WiMAX Overview

ZTE University

CDMA-BSS Team

Contents

• WiMAX Standards / Evolution

• WiMAX Forum• Industry Status and Growth Forecast• WiMAX Spectrum• WiMAX Features and Advantages• Network Architecture• Network Profiles

WiMAX Standard Evolution Based on WMAN developed by 802.16 group

Line-of Sight (LOS)

Point-to-Multipoint

10 – 66 GHz band

Single carrier PHY layer

TDM MAC layer

802.16

(Dec 2001)

802.16a

(Jan 2003)

Non-LOS application 2 – 11 GHz band

support OFDM based PHY layer Support for OFDMA in

MAC layer

IEEE 802.16-2004

(Jun 2004)

IEEE 802.16e-2005

(Dec 2005)

Fixed application

Fixed WiMAX

Nomadic and mobile application

Mobile WiMAX

WiMAX ApplicationsFixed

802.16-2004 (OFDM)

Nomadic/Portable802.16-2004 (OFDM) &

early 802.16e (SOFDMA)

Mobile802.16-2005 (SOFDMA)

Fixed Outdoor

Backhaul

NomadicHotZone

Portable Indoor

MobileCellular

Deployments

Wi-Fi* Hotspot

EnterpriseCampus Networks

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

PTP and PMP networking Outdoor antenna deployments Data and voice service 802.16-2004 OFDM mode Fixed mode No handoffs

Outdoor and indoor coverage PCMCIA cards 802.16-2004 OFDM mode BBM handoffs for portable model Supporting sleep mode

Cellular deployments, high frequency reuse, and backend infrastructure enabling mobile services

Indoor usage model with advanced antenna options

802.16-2005 SOFDMA mode Embedded clients for PCs and

handhelds MBB advanced handoffs Data, Audio, Voice, Video

802.16 Basic Data

802.16 802.16-2004 802.16e-2005

Status Completed December 2001 Completed June 2004 Completed December 2005

Frequency band 10GHz–66GHz 2GHz–11GHz 2GHz–11GHz for fixed; 2GHz–6GHz for mobile

applications

Application Fixed LOS Fixed NLOS Fixed and mobile NLOS

MAC architec-ture Point-to-multipoint, mesh Point-to-multipoint, mesh Point-to-multipoint, mesh

Transmission scheme Single carrier only Single carrier, 256 OFDM or 2,048 OFDM Single carrier, 256 OFDM or scalable OFDM

with 128, 512, 1,024, or 2,048 subcarriers

Modulation QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM

Gross data rate 32Mbps–134.4Mbps 1Mbps–75Mbps 1Mbps–75Mbps

Multiplexing Burst TDM/TDMA Burst TDM/TDMA/ OFDMA Burst TDM/TDMA/ OFDMA

Duplexing TDD and FDD TDD and FDD TDD and FDD

Channel band-widths 20MHz, 25MHz, 28MHz 1.75MHz, 3.5MHz, 7MHz, 14MHz, 1.25MHz,

5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 8.75MHz 1.75MHz, 3.5MHz, 7MHz, 14MHz, 1.25MHz,

5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 8.75MHz

WiMAX implementation None 256 - OFDM as Fixed WiMAX Scalable OFDMA as Mobile WiMAX

IEEE 802.16 Active Standards

Air Interface 802.16-2004 – Fixed WiMAX 802.16e-2005 – Mobile WiMAX

Maintenance 802.16-2004/Cor1-2005 – Corrigendum to IEEE 802.16,

published along with IEEE 802.16e-2005 Network Management

802.16f-2005 – Management Information Base 802.16g-2007 – Management Plane Procedures and

Services Conformance

802.16/Conformance03-2004 – Radio Conformance Tests (RCT) for 10-66 GHz

802.16/Conformance04 – Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) for Frequencies below 11 GHz.

Future Development – 802.16m

Also referred to as WiMAX II Proposed for IMT-Advanced as 4G standard. Peak data rates up to 100 Mbits/s for mobile, and 1 Gbits/s for

fixed/nomadic bandwidth. 1st version is expected to come out by the end of 2009. Backwards compatible to mobile WiMAX.

Contents

• WiMAX Standards / Evolution• WiMAX Forum• Industry Status and Growth

Forecast• WiMAX Spectrum• WiMAX Features and Advantages• Network Architecture• Network Profiles

WiMAX Forum

Founded in April, 2001 Aims to promote and certify compatibility and interoperability Made up of 15 board members and 472 member companies Contributes to foster a thriving ecosystem

Board Member of WiMAX Structure of WiMAX Members

OperatorsSilicon/

Semiconductor Companies

Government/ Regulatory Agencies

Standards Bodies

CPE/ Embedded Solutions

System Vendors

Ecosystem and Partnerships

Working Groups

Applications Working Group (AWG)

Certification Working Group (CWG)

Global Roaming Working Group (GRWG)

Marketing Working Group (MWG)

Network Working Group (NWG)

Regulatory Working Group (RWG)

Service Provider Working Group (SPWG)

Technical Working Group (TWG)

Network & Air Interface Requirements

Worldwide Spectrum Policy

Real World Showcase & Simulation Modeling

Certification Testing & Plug-fests

Air Interface System Profiles & Test Scripts

Marketing Communications &

Membership

End-to-End Network Specifications

Assure & Accelerate Global Roaming

President

Working Groups

AWG – defines application over WiMAX that are necessary to meet core competitive offerings, and that are uniquely enhanced by WiMAX.

CWG – handles operational aspects of the WiMAX Forum Certified Program.

GRWG – assures availability of roaming service for WiMAX networks.

MWG – promote WiMAX forum, its brand and standards.

NWG – creates higher level networking specifications for fixed, portable, nomadic, and mobile WiMAX systems beyond what is defined in the scope of 802.16.

RWG – influences worldwide regulatory agencies to promote WiMAX friendly, globally harmonized spectrum allocation.

SPWG – provides coordinated input from service providers to the other working groups. It is the single source for coordinated recommendations and requirements that drives the network and air interface specification for WiMAX.

TWG – develop technical product specifications and certification test suites complementary to the IEEE 802.16, for the purpose of interoperability and certification of MS, SS and BS conforming to 802.16.

WiMAX Profiles

System profiles and Certification profiles are defined by WiMAX forum to reduce the scope of the standard. A smaller set of design choices for implementation is defined for practical reasons of interoperability.

A system profile defines the subset of mandatory and optional PHY- and MAC-layer features selected by the WiMAX Forum from the IEEE 802.16-2004 or IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard.

Fixed System Profile – OFDM PHY based on IEEE 802.16-2004

Mobility System Profile – OFDMA PHY based on IEEE 802.16e-2005 scalable

A certification profile is defined as a particular instantiation of a system profile where the operating frequency, channel bandwidth, and duplexing mode are also specified.

WiMAX equipment are certified for interoperability against a particular certification profile.

Certification Testing Certification testing are

performed in multiple releases and waves. Multiple releases are necessary to test products as they evolve over time with new features/specifications.

New releases new test for new features as well as previously tested features, in different waves of testing.

Release 1 - Wave 1 & Wave 2Wave 1 Wave 2

Physical CINR using Preamble o oPhysical CINR using Pilots o oEffective CINR using Pilots oRSSI Measurements o oDL QPSK o oDL 16-QAM o oDL 64-QAM o oUL QPSK o oUL 16-QAM o oNormal MAP o oCompressed MAP o oSub UL/DL MAP o o2nd Order Matrix A/B oCollaborative Spatial Multiplexing oFast Feedback on DL oMode Selection Feedback w/ 6-bits oMIMO UL-DL Chase oPUSC w/ Dedicated Pilots oAMC 2x3 w/ Dedicated Pilots oUL Sounding 1 (Type A) oUL Sounding 2 oCINR Measurement (Group Indication) oMIMO Permutation Feedback Cycle o

CINR Measurement

Release 1 PHY Profile

Modulation

MAP Support

MIMO(IO MIMO for BS)

AAS/BF(IO BF for BS)

Wave 1 Wave 2PUSC o oPUSC w/ All Subchannels o oFUSC o oAMC 2x3 oPUSC o oAMC 2x3 oInitial Ranging o oHandoff Ranging o oPeriodic Ranging o oBandwidth Request o o

Fast Feedback 6-bit o oRepetition o oRandomization o oConvolutional Coding (CC) o oConvolutional Turbo Coding (CTC) o oInterleaving o o

H-ARQ Chase Combining o oBS Time/Freq Synchronization N/A N/ABS-BS Freq Synchronization N/A N/AMSS Synchronization o oClosed-loop Power Control o oOpen-loop Power Control o o

Channel Coding

Synchronization

Power Control

Release 1 PHY Profile

DL Subcarrier Allocation

UL Subcarrier Allocation

Ranging andBandwidth Request

Certification Testing – Key Components Conformance testing

verify whether a vendor’s implementation of the standard is compliant to a set of 802.16-2004/HyperMAN specifications selected by the WiMAX Forum.

Interoperability testing verify whether a vendor’s subscriber unit is able to establish

a link and communicate with two other vendor’s base stations,

verify whether a vendor’s base station is able to establish a link and communicate with two other vendor’s subscriber units.

Radio Conformance Testing (RCT)

Protocol Conformance Testing (PCT)

Interoperability Testing (IOT) or

Mobile Interoperability Testing (MIOT)

Current testing Current testing modulesmodules

Contents

• WiMAX Standards / Evolution• WiMAX Forum• Industry Status and Growth Forecast• WiMAX Spectrum• WiMAX Features and Advantages

• Network Architecture• Network Profiles

Industry Status

To date, more than 62 companies are developing WiMAX chipsets and end user devices, and 37 companies developing infrastructure equipment.

Their products are used in WiMAX deployments by 407 operators in 133 countries as of September 2008.

Subscriber Penetration

WiMAX Users by Region 2007-2012

WiMAX User Penetration by Region 2007 & 2012

Operators and Countries

WiMAX Operators & Countries 2007-2012

Average WiMAX Users by Operator & Country 2007-2012

Contents

• WiMAX Standards / Evolution• WiMAX Forum• Industry Status and Growth Forecast• WiMAX Spectrum• WiMAX Features and Advantages

• Network Architecture• Network Profiles

WiMAX Spectrum

Canada

2.5, 3.5 GHz

USA

2.3, 2.5, 3.7 GHz

Central &South America

2.5, 3.5GHz

Europe

2.5 & 3.5GHz

Middle East &Africa

2.5, 3.5 GHz

Russia2.5 & 3.5 GHz

China

3.5 GHz

SE Asia

2.5, 3.3 GHz

Korea &Asia Pacific

2.3 2.5, 3.3, 3.5 GHz

Global Spectrum Use

Contents

• WiMAX Standards / Evolution• WiMAX Forum• Industry Status and Growth Forecast• WiMAX Spectrum• WiMAX Features and Advantages

• Network Architecture• Network Profiles

WiMAX Main Features

OFDM-based physical layer Very high peak data rates Scalable bandwidth and data

rate support Adaptive modulation and coding Link layer retransmission Support for TDD and FDD Orthogonal Division Multiple

Access

Flexible and dynamic per user resource allocation

Support for advance antenna techniques

Quality of Service support

Robust Security Support for Mobility IP-based architecture

CDMA EV-DO, HSPA Vs WiMAXAttribute 1xEV DO RevA HSDPA/HSUPA Mobile WiMAX

Base Standard CDMA2000/IS-95 WCDMA IEEE 802.16e-2005

Duplex Method FDD FDD TDD

Downlink TDM CDM-TDMUplink Multiple

AccessCDMA CDMA OFDMA

Modulation DL QPSK/8PSK/16QAM QPSK/16QAM QPSK/16QAM/64QAM

Modulation UL BPSK,QPSK/8PSK BPSK/QPSK QPSK/16QAM

Coding Turbo CC,Turbo CC, Turbo

DL Peak Over theAir Data Rate

3.1Mbps 14Mbps46 Mbps, DL/UL=332 Mbps, DL/UL=1

(10 MHz BW)

UL Peak Over theAir Data Rate

1.8Mbps 5.8Mbps7 Mbps, DL/UL=14 Mbps, DL/UL=3

(10 MHz BW)

HARQFast 4-ChannelSynchronous IR

Fast 6-ChannelAsynchronous CC

Multi-ChannelAsynchronous CC

SchedulingFast Scheduling in

the DLFast Scheduling in

the DLFast Scheduling in the

DL and UL

Handoff Virtual Soft handoffNetwork Initiated

Hard HansoffNetwork Optimized

Hard Handoff

Tx Diversity andMIMO

Simple Open LoopDiversity

Simple Open &Closed Loop

DiversitySTBC, SM

Beamforming No Yes Yes

Performance Comparison

Higher Throughput and Efficiency

WiMAX and Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi (Include 802.11n) is more suitable for the fixed, small coverage usage

WiMAX is one of carrier-level technique, suitable for operator to deploy large scale mobile network

802.11a/b/g 802.11n 802.16eFrequency 2.4G, 5G 2.4G, 5G 2.3G, 2.5G, 3.3G, 3.5G

Mobility Fixed Fixed Fixed, Nomadic, MobileChannel Bandwidth 20M 20M 5M/10M/20M

Coverage 10-30m 30-300m 300m-10km, Cellular ApplicationMaximum Throughput 54Mbps 108Mbps 70Mpbs

Access Method DSSS, FHSS,OFDM DSSS, FHSS,OFDM OFDMAAdvanced Antenna None MIMO STC, MIMO

Frequency Efficiency Low High HighComplexity Low Low High

Qos None None 5 QosStandard finished Draft 3.0 Stage finished in 2006.02

LTE, UMB 16e and 16m

Contents

• WiMAX Standards / Evolution• WiMAX Forum• Industry Status and Growth Forecast• WiMAX Spectrum Allocation• WiMAX Features and Advantages

• Network Architecture• Network Profiles

WiMAX Network Reference Model

ASN CSN Services

Network Elements

Mobile Station (MS) or Subscriber Station (SS) refers to the user equipment and/or software needed for communication with the WiMAX network.

The Base Station (BS) is defined as representing one sector with one frequency assignment implementing the IEEE 802.16e interface to the MS. UL and DL scheduling Traffic classification and Service Flow Management

(SFM) Tunneling and message relay function between BS

and AGW Reception and encryption key to MS Provide terminal activity (active, idle) status

Network Elements

Access Service Network Gateway (AGW) performs management of BS and interconnects BS to the CSN Provide ASN location management and paging Server for network session and mobility management Acts as an authenticator and performs Service Flow

Authorization (SFA). Performs routing (IPv4/IPv6) to selected CSNs.

CSN stands for Communication Service Network IP address allocation to MS for user sessions. Policy and QoS management Subscriber billing and inter-operator settlement. Inter-CSN tunneling for roaming. Inter-ASN mobility management.

Reference Point

Reference Points are conceptual links that connects two groups of functions that reside in different functional entities of the ASN, CSN, or MS – which aims to ensure multi-vendor interoperability.

R1 – implement the air interface specifications between MS and ASN.

R2 – logical interface between MS and CSN. Used for authentication, authorization, IP configuration management and mobility management.

R3 – provide tunneling and transfer of IP data between ASN and CSN.

R4 – standard interface to enable MS mobility between different ASN.

R5 – provide a set of protocols for interworking between home and visited CSN.

R6 – provide a set of protocol for communication between BS and ASN-GW.

R7 – optional set of control protocols for coordination between ASN-GW

R8 – enable message flows between BS to ensure fast and seamless handover.

Contents

• WiMAX Standards / Evolution• WiMAX Forum• Industry Status and Growth Forecast• WiMAX Spectrum• WiMAX Features and Advantages

• Network Architecture• Network Profiles

Network Profiles Profile B has both BS and AGW in an integrated unit. Profile B has some

limitations in paging, handover and mobility. Profile A and Profile C has similar construction with some exceptions:

Profile A handover function and radio resource controller is found in the AGW

Profile C handover function and radio resource controller is found in the BS

Profile A has been canceled in Madrid conference. Profile C employs the open R6 interface making it suitable for large

deployment.

ZTE Mobile WiMAX Network Architecture

ASN Profile C Cellular

deployments Seamless coverage Full QoS support Support fixed,

nomadic, portable, simple mobility and full mobility