyf&mtjyD;/ oD;jcm;cHuRef/ rdrGefom&Sifh/ jzpfvifhtyfao;/ wOD;ajy;&m/ wOD;rSmuif;/ cH0efvQif;rl/ ruif;oif;bG,f/ r0,fbd/ od0,facsa&Smif/ &Sifa[mif;rIaygif;/ taMumif;aMumif;rl/ cHoluif;a0;/ uRefajy;udk&Sifh/ udk,fyifa&mif;vpf/ rxdkufjzpfí/ &if;ppf&SifaxGY/ brf;íac:iif/ rawGYcifajy;jyef/ a&S;[efa&mif;vQif/ 'kwGifrSawGY/a&mif;í'k&Sif/ &if;&SifnDrQ/ rZösdrum;/ r&a0yHk/ udk,fbdk;wHkvnf;/ OóHkuif;vGwf/ urefajy;vwfaomf/ a&mif;abmfygol/ tyfap[l&Sifh/ ol\xHwGif/ udk,fhuRefjrifvsuf/ tvQifrqdk/ aemHudkajy;rS/ &Sifubrf;jyD;/ twD;vu©H/ qufqefcGifhpGJ/ vGJ\odkYaomf/ rIcif;ay:rl/ vu©HolcHbG,f/ 0,frnfqdkifa&Smif;/ ra&mif;aemHrS/ uRefajy;uqdkifol/ jypfjrLvGwfbd/ rsufpdapmif;rSdwf/ acgif;vnf;ndwfu/ uRefbdk;rQavsmf&H/ cdk;'PfvGwfrI/ wOD;okuRef/ rsm;wdkYuRefudk/ vrf;nTefcdk;a&mif;/ awmif;aomf0Sufa&;/ araomfuG,fuef/ cdk;jypf'Pfwnfh/ odkYwGefrIwfaxG/ ajymjyapum/ csifhwmaESmif;a&Smif/ ydkifaygifuRef½dk;/ aqGrsdK;om;ajr;/ i,faoG;okxH/ aygifESHMuD;vpf/ &Sifopfxdrf;jrm;/ yGm;rSa&mif;ol/ qdkrlbGm;orQ/ wl7ESpf&Sif/ rsm;jzifhom;ajr;/ bGm;arG;rSom/ qdkigrxdkuf/ vdkuf&muRefajy;/ aus;&Gm&Sifwm;xGef/ csif0efbdk;wef/ cH0efwdkif;ay;&/ ajy;jyefu/ ajy;'PfrcH0efí/ jypfraiGYjyD/ uRefajy;Opöm/ udkom&Sif&/ rI&Sdu&Sifuif;/ rIcyif;Esifh/ ay;&if;vufp/ &SducHol/ wm0ef[lí/ ajr§;xlarm[/ wda&uwnfh/ 0daooarSmif/ uif;vGwfatmifonf/ / nmPfa&mifawmHapvifvif;wnf;/ / 71 tdrfaps;r@myf/ p&yfa&qdwf/ ynf;odwfAdkvfajc/ qufqefajcí/ ajy;avuRefESifh/ wlaevifhvnf;/ roifhjypf'Pf/ rrSefc&D;/ wlrSD;rod/ r&Sda'go/ odursdK;uRef/ rSefrlcdk;jypf/ uRefajy;jzpfvsuf/ EG,f&Sufoum;/ odrf;xm;ac:,l/ jypfjrLray:/ odkYaomfwd0ó/ cH0ef&vdrfh/ wd0ówGif;/ csif;ajy;vmap/ wa'oa&mH/ &du©maxmHap/ oHk;ESpfajrmH&Sifh/ cH0efjcif;aMumifh/ jypfvGifhap[l/ jcm;ol&if;odkY/ jyKwdkYcdk;'Pf/ ajy;uRefrod/ &SdonfrIcif;/ aqmif&GufvQif;rS/ acR;ro®uf/ qufo©ifawGY/ uHkoíay;rS/ uRef&wHkbd/ odp&dwfvwf/ t&yfa0;rl/ w0uf[l&Sifh/ ajy;oluRefwGif/ rI&SdvQif&SifvGwf/ aooifhvyfvsuf/ rowfxm;&m/ Mum;rSm&SifawGY/ aemHa&SYocif/ rQyifa&mif;pm;/ jcm;okuRefudk/ yEémay;axG/ cdk;apa&mif;ap/ 0,facs&SifawGY/ odrf;ívnf;,l/ cdk;oluuRefwpf/ 0,fvpfcdk;wuf/ ESpfcsufvnf;&/ tdrfysufrESifh/ 'goa&Smifjim;/ bGm;orQ&Sif,l/ vGwfolcdk;axG/ uRefaobdk;us/ raoucdk;wuf/ ckyfcgefxGufESpfrSm/

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tMudrfMudrf txyfxyf/ wnfjy#fjyifqifí/ oa0ydk'fr/ 0doZÆeDa&SqD;tjrpf ed*¾[dwfrSpí/ rcRwfr,Gif;ap&/ ae&musrefuefaocsm&Sdonftwdkif;/ okawoe/okwoEédpö,jzpfaom/ trsdK;aumif;om;wdkY/ usrf;&if;rlrSef vufpGJjyKí/ avhvmrSwfom; ul;,lMunfh½Iapjcif;iSg/ &wemyHkaejynfawmf a&Teef;awmfMuD;ajrmH O,nf awmf/ twGif;/ pmyHkESdyfpuf½HkwGif/ pufq&marmifa&Tom/ pmawmfbwfatmifajrompnf/ jrdKYpma&;aersdK;rif;vSodcFolwdkYudk/ MuD;MuyfMunfh½IapjyD;vQif/ aocsmrSefuefpGm/ yHkESdyfapí/ ouú&mZf 1231ck owif;uRwfväef;15&uf/4aeYtjyD;odkYa&mH\/ / þt×oHcdyfusrf;ESdKuf yg&Sdonf tqHk;tjzwfrsm;wGif/ wpdk;wpdt½l0dk;0g;/ ,HkrSg;ouFm&SdvQif/ a&SmifwcifESKyfy,f jyifqifcsif;udk rjyKrlí/ pmygusrf;OD;a& 30ausmfwdkYESdKuf rvmr&SdrS/ ESKyfy,fjyifqifapuHkownf;/ / pkvpfe,fy,fwGif/ rSDwif;|m0&/ aevurl/tonf[l\/ rwlemfvm/ vGwfolrSmudk/ uyÜm;qdk\/ wdkuyÜm;u/ tonfrESifh/ usvqiftvm/ rSwfjyD;cgrS/ wrmapa&Smf/ aumfbHkwHkvJ/ uifvJtkyf&Spf/ r½dk;ppfrD;aoG;a&;&ef xrf;bl;pnf/ rusnf;rSnfhwaxG/ a&eHyGJnuf/ 12csufudk/ o&ufcHkurf/ anmif&rf;rif;w&m;/ jyXmef;xm;&Sifh/ wjcm;xdkrS/ aESmx,k,k/ 3ckwGifbuf/ wjrufvGefqef/ befcg;rGef[k/ uGJjyefaomfvnf;/ a7S;enf;omcdkif/ tonfqdkif&Sif/ vkyfudkifacsm0ef/ rSeforQrSg/ onfvmuyÜm;/ pkjcm;ajym/ aMu;oHk;&mu/ xuf0ufuspD/ ur,xm/ qHkap&monf/ / pnfvma&S;uwHk;wef;wnf;/ / y×oHcdyf"r®owf 1241ck owif;uRwfväef; 11&ufaeYa&;í jyD;\/ MWT-0016-00 to MWT-0016-58