0 programmer's. manual for the tactical …witus et al. user's manual for the tactical...
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RESEARCH NOTE 80-15
0 PROGRAMMER'S. MANUAL FOR THE
TACTICAL OPERATIONS SYSTEM
ANALYSIS PACKAGE
Gary Witus, Mark Meerschaert, Donald Kleist
VECTOR RESEARCH, INCORPORATED' P.O. Box 1506
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106
Human Factors Technical Area
DTIC
a FC=9=3 NO-CV Z238 190
DU. S. Army
Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
LiJ May 1980
LA.=_ Contract OAHCl9-78-C-0027
Aproved for ,ubli reiease: distribution unilmittd.
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Wham Data Bim _________________
REPORT DO~LLMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COhIPIMG~h FORM1. RORT NUN mGER' (b I 12. GOVT ACCESN No. 3. RECIPIENTSA.G N UMMER
7;F _f4Research Notes 80-15 1D4 ~ ~ _____________
S. 0"IL 31"dobi) S . TYPE d'FNUTP6RT A PERIOD COVERED
( }Programser's Manual for the Tactical / InemMa79ay8
I", GarY/Witus."MarkjMeerschaert, DonaldlKleist IDAHC1 9-78-C-W27<
S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 40. PROGRAM ELEMENT PRJET. TASK
Vector Research, Incorporated, ~iwu-.~~P0 Bog 1506 C/1/M - -2Q679A793 ,1.
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106Tak1Wrui01It. COTO FICE NAME AND ADDRESS I&--12 REPORT DATE
COCO M ~AGField Office (ii25 Februau 1980ATTN: DRDCO- FL 13 I. NUNMB9R Of' PAGES
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US Army Research Institute for the Behavioraland Social Sciences Unclassified
ATTN: PERI-OS 1646 I!IAIK7UICATION0O1ONRAOI
5001 Eisenhower Ave Alexandria VA 22333 ______________I&. mSTA1111TION STATEMENT (of 008- RGPeat
Approved for open release; distribution unliif ted.
17. DISTRI§UTI@N STATEMENT (of Mhe 8606eF21 00100d do Noeok H51 49Meam *410 Repeat
1S. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
This research was technically monitored by Mr. Robert S. Andrews-andDr. Stanley M. Halpin of ARI adid LTC Larry Walker of CORADCOM.
S.KEY WORDS (Cantame am o~ rel At aessr OW..a m damtitt by block mmb)
Conmmand and Control Information Management Standing Oper~tingComunications Information Sumumarization Procedures (SOP)Computers Mathmatical Modeling Tactical OperationsData base Management Networks System (TOS)Design aid Queueing
20. AeSTRACT (Continue am rovies side It noeo..wy mIanE ihnef byc Webek )
* This document discusses the programing details of a computer programpackage for the analysis of the Tactical Operations System (TOS).The program computer code is included. These programs were producedduring the second phase of a project to develop information managementconcepts and procedures for automated battlefield commnand and controlsystems.
DD I 1473 EDITIOO OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE
.< / (/ / ~ SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Wham0 0010-41ee
mI
PREFACE
This document is one of eight reports which describe the work
performed by Vector Research, Incorporated (VRI) and its subcontractor,
Perceptronics, Incorporated, for the US Army Research Institute for the
Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI) under the second phase of contract
number DAHC19-78-C-0027. The work described was performed over 12 months
of an anticipated 36-month three-phased project. The overall objective
of the project has been to produce procedural guidelines to be used by
divisions in the field in developing standard operating procedures for
information management in the Tactical Operations System (TOS). As a
consequence of the redirection of the TOS development effort in November
1979, the objective of this work was reinterpreted to include automated
battlefield comand control systems (ABCCS) in general, using TOS for an
explicit example of the design, human factors, and management control
considerations which must be addressed.
The VRI study team for phase II was comprised of Dr. Robert W. Blum
(Project Leader), Ms. Cathleen A. Callahan, Dr. W. Peter Cherry, Mr. Mark
G. Graulich, Mr. Donald Kleist, Mr. Mark Meerschaert, Mr. Gregory Touma,
and Mr. Gary Witus. The Perceptronics team for phase II consisted of Dr.
Michael G. Samet and Dr. Ralph E. Geiselman.
The authors wish to acknowledge the helpful contributions of Dr.
Stanley M. Halpin and Mr. Robert Andrews, who were charged with
monitoring the study for ARI; and LTC L. Walker, MAJ. A. Edmonds, and Mr.
M. Carrio, who performed a similar function for that portion of the study
effort which was jointly sponsored with ARI by the US Army Communications
Research and Development Command (CORADCOM).
, ii
The eight reports are as follows:
Blum et al. Information Management for an Automated BattlefieldCommand and Control System: Executive Summary. ARI ResearchReport 1249. -- presents an overview of the project and theother seven reports.
Callahan et al. Guidelines for Managing the Flow of Informationin an Automated Battlefield Command and Control System. ARIResearch Report 1348. -- describes considerations in and-procedures for e management of contemporary ABCC systems.
Geiselman and Samet. Guideline Development for Summarization of
Tactical Data. ARI Technical Report 458. -- an analysis ofprocedures for the extraction, summarization, and presentationof critical information.
Witus et al. Analysis of Information Flow in the Tactical
Operations System (TOS). ARI Research Notes 80-12. --
describes the purpose, approach, and results of a TOS analysiswhich focused on TOS when integrated with a plannedcommunications support system.
Witus et al. Description of the Tactical Operations SystemInformation Flow Model. ARI Research Notes 80-13. --describes the representation of TOS used to develop the analysispackage and the mathematics of the model.
Witus et al. User's Manual for the Tactical Operations SystemAnalysis Package. ARI Research Notes 80-14. -- explains theuse and operation of the analysis package.
Witus et al. Programmer's Manual for the Tactical OperationsSystem Analysis Package. ARI Research Notes 80-15. --describes the programming details of the package to facilitatemodifications or transfer between host systems.
Cherry, W. All Source Analysis System: Design Issues. ARIWorking Paper HF8O-XX. -- a discussion of design issuesassociated with the emerging ASAS concept.
Accession For
DTIS GRA&I
DTIC TABUnannounced
Justificatio
*j J1 : ' C!/or --Di t ri I ;pI c i-
Av-. J
- ()
CONTENTS
Page
1.0OINTRODUCTION. .. ..... ...... ..........1-1
2.0 PROGRAM CREATE. .. ..... ...... ...... .. 2-1
2.1 Variables in Program Create .. ... ...... .. 2-12.2 Basic Flow of Program Create. .. ... ........ 2-132.3 Subroutines in Create. .. ..... ...... .. 2-172.4 Data File...................2-192.5 Code of Program'Create...............2-22
3.0 PROGRAM MODIFY. .. ..... ...... ..... ..... 3-1
3.1 Structure of Program MODIFY . . . . . .3-1
3.2 Code of Program Modify .. .. ..... ..... .. 3-33.3 Flow Charts of the Program Modify
and Selected Subroutines. .. ..... .... 3-5
4.0 PROGRAM DISPLAY .. .. ..... ..... ...... .. 4-1
5.0 PROGRAM COMPUTE.. .. ..... ..... ...... .... 5-1
APPENDIX A .. .. ..... ..... ...... ..... .. A-1
APPENDIX B ...... .. ... ..... ...... ........ B-1
APPENDIX C .. .. ..... ..... .. .. .. .. .. .... C-i
EXHIBITS
Number Title Page
1-1 Analysis Package Organization 1-2
2-1 Configuration Variables in CREATE 2-2
2-2 Communications System Variables in CREATE 2-5
2-3 Message Variables in CREATE 2-6
2-4 Route Cross Message Array Variables inCREATE 2-7
2-5 Engineering Data in CREATE 2-8
2-6 Environmental Variables in CREATE 2-11
2-7 Logic Variables in CREATE 2-12
2-8 Basic Flow of CREATE 2-14
2-9 Subroutines in CREATE 2-18
2-10 Output File Format 2-20
3-1 Structure of Program MODIFY 3-2
3-2 Data Modification Subroutines Used ByProgram MODIFY 3-4
3-3 Flowchart for Program MODIFY 3-6
3-4 Flowchart of Subroutine COMSYS 3-11
3-5 Flowchart of Subroutine LDFACT 3-14
3-6 Flowchart of Subroutine NOISE 3-15
5-1 Organization of COMPUTE 5-2
5-2 Flowchart for the Input andInitialization Module 5-3
5-3 Flowchart for the Traffic Flow Module 5-4
5-4 Flowchart for the Operating StatisticsModule 5-5
-map
j vi
EXHIBITS
Number Title Page
5-5 Flowchart for Segment A of the OperatingStatistics Module 5-6
5-6 Flowchart for Segment B of Operating
Statistics Module 5-7
5-7 Flowchart for Subroutine TRANS 5-8
5-8 Flowchart for the Performance MeasureModule 5-10
5-9 Flowchart for the Output Module 5-11
5-10 Variables in COMPUTE 5-12
5-11 Logical "/0 Unit Assignments 5-18
iU
i 1-1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
iThe purpose of this volume is to document the computer programs and
data structures in the TOS analysis package in sufficient detail to
enable a programmer to modify the package or transfer it between computer
systems. The volume is organized into five chapters and three appen-
dices. The remainder of this chapter discusses the overall organization
of the analysis package. Chapters 2.0 through 5.0 discuss, in turn, each
of the four computer programs in the package and present flowcharts,
descriptions of the variables and subroutines, and discussions of the
code. Appendix A contains a listing of the four programs. Appendix B
contains a variable name cross-reference dictionary. Appendix C contains
a statement label dictionary. All programs are written in standard
FORTRAN IV and contain internal commentary. They are currently
implemented on the Amdahl 470/V7 computer at The University of Michigan.
The analysis package performs three basic functions: (1) interact-
ing with the operator to set, alter, or examine the values of the inputs;
(2) performing the computations specified by the mathematics of the
model; and (3) displaying the outputs. The package consists of four
computer programs and one external data structure., he organization of
the package, the interactions between the programs and the data
structure, and the operator activities are shown in exhibit 1-1. Program
CREATE prompts the operator to specify values for all of the inputs in
the data file and uses them to create a new data file. Program MODIFY
reads an existing data file, and allows the user to select data elements
...
1-2
EXHIBIT 1-1: ANALYSIS PACKAGE ORGANIZATION
DATA COMPUTER OPERATORSTRUCTURE PROGRAMS ACTIVITY
CREATE .. .......... Set input values
Select input variablesMODIFY .. .. ........ to examine and set new
values for them
DATA, FILE
(INPUTS)
DISPLAY . ... ........ Receive display ofinput file
Set values for 2 inputs,COMPUTE . .......... .. select output format,
receive output
1-3
for display or modification. The program then creates a new data file.
Program DISPLAY reads, formats, and displays an existing data file.
Program COMPUTE performs all of the computations required by the model,
allows the operator to select the output format, and displays the
outputs.
L-A
2-1
2.0 PROGRAM CREATE
Program CREATE was written to facilitate construction of the data
file which contains input data for the TOS simulation. Program CREATE is
written in FORTRAN IV and is set up to be run interactively from a ter-
minal. The programming code and logic are straightforward and should
facilitate implementation on any computer the potential user desires.
The remainder of this section discusses the variables and characteristics
of program CREATE.
2.1 VARIABLES IN PROGRAM CREATE
Exhibits 2-1 through 2-7 contain all of the variables used in pro-
gram CREATE, indicate the type of variable as implemented in the program,
and give a definition of the meaning of each variables. The contents of
these exhibits are:
o Exhibit 2-1: Network Configuration Data
* Exhibit 2-2: Communications System Data
- Exhibit 2-3: Message Types Data
* Exhibit 2-4: Route Cross Message Data
Exhibit 2-5: Engineering Data
Exhibit 2-6: Error Rate Data
* Exhibit 2-7: Program Execution Controls
The variables which contain information about the TOS system have
names mnemonically derived so that understanding of the meaning of the
variables is facilitated. The exceptions to this general rule are the
logic variables which are used to control the program flow.
2-2
EXHIBIT 2-1: CONFIGURATION VARIABLES IN CREATE
Name Type Meaning
NBDE 1*4 The number of brigades
BDNAME(I) R*8 The name of Brigade I
NBN(I) 1*4 Number of battalions in Brigade I
BD(I) 1*4 Type of processor at Brigade I: = 1* if TCS, = 2 if TCT
NLINC(1) R*8 The name of the channel connectingBrigade I with the FEP
BNNAME(I,J) R*8 The name of Battalion J of Brigade I
BN(I,J) 1*4 The type of processor at Battalion '
of Brigade I: = 1 if TCS, = 2 of TCT
NLINK(I,J) R*8 The name of the channel connectingBattalion J to Brigade I
NOU 1*4 The number of Other TOS Users (Allusers which are not either brigadesor their subordinate battalionsare considered Other TOS users.)
OUNAME(1) R*8 The name of Other TOS User I
OU(I) 1*4 Type of processor at Other TOS UserI: = 1 if TCS, = 2 if TCT
NLINCK(1) R*8 Name of the channel connecting OtherTOS User I to the FEP
NC 1*4 The number of communication channelsin the TOS network
CNAMM() R*8 The name of TOS communication channel I
-- Continued --
2-3
EXHIBIT 2-1: CONFIGURATION VARIABLES IN CREATE(Continued)
Name Type Meaning
NR 1*4 The number of routes in the TOScommunication network: equals thenumber of Other TOS users plus numberof brigades plus number ofbattalions
RP(I,l) 1*4 The number of the route. Routes arenumbered in the same order as givenfor the route name. (The followingorder of routes is followedthroughout the TOS analysis package:routes numbered 1 through NOU are theOther TOS Users; routes NOU+1 toNOU+NBDE are Brigades 1 through NBDE,next come the battalions,'first thebattalions of Brigade 1 then thebattalions of 2, etc.)
RNAM(I) R*8 The name of route I.
RP(I,2) 1*4 The node with which node Icommunicates. By convention thisequals 0 (the FEP) for Other TOSUsers and Brigades. For a Battalion,it equals the route number of itsparent brigade
NL 1*4 Number of links, eouals the number ofroutes
LP(I,1) 1*4 Equal to RP(I,1), the number of thelink
LP(I,2) 1*4 Number of channel connecting node Iwith the FEP, if I is a brigade orOther TOS User, or with the parentbrigade if I is a battalion
LP(I,3) 1*4 The number of the node with whichnode I communicates. If node Icommunicates with the FEP, LP(I,3)equals NR plus 1, if node I is abattalion, LP(I,3) is the number ofIts parent brigade
-- Continued --
2-4
EXHIBIT 2-1: CONFIGURATION VARIABLES IN CREATE(Concluded)
Name Type Meaning
LINC(I) 1*4 The number of the channel connectingBrigade I with the FEP
LINK(I,J) 1*4 The number of the channel connectingBattalion J with Brigade I
LINCK(I)1*4The number of the channel connectingOther TOS User I with the FEP
IPD(I) 1*4 The type of processor at node I:1 If TCS, = 2 if TCT
NP 1*4 Number of processors: equal NR+1
NN 1*4 Number of nodes: equals NP + NC + 3
0
"It
2-5
EXHIBIT 2-2: COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM VARIABLESIN CREATE
Name Type Meaning
CD(I,1) R*4 Rise time, in milliseconds, ofChannel I
CD(I,2) R*4 Transmission rate, in characters persecond, of Channel I
CD(I,3) R*4 Proportion of time Channel I is beingused for voice communications
CD(I,4) R*4 Number of lines on Channel I
2-6
EXHIBIT 2-3: MESSAGE VARIABLES IN CREATE
Name Type Meaning
NM 1*4 Total number of message types in thesystem
NUM 1*4 Number of user-initiated messages inthe TOS system (By implication, thenumber of TOS-generated messages isNM - NUM)
MNAM(I) R*8 The name of Message Type I. (Byconvention user-initiated messagesare numbered I through NUM andTOS-initiated messages are numberedNUM + 1 through NM)
MD(Il) R*4 The average length in characters ofMessage Type I
IMP(I,1) R*8 The name of message type caused asoutput on the same route by MessageType I: = 0, if none
IMP(I,2) R*8 The name of message type caused asoutput on another route by MessageType I: = 0, if none or if Message Iis a TOS-generated message
MP(I,1) 1*4 The number of Message Type IMP(1,1)
MP(I,2) 1*4 The number of Message Type IMP(I,2)
1C)
2-7
EXHIBIT 2-4: ROUTE CROSS MESSAGE ARRAY VARIABLES IN CREATE(I = Route Number, J = Message Number)
Name Type Meaning
(If Jzs NUM, Message J is a user-initiated message)
RM(I,J,1) R*4 Initiation rate, in messages perhour, of Message J at Node I
RM(I,J,2) R*4 = 0, not used for user-initiatedmessages
RM(I,J,3) R*4 = 0 if I is not a battalion.Equals the probability that Message Jis deleted during hierarchical reviewat the parent brigade if I is abattalion
RM(I,J,4) R*4 = 0 if I is not a battalion.Equals the probability that Message Jis altered, but not deleted, duringhierarchical review at the parentbrigade if I is a battalion
'(If J>NUM, Message J is a TOS-initiated message)
RM(I,J,1) R*4 = a (I,J), proportionality constantused to determine the initiation rateof TOS-initiated Message J on route I
RM(I,J,2) R*4 = 8 (I,J), proportionality constantused to which determine the initia-tion rate of TOS-initiated Message Jon route I
RM(I,J,3) R*4 = 0, not used for TOS-initiatedmessages
RM(I,J,4) R*4 = 0, not used for TOS-initiatedmessages
2-8
EXHIBIT 2-5: ENGINEERING DATA IN CREATE
Name Type Meaning
DO() R*4 Message Disk Mean access time inmilliseconds
DD(2) R*4 Data Disk Mean access time in milli-seconds
GPD(1,1) R*4 CPU, in milliseconds per message,required to originate a message, at aTCS
GPD(1,2) R*4 CPU, in milliseconds per message,required to originate a message at aTCS
GPD(2,1) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to send themessage, at a TCS
GPD(2,2) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to send the messageat a TCS
GPD(3,1) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to receive amessage at a TCS
GPD(3,2) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to receive amessage, at a TCS
GPD(4,1) R*4 CPU,ime in milliseconds per message,to template check a message, at aTCS
GPD(4,2) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to template a checka message, at a TCS
GPD(5,1) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to terminate amessage, at a TCS
GPD(5,2) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to terminate amessage, at a TCS
-- Continued -
2-9
EXHIBIT 2-5: ENGINEERING DATA IN CREATE(Continued)
Name Type Meaning
GPD(6,1) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to terminate amessage, at a TCS
GPD(6,2) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to terminate amessage, at a TCS
GPD(7,1) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to originate amessage, at a TCS
GPD(7,2) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to originate amessage, at a TCS
GPD(8,1) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to send a message,at a TS
GPD(8,2) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to send a message,,at a TCS
GPD(9,1) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to send to receivea message, per message
GPD(9,2) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to receive amessage, at a TCS
GPD(1O,1) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to terminate amessage, at a TCS
GPD(1O,2) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to terminate amessage, at a TCS
GPD(11,1) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to initiate amessage, at a TCS
GPD(11,2) R*4 CPU, time in milliseconds permessage, required to initiate amessage at a TCS
-- Continued --
2-10
!4
EXHIBIT 2-5: ENGINEERING DATA IN CREATE(Concluded)
Name Type Meaning
MD(I,2) R*4 Data base processing time, inmilliseconds, of Message Type I
MD(I,3) R*4 Number of message disk reads orwrites for Message Type I
MD(I,4) R*4. Number of data disks reads or writesfor Message Type I
PD(I) 1*4 Number of templates at node I
MD(I,4) R*4 Number of data disks reads or writesfor Message Type I
PD(I) 1*4 Number if templates at node I:= 0 if node I is not a Brigade
PD(NR+1) 1*4 Number of templates at the FEP
0-
2-11
EXHIBIT 2-6: ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES IN CREATE
Name Type Meaning
LD(I,1) R*4 The bit error rate for a messagesent from Node I to the next node,in bits in error per 1000 bits
LD(I,2) R*4 The bit error rate for a messagesent to Node I, in bits in errorper 1000 bits
2-12
EXHIBIT 2-7: LOGIC VARIABLES IN CREATE U;
Name Type Meaning
IV 1*4 = 1 if user desires short prompts
ITCT 1*4 = 1 if a TCT is present in the TOSsystem
ITCT 1*4 = 2 if a TCT is present in the TOSsystem
IST 1*4 A temporary variable to determine ifTCSs and TCTs are present
TCS 1*4 Literally, the character string "TCS"
TCT 1*4 Literally, the character string "TCT"
IFG 1*4 = 1 if the Route cross Message arrayis to be read in later 0
IW 1*4 = 1 if the user desires to call thedisplay routine to print the data onthe terminal
IWF 1*4 =1 if the user desires to create anoutput file
(I, II, III, IJ, I1, 12, J, JI, JJ, JJJ, JK, JN, JR, K, RNUM are all
indices used in the CREATE logic)
1 2-13
A convention for numbering the users of the TOS system is followed
throughout all four of the computer programs. In this system, the first
users are always the non-brigade users of the TOS system. Immediately
following these are all of the brigade users. Following the brigades are
their battalion users: all the battalions of the first brigade, then all
the battalions of the second brigade, etc. In this way, the type of TOS
user can be inferred by its number without having to append additional
identifiers to the number or names. The use of this convention will
become obvious when the data file is discussed.
The arrays BDNAME, BNNAME, OUNAME, CNAM, RNAM, and MNAM are declared
as R*8 variables in program CREATE. They are, however, used as names in
CREATE and may contain strings of up to eight alpha-numeric characters.
They are included as a convenience to the user and are not used in the
logic of any of the programs in the TOS analysis package.
It should be noted that some of the variables in CREATE are
redundant. For example, the LP and RP arrays contain some of the same
information. This organization facilitated the coding of program
COMPUTE.
2.2 BASIC FLOW OF PROGRAM CREATE
Exhibit 2-8 contains a basic flowchart of program CREATE. The steps
in CREATE are implemented in a straightforward serial fashion. They are
set up so that succeeding steps use information which are input in
earlier steps. This information is used to control the internal DO
Loops so they provide the correct number of prompts.
2-14
EXHIBIT 2-8: BASIC FLOW OF CREATE
Step 0: Set IV for long or short prompts IV = 1 short
Step 1: Brigade InformationEnter number of Brigades: NBDEFor each Brigade, enter name, type of processor, and
number of Battalions: BDNAME(I), BD(I), NBN(I)Call CHECK for BD(I) to check name
Step 2: Battalion InformationFor each Battalion, enter name and type of processor
BNNAME(I,J), BN(I,J) ((I,J) = Battalion J of Brigade I)Call CHECK for BN(I,J) to check name
Step 3: Other TOS User informationEnter number of Other TOS Users: NOUFor each Other TOS User, enter name and type of processor
OUNAME(I), OU(I)Call CHECK for OU(I) to check name
Step 4: Channel DataEnter number of communications channels: NCFor each channel, enter the name CNAM(I)
Step 5: Connect User with ChannelsFor each Battalion, enter name of channel connecting it to its
parent Brigade, NLINK(I,J)Call CHECK 1 to check name and assign channel number to
LINK(I,J)For each Brigade enter name of channel connecting it to the
FEP: NLINC(I)Call CHECK1 to check name and assign channel number to
LINC(I)For each Other TOS User, enter name of channel connecting it to
the FEP: NLINCK(I)Call CHECK1 to check name and assign channel number to
LINCK(I)
Step 6: Make Configuration AssignmentsCompute NL, NR, NP, NNFor each TOS user, assign values to RNAM(I), RP(I,1), RP(I,2),
LP(I,1), LP(I,2), LP(I,3), IPD(I)Check to determine if configuration includes both TCSs and TCTs
-- Continued
2-15
EXHIBIT 2-8: BASIC FLOW OF CREATE(Continued)
Step 7: Message DataEnter number of messages and number of user initiated messages,
NM, NUMFor each user-initiated message enter name: MNAM(I)For each TOS-initiated message enter name: MNAM(I)For each user-initiated message enter mean length,
name of message caused as output on same route, and name ofmessage caused as output on other routes: MD(I,1), IMP(I,1),IMP(I,2)
Call CHECK2 to check message names and assign message numbersto MP(I,1) and MP(I,2)
For each TOS-initiated message, enter mean length: MD(I,1)Assign MP(I,1) = MP(I,2) - 0
Step 8: Route Cross Message Array(If Array to be inserted into file later, set 1FG=1 and bypassstep 8)For each Other TOS User, then for each Brigade, enter for each
user-initiated message the message initiation rate:RM(I,J,1). Then assign RM(I,J,2) = RM(I,J,3) = RM(I,J,4)=0
For each TOS-initiated message enter proportionalityconstants a(I,J) and 3 (1,J), RM(I,J,1) and RM(I,J,2).Then assign RM(I,J,3) = RM(I,J,4) = 0
For each Battalion, for each user-initiated message, enter themessage initiation rate, the probability that the message isdeleted at Brigade review and the probability the message isaltered at review: RM(I,J,1), RM(I,J,3), and RM(I,J,4).
Call CHECK 3 to insure probabilities are in the interval0-1; then assign RM(I,J,2) = 0
For each TOS initiated message, enter proportional-ityconstants a (I,J) and 8 (I,J), and RM(I,J,2); then assignRM(I,J,3) = RM(I,J,4) = 0
Step 9: Engineering DataEnter data disk and message disk access times: DD(l), andDD(2)Enter TCS data: GPD(I...5, 1 and 2)Enter TCT data: GPD(7...1O, 1 and 2)Enter FEP data: GPD(11, 1 and 2), and GPD(6, 1 and 2)For each channel, enter rise time, transmission rate, and
number of lines: CD(I,1), CD(I,2), and CD(I,4)For each message, enter data base processing time, number ofmessage disk reads or writes, and number of data disk readsor writes: MD(I,2), MD(I,3) and MD(I,4)
For each Brigade enter number of templates: PD(I)Enter number of templates at FEP: PD(NR+1)Assign PD(I) = 0 for all nodes not a Brigade or the FEP
Step 10: Voice Competition DataFor each channel, enter proportion of time channel is used for
voice transmission: CD(I,3)Call CHECK4 to insure CD(I,3) is in the range 0-1
-- Continued --
2-16
EXHIBIT 2-8: BASIC FLOW OF CREATE(Concluded)
TER 11: Error Rate DataFor each Other TOS User, then for each Brigade:enter the bit error rate for a message from the user to thethe FEP and the bit error rate for a message from the FEP tothe user: LD(I,1), and LD(I,2)
Call CHECK 3 to ensure LD(I,1) and LD(I,2) are in theinterval 0-1
For each Battalion, enter the bit error rate for a message sentto the parent Brigade and the bit error rate for a message tothe Battalion.Call CHECK 3 to ensure LD(I,1) and LD(I,2) are in the
internal 0-1.
Step 12: Display DataIf user wishes to display data, enter IW=1If IW=1, call DISP, if IW 1 bypass step 12
STEP 13: Write Output FileIf user wishes to create an output file, enter IFW=1If IFW # 1, bypass step 13.If IFW=1, Write counting indices NR, NM, NN, NUM, NC, NP, NL,NOU, NBDE, and IFG
For each route write RNAM(1), RP(I,1), RP(I,2), and IPD(I)For each message write MNAM(I), MP(I,1) MP(I,2), MD(I,1)
MD(I,2), MD(I,3), and MD(I,4)For each channel, write CNAM(I), CD(I,1), CD(I,2), CD(I,3), and
CD(I,4)For each processor, write PD(I)For each link, write LP(I,1), LP(I,2), LP(I,3), LD(I,1), and
LD(I,2)For each route, for each message, write RM(I,J,1), RM(I,J,2),
RM(I,J,3), and RM(I,J,4)(or write a line of "*" if array to be input later)
Write DD(1), and DD(2)Write GPD(I,1) and GPD(I,2), for I=1,...,11
Step 14: Terminate
2-17
Also included in the internal logic of each of the steps is a means of
prompting using either short or long forms of the prompts. If the short
form is elected in step 0, then in each succeeding step the first of a
series of similar prompts will contain a long, sentence-like prompt. All
subsequent prompts for similar data will be given in short form only.
This was instituted to decrease the running time of program CREATE.
2.3 SUBROUTINES IN CREATE
Exhibit 2-9 lists the six subroutines which are part of program
CREATE and indicates their basic functions. Five of the six subroutines
are used for error checking during the course of using the program
CREATE. The sixth subroutine permits display of the input data in an
easy to read format. Each of these subroutines is discussed in greater
detail in the following paragraphs.
Subroutine CHECK compares the name input by the user for the
processor at a node against the symbols "TCT" and "TCS". If the
processor type which is input by the user does not correspond to one of
these two names, CHECK will so indicate to the user and prompt for the
correct name. The checks and prompts will continue until the user inputs
either "TCT" or "TCT".
Subroutine CHECKI compares the channel name which the user has input
as the channel connecting two nodes with the list of channel names which
was input earlier. If the name the user has input is not contained in
the previously defined list, CHECK1 will so indicate to the user and
request another name to be input. This prompting will continue until a
proper channel name is input. When CHECK sees a proper channel name, it
will assign and return the number of that channel to the main program
where channel numbers, not names, are used for identification.
2-18
EXHIBIT 2-9: SUBROUTINES IN CREATE
Name Function
CHECK Checks processor type
CHECK1 Checks channel name, assigns channel number
CHECK2 Checks message name, assigns message number
CHECK3 Checks probability range
CHECK4 Checks proportion range
DISP Displays data in easy to read format
2-19
Subroutine CHECK2 performs much the same function as subroutine CHECKI.
Here the name of the message caused as an output by a particular message
is compared with the previously input list of message names. If the name
is not contained in that list, the user is prompted to enter another name
until a legal message name is seen. When this occurs, subroutine CHECK2
will determine the number of the message input and return that number to
the main program
During the course of CREATE, the user is prompted for the probabil-
ities of various actions. When the user has answered such a prompt, the
number is checked in the main program to see if it is in the range 0-1.
If the input number is outside this range, CHECK3 is called and the user
is prompted to enter a number in the range 0-1.
Subroutine CHECK4 is identical to subroutine CHECK3 except it is
used to check the input values for proportions rather than probabilities.
If the input proportion is outside the range of 0-1, CHECK4 is called.
When all the data have been input, the user is presented with the
instruction, "If you want to display the output file, enter a 1". If the
user enters a 1, subroutine DISP is called and the data are printed at
the terminal in an easy to read format. Subroutine DISP is essentially
program DISPLAY; however, the data are passed as subroutine arguments
rather than being read in from an input file, as is the case with program
DISPLAY.
2.4 DATA FILE
Exhibit 2-10 contains a description of the data file which is the
output of program CREATE. The variable names are as defined in exhibits
2-1 through 2-7 in which the formats of the lines in the output files are
2-20
EXHIBIT 2-10: OUTPUT FILE FORMAT
Line El ements Format
COUNTERS
1 NR, NM, NN, NUM, NC, NP, NL, NOU, 10(13, 1X)NBDE, IFG
ROUTE INFORMATION
2)
thru RNAM(I, RP(I,1), RP(I,2), IPD(I) A8, 3(1X,13)
N R+1
MESSAGE INFORMATION
N R+2 )thru MDA(I), MO(I,3) (,), MD(I,, A81, E9X,3),
MNA(I), MP(I,1), MP(I,2), MD1,), A, E(9.3),NR+NM+1
CHANNEL INFORMATION
NR+NM+2
thru CNAM(I), CD(I,1), CD(I,2), CD(I,3) A8, 4(1X,E9.3)CD(I,4)
NR+NM+NC+1
NUMBER OF TEMPLATES
NR+NM+NC+2 P()2X, 13thru PDI
LINK DATA
NR+NM+NC+N P+2
thru LP(I,1), LP(I,2), LP(I,3), LD(I,1) 3(13, 1X)9LD(I,2) 2(E12.6, 1X)
NR+NM+NC+NP+NL+1
2-21
EXHIBIT 2-10: OUTPUT FILE FORMAT(Concl uded)
ROUTE CROSS MESSAGE ARRAY(If IFG=l the array is a line of 50 "*su')
NR+NM+NC+NP+NL+2)
thru RM(1,J,l), RM(1,J,2), RM(l,J,3), RM(1,J,4) 4(E9.3,lX)
- I NR+NM+NC+NP+NL+NM+1
thru
NR+NM+NC+NP+NL '+(NR-1)*NM+2 RM(NR,J,1),RM(NR,J,2),RM(NR,J,3),RM(NR,J,4) 4(E9.3,1X)
thruNR+NM+NC+NP+NL+NR*NM+1
DISK ACCESS TIMES
NR+NM+NC+NP OD(1), DD(2) 2(E9.3, Wx+NL+NR*NM+2
GENERAL PROCESSOR DATA
NR+NM+NC+NP+NL+NR*NM+3 2(E9.3,1X)
thru GPD(I,1), GPD(I,2)
NR+NM+NC+NP+NL+NR*NM+13
I
2-22
also shown. This output file is set up so that the first line contains
the counters which are used to determine the number of lines in the dif-
ferent sections of the data file. For example, NR indicates the number
of lines in the Route Information section; NM, the number of lines in the
Message Information section; etc. The file is implemented in this manner
so that the controls for reading the file would be contained within the
file itself and no other information need be given. This data file is in
a format compatible with the other three programs in the TOS analysis
package.
2.5 CODE OF PROGRAM CREATE
Program CREATE is written in FORTRAN IV using library subroutines
existing on the Amdahl 460/V7 computer at The University of Michigan.
The code is liberally interspersed with comment statements which indicate
the function of the various parts of the program.
The initial version of program CREATE was a short, simple program
which would suffice for most applications; however, during the checkout
of the other programs in the analysis package, it was obvious that addi-
tional logic needed to be included in CREATE to permit its use with vari-
ous test cases. In its simplest form, CREATE was implemented assuming a
standard division configuration which had more than one brigade, more
than one battalion for each brigade, and more than one other TOS user.
In this case, simple DO LOOPS will suffice; however, test cases were
implemented which contained only one or two nodes and in those situations
additional logic was required to bypass unnecessary DO LOOPS. Thus,
there are a large number of "IF" comparisons in CREATE. These are checks
to bypass portions of code which are not needed.
2-23
The evolution of program CREATE included a decision to implement a
series of short prompts as part of the program. There are essentially
two sets of queries contained in CREATE. One set contains long,
sentence-like queries. In the other set the queries are short and are
used to prompt for subsequent entries of a similar type. Thus, there are
also numerous logic checks to determine when these short prompts are to
be called. This also necessitated additional logic to account for the
various test cases which were to be implemented, although most of that
logic would not be exercised if the program is used for the input of a
standard division configuration.
All of the input statements in program CREATE are free format and
make use of the library program, FREAD, which is available on the Amdahl
computer on which program CREATE was written. These free format read
statements were implemented to make the user's task of inputing the data
easier. If program CREATE is implemented on a different computer system,
the user must determine if FREAD is available. If FREAD is not avail-
able, the input statements need to be replaced with either conventional
formatted statements or with whatever free format subroutine is available
on the host machine.
3-1
3.0 PROGRAM MODIFY
Program MODIFY was written to facilitate alteration of an existing
data file. The program is written in FORTRAN IV and is designed to be run
interactively from a terminal. This section provides information which
may be of use to a programmer who wishes to modify the logic of this
program or to transfer this program to a new computer system. Section
3.1 contains a description of the structure of the program MODIFY and
provides a list of the subroutines which are used. Section 3.2 contains
a discussion of the code and how to modify the existing code within the
framework of the structure described in section 3.1. Section 3.3
contains flowcharts of the main program and subroutine.
3.1 Structure of Program MODIFY
Program MODIFY is implemented as a main executive program which
calls several subroutines to perform the actual modification of input
data. Exhibit 3-1 illustrates the general structure of the program.
The data file for the TOS analysis pact-age consists of data of six
logical types. Exhibits 2-1 through 2-6 list the data by type. This
classification of data by type is reflected in the structure of program
MODIFY. The main executive program calls six subroutines to perform
modification of data, one for each type of data. Exhibit 3-2 relates
these six subroutines to the type of data which they modify.
Program MODIFY also uses three utility subroutines to perform
I/O functions. Subroutine READF reads an existing data file from I/O
3-2
EXHIBIT 3-1: STRUCTURE OF PROGRAM MODIFY
Main Executive Program and Subroutines
utilityMANREADF subroutines
IRTE
3-3
unit 1. Subroutine WRITEF writes a new data file onto I/O unit 2.
Subroutine FREAD is a general free-format read routine which is discussed
in section 2.3.
3.2 CODE OF PROGRAM MODIFY
The code of program MODIFY was produced using a top-down approach.
The result is a modular program which consists of a short executive main
program and a number of specialized subroutines. Section 3.1 describes
the structure of program MODIFY and lists its subroutines. A detailed
flowchart of program MODIFY is found in section 3.3.
Three utility subroutines are used to perform I/O functions. READF
reads the data file from I/O unit 1. This routine was created by copying
the code used to perform the same function in program DISPLAY. WRITEF
writes the new data file to I/O unit 2 and was created by copying code
used by program CREATE. The free-format read subroutine, FREAD, is a
library program on the Amdahl computer at The University of Michigan.
The actual modification of data is performed by the six subroutines
listed in exhibit 3-2. The six subroutines correspond to the six types
of data in the data file. The coding of these subroutines was performed
to allow modification of those data which were changed in the course of
the analysis of the TOS communications network; however, the program does
not currently allow modification of all of the data items.
Subroutine COMSYS allows the user to modify and examne any of the
communication system data. Subroutine LDFACT allows modification of some
of the route cross message data. The user is allowed to multiply message
traffic rates for the entire communications network by a factor. Sub-
routine NOISE allows the user to set bit error rates by channel, and to
3-4
EXHIBIT 3-2: DATA MODIFICATION SUBROUTINES USED BY PROGRAM MODIFY
Subroutine Type of Data Modified
CONFIG System Configuration
COMSYS Communications System
MSG Message Data
PROC Processor Data
LDFACT Route Cross Message Data
NOISE Bit Error Rates
3-5
display bit error rates. All of the code which displays input data was
copied from program DISPLAY. Subroutines CONFIG, MSG, and PROC are dummy
routines, since it was not necessary, in the course of the analysis of
TOS, to use program MODIFY to change the values of any of the
configuration, message, or processor data.
In order to extend the range of the current version of MODIFY to
allow modification of other data items, the programmer may write new
versions of some or all of the six special subroutines which perform data
modification. Some changes would be straightforward. For example, it
would be easy to write into subroutine PROC the ability to replace most
of the processor data; however, some other modifications are more
complex, and could involve the creation of interdependence among the six
subroutines. For example, the insertion or deletion of nodes in CONFIG,
which handles configuration data, may necessitate insertion, deletion, or
adjustment of communication system data, message data, route cross
message data, and error rate data. Such changes should preferably be
handled by requiring the user to run program CREATE to create a new data
file. The current version of MODIFY is designed to replace existing
values in the input data file, not to insert or delete data.
3.3 FLOW CHARTS OF THE PROGRAM MODIFY AND SELECTED SUBROUTINES
Exhibits 3-3 through 3-6 contains detailed flowcharts of the main
program and subroutines COMSYS, LDFACT, and NOISE.
3-6
EXHIBIT 3-3: FLOWCHART FOR PROGRAM MODIFY
- I START
call }Read Data FileREADF from I/O Unit 1.
Prompt"Do yo u wi sh toUser alter the configuration?"
SFREAD Read response.
callI
CONFIG Alter configuration data.
Promp"Do you wish to alterUser the communications system?"
-- Continued--
*1 3-7
EXHIBIT 3-3: FLOWCHART FOR PROGRAM MODIFY (Continued)
cal I Read response.FREAD
call Alter communicationsCOMSYS system data.
Prompt /"Do you wish to alterUser / 7the message data?"
cal I Read response.FREAD
call Alter message data.MSG
C
-- Continued -
3-8
EXHIBIT 3-3: FLOWCHART FOR PROGRAM MODIFY (Continued)
Prompt "Do you wish to alterUser / the processor data?"
call Read response.FREAD
call Alter processor data.PROC
Prompt "Do you wish to alterUser the system loads?"
cal I Read response.FREAD
-- Continued--
3-9
EXHIBIT 3-3: FLOWCHART FOR PROGRAM MODIFY (Continued)
call Alter Route CrossLDFACT Message Data.
Prompt /"Do you wish to alterUser / the error rates?"
call Read response.
call Alter error rates.NOSE
P"Do you wish to make anyUse additional changes?"
-- Continued --
3-10
EXHIBIT 3-3: FLOWCHART FOR PROGRAM MODIFY (Concluded)
call Read response.FREAD
@ YES YS
call Write new input fileRITEF jon I/O unit 2.
STO
3-11
EXHIBIT 3-4: FLOWCHART OF SUBROUTINE COMSYS
SPrompt "How many channels do youUser wish to enter data for?"
call User inputs NUMBFREAD
/"Enter the numbers correspondingUser to those channels."
all User inputs index ofFREAD each channel.
F ~nstruc"For each channel enter:User rise time, transmission rate,
unavailable capacity,number of lines."
Initialize DO LOOP index.
(-- Continued--
3-12
EXHIBIT 3-4: FLOWCHART OF SUBROUTINE COMSYS (Continued)
"Eromp Enter data for channel..
call
FREAD User inputs data forchannel I.
I = I + i1 Next channel.
NO I ULast channel?
~YES
P"root y you wish to seeser current communi cations
system data?"
call Read response.FREAD
--Continued -
3-13
EXHIBIT 3-4: FLOWCHART OF SUBROUTINE COMSYS (Concluded)
NO YES
YES
Display Use code from DISPLAYData to display this data.
Prompt "Do you wish to change moreUser communications system data?"
callFREAD Read response.
YESYE
3-14
t
EXHIBIT 3-5: FLOWCHART OF SUBROUTINE LDFACT
ENTER
Prompt "Enter Load Factor."User
call User inputs FACTOR.FREAD
multiply alltraffic rates
by FACTOR
RETURN
3-15
EXHIBIT 3-6: FLOWCHART OF SUBROUTINE NOISE
Prompt "How many channels do youUser 7 wish to enter data for?"
call Read NUMB.FREAD
RETURN YS NUMB =0
NO
Prompt /"Enter the numbers ofUser those channels."
FREAD of each channel.
Initialize DO LOOP index.
Prompt /"Enter error rateUser for channel..."
-- Continued --
3-16
EXHIBIT 3-6: FLOWCHART OF SUBROUTINE NOISE (Continued)
call User inputs error rate
RE D for channel I.
j I DO LOOP over links.
NO Jon IIs link J on channel I?
j j + INext link.
NO J> NLLast link?
I + 1Next channel.
-- Continued -
3-17
EXHIBIT 3-6: FLOWCHART OF SUBROUTINE NOISE (Continued)
ILast channel?
~Y ES
/Prompt/
User "Do you wish to see
current noise levels?"
call Read response.FREAD
NO ?YES?
display Use code from DISPLAYError Rates to display error rates.
P"Do you wish to changeUser /more error rates?"
call Read response.FREAD
-- Continued-
i 3-18
EXHIBIT 3-6: FLOWCHART OF SUBROUTINE NOISE (Concluded)
V6
4-1
4.0 PROGRAM DISPLAY
The third of the four programs in the TOS analysis package was
written to assist the user in examining the contents of the data file.
Program DISPLAY will read the data file and print the information with
appropriate headings so that the user can easily examine the contents of
the data file.
Program DISPLAY will mesh with the outputs of both program CREATE
and program MODIFY. The read statements in program DISPLAY are copies of
the write statements from the other two programs, with the word READ
inserted in the place of WRITE. This was done to assure compatibility
between the progams. Program DISPLAY is set up to operate on the Amdahl
computer at The University of Michigan. This computer allows the user to
specify input devices on the job control cards. Thus, the read state-
ments in program DISPLAY are not the normal "READ(5, )" statements which
are found in most FORTRAN codes, but rather are READ(2, ). Thus, the
user is required to inform the operating system that device two contains
the file which is to be displayed. If DISPLAY is implemented on another
computer system, the compatibility with the read statements and the job
control cards must be ensured so that program DISPLAY is linked to the
proper data file.
Program DISPLAY was written in standard FORTRAN IV. The listing
contained in Appendix A contains extensive comment lines which are used
to identify the functions being performed. The first card read from the
data file contains the counters which are used to control the DO LOOPS
4-2
which make up the remainder of program DISPLAY. The ordering of the
route numbers, messages, and channels is the same as that contained in
the other three programs and is used internally in DISPLAY. Program
DISPLAY contains the option of reading data files which do not contain
the Route Cross Message Array. If such a data file is used as the input
for DISPLAY, the header for the Route Cross Message Array is printed in
the output along with a message saying that the array is to be read in
later.
5-1
5.0 PROGRAM COMPUTE
Program COMPUTE performs the computations specified by the model and
displays the ouputs. COMPUTE is organized into five modules, as shown in
exhibit 5-1. Three of the program modules, the Traffic Flow Module, the
Operating Statistics Module, and the Performance Measure Module, corres-
pond to the three modules of the same names in the mathematical model. 1
The correspondence is not quite exact due to programming considerations
such as producing efficient code and minimizing the program's memory
requirements. Nonetheless, the primary content of the modules is
unchanged.
The program documentation consists of a series of exhibits present-
ing: (1) flowcharts; (2) descriptions of the program variables; and
(3) use of I/O units. Flowcharts for the Input and Initialization and
Traffic Flow Modules are presented in exhibits 5-2 and 5-3. A flowchart
for the Operating Statistics Module is presented in exhibit 5-4. In this
flowchart, two segments are labeled A and B. More detailed flowcharts
for these segments are presented in exhibits 5-5 and 5-6. Exhibit 5-7
contains a flowchart for a subroutine called by segment A of the Opera-
ting Statistics Module. Flowcharts for the Performance Measure Module
and the Output Module are presented in exhibits 5-8 and 5-9. A list and
description of the variables used in the program are presented in exhibit
5-10. Exhibit 5-11 shows the use of logical I/O units.
1See ARI Research Notes 80-13, Chapter 3.0.
5-2
EXHIBIT 5-1: ORGANIZATION OF COMPUTE
Input andInitialization
Module
TrafficFlow
Module
OperatingStatistics
Module_________________
PerformanceMeasureModule
OutputModule
5-3
EXHIBIT 5-2: FLOWCHART FOR THE INPUT ANDINITIALIZATION MODULE
Begin
Prompt forand Read
Inputs fromTerminal
ReadInputFile
Adjust all
Time Units toMinutes
Initialize
Output Arraysto Zero
Proceedto NextModule
5-4
EXHIBIT 5-3: FLOWCHART FOR THE TRAFFIC FLOW MODULE
BeginI I
For each user originated messagetype I, and each user J: 1
Increment the rate of DCCoutput messages of type Isent to user J, where I is
the message type of DCCresponses sent to the originator
of messages of type I
S Increment the rates of DCC
output messages of type 12to all users except J, where12 is the message type of
DCC responses sent to usersother than the originator
of messages of type I
Proceedto nextmodule
J4 JI
5-5
EXHIBIT 5-4: FLOWCHART FOR THE OPERATING STATISTICS MODULE
Begin
For each user I and each message type J:
SEGMENT A:Assign Temporaryparameter values
SEGMENT B:For each processor and channel
on the route computethe arrival rate, meanservice time and second
moment of the service time
Compute the probability thatall lines of a multiline
channel are busy
Compute the coefficientof variation for all servers
Proceedto nextnode
5-6
EXHIBIT 5-5: FLOWCHART FOR SEGMENT A OF THE OPERATING STATISTICS MODULE
Beg in '
Set pointers tolinks, processors, and
channels on route
Compute the rate of origination plusthe rate of hierarchical review deletion plus
the rate of hierarchical review alteratio)n
or departure from DCC
Fill array with times forvarious processing activities
Call subroutine TRANS to computethe first and second moments of the
distribution of the number of
transmissions to success in eachdirection on each link on the route
Proceedto
segmentB
175-7
EXHIBIT 5-6: FLOWCHART FOR SEGMENT B OF OPERATING STATISTICS MODULE
Begin
T Message Ftype is user-generatedComputati onsN Computat ions
for user's} for user'stermi nal , terminal
u~omputati ons f Computationsfrchannel from} for channel to}usr' s termi nal user's terminal/
SUser is a Fs nUser is a ksF'
Bn (i.e., 2 linksB (i.e., 2 linkson route) on route)
T TC omputations Computationsfr user's BDE ) for user's BDE
processor _j ,processor
Computat ions Computat ionsfor channel) for channel of
ofsecond l ink/ second linkJ
Computat onsh Comut ions\for FEP for FEP y
I f Computations
Sfor other DCCcomponents
5-8
I
EXHIBIT 5-7: FLOWCHART FOR SUBROUTINE TRANSI
Compute PBCH = probability a transmissionof a character has 2 or more bits in
Serror after Hamming code or multipe.. blocking recovery
of the message received an ACK
Set FM = 1030
IPACK >In'30 F
ITSCompute FM = the expected number of '
Ctansmissions to success with no retained
message copy (RMC)
Compute SM the second moment of the
number of transmissions tosuccess wi., no RMC
RMC not usedor Reur
FM >_ 1030
(Cont inued)
5-9
EXHIBIT 5-7: FLOWCHART FOR SUBROUTINE TRANS (Concluded)
(Conti nuati on)
Initialize: EN = 1FM =0SM = 0
•PGLEN = 0•PGLTN = 0
creompue FMbEN timesbthelprobability
frmless than or equal to EN transmi sis
of the first ACK on the ENth transmission
Increment SM by EN2 times the probabilityof the first ACK on the ENth transmission
Assign the value of PGLEN to PGLTN =the probability of ACK from less
than EN transmissions
(Increment EN by 1
TPGLEN < 0.999
F
Return
5-10i4
EXHIBIT 5-8: FLOWCHART FOR THE PERFORMANCE MEASURE MODULE
Begi~~For the DCC components, compute and
assign values to the output array for:Expected waiting time
Expected del ayExpected queue lengthTraffic rateUtilizationCapacity
For the channels, compute and assignvalues to the output array for:
Expected waiting timeExpected delayExpected queue lengthTraffic rateUtilizationCapacity
f For the processors, compute and assign
values to the output array for:Expected waiting timeExpected delayExpected queue lengthTraffic rateUtilizationCapacity
For each user route to the DCC, computeand assign values to the otuput array for:
Expected waiting timeExpected delayTraffic rate
For each message type, compute and assign valuesto the output array for the expected waiting time.
For each message type, compute and assignvalues to the output array for:|-Expected del ayTraffic rate, ,
5-11
EXHIBIT 5-9: FLOWCHART FOR THE OUTPUT MODULE
Begin
appropri ate So
Rank Rank Rank Rank
Routes Message Processors ChannelsTypes
Display Display for Display Display DisplayTpMessage Prfors for for DCCopnt
Rote T e Prcssr Chnnl Comonnt
5-12
EXHIBIT 5-10: VARIABLES IN COMPUTE
NAME USE
A Temporary - Rate at which messages of type J travel toor from user I (including returns due to hierarchicalreview).
AMI Temporary - Mean time for a processing or communications
operation.
AM2 Temporary - Mean time for a processing or communicationsoperation
AM3 Temporary - Mean time for a processing or communications
operation.
B Temporary - Rate at which messages of type J arrive orleave the DCC to/from user 1.
CD (I, J) Input - channel data:CD (I, 1) = overhead time per transmission on channel ICD (I, 2) = transmission rate on channel ICD (1, 3) = fraction of time used for voice on channel ICD (1, 4) = number of links on channel I
CNAM (I) Input - name of channel I
COUT (I, J) Output - channel outputs:COUT (1, 1) = expected delay on channel ICOUT (I, 2) = expected queue length on channel ICOUT (I, 3) = traffic rate on channel ICOUT (1, 4) = utilization on channel ICOUT (1, 5) = capacity on channel ICOUT (1, 6) = rank on channel I
CS (I) Temporary - probability all lines on channel I are busy.T
C2 Temporary - pointer to channel of first link on a route.
C2 Temporary - pointer to channel of second link on a
route.
DD (I) Input - disk controller data:DD (1) = mean access time of message disk.DO (2) = mean access time of data disk.
-- Continued -- 4
5113
EXHIBIT 5-10: VARIABLES IN COMPUTE (Continued)
NAME USE
DOUT (I, J) Output - DCC component (except FEP) output:D (I, 1) = expected delayD (I, 2) = expectd queue lengthD (I, 3) = traffic rateD (I, 4) = utilizationD (I, 5) = capacityI = 1 => DBPI = 2 => Message Disk ControllerI = 3 => Data Disk Controller
FACT Temporary - factorial
FM Temporary - Mean number of transmissions to success inone direction on a link
FM1 Temporary - Mean number of transmissions to success in
one direction on a link
FM2 Temporary - Mean number of transmissions to success in
one direction on a link
FM3 Temporary - Mean number of transmissions to success inone direction on a link
FM4 Temporary - Mean number of transmissions to success inone direction on a link
GPD (I, J) Input - Processing time information:GPD (1, J) = TCS origination timeGPO (2, J) = TCS send timeGPD (3, J) = TCS receive timeGPD (5, J) = TCS terminate timeGPD (6, J) = FEP terminate timeGPD (7, J) = TCT terminate timeGPD (8, J) = TCT send timeGPD (9, J) = TCT receive timeGPD (10, J) = TCT terminate timeGPD (11, J) = FEP originate timeJ = 1 => per messageJ = 2 => per character
I Temporary - Counter or pointer
IA Input - Pointer to current output table
-- Continued --
5-14
EXHIBIT 5-10: VARIABLES IN COMPUTE (Continued)
NAME USE
IB Input - Pointer to column for ranking.
IC Input - Reordering switch.
IP Temporary - Counter.
IPD (I) Input - Processor data - type of processor at node I,I => TCS, 2 => TCT.
IRMC Input - Retained Message Copy (RMC) Switch.
Ii Temporary - Pointer to message type of outputs inresponse to inputs of type I sent to the originator ofthe message of type I.
12 Temporary - Pointer to message type of outputs inresponse to inputs of type I sent to users other thanthe originator of the message of type I.
J Temporary - Counter and pointer.
JPD Temporary - Type of current processor.
K Temporary - Counter and pointer.
LARGE Temporary - 1040.
LD (I,J) Input -Link data on error ratesLD (I, 1) = Error rate on Link I for messages sent
towards the DCC.LD (I, 2) = Error rate on Link I for messages sent
towards a user.
LP (I,J) Input - Pointers to devices on links.LP (1, 1) = Processor closest to user on Link ILP (I, 2) = Channel used by Link ILP (1, 3) = Processor closest to DCC on Link I
Li Temporary - Pointer to the first link on the route froma user to the DCC.
L2 Temporary - Pointer to the second link on the route froma user to the DCC. Value zero if there is no second
link.
-- Continued --
5-15
EXHIBIT 5-10: VARIABLES IN COMPUTE (Continued)
NAME USE
MD (I,J) Input - Message data:MD (I, 1) = Number of characters in Message Type IMD (I, 2) = DBP processing time of Message Type IMD (I, 3) = Number of message disk accesses for messages
of type IMD (I, 4) = Number of Data Disk accesses for messages
of type I
MDJI Temporary - Length of current message type
MNAM (I) Input - Message Names
MOUT (I, J) Output - Message outputs:MOUT (1, 2) = Expected delay in Message Type IMOUT (I, 2) = Traffic rate in Message Type IMOUT (1, 3) = Rank in Message Type I
MP (I,J) Input -MP (1, 1) = Message type of same-route outputs in
response to messages of type IMP (I, 2) = Message type of other-route outputs in
response to messages of type I
MS Temporary.
NBLOCK Input - Blocking number
NC Input - Number of channels
NL Input - Number of links
NM Input - Number of message types.
NN Input - Number of nodes
NO (I, J) Temporary -NO (I, 1) = Accumulator for Node I mean service timeNO (I, 2) = Node I arrival rate.
NO (I, 3) = Accumulator for Node I standard deviation ofservice time.
NONi Temporary - Utilization of a component
NP Input - Number of processors
-- Continued --
5-16
EXHIBIT 5-10: VARIABLES IN COMPUTE (Continued)
NAME USE
NP1 Temporary - NP-i.
NR Input - Number of users.
NUM Input - Number of user input message types.
N1 Temporary - General purpose pointer.
N2 Temporary - General purpose pointer.
N3 Temporary - General purpose pointer.
N4 Temporary - General purpose pointer.
N5 Temporary - General purpose pointer.
PD (I) Input - Number of templates for screening messages at aprocessor I. (0 for TCTs).
POUT (I, J) Output - Processor outputs:POUT (1, 1) = expected delay at processor IPOUT (I, 2) = expected queue length at processor IPOUT (I, 3) = traffic rate at processor IPOUT (I, 4) = utilization at processor IPOUT (I, 5) = capacity at processor IPOUT (1, 6) = rank at processor I
RM (I, J, K) Input - Route cross message type data:RM (I, J, 1) = Initiation rate for user generated
messages, proportionality constant forTOS-generated messages.
RM (I, J, 2) Second proportionality constant for TOS-generated messages.
RM (I, J, 3) = Probability of hierarchical reviewdeletion for battalion user-generatedmessages, else zero.
RM (I, J, 4) = Probability of hierarchical reviewalteration for battalion-generatedmessages, else zero.
RMO (I, ) Temporary - Rate of each type of message at each node
RNAM (1) Input - Names of users.
-- Continued --
5-17
EXHIBIT 5-10: VARIABLES IN COMPUTE (Concluded)
NAME USE
ROUT (I, J) Output - Route outputs:ROUT (I, 1) = Expected delay on route IROUT (I, 2) = Traffic rate on route IROUT (I, 3) = Rank of route I
RP (I, J) Input - Pointers to the first and second links onroute I. (Second pointer zero if no second link.)
SM Temporary - Second moment of the number of transmissionsto success on a link to the FEP.
SM1 Temporary - Second moment of the number of transmissionsto success on a link.
SM2 Temporary - Second moment of the number of transmissionsto success on a link.
SM3 Temporary - Second moment of the number of transmissionsto success on a link.
SM4 Temporary - Second moment of the number of transmissionsto success on a link.
SUM Temporary - Scratch pad.
T (I, J, K) Temporary - Times for various processing activities.
VT Temporary - Scratch pad.
VM1 Temporary - Second moment of service time.
VM2 Temporary - Second moment of service time.
VM3 Temporary - Second moment of service time.
X Temporary - Scratch pad.
EXIHISIT i-!: LOG"'CAL 11/0 J111T -SS' GMMENTS
UINIT USE.
5 w rite to ocerit.-r at ter-nial
6 Read from ocerato-r at terminal.
7 Read data file.
8 W~rite out:put tables.
A
A-1
APPENDIX A: LISTINGS OF TOS SIMULATION PACKAGE PROGRAMS
This appendix contains source listings of the programs which make up
the TOS Simulation Package. These programs are named CREATE, DISPLAY,
MODIFY, and COMPUTE. The statements within a single routine can be
referenced either by a line number or by an internal statement number.
Line numbers, shown on the left-hand side of each listing, begin with
unity for each program and continue sequentially to the end of the pro-
gram, each line being assigned a number one integer greater than its
predecessor. Internal statement numbers, appearing on the right-hand
side of each listing, begin with unit for each routine within a program.
Unlike line numbers, internal statement numbers index FORTRAN statements.
Thus, there are no internal statement numbers assigned to comment lines,
and just one integer assigned to multiline FORTRAN statements.
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B-1
APPENDIX B: MERGED VARIABLE CROSS-REFERENCE LISTING
This appendix contains a merged variable cross-reference listing for
all of the programs which make up the TOS Simulation Package. These
programs are CREATE, DISPLAY, MODIFY, and COMPUTE. The merged cross-
reference lists all the occurrences of each variable in the programs
which make up the TOS Simulation Package.
Referencing of statements that a variable is used in is done using
internal statement numbers (see the discussion of internal statement
numbers in the previous description of appendix A.) Since internal
statements are numbered beginning at one within each routine, each
reference to internal statement numbers also requires specification of
the routine in which the statement is located. This is accomplished by
first listing the variable being cross-referenced, then the routine in
which occurrences of this variable appear, and to the far right, a list
of internal statement numbers referring to statements in this program
module at which the variable is referenced. If the variable is
referenced multiple times within a single statement, only one reference
appears in the cross-reference listing. Some internal statement
references in the listing may be immediately followed ty a symbol
indicating the usage of the variable in this statement. The following
key defines the usage of these symbols:
* A variable or a function is changed either through an assignment
READ, ASSIGN statement, or is used as a DO index.
? A variable may be changed because it is used as a simple argument
to a subroutine or function.
D A subprogram is defined by the SUBROUTINE, FUNCTION, ENTRY, or
EXTERNAL statement. A statement function is defined by the
statement function definition. A variable is declared in a
B-2
type or DIMENSION statement. For units, "D" stands for DEFINE
FILE statements.
E A variable appears in an EQUIVALENCE statement.
C A variable appears in a COMMON statement.
These suffixes are especially useful since they allow distinguishing
the use of variables in declarations from their use in executable
statements, and, in the latter case, the distinguishing between just the
referencing of a variable versus its updating. These distinctions can be
made, for the most part, just from the suffixes, without the need for
looking up the statement in the program listing.
Certain other useful pieces of information are also provided in
these cross-reference listings. The type of each variable is indicated.
The list of variable types included are "1*4" for integer variables,
"R*4" for real variables, "L*4" for logical variables, and "CHAR" for
character variables. The field in the cross-reference listing with the
heading "ATTR" distinguishes between scalars and arrays. This field is .
left blank for scalars while it contains "ARRAY" for arrays. It has been
found useful to include references to subroutines and functions in these
cross-reference listings, in addition to references to just variables.
These are distinguished from variables by having "SUBR" or "FCN" in the
ATTR field. Another type of item included in these cross-references are
RETURN or STOP statements within each program module. These are
referenced in the listing using <EXIT> as the name of the "variable".
B- 3
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C-1
APPENDIX C: STATEMENT LABEL REFERENCES
This Appendix presents statement label reference listings for each
program in the analysis package. The statement labels are expressed in
terms of internal statement numbers. The program listings in Appendix A
can be consulted to look up any referenced statement. Within each
program module, for each FORTRAN statement label which appears, four
types of information are provided in the label reference listing: the
label being referenced; the internal- statement number where it is defined
(i.e., the statement in which it is a label); a type indicator ("FMT" if
it refers to a format statement, and blank otherwise); and a list of
statement in the routine in which this statement label is referenced.
C-2
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