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Issue No 31Page

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!FED~~l­rt~~oofOOII-I technologyI ' transfer

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ActiVtt,YHighlightsLetter to N. Montanarell i from G. ConnollyLett,r to C. Yates from ORI. . . • . , .Letter to MERAOCOM from RCA. . . • • . •Letter to N. MontanarelH from CERL. ••Letter to NAVFEC from City of Flagstaff.

conslrtiulllNotesOr.~tkinson Head,s NUSC Special Programs ..Dr. Heroux Assigned Technology Transfer PostTechhology Transfer at NUSC.••.•NuscLTechnolo9,Y Transfer A¢tivities.The Loast Guard and Solar Energy • .

Meet~ngs. Conferences and SYJ!!posiaInter'rated Community Energy Systems Planning .Sola Energy Seminar •••••.••.••••Intel ational Technology Institute Conference.

!Problem Definition and Needs AssessmentCircUit Riding Technology Agent..•..For1st ServiceNeeds • • • • . . • • . .

R&D IS.ummari es of. New Technologi esRem9tely Controlled Bal Ioons for Border SurVeillanceSol~r Heating Installation.Locq1 Government Technology ~CCM.

TecHnical Briefs - NPRDC ....•i

PublicationsRep1rts of Interest.

Cl i ppingsand Repri ntsTec~no logy Transfer - ETL. •• . . . . . '"." . ., •Rem~te Sensing - National Resources Program - NASATAU IReport - Delmarva.•.••..••.•..•.

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6167757785

9394959697

• 99.105

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Technology Transfer Society Newsletter . . ...PTI News ............., •... .• . . • .•Sanderson.toHead Research ApPlications - NSF.The Energy Resource -NGC•.Fireword - NFPCA. • . . , .US Navy Energy R&D Reports;

23 S!lptem~er 197730 September 1977 •••7 October 1977•..•.14 October 1977 • • • • . . • •.21 October 1977 • . • • . • • • . • • • • . •

Solar Energy Intelligence Report - 17 October 1977 ..••....Defense and Energy Spur Federal R&D Growth from FY1974 to FY 1978

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ofhis cOlllpilation of news items is an inforlDal dissemination mecha~ism intendedfor individuals interested in Federal Laboratory utilization and technology1 . ',' , ,

llransfer. It is, anticipated that NEWS, ITEMS will be iSsued .at; least once a~onth. Its contents are collected from the laboratories and agencies partici­~ating in the FEDERAL LABORATORY CONSORTIUM FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER and ,are

IQrganized into the follOW'ing categories:I .'I 1. ACtIVITY HIGHLIGHTS: A summary of Federal Laboratory Program, progress including a list of new technology contacts and items

of interest.

~

2. CONSORTIuM NOTES: Notices of coming meetings, reports of pre­viousmeetings; lIlailing lists, agency personnel changes.

3. MEETINGS, CONFE1?.ENCES AND SYMPOSIA: Announcement of forth­collling professionsl meetings.

4. PROBLEM DEFINItION AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT: Problems requiringsolution sublllitted by Fede~al, State/local governlllent, privatesector, and other Consortium representatives.

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5. R&D SUMMARIES ON NEW TECHNOLOGIES: Abstracts of newly initiatedresearch and developlllent projects undertaken by agency staffs orunder contract; newly patented itemS.

6. LEGISLATIVE ACTI:V'ITIES: References to nllW laws, proposed bills,and hearings.

7. UGULATIONSAND POLICY: Proposed and adopted ",ctions,eitherduplicated or referenced.

8. PUBLICATIONS: Notices of new reports, papers, computez programs,etc.; bibI::i:ographiesof technology transfer related lIla,teriaL

9. CLIPPINGS AND REPRINTS: Reproduced newspaper, magazdne , and otherarticles of potential intereSt; reproduced articles, drafts orstatements that are not in print or not available ",nd are particularlynoteworthy.

BUDGET SUBMISSIONS AND AGENCY DESCRIPTIONS: Agency submissions tothe Congress describing their program; inforllllOltion describing thefunction of new participants.

I 10.

flease forward information to the attention of: Mr. Nicholas MontanarelliI Federal Laboratory ProgramI National Science FoundationI ISPT, Room 1101-DI 1800 G Street, N;W.I Washington. D.C.20SS0I Tele: (202) 634-7996/7997/7998/799S

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NEW LONDON LAIIORATORYNAVAL lINOERWATER SYSTEMS CENTE~

HEW 'LONDON"CONNECTIClJT 00320

AREA CODE 20344.2_0771

AUTOVON sa6 •. EXT.2908IN RtPL. Y REF"E1il TO:

0702:GCC:rab3920Ser :70702-89September 23, 1977

~r.Nichola$ }!ontanarelliProgram Manager. tederal Laboratory COnsortium.Division of Intergovernmental Science

and public TechnologyNational ScienCe Foundation1800 "G" Street, N.W.IVilshington, D.C. 20550

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Dear Nick:

As yoU know, I .am leaving the Naval Underwater Systems Center (NUSC)on September 26, 1977 to join the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for athree-year assignment at the NATO SACLANT Antisubmarine Warfare ResearchCenter in LaSpezia, :Italy. Before 1 leave, however, I want to tell you,Joe Antinucci, George Linsteadt and the rest of our colleagues in the Fed­eral Laboratory Cons_ortium how much I have enjoyed and profited f rom ourassociation for the past three years.

I am looking -forward to new and challenging opportunities in my assign­ment but lam not leaving without some regrets. Ive have expanded Our'technology Transfer programs here at the Center at the Federal, State, andlocal level and initiated several programs with industry. It appears theIPA program will. continue to.e:><pan~ ~rrd .some e"citing biomediCal pro~ects

are on the horizon~ The work has been personally rewarding and I intendto keep track of what is happening in the Technology Transfer field both atNUSC and in the Consortium.

The NUSC program w:ill be in tM very capable hands of Dr, James E.Atkinson. 1 know that you and Jim w:i1l enJoy working together.

1 hope yOU will keep'me informed Otl the progress of the Consortium.P'Lease expreas my appreciation to the members for the.irsupport on numerousoccasaons , 'I hope t.ohear from yOI1 and the other members of the Consortiumfrom time to time. My address will be:

George C. Connolly, Jr, 048-30-1506NATO SAetANT ASW Research Center.APO New York, New York 09019.

Buonafortuna!

""~1

UNIVERSITY OF DENVERAn Independent University

university Park. Denver. Colorado 80208

,

Denver Research Institutet.aoorarones ror Applied 'Mechanics / 303.753·2616

Mr. cec i1 YatesFB I LaboratoryDepartmen t of Jus t lceJ. Edgar .Hoov~r Bl dg.9th and P~nnsylvanja Av~., NWWashington, D.C. 20535

Dear C~cil:

7 Octob~r 1977

I. rece Ived the six documents you sent on gunshot res ldue ,have forwarded these to the Gr~~l~y, Colorado, Pol lee Dep t ,

I c~rtajnlyappreciat~ your rapid r~spons~ to my inquiry. Th~

mat~rial you s~nt has, how~v~r, rais~d a diff~r~nt probl~m inmy mind, and that is -- how many P.D.'s across th~ countrycould also us~ th~ sam~ package you s~nt m~? I would thinkthat any subscrib~rs to For~nsic Sci~nc~s, FBI BUll~tins, etc.,would accru~ this data. I was cont~mplating citing th~ r~f~r-·

ences you sent and shooting thl s 1ist starewlde and throughth~ r~st of the urban innovation groups. Th~ impact might b~

that you would g~t 100's of requ~sts which you might not b~

s~t up to handl~. I would appr~ciat~ your thoughts on thismatt~r. Also, ar~ atl of th~ docum~nts you s~nt cit~d in th~

Criminal Justic~ R~f~r~nc~ S~rvic~?

I will b~ in Washington th~ w~~k of th~ 17th and wouldlik~ to talk with you about this and s~~ if I can g~t a tourof your. n~w bul Iding.

Again, sinc~r~ appr~ciation for your rapid turn-aroundt lme,

V~~~

Ralph E. WilliamsAssociat~ H~ad

REW:gm

CCI G~org~Linsteadt, NWtNickMontanar~lli . ,THE UNIVEK:5f i .•·tJ~ .Jl.:..:.;vb ,1'5AN AFFIRMATIVE ACTION INSfrn..rrION

2

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:t want to thank Y0'a for sending Drs. Stein1;Ja.ch and :g:aton asyour representatives at our press conference yesterday atwhich we announced commercial availability of transcalentdevices. Theil' pr-esence added an extra dimension to thepreasconrez-ence and was a strong reminder to the pressr-epr-esentativesorthe rnany non-military benefits theAmez-ican taxpayer' derives from military expenditures.

Incidentally, wea.re pleased 'With theIrdtfal response to thepress conference. Seventeen trade publications were repre­sented at the session, and three others picked up press .luts .earlier in the day because of early deadlines. Between thepress conreeence and our mailing to Various media lists, weare distributing more than 200 kits. Additionally, we sentout a. "layments" ver-stonof the story to the general newsmedia... Dow Jones wireservice picked up the story yesterdayafternoon, and asa result, we should see brief write..ups onmany business pages of daily newspaper-s across the country.A copy of the DJ story is attached.

1voncerscbrnltt]sresteent and 1ral Manager ,SUlte,Division

,;

Colonel Bernard C. HughesCommander, MEMDCQMForl Belvoir, Virgipia 22060

Dear Colonel Hughes ;

~~tfI1!W.\it.~sli:; ti4

October 13, 1971

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Again, my grateful appreciattcn for your support, and we lookfor-ward to a. continuation of our- excellent relations 'With yourCommand.

Sincerely,

t.O.~~~B. V. Vonderschmitt

BVV:nw

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~RCA INTRODUCES GROUP OFSOLID STATE POI~ER DEVICES

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N Y ~DJ- RCA CORP ANNO~NCED A NEW GROUPSOLID STATE POWER DEVICES I~HICH IT SAID CANHANDLE HIGHER ELECTRICAL CU~RENTS IN A MORECOHPACT AND EFFICIENT FORI.~ THAN CONVENTIONAl!.SEMICONDUCTO~. DEVICES USED IN MANY TYPES OFINDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS.

THE NEW DEVICES ARE THE FIRST IN THEELECTRONICS INDUSTRY TO HAVE A HEATPIPE BONDEu DIRECTLY TO THE SILICON WAFERWITHIN THE UNIT ACCORDING TO DR RALPH E SIDIVISION VI.CE PRESIDENT RCA ELECTRO-OPTICSDEVICES.

SIMON EXPLAINED THAT TH:S HE.F PIPEC:JOL!NG TE::HNIQUE PE;:WITS 'IE:;: PRODUCTION 0::=DEVICESNHICH ARE CAPABLE 0;: HANDLINJHUNDREDS OF I~A"?TS OF P:H';EP. YET A?S 75 PC

$IU,!..LER AND 85 PC LIGHTER THAN EXISTING SOLISTATE DEVICES I~ITH CONVEt,TlONAL HEAT-D1 SSI PI,TrON F INS THAT ARE ),':)T I1m::::GRAL TOYIAFERS.

rsrs COOLING TECHr:jQUE STE1,~S ;:j:l:m \'I-·R':BY RCA FOR THS U.S. ARMY M03ILlTY EQUIPMENTRESEARCH DEVELOPI,lENT CO "MANJ FO;"fT BELVO I R-- 4 03 PM EDT OCT J2~-7

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CERL-ZP

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

CONSTAUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LABORATORY

P.O. BOX 4005

CHAMPAIGN. ILLINOIS 61B2O

3 October 1977

~

Mr. Nicholas MontanarelliNational Science FoundationRoom 11011800 G Street, N. W.Washington, D. C. 20550

Dear 1·lr. Montanare11i:

You recently passl!d on a query from the Science and Technology UtilizationCouncil Of the City ofMi 1waukee about instrumentati on and techn i ques foraccurately determining the thickness of concrete pavements.

While the Construction EnglneeringResearch Laboratory has been deeply i n­volved in research on structural concretes, we have not worked directly inthe referenced area. Our staff suggests that the Council make direct con­tact with Mr. Bryant Mather, Chief of the Concrete Laboratory at the cocpsof Engineers ~laterl'lays Exper-iment Station in Vicksburg, j'IS 39180. His labora­tory has worked extensively with concrete pav£1ments and might be able to~nswer the sp~£jfJc .9peSJion or provide some references, His talephnnenumberi s(60l )636-3111 .

We also touched base with the Engineering Department at the University of.: Illin.ois. They suggested that the Council might constder making contact

with Professor Charles Schoter at Purdue University, telephone (317)749-2587.

If we find any other resources, we will be glcld to pass them on to you.

Sincerely,

..--c-'. •....~~.

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'--. ~ "' ~.' ~. ~SAM CAGLE ~_PUblic Affai rs Oficer

5

We are very interested in being part of your Model City progra~. We willhave John Wslbourn be the project coordinator. In addition, I~n Braleywill handle any work involving computer analysis. t1arvin Murr~y UtilitiesDi rector, and Gene Gi 1pin, Public Works Di rector, both support:! tis prourarnand each will assign one to three persons to work on this oroHc full timeor part time as needed.

CommanderNaval, Facilities Engineering Command200 Stovall StreetAlexandria, Virginia 22332

Dear Sir:

On ~10nday and Tuesday, September 19 and 20, 1977, Mr. Mi 1es GrdyiandMr. Harry Bradley gave a seminar in Flagstaff on Public Works QoqtrolledMaintenance Management Systems. We learned a great deal at th~tiseminar

and are very impressed with your program.

These gentlemen indicated to us that the Navy together \'1ith the ~ational

Science Founda t ion through the Technology Transfer program is ~t~n:ing tolook fqra Model City in the Southwest in which to implement tQi~ program.Flagstaffis,a growing town of some 33,000 residents, and the qity staffis starting to develop some inventory controls, manpower schedyling andjob costing techniques. Many of the broad concepts of your pr~grram hadalready been id~mtified by us. It would take us five to ten y~arrs to dothis on our own, and even then we would probably not comp l etely ldeveIopthe entire, program as you have done. '

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City of Flagstaff

CC 'Mr. Robert Brewer

Charles K. McClainCity Manager

CKM/JTW/mae

Please consider this our formal request to become a ModelWorks Controlled Maintenance Management Systems Program.ious and ready to start into this program.

Very tru, ly y,,ourso

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NUS COP ENaval Underwater Systems Center

fr:l,4ay, Octob~rlA, 1977

DR. JAMESE. ATKINSON

Dr. James "E. Atkinson. hasbeen reassigned from the SonarInformation Processing .Dlvl­sian, 315, to head the Office ofSpecial Programs. Development,0702, at. NUSp. The. ~ssign.inent was effective sepf 26,1977. Atkinson replacesGeorge C.Connolly, Jr., who is

. presently ona three-year as-signment at the NATO

of

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Dr. Atkinson Heads NUSCSpecial Programs

'8ACLANT ASW ResearchCentre, La Spezia,ltaly.

In his new posit-ion,Dr. At~

kinson will be responsibte forthe,pIanning,.coordination andi,~pl~mcntatiq90f th!:1Pente(sTecJ111010gyTransfer Programwhich enco'mpasses'Dver-70projects involving Federal lab­oratories, 'state and jocal goc.emment, as well as privateindustry,

He. holds a Bachelor of Sci.encedegree in Electrical Engi.nealing from NortheastamUniversity: a MasterolSciencedegrcp.: in,,ElectricalE~_gineer.Ing, ,alsofrorn Northeastern,and a Ph.D. in Linguistics fromthe 'University of ,Connecticut.Sincejoining the staff of NUSCin 1965 his. tachnical experl­ence has: been in submarinesonar system, desigrt;unqcl,"";water acoustic communlca,tiOijs, channel simulation andcomputer modeling,

Dr, Atkinson has been in.valved in NUSC's TechnologyTransfer activWesfor someLime, having been a consultanton speechscramblers for. policecommunications.iand ·assistlngthe Connecticut State Policeon voiceprints for speaker .lden­tificatioi'l.·. He ,alsoh~sa re­search .appointment at HaskinsLaboratories, Yale University,conducting physiological andpsychological experiments onspeech production and per­eeptlon,

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N U SCQ P E

Nava1UIlderwaterSystems CenterFriday, October 14, 1977

Dr. Heroux AssignedTechnology Transfer Post

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Dr. Ronald G. Heroux, Headof User Services at NUSC'sNewport Library, began a one­year· assignment on Sep~cmber

19 as Executive Director of theMiami Valley (Ohio)· CableTelevision Council, under themobility provisions of theIntergovernmental PersonnelAct of 1970, which authorizes

,the exchange of personnelbetween Federal executiveagencies' and local govern­menta; lie will serve as advisorto -the Council~_, the', Council'sBoard of Trusteesvand Govern..ment Technology COmmitteein their efforts to coordinategovernmental, educational andcommunity activities amongthe six cities in the 'MiamiValley, and to improve inter­city cooperation via use of thecable television system.

Dr. "Heroux will administerthe cable television franchisefor the system, which 'includesa separate 38-channel two-wayinstitutional cable -connectingthe city buildings; schools, hos­pitals, . libraries and otherpublic institutions. Thesystemwill provide an opportunity forintergovernmental service deliv­ery of activities such _as com­puter services, .coordinated fire

DR. RONALD G. HEROUX

and police training, and labornegotiation information, inorder to eliminate duplicatlonand save money.

Dr. Heroux holds a doctor ofarts degree in library sciencefrom Simmons College in Bos­ton. He first joined NUSC inSeptember 1966 and served inthe: Technical Library at theNew London Laboratory untilDecember 196'7. He returnedto NUSC in November 1971and has held his present posi­tion since that time.

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The Rhode Island Model iscapable of showing the inter:actions between the state'svocational education programsand critical factors such asIndustrial growth, school grad­uation rates , unemployment,and state welfare costs; It canprovide long-range forecasts offuture .tra.ining requirementsand of the consequences oftraining programs in effecttoday. Further, it will allowplanners to assess the impact ofalternate vocational educa-tionpolicies and structures. Thisprogram can be used as a pro­totype for modeling the voea- ,tional educatioualtsystems -ofother states. Resulting frompublication of "The RhodeIsland Model" as a technicaldocument, considerable inter­est 'in this ,program has .berngenerated in other parts or thecountry.

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./ to· '.,?';-" -. .,--. :'y '\.-~-..ft:~,-'. .... ' '~_ .............." ~" ...,~....-- i. ..,'· ;~tc!..~~,~••.>.:: .., c, 'fY",7 ~I I 1Aiding WatCl'tford during the emergency communication testconducted by the American Radio Relay League (ABRL) wasDan Brochu, 342, at left. with Dorian DiMuco, AR.RL.

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The value of life cycle cost­ing has been established, andbased on the work to date.UMTA has decided to expandtbe project. Emphasis is beingplaced.on ldentlflcatlon of act­ivities. where life cycle costingmay be applied; possible impll­catlons. of the application oflife cycle costing on UMTAprograms; estimates of adverseand beneficial consequences ofits application; the develop.ment of life cycle costingm~l!,()logy J9r .tlre~u~eh~~~ ofrail-cars;· and the developmentof an implementation plan for

UMTAlife cycle costing.This . program is -a classic

example of the adaptability ofmilitary technology to civilianprograms.

EPUCATlON

A working, dynamic modelof the vocational educationsystem of the state of RhodeIsland has been developed bypro Stanley Erickson, 211, tobe used.by planners and admin-istrators in the Rhode IslandDepartment of Education tod~v;lop ,3 unified. state-wide r:::.:: "'''''''~'Z::.J.:_ ..::Jj ~. Vpohcy for vocational edu- 'r ...,e"l,~'w""_~.•,,._catron. " ,

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!l IEo bY Margaret K!Jlos, 07C2" ,~ Tebhnolbgy Transfer is the~p1'()~ssdeveloped to increase:g the effective use of science andLL. techpology in dealing with~ national problems. It is theo program that serves as a link~ between military research pro­~ granj. and the development,

demonstration and operationalprograms .of federal missionagen:cies,'-state and local gov­em~ent',andindustry.A~ the Center, technology

transfer is continually expand­ing Ito provide technical sup­port in areas where NUSe hasuniqTle expertise and facilities .to sjlpport programs of nation­al interest for a multitude ofcivil] agpndes,and in meetingthe Ipublic needs of state andlo~lgovemment involvedunder .the ,technology transferprog,.sm.The following are justa fejw of the projects that aretypif:al of areas in which NUSehasjbeCOll1e,iIlvolved under the

tecln;::S~~~;~T~~~~ram:Dbring the past year, the

Urb~n . Mass TransportationAdministration '(UMTA) Ofltceof 11'echnology Deveiopmentand] Deployment has beenspq~soring research to evaluateIif~ I cycle costing (a DODdeveloped .... technique to facilt­tatej the identification 'anddefipition of all costs associ­ateq with each phase of aproject) •• and the extent towhich it can be ntilizedinurban Hl&SS, 'transit systems.Th~ . project is being admln,istefedlly NUSe, which hasbeep assisting UMTA in abro~d ' range of research anddev~lopment projects for tirepast four years, with NicholasPatiis, 3262, serving as projectmanager,

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~~:~ ~ .~;<"~;~:;',:~:~~/.<,:l'~f~t,,,,.,,....~" ~.",< "",.,>~~:,~:,;"~~~~,~","-",,;%.".,;~~~,;,,,; ..,~":~'jTim M'Jlrooney, 3631, at the controls of the NOVA nODC.omputer which is used to develop MK 48 microproc~ss9:rimplementation on the Homing Control Project•.

COMMUNICATIONS

Studies have been conductedand are continuing under theprovisions afthe .Jntergcvem-:mental, Cooperation Aet, on acost reimbursablebasts, for thetownof Waterford to deter­mine adequate means by whichthe town can comply withfederal requirements for Civilpreparedness. Coordinating theprogram is Harrison A. FortierSr., 3163, with assistance fromDr. Michael C. Karamargin,312, John IL'Vi5neuskr,Jr~,

411, Henry C. Turko, 411,Robert L. Warenda, 4331, andDaniel G. Broucha, 342.

The program has included anevaluation of. the acousticcoverage- or the emergencyalert systems located at thetown's fire stations which was.accomplished by measuring thesound level as a function of

range from each station. As aresult of these efforts, thetown of Waterford was award­ed additional federal funds tobe used during FY·77 to lmple­ment the warning system plan.

NUSC provided technicalservice and. consultation" toenable the .successful comple­tion of the annual SimulatedEmergency Test (SET), whichis necessary for recognition bythe American Radio Relay.League (ARRL).

A survey was also conductedresulting in refurbishment ofand recommendations concern­ing emergency communicationequipment.

Technical consultation' andguidance were provided for theinstallation oia major'. com­municatlens tower, antenna,and specifications ror a multi­recording system for th eEmergency CommunicationsCenter to serve both the policeand fire departments of Water·ford.

Consultation has been pro­vided and technical servicerendered for the establishmentoCa new fire base communica­tions unit, and an antennasurvey of the complete town ofWaterford is scheduled to beconducted in the near future.

LAW ENFORCEMENT

Sparked by the CB radioepidemic sweeping thecountry, policcband receiversand .scanners . have become

readily available to the public.As a result, police radio corn­munlcattons are .continuallybeing intercepted both by cas.ual observers and by lawbreakers. In many cases, ·mis.sian and human lives are jeop­ardized by the lack of voiceprivacy. Commercially .avail­able speech scramblers areeither too expensive, or offertoo little privacy and do notmeet today's 'police require­ments.

Techniques originally devel­oped by NUSC for underwatercommunications are being con­sidered as a possible. solution tothe problem posed by thebandwidth of tho public safetychannels, A SEARCH GROUP,Inc. (a non-protlt corporationfunded by the U,S, Depart.ment of .Justice Law Enforce.ment Assistance Admlnistra­tion . (LEAA)) study wasassisted by Dr. James Atkin­son, 315.

The study consisted of twomajor parts. The first surveyedmany police departments todetermine the need Cor scram­biers and current problems: inthea~~~:()~v(;)Ice privacy.Whe'second'isurveyed existing com­me rcially available speechscramblers Crom a technicalstandpoint in terms of privacylevel, system performance, andcost. .

The survey of police ce!;art.ments showed a definite: 'andincreasing' needfor~Peechscramblers. The teChnicalsurvey showed that n~pres­cntly available speech' scram­bier meets the criteria. rforprivacy, performance. an~' cost,As a result, a recommen:~aFon

is being made to LEAA t~ fpnda two year program to d12\fe]OPa new type of scrambler(employing time divisio~ tech­niques) that shows good poten­tial for increased privacy, ~ndlower system cost. '. :

If funded, SEARCH Gft0UPInc., has expressed • ;,t'9ng

interest 'in NUSC stayi*g In.volved as a technical consultantand assisting in the pr9J;rammanagement.

MEDICAL

Studies are being cond~lCtedwithin the Office of SpecialPrograms Development] .byRobert Levine (a graduata'engi­neer who has been a summeraid for five years at NUS9 andis entering medical schoql) ,toexplore the possibilities assocl­ated with applications 0rlheCenter's expertise in signal :processing and acoustics tomedical fields,

___~~ .,-..:-,.c..-__,_~,_----------"-~_----' _

NUSO's knowledge of sonartransducers and acoustics isbeing utilized in an tnvestlga­tion With research personnelfrom JMh,!srael Hospital in.Boston, The possibility ofusing ultrasonics to warm theheart as a non-invasive aid tocardiac pacing is being ex­plored: by William Konrad,3164.'

James Archer, 4331, CharlesKing, 338, and James Clatk,4123, ::have.provided technicalassistance to the DiagnostleUltrasGund· Department atLawre~ce & Memorial Hospitalin Nc..y London, and exploredmeansfor Improving the ultra.sonic' i.maging of, internal bodystructures,

SOFTWARE

A computer program to facil­itate the use of microprogram.ming 10 the general user hasbeen developed by Timothy J.Mulrooney, 36.31, as part of aresearch project at the Univers­ity of Rhode Island, sponsoredby the NUSC long term train'ing program,

The :pr,ogram, TRACE,,is aninteractivesimulation that runson any Data Genersl minl­computer. Its purpose is tosimulate an 'Eclipse Computer,including the microprogram.ming fBature of the' Eclipse.

TllAf'E has the ability tomerge, with any existing pro'gran> and become part ()f thatpiograin to aid in debuggingand optimizing. The programincludes features to list orchange, all the important para­m.etcrs;'in the computer, includ­ing registers,memory, andmlcrooode; -It can also producecomplete .execlltionl11aps toassist the novice alld/otexpert,in wri~ing.<;pmputer programs,Requests have been receivedfor doeumentation of this pro­gramfrom systems designers atData General Corporation. Adocumentation package hasbeen prepared for public dlstrl­bution: to users throughout thecountry.

ENVIRONMENT

The :U.S. Coast Guard hasawarded a contract to NUSC's

Special Projects Department tomake observations .of turbu-.lence .and orbital motion vel­ocities associated with wind..y~Ves ~s they relate to windsp.~ed and sea-state, Th. DeepWater Ports Act (1974) reoquires the developtilent andapplication of the best avail­able technology to protecttnarine and coastal environ­ments from accidental oilspills. These' data serve .a~ .in­puts used to· identify thethreshold sea-state conditionsbeyond which oil spill contain­ment and recovery 'technlquesbecome Impractical in the opensea.

Dr. David H, Shouting, 311,plans to use the NUSC·devel·oped 20m. long AESOP spar!lugy systgn> M the Platformfrom Which to mount variouslyconfigured arrays of fast reosponse duetedlmpellor sensors,These sensors, developed at theUniversity of Washjngtcnl,candetect scales of motlon downto 10cm and fiuctuations upto 11 Hz.

Experiments are planned forthis . fall in .conjunction withthe Department of Ocean Engi.neering at the University ofRhode Island.

Measurements using the wavefollower buoy system will bemade of the Free Surface Flue­tuationsin order to estimatewave spectra. Supplementarywhite cap data. will represent. alarge source of turbulence thatwill be obtained by aerialphotographs taken from a lightaircraft of the sea surface ever100 meter square area at theside of the AESOP Buoy mcas­urements. This turbulence andwave motion data will supplyparameters to the Coast Guard'to estimate the amounts of oilditrusion and spreading from apotential oil spill disaster.

Also, this data will be usefulto estimate. acoustic scatteringfrom the sea surface.

LICENSING

In the past two years, theNaval Material Command hasbeen placing increased em­phasis on the transfer of tech­nology to industry. Several

n

NUSC inventions have beenexhibited at national tradeshows and in June of this yeara request was received from theHeaschet-Corperatton, '8· .,unit­of General Signal, to explorethe manufacture under .licenssof an Acous.tic. Ship SpeedIndicator invented by Dr.Lewis Stallworth,314, andRobert Hartley, 411.

IPA ASSIGNMENTS

Recently NlJSC has ex­panded the Center's Tech­nology Transter Program byutiliZing the mobility provi-

sions of the Intergoi/ernmentalPersonnel Act (IPA) of 1970 tofacilitate .assignment of em"ployes to directiy assist stat~

and '10c8J government. Person­nel on such assignments remainFederal employes, but do notcount against the Center'spersonnel ceiling if at least 50%of the erjIptoye'ssalary is repimbursed by. the organizationto which the assignment ismade.

In. November 1976, RobertB. MacDonall!, 0702, a physi­cist, began.a full time assign­mentas .8 technology transferagent With the ConnecticutConference .... ofMunicipaHties(CCM). This represents the firsttime a NUSC staff member wasassignedunder .the mobilityprovislons of the IPA. Mac­Donald,whose assignment is Inconjunction .. y;ith. the·: NewEngland Innovation Group,",hich. is funded by the office

'of Intergovernmental Scienceand Public Technolpgyof the

National Science Foundation,wiUserve as. '3 ··1inkbe-tweenpublic sector needs of the 169towns in. Connecticut, and thetechnology resources that can

.meet 'those needs,In the. past nine months,

MacDonald has handled 75-100requests for assistance fromloeal v governmentsrtn diverseareas including .chemical analy­sis, public works, ,fire alarmsystems, solar energy,com·puler technology, cost evalua­t ion , aerial photography,photography equipment, snowand ice control, records man­agement,energyconSp.Ivation,

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AESOP (Another Experimental Stable Oceanographic Pla\formlis a long hollow stemmed spar made of aluminum alloy~lt issimple in construction and has dimensions and dvnamiccnarac­teristics in moderate sea states that meet many of the needs ef astable,platfcrmfor mounting sm~1I instrument sensors above andbelow thenaviface. . ,

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. iA civll engineer, Vincent A.

;:~::~~n'to °t~~2Rh~~~ ~s~:~~League of Cities & Towns(RILCTJ, to coordinate theefforts of the New E~glandInnovation Group, Massachu­setts League of Cities & Townsand RILCT in the formulationof a public works managementprogram for Massacbusetjs andRhode Island. ~ i

Mannion has also beep. pro­viding assistance to state andlocal governments in are~ suchas energy, water leakage, andemergency communicationsystems and equipment. :

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been" involved with' the NewEngland. Regional Commissionin the program formulation ofa solar energy.. informationcenter, and a hot water inltla..tive program with HUD.

William J. McGrath, 07, acomputer systems analyst, ison assignment. to. the .NewYork City Police DepartmentMotor Transport Division,toanalyzeLhe department's fueldispensing system and evaluatethe cost/benefit potential ofautomating, semiautomating,and revising existing '11Ul~t1aJ

procedures related to the. dis­pensing of vehicle fuel. Phase Iof the project, a study of thesystell1.,:presently .... in. use, ,,~as

been completed and a costevaluation of ana9,tomated, .on-line fuel. dispensing systemis being conducted. Recom­mendations for deslgn revisionsto yield greater efficiencies indepartment operations and fueleconomies are scheduled to bepresented to city officials thismonth;

ultrasonic level detectors, soilmechanics, infrared scans, ardreference' materials.

One of his major accomplish- .mcnts has been the coordlna­tlon of workshops for munici­pal officials. To date, threeprograms have been held withspeakers from various resourceagencies' on police, technology,energy conservation and solidwaste managment.

Field tests' of a computerprogram designed to improvesnow removal techniques arepresently being conductedthrough .the technology agentat CCM.Thi5 program is ,3

unique cX~lIn:ple .of technologytransfer to local governments,because ltlnvclves the coop~ra.

tion of several levels of govern-,ment. Sponsored by NSFfunding, technical personnelfrom both the Army ColdRegions' ,Rese~.rch 'and' ,Engi.neeriug Laboratoryand NUSCare woz!,;:ing closely with repre­sentatives of 21 universities inConnecticut to examine' andattempt to optimize, snowremoval and routing ..'systems.Additional programming andimplementation of the systemfor the town of East Lyme aswell as. research: for .opti.mizingrouting procedures is beingcarried out at NUSe by Mar­garet Kulos, 0702. Thirty-twomunicipallties" In..Connecticuthave already. expressed aninterest in the program and the

. first phase of the project, datacollection, has been initiated inthese towns.

Gordo," Preiss, 4123, a meeh­anicalv-engtneer, has beenassigned "to the State of Con­necticut··, Department 'of Plano.ningand Bnergy ' Policy toassist in "the fields of solarenergy. and ~'energy'conserva..tlon, In one of the majorprojects,' Preiss, in cooperationwith NUSC and the StateDepartment of Planning andEnergy Policy, is assisting theThames Science Center of NewLondon in the installation of asolar energy, demonstrationproject, and will be conductingworkshops at the Thames Sci'ence Center on energy conserv­ation and use of solar energyfor private citizens. He has also

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•Newport

Vof.7 -No. 17

New York Employe Join§Center Underffi\

Ms. McNamara will serve asthe assistant for state and localgovernment programs underLh. NUSC Technology Transferprogram. Her duties will in­clude the conducting of expert­ments to study the-effective­ness of existingintergovernmental projects atthe Center and techniques utll­ized for implementing addi­tional projects.·

Ms. McNamara holds theB. A. degree from Empire SLateCollege, State University ofNew York, and has previouslybeen employed at the CornellAeronautical Laboratory andthe Fe deral Bureau ofInvestigation.

Ms. Margaret M. McNamara,a research and administrativeassociate for the New YorkState Assembly Scientific Staffin Albany, N. Y., has beenassigned to the Office ofSpecial'Programs Development,0702, at NUSC.

The two-year assignment wasinitiated on August 15, 1977under. the mobility provisionsof the Intergovernmental Per.sonnel Act of 1970 whichauthorizes the exchange of per.sonnel between Federal execu­tlve agencies and localgovern,ments. This represents the firsttime an asslgument or this typehas been made at the Center.

I,j4-,

IWeap+ns Technology Transfer Seminar

Conducted At Newport Laboratory, ,J ',' __ __ _ •

A total of '130 representa- were to provide an orderly and Kelly, 31)302, G. Barclay delives from 431 U.S. industrial timely transfer to industry in Tolly, 3631, and David Good.firms met with -- ;high~ranking the areasof weapon silencing rlch, 3635.government joffidaJs from and advanced torpedo homing Industrial officials makingseven Naval a,ctlVltJeS at the array design, . presentations included Pro NealNewport Lahoratory on Aug· Papersiwere presented on Brown and Richard Brown ofust 2·3 to attend a Weapons two important programs on- Bolt Beranek and Newman'Technology Tianofer seminar. going at NUSC, which are the and' Dr. William Thompson;Sponsored by INUSC and the Undersea W~apons Silencing, and Dr. Robert Marciniak ofNaval ,Sen 8yslems. Command, Hydrodynamics and Stl"U:ctures Applied Research Laboratories,the pnme purp,0se of the talks Block Program and the Irn- Pennsylvania State University.

proved Performance UnderseaVehicle Block Program. Coordinators for the seminar

Attendees were welcomed to were: Robert Trainorv Super­NUSC by Capt. WilliamE. visory Physicist, and RobertTrueblood, Newport Labora- Kittredge, 3634.tolY Offi~erh) Charge, and Dr.C. Nicholas Pryor, the Center'sTechnical Director, followedby greetiugs from the NavalSea Systems Command by Dr.Edward Liszka, Acoustics andElectromagnetics Branch, whorepresented Stan Marcus, Assis..tant Deputy, Commander )l)Il;!.Technical Director, NAVSEAResearch and TechnologyDirectorate.

Technical presentations weregiven by the following NUSCstaffers: Robert Trainor, Dr.Thomas Davis, both 3634,Fred Nussbaum, 3631, Dom­enic Quadrini,. 363/1, GiovanniSilvestri, 31)02,Dr. Bruce Sand­man, 3634, Thomas Black,3642, Jan Linberg, 311)2,Rich­ard Nadolink, 3635, and Rich­ard Schmidt, 3631, James

13

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

UNITED STATES COAST GUARD

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As a result of rapidly eSCai~ting energy coststhe United States Coast Guar~ Instituted a planbeginning in 1974 to Investiga(\) the Ieasiblllty of- i, -_using solar photovoltaic energy\topower the morethan 14,000 lighted aids-to-n~vigation presently'part of the Coast Guard Inven!ory. PhctovoltalcsIs the process of converting solar energy directlyto electrical energy. Lighted !aids-to-navigatiooare the backbone of the ni9httirre;system of visualaids provided for the marinef.Lighted aids-to­

navigation are presently p01ered by primary(non-rechargeable) batteries. :Ti,e current plancalls for replacing these with lorg-Iived secondarybatteries that generally are rnucn smaller. less

expensive and do not create adtsposat problem.The plan isthree-told:

1. To evaluate solar ene11JycOnversion as apotential energy source to po"!eraids.

2. To establish the de~ign criteria for areliable solar energy conversion and storage Sy5,tern.

3. To develop. specifications for procure­ment of equipment.

The original project tested two types of solarpanels and three types of batteries, some onbuoys in Long island sound, Boston Harbor,Florida and Alaska, with m<!St [of the systemslocated in a fully lnstrumentedlroof-top tesl at ',he

Coast Guard's ResearCh and O?velopment Centerin Groton; Connecticut. The present test has ex­panded to eight solar array! types and sevenbattery types. There is also ali: extenstve accetsr­ated life test program underwayfer tile arrays.

T~~ basic po~er system is*irifple. During thedaylight hours the solar array C;l1a.ges the battery.During the niqhttime houre , t~e .oattery providescurrent to the light thereby aiding .the mariner inhis nlqhttirne navigation. ,

As a result of those efforts, t~e:Coast Guard hasconverted 50 aids in the Miami:) Florida area. This'is the first real life test for sotar powered aids-to­navigation. A second test proposed tor early in1978 in the Boston vicinity is: presently in plan­ning.

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Los Angeles (December 6-7} Atlanta (January 23·24) Boston (March 6,7)

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'tHE: FIRST COMPREHENSIVE TWO DAY' EXECUTIVE: BRIEFING ON:

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!ATTAINING SELF·SUFFICIENCY IN AN ERA OF DWINDLING SUPPLY

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~1"\VSTEI~ATSPLANl\IIr~\lGVI f· . ." &."" .".... \;gj .\J. .-i A TESTED APPROACH FOR INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT

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for-industrial energy users• urban and regional planners- city managers_ mayors and other elected officialso utility executives- environmental and energy expertso public utility supervisors- city engineers• representatives of medical and

educationalinstlrutionsoand all other government and

industry executives affected bythe increasing energy shortage

A "State-of-the-ArtReport" based on this research ~~ill be available. To reserve a copy, please sae page eight,j ..' . . . . 17_._- I .----.-~_. --~.. . _.~. . . ..---.--_.--

The Fallacies of a National Energy ProgramRichard J; AndersonConsultantBattelle-Columbus

."One a(the falladies abroad in this land is that there is a singlenstlonst sotution to the energy problem. In eatustitv, there isM one formula that is going to fit the needs ofall the regionsof this vast country;"

The case 'fora single national energy policy has been repeatedendlessly - by government officials, by the media, and evenby the executives of enerqv cornpanies. But in this provocativeand controversial discussion, Richard J. Anderson, a Battelleconsultant and nationally recognized energy euthcritv, willshatter the myth that a single national policy can solve thecountry's energy problems. In the Northeast, for example,points' out Mr. Anderson, there is virtually no prospect forsolar energy, while in the West solar power can one day playa significant ... role. Likewise hydroelectric energy plays acritical role in the Northwest but is of virtually no importancein Ohio, }ndiana. Illinois and other Mid·Westernstates. "Oneformula ls'uct going to solve our problems," says Mr. Anderson."What woneed is not one r:ation:al energy policy but a seriesof community and regional energy plans."

Energy Planning:.The Community Must Take Charge

C. M. ("Mal") AllenExecutive:. Briefing ChairmanSenior Research ScientistEnergy Systems and Environmental ResearchBattelle-Columbus

"The severe economic shocks to 'which so many communitieswere 'exposed during the 1976:.77 winter were not the conse­quence of inadequate federal programs. Rather they werecaused by .the failure of local community administrators andplanners."

While most look· to Washington, D.C. to "solve'< the energycrisis, the real, solution must be found by community leaders,both governmental and business,saysC. M. ("Mal") Allen, asenior Battelle scientist Who, as Program Manager for itsCommunity Energy·· Systems Planning Research, has directedBattelle projects in Virginia and California and regional plandevelopments in the Southeastern, Mountain, East NorthCentral States and Canada. Mr. Allen will explain why thecomrvun1tY,rather than the federal government, is the kevtoenetgy planning, describe the critical elements. of IntegratedCommunity Energy Systems Planning and explore the ptln­cipaloptions that confront cornmunitv officials. "Eitherthe community must make some hard decisions now:' saysMr. Allen, "or they will be made for it when its back is againstthe wall iii: a few years."

Managing the Energy AuditG. Christopher P. CrallHesearch EngineerOwens-Corning Fiberglas Corp, Tech. CenterGranville, OhioSherwood G. TalbertResearch EngineerFluid and Thermal TechnologyBattelle-Columbus"You have to design for what the total energy aemendot thecommunity will be two years from now, .. . . . ten years,indeed for the remainder of the century;"

Too often, analyzing a community's ellergy consumption con-

18

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sists of little more than a simple calculetion of currentmonthly consumption. Two engineers 'fht) for vears havespecialized in the application of energy es.tirrfation techniqueswiUshow how an audit must answer: CH How much energyis used' by fixed facilities? (2) What ~ the energy flow?(3) How does energy consumption vary ~y tlme and season ?and. (4) What are the best estimates of the community'senergy requirements?

Corporate Problems and PrioritiesJ. Steve Anderson (ChicagQ,November 9·1:mDirector of Energy Planning, Major Appliance Business GroupGeneral Electric Company

Richard B. 1'001 (Los Angales. December 6,7)Corporate Energy Coordinator. ,Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation!

Jack Entwistle (Atlanta. January 23·24)Engineering Associate, Energy Managemen~Fiber Industries, Inc.

Bruce A. Melaas (l3oston. March 6-7)Director, Energy AffairsCelanese.Chemical. Company

In most communities, industry is the, biggest consumer ofenergy and the key to energy stability. jWhat steps are keycorporations taking to conserve energy?;, And how are theyensuring adequate fresh sources of supply? What are the socialresponslbllitles of heavy energy consurers? Citing actualexperiences andfocusingonparticular~,en.~rgy problems ineach region of the country, four energy experts from thenation's leading corporations willanswet these fundamentalquestions. They will disclose the klnds :ohcorporate energyprograms that worked - as well as those that didn't. They willconsider what role corporations should play in shaping com­munityenergy 'pollcles. And they will' discuss the uniqueproblems of their particular industries.

The Silent GluttonsThomas MartineauResearch ArchitectHousing. Research, Community,Regional and Environmental PI,lOningBattelle-Columbus

"Tbe enormitv of energy consumption pV,motor vehicles isreadily apparent. But underneath the anpn'(mous facade of aglass office tower or in the basement of fjnassumjngsuburbansotit-tevete, the waste of British thermafunits occurs withequal or greater abandon;"

While' the automobile gets the chief btarne for the nation'sravenous energy appetite, perhaps the c~ief opportunity forcommunities to actually reduce energy consumption is its

'1housing.stock. Thomas Martineau, an erctiltect and communityplanning specialist who, as early as the mfd·1960's, was recom­mending, that lighting levels be reduced fin 'new buildings andthat-architects be. required to design bl!~ld;ings with minimalheating and cooling loads, will show h9w:incentives can becreated for designing energy efficient b~ilqings; how human

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" productivity can' be improved despite lower energy consump­tion; and, howto calculate' the doUar ·,savings in improvedlighting" heatin~cooJingand ventilation needs in both newand retrofit bUil~ings.

native energy systems? How can future cost savings be weighed Iagainst present cash outlays? What mistakes are many com­munities presently making in costing out energy expenditures?Drawing on extensive experience' with communities throuqhoutthe nation, first as Chief of the Developmental Division, Officeof Planning and Development, Office of Facilities, Engineeringand oPrqper~yManaget1}cnt.: Department of :.~ealth:.:Education,and Welfare .tnWashington,·· D .G."and presently as ·RegionalEngineer (BostQn) for HEW, Donald Bovle, ci~ing numerousactuat case studies, will demonstrate how new energy projectscan be properly casted ... and the expansive consequ.encesoffaulty costing techniques.

HowPollution>Led OMCommunitYToward aSolutionRobert M. Zweig, M.D.Practicl ng'Phys'icianPresident" Pollutlon Control Research ·1 nstltuteChairmen.Envlronmente! Health CommitteeRlverside.Countv Medical Association, Riverside, California

"There is no such thing a$a non-polluting fuel - not evensolar energy."

A few vears aqo, Rlverslde, Caltfornia,: in the. heart of the high..Iy polluted South Coast Air Basin area, was declared one ofthe nation's most pollution ridden communities. Today, as aresult of efforts by practicing physician Robert Zweig andother community leaders, it has becun a major effort to reducepollution levels significantly and, working closelv with Battelle,has launched a program to make itself largely energy self­sufficient by 1985. 'Based on his many years of active involve­ment, Dr. Zweig wiHdiscuss the innovative Riverside expert­ence, and offer stlYfjestions tor other communltlea on theenvironmental considerations in community energy planning,

Shaping Consumer Attitudes:The OverlookedIngredientLawrence G. WellingStaff PsychologistTraining and Hcman PerfcrmenceBattelle-Columbus

liAs soon as the government starts creatinganlfickJl lncentivesand disincentives it must understand that psvch(JlogV,~aswe/las dollars - isat work in every consumer purchase decision."

What kinds of cost 'in~:ntives(and disincentives)a.ctuallylnftuenca energy consurriptlon? In this provocative discussion,psychologist Lawrence'WelHng explores why some increases incosts can sharply cut consumption -while other's have virtuallyno effect; whv rebates are frequently more powerful incentivesto conserve than straight cost reductions; whv any change inpricing must be 'accompanied by systematic arid extensivepublicity;andwhycbnsumersare far more influenced by dif­ferences in capital acquisition costs than by monthly operatingexpenses.

Applying "Li~ Cycle BUc:lgeting" to Energy ProblemsDonald Boyle. Fl. E.R"egional. Engin~rDepartment-of Health, Education and WelfareBoston

"Too many org~nizationsworry snout the immedletecostsoia new energy system and ignore the long term savings. Lifecycle budgetingisD way to avoid that expensive error."

What financial tools can a community use to evatoatc atter-

Evaluating Alternativ4l Energy SystemsDavid A. Ball,Researcher, 'Corribustlcn and Alternate FuelsEnergy Sy.stems~ndEnvirGnmental ResearchBattelle-Columbus

~~Most com11Jutf!ties in this courtry de~'elopedem ,a vef}f hap­.ha~ard baslt"and;havedecentraliied systems that have eVOlvedaround very latge utility networks. "

What new energys,ources must communities develop: to lessenthe burden 00<: existing ,systems? How can a communityevaluate which .particutar systems are best for its particularneeds? David A, Ball will analyze the pros and cons of all themajor new svstems. that a sophisticated commuliityenergyplan must consider: coal gasification, fluidized-bed typeboilers, integrated solar assisted heat pumps, waste fueledboilers, solar hot water and space heating. Then he will demon­strate how communltv and Industrlat planners carl analyzeeach alternative taking into account tnclr indigenous energyresources as well as 'geographical, cllmatic, and usage character­istics.

,Utilizing Wast!lS:Fattor l'antasy?Richard B. EngdahlConsUltant ,Battelle-Columbus

"In the Pilstwl(ve neglected many 01 the opportunities toturn waste into-f:mergy.:Today~ if anything~wearee>:cessivelyoptimistic. ,;

For many communities, squeezed bya shortage of energy onthe one hand and a lack ofsltes for waste disposal on the other,

,.the id~aortran~~()r~ingco,s~IY,waste·an~,sllJd~c"int?valuablefuel andpow'e'r'jS one of the mo's"t alluring"prospectifof the late1910's. But while these dreams are not Mal fantasy, the factis, as Richard B; Engdahl, one the the world's leading expertson incineration'i~ystems, wiUdemohstrate, the financial andenvironmental ~osAA pf turning trash into cash, are fat ,moreformidable than often recoqnized. Still, says Mr. Engdahl,

. who has worked closely on highly advanced waste to energyplants inGermanY,France,England and a dozen other Euro­pean, countries..irnunicipelities will' ,have to ,.proceed. SaysMr. Engdahl; "llhey simply have no other choice."

ERDA and its Integrated Community Energy Systems(ICES) Program(lerald S. LeightonAssi,sta,DtPirec~9r, " ",' , ',' " 'Community and Buildings Energy SystemsEnergy Research and Development Agency

'The ERDA program seeks to provide all segments of oursociety the meansto use lessenergy to.schieve the sameoutput-in goods and .serviess and with minimum negative changesin lifestyles. "

W.hat is the federal view o.fcommunity energy planning? HOWJ',, , Prograrncontinued on next page: ' '

~---------4---- - , . . .'-19

strongly is ERDA, through its integrated Community EnergySystems (ICES) program, encouraging its development? GeraldS. Leighton, a central figure in Washington's support of com­munity energy, planning, will furnish a federal perspective 'onthe objectives afthe program. He will discuss actual-festprogra01sth"t ERDA is now funding around the nation. Hewill 'also address ,the policY,and, political obstacles confrontingthe development of community energy systems.

The Promise of Geothermal Energy (Los Angeles,December 6-7)C. Richard SchullerDirector"Science and Government Study CenterBattelle's Human-Affairs Research Centers, Seattle.

Clarence H.BloomsterStaff EngineerBattelle-Northwest

"Geothermal anergy has an. excellent potential as a multi­purpose renewable resource whlcn rnevbe devetoped over thenext 25 to 50 years."

For many, Western areas, the proxim.ity of geothermal energyresources is one of the most exciting potential solutions totheir energy problems, Recent studies indicate that commun­ities within 50 mHes of a geo.thermal source may well be ableto use geothenmd energy for a wide variety of residential andindustrial uses .. And for purely electric power, communities ateven greater distances may utilize geothermal sources. To doso, however.ia communitv must overcome a substantial numberof non-technical and economic problems. C. Richard Schuller,who has directed an analysis of the legal, institutional andpolitical problernsofproducing electric power from geothermalresources in California, and Clarence H. Bloomster who,forthe past four years, has specialized in the economics ofgeo­thermal energy uses in France and England as well as in theUnited States, will detail the obstacles that confront the devel­opment of geothermal ellergy in the West and suggest ~what canbe done to overcome them.

From Anarchy to Order in Community DesignJohn R. Hag.lyProgram Manager;Housing Research, Community, Regionaland Environmental PlanningBattelle-Columbus

"The trarJitionar.zonjng and subdivision regulations haveserious/imitations for energy planning. U

Traditionally, thacommurutv planning function has focusedon land use. ln the future, however, energy efficiency mustbecome another goal of the planning process. John R. Haqetv,an architect who has conducted numerous studies of building'design and community planning, will explain why energycriterla should be included in the planning. process, Carefully

planned community clusters, Mr. Hagely beliey'Es.:offer thebest opportunity to reduce energy consumption bydecreasingthe necessity for, transportatlon. Increeslnq the u~age of wasteheat from industrial processes and, by intelligent siting, cuttingoverall resldentlal heating requirements by as 'nuc~as eightpercent.

THE l-EGISl-ATlVE ADDRESS

Technology is only part of the problem: plan~in9 is onlyone element of the solution. In order to impleri)ent prudentenergy conservation policies and precticat elterrative energyprograms, enormous institutional and cultural barriers must beovercome and,difficult, social choices must .be m¥l3:.

These .chanqes necessarily involve significant political issues.At each of the executive briefings, a distinguis~ed ,politicalteader.who is famillar with both the national energyscene andthe energy problems of that particular region of\\thecountryw:ll, examine these complex political issues. If! particular,each will discuss the progress of PresidentC?rter's.,el'lergy pro­gram and will consider the role that the federal~gtWernment

should play in assisting ,community energy p1annrng;

At the Los Angeles executive briefing (Deceml:ier6-7) theHonorable George E. Brown, Jr., United States R~presentativefrom the 36th District of California will address the group.Representative Brown is.a member of the Agric¥ltlfral Com­mittee, the Science and Technology Committee, the JointCommittee on Atomic Energy, and the TechnQjQ9Y Assess­ment Board. He is noted for his personal ·col11mi1ment tofinding workable solutions to the energy problem and for hiscomprehensive understanding. of. the issues.

The Chicago, Atlanta, and Boston briefings will Halso be ad­dressed by a distinguished state or federal offidal who willshare with you his views on the difficult potitieaideclslcnsthat lie ahead.

SPECIAl- FEATURES OF THE BRIEFING:

Each participant will receive a bound copy oV"lntegratedCommunity Energy Systems Planning: The State-of-the-ArtReport," which will. be an invaluable referenceitool fordeveloping acommunity energy plan, c

. After each presentation as well as during a speclalrecennonat the end of the first day, attendees' will hav~ the oppor­tunltv to meet personally with members of the Battelle energyteam to ask additional questions and to discuss their owncommunity's energy problems,

After. the conclusion of the formal sessions, Rouudtables willbe organized by subject area, at which you will be able to ex ..change views with other attendees as well. as the Battelle pro­fessional staff on a variety of key energy issues. Each par­ticipant at the Roundtable will share your interest in thatsubject matter.

ATTAININGSELF·SUFFICIENCY IN AN ERAOF DWINDLING SUPPLY

INTEGRATEDCOMrJIUNITY E~JERGY

SYSTE.lVILS PIJAN1~INGA TESTED APPROACHfOH lNlJUSTflY ANt' GOVERNMENT

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COLLECTORS~OR SPACEHEATING INOi!lSTRIAlPROCESS AIR dONDITIONINGAND DOMESTI~HOT WATER

General design pri~ciples, solar spectrum,greenhouse effect. ~olarspectruni' as per"ceived on earth, ana .as calculated allow­ing .for absorption bands, scattering, etc,Heat balance for whole earth, greenhouseeffect, consequences ofintroducing variouskinds of glass and pl~stics as glazing mater­ials, ·General design:~ requirements for flatplate collector. Coni~ents on principal ad­vantages and disa~yantagesof focusing,serni-focusing and f[~t devices.

Consideration of it working fluids..Air,water. Extension of t~mperature range usingglycol-water mixtur~~.salt solutions, etc.Extra costs. added U;chnical problems. Re­quirement of low t~mperatureprotectionin northern climates] utility of higher tern­peraturesfor tho op~ration of simple rna-chines. n

Selective surfaces] Spectral'curves: sun,hot body. ExpJanatlon of how selective

22

[!] New York Unlvorslty1 School of Continuing Education

Divlsicn OfBusinessand Management

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The seminar is intended to provide heating and!1 ventilating con-tractors with an understanding of the application of solar energy tomeet household heating needs; .to provide a practiqal summary andreview package that should be of interest to professional engineersand architects; to appeal to management and plan~ing functions inmanufacturing concerns. Space heating, industrial !iprocess heating,and domestic hot water will be considered. !! .

Sample problems and rJlustrative calculations ~:i11 be offered inconnection with each important technical topic. Abbjeviated tables ofdata and su.~maries of certain. calculated results wjll be prov.id~d inorder to facilitate hand calculations and the preparation of prelirninarvestimates.

SEMINAR CONTENTSOLAR ENERGY INPUT

Astronomica~lgeographicalfactors, Energyreaching' the earth's location. Daily andseasonal variations due to rotation andmotion ln orbit. Solar position angles. An­gles of incidence, importance in terms ofinterception and reflection/absorption char­acteristics

Effect on earth's. atmosphere; eltmatolo­gica' factors. Attenuation, variation of airmass with solar altitude. Total. radiationreceived; unit surface, sea level, any orien­tation and tilt. Discussion, effect of ele­vation above sea level. Weather/cloud cover-Climatic Atlas of U.S., monthly andaverage values of possible sun, total hoursof sun, mean radiation. mean sky cover.Tabulations, many citie·s.Maps, monthlyvalues.

Energy input on whole bulldlng.Influenceof surface orientation. Building .surface asheatingicoolingload, longwave radiation,nocturnal radiation.

Possibilities for heating, limitations ofsolar energy. Consequences.of low intensity,daily and seasonal variations, and unpredlc­table interruptions.

11,'

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"THE PROG'UI.'..I Rf.Vll'WED PASTAND ?Rf.SWT SOLAR ENERGYDESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION."Carl J. RuderAssistant SupervisorYellow Freight SystemOverland Park, Kansas

"1\ SYNOPSIS Of THE "STAH OfTEE ART IN SOLAR COLLECTORS,"Morris KlatskinSenior Mechanical EngineerHolmes &NarverAnaheim, California

"AS AN ".RCWHCT m:SICNiNGfOR THE CONsuMER AND CUr:NT,THIS COURSEIS EXCElLENT H/n~NfOiUAA'nO~.t..,j\:D COi:JCEPTCONCERNH~,jG.SOiAE ENERGY."Gary K, DonaldsonPartne-Princ ipaJArchitects Goss. Dr2.kE::, DonaldsonSan Angelo, Texas

uTHE ~OlAR nf.l-a ISN'f.\rV- THEPROGRAM '/dAS AS S,~EClf!C AS ITCOUtD HE AT P~tt'5[NT."

james O. CouplandPresidentCoupland. tAmJn:~ AssociationAlbuquerque. New Mexico

(Continued From Cover)

ti{AriVf. ANQ ;:.NYON:':V/~iO isG0HJG TO BE Vr'ORKr;'.JG ;j\f-THESOlLi\~n::lD SHOULDCCNSiDF!·i IT.''',l"lli.:i"in G. SuttonSpecial Projects EngineerNe"/i!da Power Companylas Vegasr Nevada

OfENT!~~~ !j"'IUU5TRy/tEdward B. 5[;'-"0'.'McKeesport, Pennsylvania

IfV·f~~Y GOQDTtCHN~(:ft..l. r/p..EStN~

TATiO'~."

Alex G. DC:.J~Jl:;

Genera! Manage,JCD. Engineering Ltd.Vancouver, 8,C, Canada

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!JTH;: SEMiNAR L5 VERY lNFOR·

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if':.: a:.... j !fI(,\;$t~ :,1 precess f:t>ld in i.'.~: ne:-l ten',-_r~ er.d ii') started ,~irci;;,d';". The ~<-:;:r-:r;:;;l".~'{

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GENERAL REVIEWPrinciple~.,. .. .'DiscusSionJanaIYsis.· Detailed examination

of currently available solar heating gear.

DESIGN PROCEDURE ANDCALCULATION

Procedurelrequ.ired data. lnteraction offactors-such as collector size, 'efficiencywith latitude, building size, U value, cli­mate, and storage system.

Iterative natere of.calculafjcns, Ccncep­tual system. consideration of variations inoperating parameters. performance of sub­systems, preliminary design.

"E,valuatiOr'l:pJ.."COfl;l,pletesystem perfor­mance. Data.on steadv operation, responseto expected daily and seasonal fluctuations."Worst case" results based on extremes ofweather, other conditions.

Approximate ··c:ompntational· methods.Da'ily averaga values previouslv establishedfor a variety. of systems and subsvstems, canbe used for initial estimates of performance.Descriptionofstandard form for canven-lencein ealculatton. .

ENERGY DI:MAND ANDSOLARCONTRIBUtiON COMPUTEItPROGRAM

Heat/coolrequirc-ment. Location; Uvalueand .c:>~her g~inflossfactors, extremes ofweather.occupancvetc,

Energy demand. Weather information forlocation .....·giving 'analysis throughout entireyear. .

Solar contribution. Input throughout year;Collector -design/performance parameters.CharaCteristics .of energy st~l'agesystem.

Back-upsyslem. Haating/cooling method.Overall system characteristics. 'Contro'l logic.

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COSTEFFECTIVENESS OF fSOLAR HEATING & AIR fCONDITIONING f.

Trad_Ifs. Collector costs. fuel savings, iprovision forstorage, t

Ene'rgy "'c()nserVation~' AdvClnt~Jl~s' of 'eX: :,1'tra insulation, weather stripping, provision - ,,1 "·ri~!r" lAS A 'Vii v<

, ~.~'~I UUL, • l' .,,\/';;',

formfnfmum requlred ventilation. Need for ! P;0fcs~ionai Engineer,

improved thermal efficiency in connection "•...... t.. c: <.II.-..·",,'twith solar heattngreocling deslgns. ,,~lcen....e Arct.it ..... ': [·1'1 "i("''''f''('ii<~'''~' l ~ ..~~~~~'-fJ? ; ..."1' •

L 1 ·x,:,'.", .-:::,,",1. : Douqtes A. wilke IS a~. I /.i~~. ";"":-¥~""'71 IjcNlS€'~ ars~jtect ~nd al ! ,~~i" ~\';"'(}'.' .. r ; professional engtneer.f! .: (\. J~ 1-:£ has designed restoen-1';·\ ~..,r r 1 ti.:'.l. n-uniclpal cud pro.\ _..._~~. f:...'~.-._. _I cess b1l;!C,;lig5 tocorncr-. ~:d;1.\! ~h: U~~ ot solar '~n~~gy through !:y)!l1 flwd

end air systems. His recent rj~~.jr,n of c. soletcnergtaed wastewater Treatment Plant receivedt.;-'i~ O'vens C')min~ 1975 I:::-I€:-gyCOq$?;v;:;'~k:·n

;"',·"::wJ of the vear.Currentlv his consulting workincludes the integration of solarienaineering,a.cb.tecture andvconstructton engincetlng in!"!::J:1iC:~01 arid testdcnti ..rt orojects requiring h:at·i:l!:; and ..;ir,con<l1t:'''''ling.· Additional resaarcb ofrus l[jc!~,!(~~~ Biowaste Conversion processes and~,h,~ ",r:c..iomtcs of industrial .-::;?plicet:om using.~:):J' enerav. ,\1r. V/Hkf:' received u.H.A. hi En­,):;;('rifts from :~:ewEn~~J<lnd College and hls.,::·:,;,·,':,~d;.g;e(' in Architecture from tho Cc'um­'j,: ~..~\-..,y:;~ of ;f,rchi~,,~~tllre He is <'1i1 ecnve mcm­t:.-::r of ~he ;nt~i'I,,?,ti(inl'i1 :',')!~i· Eni.;;.S:·i Scc.etv.He has lectured on tbc subiact of solar energvwido;!';" in tl.e l)i;it:,:d Statesand abrcec.

STORAGE AND $ACK UPSYSTEMS

Storage. Water, rGel< (sand foundation),phase change systems; Examples of build­ings which have use;d these .techniques:Lot. NSF Demonstrations. Thomason,Telkes. Problems: b41k cost-long termstability. General aCe'~ptability and attrac­tiveness. of water; po~s'ible.advantages ofother syst~ms.

Back upsysteJ"s. qld buildin~; probablyexisting plant. New c:onstruction;considercomparison between electric ,resistance heat-cheapest possible Ioriginal installation;and, h~at pump-,..exp~nsive,higheffidencyheating plant. ·Numeri,cal data· for selectedlocations. Discussion..

,Additionaf 'fl3.irefl~ors,semj.focus:i"g

devices. Influence of' r~f1ettor on collectorinput, materials end lefhniques which maybe useful. .

surlace helps. Kinds of selective surfaces:quality, (stability~ costs.]

Performance cotnparJsons. Cost effec­tiveness' of selective sJ'rface as compared

rwith extra layer of glazing.

~DISCUSSION OF ~RINCIPALTYPES OF EVACU.j%;TED TUBEAND FLAT COLLECTORS

•OFFERED ORPRqPOSEDGeneraJiZediUustrat(bns. Leading design

features. Consideratiorr. of factors such asweight, cost. (durability), andpertormance.Influence ,of collector ~esign on auxilliarygear needed. "Circulati~n systems. Natural'convection.

APPLICATIONS rpR SOLAR.HEATING: NEW BUILDiNGS OF,CONVENTIONA~DESICNI:EXISTIN9 ~lJIL[)I.NG (R~TR()FIn

Suitability of variou~ colieCleirlvpes fornew building and re"G/it. Adaptability,weight, possible credit! for sheathing whenmass' ,pr()duced. pane'l$ 'are used for newconstruction. ;

CoOec'tor" 'arientat;on/areatrade~()ff.Southerly exposure, elevation angle, verti-de walls. .

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IN·COMPANYP~OGRAMThe program describeq in this brochure tan be offered On an "irrcompany' basis. In addition',this program ,can.bej: modified and ·ta~lored to your specific needs. In evaluating thepossibility of using "irtcompany" training, you should consider costs, scheduling, workloads,interaction, environ1ent,program content and a host ,of other factors. We would bedelighted to provide ypu with an immediate response to your request forproposal,questions,problems, etc.Just write or call: H~idi E. Kaplan,lnformation$crvicesManager, New YOlk Conferenceiv\anagement Center,~60 t.e~~irigton Avenue, New York, N.Y. 1001-7 - Tel: (212) 953~7262.

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Nf.·}/ '1-(:(::< U~i\':'~:;:;~ "C'~~ DO L "", r', ·,t in;" ',_ .. ,_,1 __ c.::'f.J N-':1;otiating Techniques in R!',{! F<;tf.ltfl

D Bud.g'2tiJ~g and Effective C05t !\n,;;!\'sl:}

Packnglng Practices

Plastics Technology

Financial Planning for the Closely Held ((,;pO!'I'

How to Select and Start Your Own Susil1es:; kli;\~iC'I,1C'"

Projec. ManJ.gernent for Engineers <,eSuccessful Research and Development Managbf\;ntShock and Vibration

Understanding and Obtatning Federal Crants

~.j lndu~,\;i.:.lCry6g20lC T',~cr:nology

:J i..nerg)'CGns(::rI~tjo:nin Industrial Plants

~J f ,K:fl;V tv:~n<lgelTl".~r;lt in 8uiiding~

o Fin;in!:in/-i Oil and Gas,Ventures

[J MnoJ,gcriaISkHls_f()rthe Developing Manager

S.~le::tion lntervie,.....irtg: Strategies; Tactics and Skills Practice

Ll Automation of Mallufacfu~ing Operations

,f] Understanding Finance forManufacturing and Productiont"'\,li'l:'lgement

o l'J\anufacturingMar:3gemeryt for Multi~Pl3ntOperationso Estimating and Coritrclling Manufacturing Costs

o Startin};, Developing and Marketing a Successful Franchise Program

f] ,\-hxlcrn Alternatives to Francblse Marketing

o t'\(;:w Products: A,Sy'A€in-atlc Approach

OReal Estate F!Il<1nc:a!and EC\..~i1iXn~.:: "O,""'')ll'I<',',

[J Tij,k(omider<..ytions Aff'2ding fh:Ji E:~t,).tE.' In,,'d,,,,,,·.,to Incr€(:hin~~ Productivity in MJnL!f~~ctun::g

o .Metals,Tecbootogv

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LOCATIONS: The seminars are held in comfortably arranged meeting roomsin convenientlylocated hotels. For exact hotel. information and your room reservations, please either call TollFree at &'Xl!223-.r4sa from anywhere in the U,S. (New York State please call collect (212:953-72£>6j or you will receive betel in~ormationinthe mail when you register,

EARLY REGISTRATION IS ADVIS:ED: To register, phone the Registrar Toll Free at 8001223·1<450 from anywhere in the U.S.(New-York State please call c:ollect212t953'-7266). Youmay also registt!r.by comp!eting the maiJ registration form below. All phone and mailfl'gistratioM are ccdirmed.by (he Registrar. Last.-minuteoo-site registration is not encouraged

SUIEDULE:SeJ;linarhours are from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. with a luncheon break from1.00P,M, to2:1SP.M.

TRAVEL ARRANGEMEN'1S:We May be able to provide a-irline group discounts, if avail·able, to attendees of this ptogram.Ear!y rescrvancns ate required to possibly obtain thesebenefits. please call ToU Free at 8001223-7450 Ircrn anywhere in the U;$. (New York Slateplease call collect 212f95]-7266l.

FEE: S435 tuition fee per person per seminar plus $60 registration fee 'per company pels(!minar (il'lcl::ding ill! workbook and handout. materials), Additional persons from sameorganization, 543Sin total. .

GENERAl.INFORMATION

1] HO'N to Work Out.Problem Rei'! Estate Loans 0 Covernrncnt Proji!ct'Mi:l:l1il3ern<:"rit

1;)[ lu(a~i~:1~·,-ddi'r,·tdf:·d ::!c':.:riptive brochures. on these :hl tiona llv .held tVi(,l-d,::'{ to fivg-::(}ay seminars, pi~a.st' CCi1t,:I'.':t t\-i~. ,Hei-:.ij Kilj.::1,?'J:,1~)fc,r!TI.:t!0~ Scrvlces t......ar-ager, Toll Free at (~Gc:j223~7430(f'iew York Stare call c(.ljjt'f't211()S3~72{J2),or check the su!')jeci:S of i~*~,;f~:;tt'.)y')l.lOr

your orgunlxatlcn for details by return mail vfithoutobligiJtion. ',_....,..~.~_ ;= "tt .... c ••'" ". , .. ,.,,_...... ".,....._.-:.:-...--..;

CERTifiCATESOF PARTICIPATION: New York University's Scifol,-Of Continuing Educationwill award certificaresofparticipation to a:1I wh9attend.. ;: :!CONJINUING EDUCATION UNITS: AUparticipants in this seTin~ will receive ContinuingEducation Units. Continuing Educeuon Units (CEUsl are natio~all¥ recogni,~ed units whichyou earn for participating in qualified continuing education programs. Similar to creditswhich allow you to carty degree work from one school to ano,thef. CEU's make it pcsslb!cto document non-credltwcrk completed. Recorded, on a pernranent transcript whic h mavbe transmitted (lnly with your authorization. CEUs maybe us.ed as evidence of increasedperformance capabilities and for job advancement. One CEU is-awarded tcr to.ccmacrhours of such participation. , '',\iAILING LIST: If you would like to be on a specific list, or if V9u~esire to have vocr nemedeleted. please contact William Kulak. New York Conference Management Center. 3W tex­ington "'v:enue, New York, N.Y.10017. If you receive more than one copy of this brochurein the mail._we suggest passing the. additional copies along to' your colleagues who mightbenefitfrom the information, .

TRANSfERSANOSUBSYlTUTlONS: Transfers or suhstitut;ons,:mav be made at any time.-lffor anv reason whatsoever you cannot attend. the entire tuitiClfl Iee.wnt be credited to anyother program over the following twelve-monthpetiod.

TAX DEDUCTION OF EXPENSES: An income tax deductionf'is: ~J1owedfor expenses or"education {including·reglstration fees, travel. meals, lodying) undertaken to maintain' andimprove Ptofessionalskms(s~eTreas. Reg.1.162-5)(Coughlin VS'"Cormissioner 203 F 2d 307).

SOLARENERGY is presented by the New:York University SChoO:!0f;Continuing,Edocation­in association with the New York Conference Managem~t Center. an independent

SEND YOUR TEAM: The full utilization of important knowledge usuany requires discussion, educati.onal organiz~tion that .works With. universities~ consulti~ finns, publishers~l'ld othersupport and cooperative effort. After the course your team will be able to implement and prctesstcnal groups In the deslgn and delivery of seminars and l:0n,rerenc.es for business andreinforce each-member's efforts. . .. government.. . .1;

------------.......-------------Plcasecutalongthisline and return with label., -----.~- ----""T:'~--------

REGISTRATION fcORM ~ SOLAR ENERGYPleaseprint or type'.Company -'- -- -_----

Address,' .

City Stare Zip) ~

Telephone(ArcaCode)

Print for Nameplate and Certificate

Name Title

(Exl)

Make checks pavable to "Solar Energy"andmall to SCENYU REGISTRATIONSNew York Conference ManagementCenter360 lexington AvenueNew York; N,Y.10017

o Check en':!osed·O Billmy company

DATES <checkas applicable}D lune20-22,1977 WASHINGTON, D.C.D August17·19,1977 TORONTOD October12·14,1977 HOUSTOND December12,14,1977 LOS ANGELES

NON-PROFITORG.U.S.POSTAGE

PAIDNEw VORK, N,Y.PERMITNO. 79J1

11 the person on me label is no longerernploved at your company. ple:s~o1

route this informative brcchare to hisrep!ace"v~nt or dl."aprtment supervi\QfQf t'<lining director.

EllNAVAL WEAPO~ CENTERCODE ',50'3CHIM.LAKE .CA 93555

OFfERED IN: \Vashinr.ton D.C," Toronto 0 Houston" Los Ar.~ekls24;~

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Export Dep,;ltlllcnt, Flow Con:rCI Dtn[(:/Tlat;olli:l

"Workshopl: An Introduction to.ConductinqInternational Business"

MethodsSources of tntormauonTIlt; R~lle of The Banks

SESSION W1: "INTERNATIONAL B,USINESS". and "OPEN FORUM"9:00a.m. - 12:00 Noon - Pitrstnnqh RoomChairmen: Newton Heston: Dr. l. S. Tuu,,;'I>Kereo'(i

'.'Amcrtcen Chemicat Socictv > PittsburqhSection - Enviroiunentol,Group, An Overview"

Ralph l.. ScottPil1shuryh Eneryy R,~;;e':'lch C":-nter,-ERDA.Pimbu:g;"Pennsvtvania

!-II--,'

"Ultimate Brine Disposal Energy Considerations'Churlf's E. McKn:ilht, P. E.. C"I~:Slil!W

U. S. Army Armament H & DCorn;'l;;nd. Cheinic.::}Systems Laboratory, Abmd(~o.!' Pro\"ng Ground"_~!"('!l,,nLl

ltbliIU\;;l)i il""·:';'·:i

IlmnESll!iV, nmm 12i·'on"I'·"':"1' 'j 'ii-I. iJ II. Ittl

"An Autornutic Controller to Limit MaxunumHcctrlchv Demand'

Dr. Nurul VIii. A$~,(lci~j\e Pr()!(,;sorDepur tmem 01 Elccu 'ell EJ';'" ,J::rinil. R;\':idh Un;~f:'h',

Riy,ldll. SAliDI !'...:':,'l.BiA

!\kch;lIli:'dl En~!:l"oi"': :1\:;. C,:;PitlsillHy'll. ?1~1\l\~.) II.',;!)!"

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Panel:Newton Heston, DirectorPitlspmgh District Office. U, S, Department of Cw:::o"

...... , Gerrh Slitter, Assistant Vice Presidentlntcroattonal Department. ~,'ellon Bcnk , N. M.

"Carucq-oMellou in::..ti n.u- of n~~~(!dICh·c'---·Eller9Y

. Pr.o:;ralll"Of . .I. v.. hl~!"Up;k, Dit,~,·;("

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TUESfiBY. BGlOBERll11l0RfimfiSESSiON T1: "SHARING NUCLEAR

TECHNOLOGY ~ PROLIFERA­TION OR CONTROL"?

9:00 a.m. - 12:00 Ncon.c- Pittsburgh RoomChairrnun: Dr. lain LeMayPanel Session:

'.'The. United States Nonproliferation-Policy andthe Reactions of the Technical Community"

Melvin J. FeldmanOakridge National Laboratories, Oakridge, Tennessee

"Viewpoint ofa Major U. S. Supplier ConcerningProliferation and the Viability of NuclearIndustry"

P. M. FrenchR. J. Ranellone~\'estinghouseElectric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

SEMINAR: "An Overview of APL"Alan J. RoseScientific Time·Sharing Corporation, White Plains, NewYork

... "The Need for Cooperation and The Sharing ofTechnology in the Nuclear Field

Dr. lain Lf:May.ProfessorUniversity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan,CANADA

"Coal GIS! fju!ti~)n: No,..... ~:n'·'-!r':,~1 ,fron'l ,:.t.;; OldIdea"

David L.I\'lc1<own. P. E., PreoLencc Tcchnica! WriterMonroevi! ieiPennsy Iv<lni<i

SESSION I'Ji3: "COMPUTERS AND ANAL YSIS"2:bC1 pm. ~-5:GG p.m. - F:Jr!' Vlev' uocmChairmen: Alan J. Hose: V\hi!'J B. I;',.',i~lht

""'[e,chilologic.al Advance, COr:lj)uters, The ,Eflglnecr1and the Compression of Time"

wi1l1y 8. ~'\'rightArthur O. Little, Incorporated, Cambridge, M<1SS;lchusetts

"Techniques-to Reduce Analysis Costs"Harold H; WaiteiP' -E., Vice P..esldentBasic Technology Incorpcrated, Piusburgh, Pennsylvania

'JU~;~ 01' :-':::i"F};-';:idH; .,;. il'::,

Dr, Monit :\l"f~i, j):;!!:':.:..'JlSaudi Ar~hi,u: Or!:pniLJtl\;n 1,a S:~i ' iarcki:,:,0:1 ;:;~d

MetrulollY. R,i'l"dll, SAUDI il,dAbl

., ~[H Hi

"Grain Refinement of Copper Base Alloys byUltraso nic Vibrations"

Dr. Mohalnl't1 A. K.:.d~(m. Head~ 'al En9ine,~riT;g. Rivadh University.,

SAuDI ARABIA

"The Role of Carbides in the Accelerated Attackof Superalloys"

Dr. M. E. El-Dahshan, ProfessorDepartment ofChemical Enginee-ring, Riyadh University,Riyadh,SAUDI ARABIA

"The Etfects ofPressure onthe ·Ignition-'Delay ofCoal: Particles"

Nelson Buitrago, Industrial and Mechanical Engineet,CaH. COLUMBIA

"Metric Training in Industry"Dr. Kalman Mecs.PtofessorChairman, Department ct Methematlcs, CommunityCollege of Allegheny County, Allegheny Campus.Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

AfHRnfiilnSESSION M2: "MATERIAL SCIENCES"2:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. - Pittsburgh RoomChairmen; Dr. M. A. Kadeem; D. L. McKown

ri~f:r::i~~!lI"I."ll,U

Dr, L1di~ntOl.:d 1\. Moustafer\i;n:dJ r,1_ SoaritH'yiiuh U;H'i:r~ity, Btvadh. SAUDI t:,RA8iA

UA Distribution Free Algorithm forPatternRecognition"

Dr. :\lurul Uta, Associate ProfessorDepartment of Electrical Enginf:ering, RiyadhUiliversity,Riy.-.dh, SAUDI ARABIA

LE::; .W.:',

"Stresses at the Junction ofConical Pressure VesselHead and Cylindrical Outlet Caused byAsymmetric Loadings"

I:... Prirnak. Senior Mechanical Engineer .Energy Corcouants. Incorporated, Pittsburch, Pennsylvania

"Interfacial Reactions in Multi-levelMetalliziation Systems"

• Dr. Ram Kcssowskv. Westinghouse Electric Corporation, R & u-cemer.

Pittsburgh. PennsylvaniaFormerly; Technion. "Haifa, ISRAEL

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S"5SIO,,, rio 1: "MULTI-DISCIPLlt>JARY TOPICS":}:GG".i'" 12:00 Noon ~ Pinsburqh Hcorn "MuhipJicity,Hy~W;i$i!i,~ndl!r;sab_i!itv)aCI1:.~. 'Ii'_':: Dr. MdHnoud / .. MOLJ~tiif~; Alex Prnnak Cheilll:'.ally Reactive ::: -ae.r.c"

. _, _. I 01" SSE H E"INi,s!l,;j,·A:, :":i"t,, :'I',,:,fI!S';m"Forced Oscillations of Nonlinear Nonsvm.oemca ,''''' Qc'pa~I~"~I;t ~t Cr.el~1ic':I· Er\\!1 "~~rit,:, C~iiO Univer sit v, "Ev~:l:J;Jt li,iDc.( r: 1"1;:1.;"(' .:' :,,~l ';Hi :,11',~,_.'_'~J_'_~'_''_k

'-~----~-Dampea-SVStcms ffaving Twn-D~'U:nJf------'~-C;i;o,EGY?~' - - ., -~ i'hT!""!:itc-e"ro;t{;emlf~Plr~;:-rdt"Freedom" - ~)! \\,:i_i,,;~: r' '\";L'!~, ,'_,"ld'l .

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CONGIlESSCHAIRMAN:lrure Kl!H:nyi. PtesidentIker Inu:nldtiOrMI Inco'llDI'alt!dPittsburgh, rennsylv:lOia

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PRESIDENT:Or. 1.5. Tuba.PresldeetBasic T.!chnolo~vlllcorporate-d

INTEIlNAT1C:,oAL TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE1125 Sillhburg Road, PiU:iburgh, PA.Phone: (412) 795'·6300

.For A(Jdition.l//aformarioIlContacr:

"~~')!;lo ElI'r':,I l::~;l:;, -h .;,01. \'(;!l,.,'1, C. Pt'i1I~. \:'lil) XL:'y(;"std ,.'mil'EH';flll':~\'!lIi :,·C.)n\,"~';: ." I);

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N, ~i~~L~i:;'~\~.O;li'(::,)' 'll t.. ~::,,!:,<\-Sol'llil.::ll F isu-Llum, Cnnf>II!lill\I' ~·I'i~l-;;'. rSO:ilf D.:','clnplllcm Glthlji. ~.~.jl;;~.ld·.,;, N;.,i,\ JI:Ut>'i

"The Efk<:t afU~)und:IlY Llyu(:()ntrolonCutved Dijfusers"

Dr. A, t\t Shil,!, Pr;;l;:~:;m

Dell;)l tlllciu'lJf l\·1.:t:hi,ni';i,I,E1IWnCC' in!J, Ri\,Otdh Uni"elS;:Y.Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA

"Passive SO!.:lr S'-/stems are Next"ROil G'illlun; Pfc!idcl'ilSUllwall. Inc(JIJlQru[cd;Pill!;LUlgh. PCfi'lsvlvania

~'Appli<:ation of FiniteElelllent Technlques tcDeslqn Anil!ysis'of it Surface CondenserWater Box"

N. J. Shl,lnd'g~, Director of Technolqgvserer Devetopmeru Grcup, Murristowll, New Jilrsey

A. RangwaliiR. Bover ~_

Ingcl"scll·ROInd Cumpany, Phillipsburg, NewJersev

"Thu Develorxncnt i:i,r! U,. ;j2 -uon ,..' i:lFlml1\~J::iPti.rmilig S~·SU.H 'fer:: ~"rt'l, . Tee: nc;.It...~y{'.$;;~.i~I"l;~llt and Fcrccsu"

Dr. S:lfllijllllill" r.t r:<li, P:<:,idcllt

l1"i ~.jd A~~':';;;"l'l~, Tempe, Atlltln"

"Ietrsnctior.at F.wu!JY C~,I'I;)),-·.;ty: Till:ImE:{du~~~i1rleno.:.,'. j)f'f.-;hl i~,j~h"

c. J. Berton, fl"~lio-r.rill\·t'il"~~':1 - ~;'r~u:m'Taylor·Syllron Ccrporetlcu, Beaurnom, 1 ;:.~as.

Dr. Davidw.s. Caboll~ A$'>:Siilm Phlt!s~ol

lamar UniversilV. eflallntolU, Texas

"The Transfer and Implemenu-ricu of the Ur,itIJdStates Health Carl! Mallilgufil,;rH $,:ii:llCO irlMexico"

Or, Samendar M. Holi. Presider1tliai and Associates, Tempe;Ari;:ona

Dorothv M. Hai, Ed.D•• Assistant PrctesscrArizona StatuUnivtllsitY,Tcmpe. AriZOrnl

ftfIfftlmfiftSESSION H2: "EQUIPMENt ANO SYSTEMS"2;00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m..... Pittsburgh RoomChairmen: Dr. Mohamed Oamir; Peter Gaoll

!~fi'iOO iii: Tne f'jew Perspective in AdvancedControl Systems" .

c.J. Barton, Acgic.ilaIMolnil!]Cr - SvstemsTaylor·SybronCofl>orutior., Beaumont,Texas

"Micl0procassor Controllad Physical PropertiesTesting,System"

Peter Gaal, PresidentThOffig:> Pattantyus, M3na~,W( Electronic~Anter L..bor;;tofie:., Pitts:"U'"llh. f'ilUllsylvJ;lilia

"A New Apparatus for Determiniog1.haAdsorption Isotherms of Carhon DioxidaandMeth"ne on Kaolinite Clay"

Dr. AyadAlz<lvdi,Profes:iorDepartment of Civil Engineering, RivadhUnivorsity.l1iyildh,SAUDI ARABIA

"Speed Fluctuation in Machine Drives"Dr. Ahr.led Ezzat.ProfessorDepartment of Mechanical Engineefing. Rivadh Univenl1v,Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA

"Accuracy of Measurement of The Diameter ofThin Rings"

Or. Mohamed DarnirKing Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering.Jeddah, SAUDI ARABIA

"Appropriate Tachnol09Y for TIlird WorldHousing Needs"

~,.""-C.;~",,,,,,,,,,",g,!19.r::!.~,~Jip-9Jt::~f:l,c:~.,As$.i.$taot,P'(Qfes~or,·­p~p_art.ment of Civil ~l)ginceri~p.,'Pirfl~gi~~Me:l.I()1lUnlvetslty. Plttsburbh, Pi!nMylvania

~." ',IUl;l 1'-' ' -r-nu.uves el!

.rs t, •. :.:ll! I..;,~jr ~;(,;lisin inH:rniltiufI<:1

"

';ESSiON 1'1'2: "ECONOMIC tilSTORYPOLICY AND LAW" '

::nop.r.·•. - 5:00 p.m, - Pituburgh ko0tl'i("i;.hrrlti'l: 8. A. f{<Irlowitz, Esqulre and.Jobll F.eradh~V_l:$quire

"Intemationalfinitncing, Trado and -CapitalFormation"

(';hrili,upher \'Jhilt!Economic Hlstortan end Author. New York"New York

lffURmy, OCIOBEB 13mDBBlfi5

SESSION Hl: "ENERGY, NATURAL RESOURCeSAND INTERNATIONAL

. COOPERATION"9:00a.m. -12:00 Noon - Pittsburgh RoomChairmen: 'John f. Bradlev;C. J. Banon

"Energy and Natural Resources"Dr. Morris levitt, Executive DirectorPusicn Energv Foundation. New York,New York

"National Policy and It. ROI& ill Futur& T&chnol!l9YCreativity"

F.-E. Schuchman. Sr., PresidentInvestors' HJ'J~n.lncorporated.PitUbur9h;:Pennsyl"allla

Vic10r 'A.. Peckham, EsquirePa:t~,a'~tidrnev. Pittsburgh, Penn5ylv!1nia

"Workshop11: The Legal Aspect. of International8usin~s-'Transaetions.licensing, Financingand Patents"

~PaMI of AttomeYIat'llw:. Rav' 9ro,l,vn, EsquiroC. Ro~n;McCall, E,quireMichpelFox, Esquire8. A, Ka~I_~,wjtz, Esquire

j1,J,.'

II Vlf'''!'f;n", ,'.1 Id ..UIl

I

"Ti\c International Boui\dsty ,Spanner';. J.8anon.RegionJ,.1 M;;n'ager - Systems..,l\-'lc.·Sybron Corpor.-.tion, 6eaumont, Texas

(; '·r. David W. E. Cab::ll. Assistant Professor,i!l\Ji tJfoh~rsity, BG'a:Jlncm. Texas .

.! "1nternational Corporation in Fosterin9 SciantifieCollaboration in Development and Transfer ofTechnologieal Knowledga"

.,17ilura,M.'"cHvr,to ni"f i q uin ,-"·:itJs~ur~t:llP~nnsylvania_.

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Position Despriptloll

Cinll1it.IUdipg Technology Agellt

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Ide:ntify technical personnel iil federal laboratories, universities and inclustrywhose technical expertise can be applied Ito local goverment problems in anlIdvisory capacity.

As arranged by local chief executives, appear before city council or otherlocalgoverxnent bodtes to testify on matters of scientific and technologicalinterest to the communities on the circuit.

Qualifications

PrevioUll experience in local goverment is desirable. Prior participationin a tec.hnology transfer network etween federal and local goverment agencieswould be helpful. Working knowle.lge of the types Qf science and technologyavailable for solving local goverxnent problems is required. Must have abilityto elIpresll oneself clearly and concisely i.n speech and writing. Must have theability.to estahltsh and maintain effective working relationships with publicQfficials. Previous experience in the appllcation o:r;transfer of new tech­llOlogies is required, Deg:r;ee in engtneer-tng ill desirable.

Position ·Location

CircUit ricling technology agents will work on the staff of the city manager in thebostj~isdicttonrsdesignated area.

sa:tm

IGPA assignUlent- see "enclosure A"

Term of Emplov;ment

The position is for an.initial two year period with the poastbtltty of a twoYe31'extension.

coataet

JoIr.'Ni<Jk MontanarelliProgram Manager, Federal Labs Intergovermental ProgramsB'aU.onal Science FoundationllOO1B 11011800 GSt. N.W.W_bington, D. C. 20550

:Mr. G.F. LinsteadtCbaU1n!lil, Federal Laboratory ConsorttumDepartment of the NavyNa'l'1I1Weapons centerChi. Lllke,ca. 93555

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.Mr. 'fed MaherCTlli Program DirectorPubUc Technology Inc •.1140 cj:onn. Ave. N.W.Was1¥ngton, D. C. 20036

Yoarjresponse or resume should be forwarded to one of the above by Nov.

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20. 1977.

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C. T.I.P. ',Circuit rider Re!rtoD.<J

'Region I*Brea. Ca.Carson City. Nev.cache County. UtahSanta Fe. N.M.

BegionUCottllge Grove, Ore.

*Vancouver, Wash.Lewiston, Id.Helena, Mont.Casper, Wyoming

',RegionmGrand Island. Neb.Brookings, 8.0.Bemidji. Minn,.Iowa City, jowa

*Galesburg, ill.

:RegionIVBryan, Texas

'I<S.tiIlwater, Okla.\C1ayton, Mo•

.ottawa, Kansas

'Region V,.Natchez, Miss.Prichard. Ala.

'tSpart;lnburg, 8. C.!Hempstead County, Ark.

Region VI'Isabella Co., Mich•.;DUnbar, West Va.

;"'()'Hara Twp., Pa.,Seaford, De•

30l. .

"\ .\1

.Region VII;'Burlington, ve,So. Portland, Maine;Newburyport, Mass.

• E. Providence, a.I.Plainfield, N.J. !

I

'•. ,Regional host sites for technicalag~nts

Ir

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Secretariat, ... .Public Technology, Inc.

Bryan

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Santa Fe

.CTlpiMember Jurlsdlctlons

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CommunityTechnologyInitiativesProgram

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fires.

1. Techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of ru~al

forces in the prevention and suppression of structural and wildlan4

. ~ ,~

~~4" c"'cr~ f',~~cooperative Fire Protection is interested in the following

<t~reas of technology transfer from the Federal LaQoratory Consortium:

.',

,2. Suppression techniques which may be adapted for use in

areas.

3. We would. like to get: a briefing on new equipment

projects in the military which may.have application to fire prev~ntion

. i and suppression (scructuref and wildland).

4. A list of ongoing resellrch projects which the

involved in.

RMBowlllan:cb

32

AO-B020 474L Fld.1!3, 17/9, 17/5,17/8,ARMYELECIRONICS COMMAND FORT MONMOUTH" NJ

REMOTELY CONTROLL£D BALLOONS FOR BORDER SURVEILLANCE - AF£ASIBILITY STUDY (U)Technical Reportby W.J. Mills May 77 153p Rept. no. ECOM-4499Proj. 1H763725DK61

Unclassified report

Distribution limited to U.S. Government agencies ()n1y; Testand Evaulation; May 77. Other requests for this documentmust be referred to Commander, Army Electronics Commandand Fort Monmouth, Attn: DRSEL-CT-A, Fort Monmouth, NJ07703

Descriptors: *Intrusion detectors, *Personne1 detectors,*Ba11oons, *Radar tracking, Remotely piloted vehicles,Boundaries, Crossings, Mexico, Patrolling, Arizona, Calif­ornia, Infiltration. (Personnel) ,Foreign, Forward lookinginfrared systems, Low light levels, Television equipment,Remote detectors, Airborne, Tethering, Free flight, Remotecontrol, Data links, Area coverage, Survival (General),Terrain, Mobility, Weather, Helium, Aviation safety, Costs,Military applications, Feasibility studies~ Aerial reconn­aissance, Deployment, Coastal regions, Deserts

33

Bermuda••Newport

t '~.'.'--.... ..~.r!":m!~.!lii.~•.'"'.4~"".·w..c!lJ,..;""'J?;"'-.;~.i::~£!(.l.ftA\,""",".,.,;-,,llt'l;;~....... 1#;::"'A.'.""'. , "."." "~.. l.·.·.·.'•.•• .-'.0., • I • '. "~I t: y." "\'0, ,... '.

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IIIAVAL UNDERWATER SYSTEMS CENTERNew London • AUTEC - Andros Island. West Palm Beach

Vol. 7 - No. 20 thefdncipal NilVY RDT&E2!!!!_~ ~('-' Submarine WlJrfare and Si,bme"/lieWp.oponSystems Friday,September30. 1977

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Solar Heating Installation - Thames Science CenterNUSC TE!chnoio!JY Transfer personnel wereh,strumental in arranging for the solar waterhe~tii1ginstail3tionshown above at the ThamesScience Center in New London. The device wasused for demonstration purposes at a home­owners seminar on Saturday, Sept. 17. Examin·ing the solar' panel' installation, clockwisef-rombottom. Capt. Frank W. Victor. OIC. New

London: Harrtson Fortier, 316, whacoordin·ated the project; Dr. William Nieringof Con­necticut eon,ege and the Thames Science Center;and Ron Judkoff of Brookhaven National Lab­oratories on Long Island, a solar energyconsultant. The panel support structure will beshingled later to blend better with the roof.

(Story on page 4-$)

35

,I?',""

Newport •NAVAL UNDERWATER SYSTEMS CENTER

New London 0 ALJTEC - Andros Island, West Palm Beach • Bermuda

Vol. 7 - No. 1a The Principal Navy RDT&£ Center For Submarine Warfare end Submarine Weapon Systems

NUSC Staff Members AssistIn Solar Installation

Friday, September 16, 1977

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'" Southeastern Connecticuthomeowners will soon have asmall working solar waterheater installation available forexamination to assist them inunderstanding the princlplesand applications or solar hotwater and space heating fortheir homes.

The Thames Science Centerin New London, assisted byseveral staff members fromNUSC New London is planninga solar heating' installation toprovide hot water for theirneeds. The design and Installa­tionof the system is under thesupervision of Gordon Preiss, asolar heating expert who wasformerly with NUSC and is

- '''~~'-''''-now''--ll'''''consultant''ffif''tlnr-'sol~rr

,ener~t~chnolo'RY' transfer-pro­gram at Brookhaven National

Laboratories on Long Island.Prior to joining Brookhaven,Preiss was on loan from NUSCto the State of Connecticut asan energy consultant,

NUSC involvement is beingcoordinated by HarrisonFortier, Sr., 3163, and Mar..garet Kulos, 0702, through theOffice of Special ProgramDevelopment and its directorGeorge C. Connolly, Jr. OtherNUSC staff members assistingduring the design and installa­tion of the system are Henry .Turko, 411, and AugustusFrausini,5231.

The system at the Thames ,",",~~Science,-,Cent~r,·"wnLconsi.st·",of'""_~+'"0'''

two 3·by.7 foot solar panelsmounted on the roof and eon­nected to an 80-gallon collect­ing tank, Preiss has expressedthe opinion that the arrange­ment could provide much ofthe butlding'a hct water needsdnring the summer months.The system will' be connectedto an electric 'hot water heaterwhich wiil provide back-upcapabilities on demand duringcloudy periods.

The Science Center will con­duct seminars Cor interestedhomeowners and contractorswho will be able to examine aworking system and gain In­sight into the principles andeffecUYc!1cesQfsola~.. ~P~ec~!1\!w~ter"c~ti!1g. . .

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SEPTEMBER. 1977

I!Id'C:HAPE.)STRUT.ria:w H.....;.:tN,

CONr.:ECTlc~tO&'~IO PHQNE'" 01:-21&12.... '* '" . ~']!;,,_............,

CCM's technicalbrief servicein big demand

A total of 772 technical briefs,each reporting on the successful ap­plications of technology across thecountry, have been supplied to citiesarid 'townsby anew.service providedin conjunction withCCM's techno­logy program.

Robert Macfronald, CCM's tech­nology agent, said new requests forinformation are corning in every day,often in the form of requests fromseveral different departments of alocal government.

The technicalbriefscover a widevariety of subjects. including admin­

. Continued on page'2

'Conti hued from fiage 1 .

istration and finance, energy, con­servation, parks, recreation, libraries,planning, public safety, public works,utilities, and roads and traffic.

Each brief is a short synopsis Ofa problem experienced by a particu­lar community and how it was solved.Briefs on 242 subjects are now avail­able. The list will steadily expandas new sources of information arefound and new solutions developed.

Sources of briefs include the Ur­ban Technology System, the Califor­nia Innovation Group, the Oregon

1,,-.q

Technical briefs in great demandState Office of Technology Trans­fer, Oklahoma State University, andCCM's own technology program.

CeM members may obtain orderforms for the briefs byc,)ntactingMacDonald.

37

• •

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.Technology notesProblem: A Connecticut town wants to obtain aerial photos of its

area with contours for engineering evaluation applications, The photomust be true to scale so measurements can be made directly from thephotos, which would be accurate to within the l "=1.00' scaling factot ofthe prints. A private firm will do the aerial survey and contouring for$70,000. Arnunlcipal official asked me to determine if aerial photos al­ready exist which' could be adapted with contours for the purpose.

Solution: High-flying aircraft photos of Connecticut are availablefrom the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and thephoto bank at the University of Wisconsin's Remote Sensing Laboratory,but their quality is questionable for the purpose.

The State Dept. of Environmental Protection contracted for aerialphotos of the entire state, and they are of high quality and available forpurchase. But the photos are unusable fer the purpose because of thenatural distortion which occursfrorn the center to the outer edges ofeach print. The required alterations could be provided by the contractorfortlleflyovers along with contouring, but at greatly increased price.

Conclusion: No pre-existing photos can be used for the intended pur­pose. It might be possible to save on costs by obtaining the correctedphotos and applying the contouring inhouse, since the town requiresminimal contouring. ~ Robert B. MacDonald

Detecting. utility leads quicklyAn easy and quick method of 10- mercially available equipment to de-

eating leaks in buried utility lines teet the presence of SF6 escaping(containing air, natural gas, oxygen, from the leaks,steam.etc.) has been investigated The method requires no shut"by theNaval Civil Engineering Lab- down of the system and is easy tooratory as part of CEL's energy con- implement. The equipment is por-servaticnprogram. tage, and the results are obtained ex-

This leak-detection method rc- pcditiously,quires the injection of a sulfur hexa- Further information may beob-fluoride (SF6) tracer gas into the tained from Robert Maclsonald,utility system and the use of com- CCM's technology agent.

Kit facilitates paint classificationIt is often difficult to classify tiflcation procedure that can be used

paints in the field, particularly when by personnel with no formal train-they are weathered. Obtaining such ing in chemistry.information is necessary to deter- The procedure should not, how-mine topcoat compatibility ofcause ever, be used to gather data for useof premature failure, or to verify in legal proceedings. This requiresthat a specific coat was actually used. more definitive analytical tests in a

To meet these needs, the Naval chemistry laboratory.Civil Engineering Laboratory has de- Further information is availableveloped a portable test kit and iden- from Macfronald.

38

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I '. . . SEPTEMBER 1977

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INAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER, SAN DIEGO, CALIF. 92152

Experimental Navy testing/trainingsystem remedies skill deficiencies

5 months, were qiven the same test againas aposttest.

In all three areas, ,pretesting revealedsubstantial performance deficiencies.Some minimal 'performanca changes wererelated to receiving feedback but evenwhere these were statistically. significant,they were not large enough to be of anypractical significance. Training materialsproduced substantial perforrnancegainsfor the STs, bUI MTsand BTs showedHttleevidence of improved performancedue to training. The ineffectiveness' ofthe training materials for the Mrs andBTs appeared 10 be due to these groups'failureto use the materials assiqnsd.

The PRT studv's findings led to thefollowing conclusion's: that significantperformance deficiencies are present in allthree applications, that performancedeficiencies can be identified throughproperly designed testing procedures andcan be corrected thrcuqh remedial train­ing:if material s ,andpt:ocsdurcs areappropriately used, and that there is aneed to determine specific shipboardtraining needs .and to identifv the skillsthat are best learned aboard ship and inshore instetlations .

Based on these conclusions, threerecommendations we're made:

1. Where personnel perforrnancedefi­clencies exist with-respect 'to importantrequirements, 'the procedures used ·in thePRT investigation 'should be consideredfor use.

2, The Navv should support studies todetermine which skills should be devel­oped aboard ship and Which .can beacquired-more economically ashore.

3. Toisvsternatfcaftv "identifysignifi­cant performance deficiencies, tile Navyshould 'proceed with the development ofavcornprehensive job proflciencv essess­ment system.

generalized to other Navy technicalratings, three areas of application 'wereselected for study: the submarine ' SonarTechnician (ST) operating the ANIBQR·20A frequency analyzer. the sub­marine Missile Technician (MT)·maimain­ing the Missile Test and ReadinessEquipment (MTR E Mk 7 Mod 2). and theBoiler Technician (BT) operating andmaintaining the 1200 psi steam propulsionplant.

The experimental design called forthree groups of subjects for eacharea ofapplication: a control group, a diagnostic.feedback group, and a diagnostic teed­back plus. training group; All th~ee "',/en:=give,h ·a diagnostic pretest and, after about

A. consistent finding in performancetesting of ,Fldet .personnel is thatsignifi·cant number~ are:not adequately profl­cientin key laspects .. of their jobs. Even

]

when ~uper~isor~;:, are aware. of suchdeficiencies (rhiCh .often is not the case),they have nO; readily available means 'of

cCJ.rr~ctiI19Jh~_" T(l;,~,qcJres$,l~iS .prcblem,the Navy Personnel Research and Devel­opment Center initiated the PersonnelReadir.ess .T~ainihfI(PRTl· pr,ogr~m in1973. Tho purpose of this program is toIdentifycriti~alskill deficiencies throughdiagnostic rests and to remedy them byprescribed tra~nirig.

To ,increaJe the likelihood that theresults of··th~· PHT evaluations could be

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NPRDC~sPersQnnelReadiness Training program used diagnostic tests to ldentifv erlticalskill deficiencies and individually prescribed shipboard training packages to correct them.Among the ta$kschosen to assess the feasibility of . the testing/training· system We-reoperator tasks performed .by submarine Sonar Technicians on the AN/BGR-20A passive,real-t imefrC'Clu~ncy.maIY2er_

I39

Cost~~d~~~ti~n~tied to jObP~rf~r~~nceAidJ'. '. ". ,', ~' ., ,',' " ,',",' ".Ii

Job Performance Aids (JPAsl, such as the Engineering Operational Sequencing Systemjob guide used by Boiler Technicians, can be employed ,to enhance the performance oflesser-trained or lesser-skilledpersonnel, to reduce the costs of 'training and maintenance,and to improve ..productivity...NP,RDC,is conducting a .. major effort in the- test andevaluation of JPAs311dtheir integration with current Navy personnel and training systems.

The ,Navy and other services facegrowing personnel costs ,accompanied by

. decreasing . force levels and _ declining

'''''!''~:~~'''''''-

entry-level skills. Maintaining operationalreadiness under the current strict budgetllrnitations is thus increasJngly difficult .

One ~pproach t~J~Heviating theseproblems IS through th~ u,se of Job Perfor­rnancs Aids (JPAsl-~pvices, documents,guides, or tools used p" 'the job to assistperformance and to r~v()id costs where

. I~

actual learning is riot ilth~ primary objec-tive. Examples of JP,l>..s .are pilot checklists, hand-held co,j\pJters, and jobguide 'manuals. whichll s~rve to facilitate- f . . f n dIn ormation trans erk an short-term

Iimemory.!iIi

Data collected over, the past 20 yearsby all of the serviced! Sl,iggest that JPAscan be employed to~ntjance the. perfor­mance of lesser~train~d_:or lesser-skilled

I' ::individuals, to reduce thelcosts.of trainingand malrrtenance, toa~ce'ferate on-the-jobtraining, to improvem~nppwerutilization.

to reduce equipment i!do,wntime,Bnd toIi ,',',; , , "

improve job satisfectloh ehd productivity.For example, a 1975 ilst$dy showed thatthe use of JPAs coul~ yield savings ofalmost $1.7 bllllonjaach year in theArmy's expenditures ~pr,personn~litrain­ing, and maintenance.' -Although suchpayoffs appearreadilV· available, JPAshave been implemented only piecemealby the military.

The Navy Personnel Research and1:: Cont'd on page 4!\

sectional sample of 15ll men and 750women who entered :the Navy in 1975.Respondents will indi¢ate the reasons farwhich they take time ~ff and will answerquestions regarding th~ir attitudes toward

Ii '

pregnant womenin theitwqrk force; towardthe time they take off!~uring the pre-,andpostpartum _periods of;'tfjeir pregnancies, .toward the way such!1 absences are han-

idied, and toward women in nontraditionalroles. ii

BETTER UNOERST4NIJINGIi ~

What should result] fr()m thisstudy isan improved understahd'ing of the timethat is' lost due to ~re'gnancy and forother reasons,and an ide~., of preqnancv's

ii

impact on the work grou~ in traditionallymale occupations. Aft~r the study is corn­pleted in Decernber,itltls ~xpected.to leadto policy statements i~egardjng time offfor pregnancy. transf~r :Jrom strenuousjobs. replacement in t~e' ~ork group, andother guidance for cornmendinq officers.

Structured interviews will gather datafrom about 100-150 men and women(including supervisors) from activities oneach coast. Interviewees will estimatehow'much~nrecorde~ ti~eis lost byboth sexes and.what eHect,it:has on-othersin the work group (includinq wcmen whoare not pregnant).

Questionnaires will be sent toa cross-

EFFECTS ON WORKERS

alternate diny.NPRDC was tasked by the Chief of

Naval' Personnel to examine the effect ofpregnancy on , work group morale amongshore-based personnel. The study willgather factual data from existing recordsand attitudinal information through dir­ect interviews and questionnaires. Thefactual data will be compared with datafor similar age groups in the private sector,and the attitudinal information will beused in analyzing preqnancv's effect onmorale.

lost-time study focuses on pregnancy Ii!i

SPECIAL PROBliEMS

The time that is lost through illness,unauthorized absence, or other causes is aproblem common to all of the services.Recentiy, the Department of Defenseasked for detailed information on howmuch time is lost everv year. Each service

.is to collect; information {separately formen and womenlon time, that is lost dueto alcohol and driJg abuse, unauthorizedabsence, illness and injury, disciplinary ac­tions, ,pregnancy, and family obliqations.

Even before this' request was.made,however, the Navy Personnel Researchand Development Center had begun a-

. study of thetimelostdue to pregnancyand its effect on work group .rnorale,It appears that the time lost due to preg­nancy may present some special problemsthat the Navy has not confronted in thepast. The problems may be particularlyacute where women are working in stren­uous or hazardous jobs and must be given

240

Motivation study surveys seiniskilled workersCHANGES INITIATED

At the survey's conCiusion,a reportwas drafted for the Naval Supply Center'sExecutive Officer, who gave it wide dlstri­bution app, initiated vario.4,s orgcil:lizatioJ:laland procedural changes based on its find·ings.NPRDC investigators are continuingto monitor the impact of tliose changesart productivity . and will do so foranother year.

Although the Changes are net expectedttl necessarily result in lmmedlata frn­provement, they are expected eventuallytoresult in strongerciviHan leadership forthe warehouse and in improved perfor­mance throughout the Naval SupplyCenter.

:';--...0.-'4.;_.,«.

41

CHALLENGE IMPORTANT

The data contained some interestingoutcomes: (11 the pay factor's apparentlack of salience, (2) the diverse nature offactors associated with motivation inajob whose content is. relatively undiffar­entiated, and (3) the importance of factorssuch as job challenge and accomplishment;

The data also suggest that motivationC()~ldbee~han~~d by (1) spe~ifically

ass'igning wa'rehous~men t~"work togetherwho are compatible and who respect oneanother, '(2)' 'ensuring .thar rewards andpunishment are adrninistered eeulteblv,and {SI giving formal and informal recoq­nition for good performance.

A study .being conducted by NPRDC focuses on the job factors that motivate semiskilledblue .collar workers. Warehousemen at the Naval Supply Center, San Diego recently waresurveye~ regardillg these factors. The recommendations that resulted from tile surv{!y areexpectsd to improve performance throuqhout the organization.

3

The negative responses were primarilyassociated with supervision and personneladministration practices; the positive re­sponses, with personal' satisfaction 'in

~etting th~ job donev The onlv factor..ofmotivation that appears salient in both itspositive and negative aspects pertains tocoworker relationships, which can rnoti­vate or demotivate.

Job factorsIthat motivate semiskilledblue collar wd,rkersarethefocU5 of anongoing study ~y the Navy Personnel Re­search and Dev~lopmentCenter.

Last year, ~PRDC research ohvcholo­gists applied ajrelatively new technique,caned ECHO, ;0 soJicitinformationfromwarehousemen~tthe Naval.Supply Center,san. Diego regarding what positive and

flegative:factoriaffect their mctivation,. ECHO is a trChniqUetorfearningsOme­thing about the values, attitudes, andopinions of a population with which theinvestigator .is,j, not,' :particularly familiar.Developed for research on foreign popula­tions, ECHO il designed to minimize the

I, ',"""" " ,,'extent to whie~ 'the investigator's 'assump·tions and sterlbtyp~s can fllter or distortthe informat,on obtained from the

samPle-I..

DEVISE OW~ ANSWERS

ECHO uses bnopen-ended survey tech­niqueinstead! .of the 'mare'e'ommonmultiple-choice m.ethod, thus allowingrespondents, t4 .devtsetheir own answers.For the NSC .lstudY, the questions werephrased both [pcsitivelv and negatively,asking what motivates or dernotivatesworkers.Resp~mdents werealse asked to

Iprovide certain demographic 'information.AHresponses Iwere categorized -by twoteams of wal,ehQusemen, one handlingresponses to lhepositive question and

Ione handling lresponses to, the negativequestion. I

POSITIVE A~D NEGATiVe:

Overall; th~ warehousemen had morenegative than!~!'ostnve .things to say -aboutthe rnotivatlo al aspects of their [obs...Thela~.ge number _ fcategories generated sug~

gests that t ,ewarehousemen perceivetheir world of work to be multifaceted.

Thecatego ies'with the most responsesto the posiriv question were as ~follows

_ (starting with the largest) : nothing/none,takinqpride/s If-satisfaction in work,lik­ing the jOb,1 working with others, thechallenge of getting the work out, pay/fringe benetid, accompl ishing a good day'swork, and recpgnitionlfeedback. the cat­egories-with .tharnost - responses to thenegative moti~ation .question -were as fol­.lows: poor sppervis'ion; coworkers whoare lazy, inefflcient.iqoof-off: safetylworkconditions; 1othing/none; unfair laborpractices; andJtop management.

I

iiif

Cost reductions tied to Job Perform once ifA. idsconr'dfrom page 2Development Center is conducting amajor effort in the test and evaluation ofJPAs and their Jnteqration with currentNavy personnel andtralnlnq systems. Theprogram's objectives are to define thestate-of-the-art in JPA technology, todevelop a conceptual model for an inte­grated JPA·based personnel system, to

test the" ,- integrated personnel" systemconcept, to quantify cost benefits obtain­able for various applications, and, todevelop a user quide.

Based on the findings of NPROC's.studies, existing personnel systems maybe modified to 'upgrade ,system readiness,to reduce maintenance and personnelcosts, anq to improve the use of limited

" ijJ:'personnel and training resources.

Earlier this year, ~PRDC. hosted aconference on the ~tate.Qf-the.art inJPA technology. Thatilt m.~~tin9'sresultsincluded reccmmendatlons fer JPA tech­nology applications, I! ,:~ethodologicalstudies, and future R&D. all directed

'J:: !,:. -'toward integrating JPAt technology withthe Navy personnel system of the 1980s.

ijU

reportstechnical

Invitational Conference on Status of Job Performance Aids Technoioqy, NPRDC TR 77-33, May 1977~ . ,.,

11

'"-,

lUnclossified

it::

G_ J. LABBS, H.HARRIS, E. PICKERING . Ii :li .

A Personnel Readiness Trainine Program: Operetion and Maintenance 01 the 1200 PSISteam Propulsion Plant. NPRPC TR 77-36,June 1977 (AD-042 033) 11

distributedIiI~

J. F. BROCK). ..• . IiInstructional DecIsion Making in the Designof Operator Training: An i:clectic Model, NPRDC TR 77-31, May 1977,:

(AD-A039800)

J. R. CALLAN, L.E. CURRAN, J, L. LANEVisual Search Times for Navy Tactical Information Displays, NPRDC TR 77·32, May 1977 (AD-A040 543)

H. R. BOOHER (Editor)Svmposium Preceedings:

(AD-A040 540)

W,A SANDS·ScreeningMale Applicants for Navy Enlistment, NPRDC TR 77·34, June 1977 (AD.A040 534)

D. W, ROBERTSON, S. W, WARD, M. H. ROYLEEveluetlon and Prediction of Navy CareerCounselor Effectiveness, NPRDC TR 77-15, June 1977 (AD-A042 032)

For iniormetion, contact Director ot Operetions (714) 225-7364165 or AUTOVON 933·7364165 .il

.•DEPARTMENT OF THE; NAVY

NAVY PERSONNELCRESEARCH ANO

OEVELOP",EI'lT CENTER

SAN DIEGO. CALiFORNIA 92.1 S2

ii~POSTAGE AND FEES PAtO 11 ;r"·~ ,~. 'P

OI:PAFrrMENT or: (HE NAV~\ 1: ~f::/;;/-lil~

000.316 '~U.S.MAltIll±

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PENAI..TYFOR PRIVATE USE $300

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December 14-16, 1976

Miami Beach, Florida

Sponsored by;Energy Research and Development Administration

U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNational Science Foundation

Information Transfer Inc,

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A C()mp~l~t&on of Data and .Resufits

Prepared by Sandta .t.eboratcnes. Atbuquerque. Ne-.v Mexico 87115and Livermore. Callfcrma 94550 for the United States Energy Researcheod Development Administration under Contract AT 129·1)·789

Printed August 1977

46

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::2:.ARMY COP.P~OF ENGINEERS INFORMATION EXCHANGE 8ULLETI~

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INERTIAl,. SYSTEM GOES AI'RBORNE.;..... conn-actorper-sonnet installiner'tial survey system components in11c;:­copter for aerial traverse of a rugged stretch of the Coi(,i4'i'bi:>River. Porfland District project Maoi.lger Roger cemeceu.second from Jeft, observes.

--Photos by wavne Buchanan, Portland-District

ln- both surveys the Auto-Surveyor produced real-time co­orcnnate readings with the required decree of crecistcn for bothprojects, (Requirements were 1:40,0(10 ::to.1m to the nearestbaste controt.) The purpose of the Washington County surveywas tc estebtlsh hcrlzontet and vertical control 10 be used for eflood ptetn mapping project wifh rnnpS to be fH.Jbli':iht-ld .. r a scaleof 1;4,800. A van-mounted system W<:I:; useo to survey 55;)selected points. The purpcse ot the Columbia River survey wasto establish state plane coordinates for section corners on bombanks of the John Oev Reservoir. lncccesslble by van, 175points were cbtetncd by helicopter 'Ni~l1 ;;l speed impossible forconventional field survey crews, A total of 725 points weresurveyed over 560 square miles between June fl and July 11

Asked about cost comparison between lner-tlel .survev and':onvenlion~1 methods. Portland District Project Manag:rJ~.9gerCampbell replied, "There is no comparison!" The 'system isverv cosr ettectlve with en ccccstonet bonus payoff, he noted"In the washington Ccunly flood pl<lin "mepptnq project, \";~

would have been satisfied with etevettons only for most of the

Ccntinueo on paqe 3.

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I

Il~t~~~r:~n?:m;h~~~:Fi:c:e~e~~ti:~yl in Tech-r!olagy Transfer, there is an inherent danger that the -phrese orthe'process.will be regarded. as some mystical "black box" thatc~n perform miracles. TECH.,TRAN -la intended to inform you,~t also to illustrate clearly,that technology transfer ls meat0rfen e tcalcet.enc common sense application Ofwhat tcc'motccvh:ss to .offer.

j A common reaction to suecesstul technology transfer is:'1Gee, Why didn't I think of that?", That is,thesolutionoi': eppu.eeucn is so logical end eovlcus thot we Wonder why it wasn't1. .done before, Of course this does not mean that we shouldn'tecttvetv promote the transfer', . If does mean that 'both thepbtenttet user and the Innovator ~hOl)ljl:J2 en the etert for way'Sof applyingaval1ablefechnology to solve everyday prcbtems es\J,ell as the more obvious .ibig" .problems,t

~ORTlAND CIVil WORKS DISTRICTySES ARTILLERY SURVEY SPINOFF

j Our hats-off tofncse In the P:ortland p,istrict Engineer'SofficeresponsiblEHor the plennlnq and execvtten eee flood plaincOntrol survey using automatic rnerttet eorvevtnc equipment!F'l'reliminary results are very encouraging; .ln'fact, it appearst*?1 a real breakthrough has been achieved in survey tech­Dplo9y that will have wide-reachtnq effects for the Corps' CivilWorks program. The heart of the system is an Instrumentcalled the Auto Surveyor, but the key to the success of theptogram was the manner in which urstnct cerconnet preparedfdr thesvrvev.v-The comblnetlon of careful plalloing and pro­f~3!>ionale)(ccutionhasresulted in acquiring mapping control aytar eertter and at one-third the cost. compared to ConventlonalsUrVf~y methods.

:1 The Auto Surveyor is the ccmmercrat version of tner'tlalP9sitioning system's developed .ev ElL for the Army urfutervurits ano tor the Detense Mapping Acencv. 'It is e sett-contelnedu';'itthat can easuv nt into a ieep,a cormnerctal van, or ahelicopter. It can be moved from point to point at any safes~eed, and the horizontal and vertical location of new points canb~ read or recorded on tape Imrnedtatetv, The Portland pro jedt~am found that the inertial equipment did a fast, accurate,lo'w,cost job 011 two very dissimilar protects, one a flood plaindmtrol survey in Washington County, OR, and the other ab6undary control survey along the rugged course of theCflUinbia River.

p~cparCd IAWAR310·2r""tho u.s ',m, Enqineor 'rcpcor-acntc "_.,": For t Belvoir. v»: ,,~

'-"'~" .."--"'--'

CORPS OF ENGINEERSSURVEY SYMPOSIUM. WASHINGTON, D.C.

Organized by ETLSponsored by OCECivii Works

22-24 February 1978

Old Colony Motel, Alexandria, Va.

byYou can requestcontacting:

Commander and DirectorU.S. Army EngineerTopograpnic Laboratories '.ATTN: ETL.RiD, Mr. Ken Rnh':'rt~"nFort Belvoir, VA 22060

v-

• Talks IlY District Surveyors on SUbjectsof Their Choice

-~<'

., Guest Speaker ~ Ramifications of theUse of State Coordinate System

e Talks by Equipment Manufacturers

• Talks by Staff Members of ETL

• Talks by OCE and/or Divisions: WhatWe Need from the Surveyor and Why

., Taiks by the Districts: INhat We Needand. Why

.' TOPICS INCLUDE:

• The Present and Future Role of theCorps Surveyor

CHANGE OF COMMAND AT ETL

~

TECH·TRAr" is published qvertertv under the 1pn)·/ision of'AR 310-2 by the U.S. ;\rmy Engineer Topographic U:ab,t)ratorier.,Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060. Mr. KentYcrjtomct is; n.e ETLpoint of contact for technology transfer ecttvltlea, 664·6376.Suoscrfptlons are' available upon request. I '

Commander' and Director i

COL Philip R. Hoce I

Public Affairs OfficerRobert H. Nichols

EditorMs. Ellen K. Cramer

'-- Illustrator ~> Ms. Barbara Jayne

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COL Philip R. Hogc, rigl)t, accepts the symbolic Commander'sPlaque from COL Milurice K. Kurtz, Jr., in .a brief- change-of.command ccrcmcnv at ETL. 28 July.

2

48

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accuracies better than .5 m (20 in) for horizontal positions and .2m (7 In} for elevations.

Properly used, this system should produce results as ec­curate as it did In Portland, where thorough preparations by thehighly professional District Survey Branch contributed greatlyto·~the successrur -ose of--lheinortial system. The Portlandexperience strongly suggests' that inertial survey can yieldsubstantial savings in time and money for a variety of precisesurvey tasks.

As t'tislseue of TECH·TRAN went to press, the HIJntingtonDistrict Survey Branch, WhiCh pioneered an early eutcrnetedinertial survey demonstration for Ohio River Division andothers <TECH-TRAN, Dec. 76), was completing the evaluationof a recent z.week curvev operation in West Virginia and Ohio.using the same system. Look for details in a tuture lssue.

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jPORTL4.NDCIVILWORKS continued from page 1.

Ipoints, ~utwe got nortzontet posttrcns also at no extra cost. Thiswill eeebte us to have fully controlled stereo models. in mostcases eliminating the need for extensive amounts of analyticaltrlangul~tion:'he said. . !

Onth1escore of accuracy Mr. Campbell dommeJ'ited, ';We'repretty p'leClsed. Th~' most-tmcresstve thing was .ofle~"poSiHoncheck where we traversed about 10 miles i~the middle of thewaShin~ton County project and came out WIthin centimeters ofthe Nafi9nal Geodetic survev's verues for th~ survey monumentat RQve\2 Station:' 'rhe oostnon readout was only 3 em 0.2 in)off the btficial recorded latitude and 17 eim (6.8io) off theofficiall'pngitude. Although trncressive. the: system'S accuracyover th~ entire mission remains to be determined by detailedevaluatibn of the tctat results. One observer, who reviewed oneday'S ou)put, estimated the system achieved roof-mean-square

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I .Lett, operator enters instructions on ccmmeric utsprev unit. centervoper-atcr adjusts inertial measuring unit mounted atop electronicdistancclmeilsufing equipment in rear of van. ~ Right, drtver measures elevation difference between contrct potnt and sighfi"g device onvan. 1 '-Phcto5 by Wayl'le Buchanan. Popldnc! Olstrtct ami Ed «oct, ETL

I 3I 49

I

A NEW TOOL FOR RAPID DETERMINATiON OF GROUND POINTS

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Of interest to mappers and surveyors is the AnalyticalPhotcqtammetr-lc Positioning Systems (APPS) developed byETL for rapi:tHy determining horizontal coordinates and eleva­tion of pctnts.cn the ground trom eer la I photog racns. The APPShas gain~d popularltv among the Armed Services because of itssimplicity 8H,O mobility. Recently, in the civilian area, theDepar1ment,:-·o1 Inferior's U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service hasdiscovered it can use this versatile tool for: certain applicationsessoctated wiJh wetland maoplnc.WHAT lS IT?

The APPS is bastceltv the integration of viewing; measuring,and computing components. (See diagram) It allows anoperator to review, stereoscopically, an overlapping pair ofaerial Photographs, to Place reference marks over a point ofinterest. and to compute the X, Y, and h of that polnt bv merelydepressing the foot switch. In its current configuration theAPPS requires a phctoqrephlc database of the areas ofoperation. The data base is made up of two components: afile of cartographic photographs which have been marked,measured, and triangulated 50 the position and crtentetjon ofeach ster-eopalr are known, and a data tape on :which it isrecorded.suttlctent information for each stereopair 10 permitcomputation of the groundpositicils. MeasUi'ements on the

photographs are made wlth an accuracy of O.Oq,l ifich. Groundposition accuractes are related to the scale Of~,he!'photograPh5

being measured. . i'itA modified version of the APPS (APPS-l) y,as!( used by the­

Fish ilnC'lW!ldlife Service to derncnstrate the ut:ility of this kindof Instrument for its wettencs program. A se;coQd-ge'1erationAPPSof higher eccuracv and-utility is be~flgJ readied fordelivery to the same agency. This in$trurrenJ will allowan operator to compute the position and r)l"icntalion I)i a pairof phctoqrechs -- or a strip of photography - try uSing three ormore idenW:able ground control points. He can then measurethe location and area of a wetland by tra'le1>!ng the. APPS'reference mar-k around the perimeter. The sY$:te\T1 has an editcapability, a polygon closure verification C3PubHitv,~nd a database management capability. It will have :a graphic CRTterminal and a graphTc plotter (for proofing rpurposes). Thedata management capability will permit the op~,rat:Or to interactwith the computer. For example, if he want:~; t~: know whichwetlands in a certain region have one or more ;Sp~Ciflc types ofgrowth, the system will search ouland print Jhe! information.

:ETL will provide upon request further infOrm:ation on thissystem end on a second generation APPS bej~gdevelOpedforthe military. '

4

50

ltoe pattern features in two and ttiree dimensional aspects givesthe clues needed to determine their identity, properties, areale~tent, ,~}stribut.i?n,_and. i~teraCtiqJ'l~-Examjnation9f. the photod.ivera,g,~ln_diff~rerlt fimi;dJeriods "bY.suchan .interdi"sc'iplin~rygroup then provides the basis for deriv'ing information on thedynamics of landscape change or development.

Bill Browne, Chief of ORO's Erosion Study Teams. felt thatthe lnfcrmetlcn derived from the aerial photos was esetcteuvuseful-as an aid in the snaivsts of the erosion problems. Itallowed the members of the teams .'to cet e grasp of featuresthey couldli'tget from the ground such as the landslide areas,and by studying photos from diffenmttime periods the teamswere able to corncere chanqes In slide areas and 'the overalltopograilhy, vegetation coverage, and pertlcutartv the ounkconfiguration.

The ORO utilized the interdisciplinary photo analysisaccroach in 5tudying its erosion problems, but the epproech nasmany applicat ions. In ihe near future the methods will be usedto usstat the facilities engineer in detennining the impact ofmilitary .uencuvnt s cn 1'l1El rrevert landscape at Pert Bliss alII'; IQassist the Albuquerque District in studying a seepage problemat Cochiti bam in New Mexico.

The use or.en inrerdtsctounerv team trained in fhe study ofeertet pnctccreonv to study problems can be cost effective andefflclent. If wecan help you solve any of your problems, contactETL

~---_••_--------,-

IO~D APPLIES INTERDISCIPLINARY PHOTO ANALYSI5 APPROACHT~ EROSION PROBLEMS

~ecentlythe Ohio River Dlvlslon (ORO) requested ETL toass~mb'e a photo analysis study team to join three oth~r groupsfn~'tUdYing, theeros.ion problems along the,:b~nkspfJhe O,hiaRlv~r ,Tfi'eobjecHve of~'H-re eff6rt was...to dct~r-_m)ne whenercston occurred, to trace its rate and extent. and tOPiopOIAt itsIikeJv ca~ses.

I " 'The team comprised an interdisciplinary mix of repre­

sentatives from the Pittsburgh, 'Huntington, and LoulsviHeDistricts:within ORO. personnel from other districts (KansasCif~. Vicksburg, Memphis, Rock Island. and St. t.curet.universities (Purdue and Dartmouth College), andETL

1rFor 1~estudV the team obtained air photos spanning the last

47 ~ears.,At least eight periods of time Wflre studied in whichbanr: Hn~(hangeS were recorded and illustrated on mapoverlays.' The information portrayed on an aerial 'image is apattern of the landscape. The pattern is composed of physicalOarldforms, soils. topography, reeks. hvdoloqlc systems), bto­logi~al (plants and enlmals) , and cultural (Ia!1du~e andtransportation) characteristics. Specialists in each of thoseareas ar~ required to provide a comprehensive and thoroughund~rsta'.'ding of the dynamics of a partlculararea.

,b-this cese.tne t~alrt .b~.9yght -tocether a variety of ,;~i~c:i;plines: civil engineeringibotany,' geology, geography, hy­drology, forestry, archaeology, landscape-architecture, 'Iaw,urban planning, and economics. The design or arrangement of

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i,.Me.hber~ of theinterdisciplinary· tea m"re~areimap o~erlays<for tracing, theero~ion, patterns of. the Ohio Rtver.Leftto ~i9Mi: Dr. P. T,. Yeh, Civil Engineer,Purdue !University, Alfred Whitehouse.Ge~IOgjst:. Pittsburgh utstrtet, RichardLenrin~k Biologist, KansasCityOistricf,ChatleS stevenson, Civil Engineer, Pitts­burp" .. Oistr~ct,_ ~~d . Steven Smith.Attrney. Loutsvttte District.

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Membe-r50f. the 'Interdisciplinary photoanervsts team examine ,arcnaeologicalartifacts washed out of the stream bank aspart of their field check. Left to right,Or. Richtlrd Birnie, Dvrtmouth College,Or; P. To Yeh, Civil engin~er. PurdueUniversity, Wallace Walters, HvdrevttcsEngineer, Vicksburg District, RobertMilSlowski, Archaeologist, Huntilig~lJn

Dist.rict.

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3 7:i,'l19 __Ar'1_fo't fJ"lvoir,

Ell REPORTS

-r!

h !Below rs a list ot technicat reports published by dod forETL durin£, the ,second quarter of 1977. rhese repor-ts maybe obtained

from the National Technical tntorrnetlon Service (NTIShSpringfieJd, Virginia 22161Qr the Defense Documentatfcn Center by citingthe AD number.

AUTOMATED CARTOGRAPHY

Digital Cartographic Study and Benchm'ark. First Interim Technical Report; D.J. Panton and M.E. Murp,hy; ETL-0090, Oct. 75,AD·A035 155.

DigitalCarfographic Study an:d Benchmark, Second Interim Technical Report. D.J. Panton and M. E. Murphy. ETL-0091, Dec 75,AD·AQ35 156. ,"

Digital Cartographic Study and Benchmark. Third Interim Technical Report.D. 'J. Panton and M~ E,' Murphy. ETL·OOn, Sep 76.AD·AQ35 157..

Digital Cartographic Study and Benchmark. Fourth Interim Technic,al Report. D. ,J~ Panton.ETL.OC93.!:,Jul 77.

COMP,UTER PROGRAMMING

Digital Terrain Data cempactton Using ArrlJY Algebra. 'Urho Rsuheta and Stephen Gerig. ETL·Ol08. ~oy. 76, AD·A041 039.The Use of Array Algebra in Terrain MOdp.lingProcedures. CPT R.onald L. Magee. ETL·OO9~, Oct 76,J\P~~040 619.

MAPf'INGAND SURVEYIN(;

oe'~jgnof a Map Update Capability for Engineer Topographic Units. ETL.Ol07, May 77, AD,A041'03S.Platform Ot'ientotionSystem Test Program. Glenn W. Schmeidel.!;TL·OlOO, Nov 76. AD·AO.tO 599.

REMOTE SEN!:'lNG

An'Analysis of LANOSAT Systems for Cartographic i1nt:t, Terrain Information. Theodore C. Vogel, ETL~1()3, June 77•

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TOURS AND INFORMATION :AVAILABLETours of ETLare available upon [i request. Comments

relating, to articles published in TECH'1R~N or requests forfurther information should be forwarded:;\fo:

Commander and. DirectorU.S. Army Engineer

Topographic LeboretcresATTN: PAO, Mr. Rober-t H. Nlcbols

or phone:

Mrs. Darlene Brown ,(703) 664·3624 or AUTOvon 354·3624

••

FOR THE COMMANDER AND DIRECTOR'

0L, /.,'7,/(;;.:;3:) o/{f:!('~y. ". e,~.,#ROBERT H. Nh:HOLS ;Public Affairs Officer

FOSTAGF.; AND F'EES PAI~

CEPARTMENT OF jHE. AR~

DOD 314

DEPARTMENT OF' THE ARMYu.s. ARMY ENGINEER TOPOGRAPHIC LABORATORIES

FORT BELVOIR, VIRGINIA 22060

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

PENAL.TY FOR PRIVATE USE. $300

3d Class Bulk RatePermit No. 04'1110

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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

52

TECHNOLOGY TRN.NSFER

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53

e Exhibits & Meetings

4) New Projects

• Hydrology By Satellite

• Remote SensIngDemonstration Project

e NCIC Photo Service,

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Middle Rio Grande CouncilofGovernmentsTAe has signed a four-month agreement with the Middle Rio GrandeCOG to perform a series of mapping tasks. For Bernalillo, Sandoval,Torrance, and Valencia counties we are preparing a 1:250,000 basemap compiled from Landsat false color composite prints. A series oftransparent overlays. will be made. showing. township and range,. landownership, slope (using the US Army TOPAZ system), precipitationdistribution, vegetation, mineral deposits and leases, land use (sixcategories), transmission lines and pipelines, and water resources(ground water depth, water quality. and well pumping capacity). An­other task will be to compile historic land use overlays for this tour­county area. These·historical maps will be compiled from aerialphptography obtained In the mid-1930's, t~ laSO's, andeurrentLandsat Imagery.

US Bureau ofIVTinesOr. Robert A. Frosch, new administrator of NASA, stated in Goals 101'America that a unique application using satetntee wi!1 be to vmorutorand inventory surface mining by 1981," TACisan, integral part ofthis effort. Through a' ,grant from the US Bureau of Mines we areexploring the implementation and utilization of Landsat data formonitoring coal surface mining in New Mexico. We are utilizing anautomatic classification technique to map several stages of miningactivity at the Navajo-coal mine near Farmington (see photo at bot­tom). The Iand.cover categories under examination ·are: active coalseams, graded and ungraded overburden, revegetated overburden,mine roads, and standing water. The Image processing facilities atthe EROS Data Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and StanfordUniversity, Palo Alto, California are being used for the data analysis.In light of the many man hours _presently required for mlne surveysarid the number of new mines seen to be opened in the area, land­sat. monitoring methods could save considerable labor and expense.We .ar~ working closely with Mr. Herman Shelfer, the US Bureau ofMines,liaison ottlcer.ln Santa Fe.

new.p'W-~ • • •

IIIl

data collected on the ground, will be. made to ~,f!f?rmine pauorns ofheat loss during winter. Schools andlarge,bt;Jildings will also bestudied to detect roof msutatlon damaqed by rJ)oi~ture. Project par­sonnel are now designing a public awarenessqanrpaign and will beexploring alternative approaches to information cHsserninaUon_

I\:t .'NASA Earth Resources Labor~toryIn August of this year the University of Newi:MeOcico. undertook, aproject to assess the desire for training in sat~Uite. image, process­ing. NASA's Office of Applications, through ils: ,fiegional.Applica.tions Program, has asked U~M to evaluate tha I~vel and nature ofInterest in the development of short cqurse,s~mi;nar,anduser ser­vice activities in automatic classification ofi(satellite data. TheGeography Department, working with rAc, has':d~$igned aquestlon­naire as. our initial instrument for this assessment, The three-monthsurvey is being directed to earth resource departments .in univer­sities and colleges throughout New Mexico an:~ .nearby states. Re­sponses to the questionnaire will help us d~te,rmine the courselength, sublect matter, and classroom aids. f)'

I;

Water Resource Researchln~~ftute(WRRt) . iiiThis one-year project has two basic objectives: toinvestigate the ac­curactea of reservoir surface area measurement~ taken from Landsatimagery by various analog, digital, and rnanuali~me:e.suring methods;and to identify the data accuracies for lake;r area and reservoirvcturne presantty required by water resource ag.,en.cies. All: measure.ment data derived from the measuring methods:iwiH be compared toUSGS surface. area field data for acc-uracy. nos :procedure shouldlead to a determination of measurement accur~cy·heretofore miss­ing in the published literature. Equipmentaf1,d"techniques beingused for area measurements are: a fine mesh dqt ,grid (1 dot ;:;: 2500acres); an electronic planimeter; an image density slicer; and land­sal computer tapes, The Landsat tapes will be4nalyzed at the ERQSData Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. we:[ar~ surveying watermanagement agencies In New Mexico to evaluate.the accuracy andutility ot present water inventorying techniques] We hope to answersuch questions as: What area measuring techntques are most accur­ate? What image scales can best be measured?i~Dges reservotr bes!nmorphology affect accuracy? if

Energy Resources Board­UNM Energy InstituteThe New Mexico Energy Resources Board, through the Unfvesatty ofNew Mexico Energy Institute, has awarded our program a one-yea!'contract to conduct an airborne thermal scan of Farmington, NewMexico. The thermal flights· will be conducted In late winter andpossibly early spring. Through close cooperation with the Energy In­stitute, state and local agencies, private firms, 'and hcmeowners; theobjective is to evaluate heat .10,58. or energy conservation eff!ciencyin homes and public bulldlnqa. Selected Farmington neighborhoodsrepresenting a wide range of architectural styles, ages, constructionmaterials, and .heatinqsyatems wUl be analyzed in this study. Exam­ination of the tN~rmal, imagery, together with ,energy use and other

National Park Service­UNM Chaco CenterAs a follow-on to an earlier project, the 'Natioha( Park Service has:contracted with us for an analysis of multispectral data of BandelierNational Monument. The project involves a comparison of scannerdata with soil and vegetation .information. We are .Iooking for indica.·lions of-old aqrlcultural sltes, ancient road netvJ,pr~s, and Anasazi In­dian ruins. The Bandelier study has the same ~asic objectives as aprevious project performed for the Park Serviqeat Chaco Canyon.The airborne scanner data was. flown by Bendix:, Aerospace Corpora­tion of Ann Arbor, Michigan and consists of e!,ev~n channels span­ning the ultraviolet, visible, reflective and thermal infrared regions.The data are scheduled to be analyzed either on:ith~ IDIMS system atthe ~ROS Data Center or on the MD~S system at ~el;irjix .

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TAe Exhibit"t AAG Meeting,

Exhibits &Meetings

TACls New Mexico'sNCIC State Affiliate

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TAC has been officially designated by Governor Jerry Apodaca.as the New Mexico State Affiliate for the NationalCarto­grap~lc l~f9r!TIatio,Il<i,mter(N(;IC).Our responsibilities, aretwo·fold:lO locate privalepllotography and maps and suomitthem for inclusion in the NCIC system; and process user re­quests.In this Second responsibility we provide a completesearch service for locating, ordering, and analyzing photoq­raphy and maps requested by the user,

WealSQ maintain an archive of New Mexlcoblack-and-whlteaerlal photography of varying scales and dates. Thlsunlquecollection has been contributed by USGS, SCS, ASCS,and tileUNM GeOlogy Department.

In November TAC willagain exhibit its verypopular Gemini, Apollo,and Skylab earth-orientedphotography. The displaywill be at the GeologicalSociety o,f America (GSA)meeting inSeattl~, No­vember 7·9, and the Na­tional Council for Geo­graphic Education (NCGE)annual conference in SI.Louis, November 23-25.The exhibit also includesmaps,quarterly publica­tions and brochures on Salt ~ilke City, Utahour other Remote Sensing·Natural Resources products.

Hydrol!ogy By Satellite.Our newest tap~'Slide presentation in the remote sensingseries is R400 Hydrology By Satellite: Managing the WateryPlanet. This presentation shows how the capabilities ofremote sensing ~PpIY and are being applied to water resourcemanagement. It employs images from Landsat and other satel­lites, high· and I?w.altltude aircraft, and ground platforms. In'frared and ccloriphotcgraphy, thermal and reflective ipfrarj)dscanning 'and-'n:tultispectral scanning areiHustrated,alongwith processed images, composites and maps. The packageconsists of 52 :j5mm slides, an audio cassette with protes­slonal narratlon.ia printed script, bibliOgraphy, and a separateoutline and summary for key discussion points.

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Our oiher presehtaiioiiil are . . .' R300'Prospecting By Satel·lite, R200 Food Watch By Satellite, and RIOO Remote Sensing:Tool lor Managi1g Earth Resources. Over 500 coples are in usein. universities, government, and private research facilities inboth the United !>tates and Canada. They havebeen translatedinto French and Spanish and have gone overseas to every con­IInent except An~arctica,

New presentations on remote Sensing in forestry and coloniesin space are beirjg ceveloped,

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Tom Budge from TAC, Bob Bishop of the Natural ResourceConservation Commission, Forrest Barron of the State Engi­neer's Office, and-John Turnbull from the Environmental lrn­provernent Agency. The primary ground data collection trip isplanned for tate September or early October.

If the demonstration proves successful, we hope to see the in­stallment of an image processlnq facility in New Mexico. Anin-state facility wouid greatly aid resource managers in prepar­Ing timely resource inventories and updates.

In our last issue Pf TAe: Naws we announced thelnlttatton of aremote senSing ldemonstration project lnvolvinq Landsat sa­tellite imagery ~'ndnatural resource inventories in New Mex­ico. The prolectjlsa cooperative effort between several stateresource management agencies,NASNs 'Earth· ResourcesLaboratory (ERll) in Slidell. Louisiana, and TAC. Tile stateagencies actively involved in the project at the present timeare Game and Fish, Forestry, State Engineer's Office, NaturalResource conservatton Commission, and tile EnvironmentalImprovement Agency. The project is progressing on scheduleaccording to th~ tasks. outlined during several organizationalmeetings held irj June and July.

The objective ofjthe project is to classttyand mapa number ofvegetation types and soil conditions in central New Mexico us­ing Landsat di$ilal analysis techniques. Extensive groundtruth data wiil be collected for several test sites such as MI.Taylor, the San !Acacia area north of Socorro, and the Albu­querque metro-ate Puerco drainage-way. State agency repre­sentatives will tie traveling to the image processing center atSlidell to make digital resource classifications using Landsattapes and grouncj truth data. If the test categories meet accur­acy requirements, the analysis will be extended to include theentire Landsat image, an area of over 13,000square miles.

During the weel<of July 25a survey team from ERL conducteda preliminary examtnatlon of the three test sites, TheERLteam members Were Roy Estess, Tom Austin, Willis Bounds,and R. H. Griffirj. They were accompanied In the field by GaryBlackwell and J!m Freeman of the State Forestry Department,

NeVI! M~xico Remote Sel1s-ihQ Demonstration Project,;-,~.,~7~""'..: .?L:-.'> .......4

TAe News is de~igned and edited by Amelia Komar./<, Assistanl to 1110 Director, TAC.

55

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PUBLIC AFFAIRS INFORMATION SERVICE (PAIS) ccntalns a selectivesubject list of the latest books, pamphlets, government publications,reports of public and private agencies and periodical articles relating toeconomic and social. condiiions, public .administration and internationalrelations.' .

GEPARCHIVES (1970-present) Includes Geotittes Weekly, GeocomBulletln, Geoscience Documentation, and Bipliography. of VertebratePaleontology. The file contains over 500,000 citations and is updated at therate of 9,000per month.

;",.

For Information on how to access these new data' files, contactMargie Hlava, Manager of Information Services.

TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT CANDIDATE LIST OF CHEMICALSUBSTANCES contains chemical abstracts, index names, CAS registrynumbers, EPA reporting numbers (R series), Molecular Formula, andsynonyms (trade names, author names). Additional information includeselement counts angperiodic index terms from molecular formulas andsegmentation of CAindex names.

TAC has recently added the following files to Its 130files already available.

DEFENSE MARKET MEASURES SYSTEM covers the Department ofDefense contract awards. DMMS is useful for long-range planning, markettrends, share-of-the-market studies, and new product ideas. ReceiVingcon­tractor, awarding agency, and amount of contract. are included in the filerecords.

NATIONAL.INFORMATiON CENTI':R FOR EDUCATIONAL MEDIA (NICEM)covers non-print educational material from pre-school to professlonai andgraduate school levels. All types of educational media are included: 16mmfilms,35mm filmstrips, overhead transparencies, audio tapes, video tapes,phoncgraph records.rnotlon pictures, cartridges, and slides.

6 )iL-

"FEDERAL INDEX WEEKLY contains the latest weeki}' updates for FederalIndex-.Each time there is a monthly update, the contents of the weekly fileare moved to the entire FederalIndex file ..

FEDERAL INDEX contains information on federal government activities,abstracted from Congressional Record, Federal Register, CommerceBusiness Daily, Presidential Documents, and the Washington Post, withcttatlcris to the Code of Federal Regulations; US Code, House and SenateBllisand other. sources. The file corresponds to the hard copy of theFederal/ndex.

9~{9JlJ~i ~Mewo

TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION CENTERUNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO

ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 87131(505) 277-3622 ...,

A Non·Profit NASA·Sponsored Industrial Applications Center ;;:.

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tAU Supplies 'fecfmQlq!Jical Solutions To Area Problems

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For instance, the weatherization program,a federal project that helps low incomepeople conserve precious and expensivefuel, can be enhanced by using more ef­ficient and easily installed insulationmaterials.

Technology can also provide help indata collection and retrieval. To help all

.agencies on the peninsula, a central datilbank could be instituted using existinghardware and estabiishing terminals thatwould allow each agency to have accesstorogional and national information.

This' would increase the area's nbili:y

57

become obsolete in new building design.

Throughout the seminar, a major prin­ciple of energy conservation kept beingrepeated. Every speaker emphasized thatENERGY AUDITS should be conductedon exlstinq buildings and operatingrnachinerv, Cost benefitscorne after theaudit when top management decides tocorrect the errors or losses. Money has tobe spent to save future energy and manydollars. Energy waste exists everywherein lndustrv, Future energy cost will forcemany businesses to close if they do notseek out and correct poor energyconsuming practices.

Don Hilliard, Energy Conservation Co­ordinator of Johns-Manville, described avery elaborate on-going ~nergy survey­summary conducted as a model in con­junction with the Federal Energy Adminis­tration. He suggested that each industrialplant assign a plant manager or engineer

. to maintain energy audits. Many goOdsystems are available (tested and proven)through major industries.

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Building Professionals AffectedBy Energy ManElgemrant

TAU welcomes its new field, that ofHuman Resources, a program of the Del"marva Advisory Council (DAC) which isconcerned with all phases of economicdevelopment. Jon Lantz, newly appoint­ed Regional Human Resources Coordina­tor, will work with Delmarva's Communi­ty Action Agencies to assist them in theirprograms for the low-income population.

TAU can provide a great deal of sup­port to this program by matching appro­priatetechnological solutions to area pro­blems. By iNorking with the Human Re­sources Coordinator. TAU con expandthe number of ind1vidual.swho will bene-

Volume 1 September 1977

An .Energy Management Workshop,conducted in July at VPI, Blacksburg,Va., brought together energy manage.9':t~f)1 > ..pp,n~ul!1!nt~,eflgineer~, bQildingcode analysts, heating, ventilator and airconditioning speciaiists, and U. S. Depart­ment of Commerce personnel from theOffice of lOhergy Programs, co-sponsorsof the workshop with the. Extension Divi­sion of VPI. Tom Rienerth, TAU directorattended and was impressed by theexcellent speakers and content of theirsubject matter.

"There is too rnuchenergv eonverse­tionand not enough energy conserve­tion,"stated one of the speakera- Eachspeaker gave statistics of good and badiighting,heuting, air conditioning, build­ing design (interior and exterior) andrecommended ways in which architectsand engineers can improve upon build­ings in our energy crisis: Building techni­ques, designs and materials will changedramatically in years to come. Suchthings as glass exterior walls, cathedralceilings, and incandescent bulbs may

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Whenever major Jhanges occur in liv­ing patterns,inventqrs go back to theirdrawing boards. lnnovetlon provideswealth to Some andJrustration to others,but persons with tt-!e "knack of invent­ing" .contlnue todiaw, c()l)s!r\lct,a~c!band! together all types of new "moneysaving," .or in new ivernacular, "energysaving" devices. Tot those of you who

.continue to try andItry aqain.. here ate: some suggestions:

An invention must be marketable tosucceed. How can you ger an answer tothis question? Try th~ National Bureau ofStandards (NBS). The Bureau is authoriz­ed to evaluate a Proposal and recom­mend promisinginv~ntions 10 the EnergyResearch and Development Administra­tion (ERDA). NBS personnel evaluate in­vention proposals submitted by individ­uals an? small businesses so that no sig­nificant energy-related idea·is overlook"d.Thousands of inventions are being sentin while only 2 of e~ery 100 are forward-edto€RDA. i

If ERDA accepts the NBS recommend­ation (to date, 80% have been accepted),they will determine the nature and extentof support for the in~ention based on theindividual case. Support could consist offinancial or other rormsot assistance fordeveloping or testingla prototype.

The service from; NBS is free. It isdesigned to save iinventors time andmoney. Secrecy is protected and an un­biased evaluation is provided. Best of all,it is "paper processed,"

Models of inventions need not be sub­mitted - only a iwritten description.Tests are not conducted, Patenting is notnece~sary, but man~:) inventions are whensubmitted. Currently, NBS reports thathalf 6f the proposala received are energyrelated while one irl five. are concernedwith solar energy. :

Major emphasis pl~ced on inventions bytwo assiqned 'erigine~rsor .. scientists .. are:

11) Will the inventi"" operate as the in­ventor claims? :1

(2) What are the chances-that its transferto the marketplace is economicallyfeasible?

How about it inh.·avatars, technology," . \ . : . .enthusiasts, or dreamers? Many "gad-gets" will become tomorrow's householdequipment. If interested, write to the Of­iice of Energy-Related Inventions, Nat­ional .Bureau of Sta,pdards. Washington,D. C. 20234, or call ;il3011 921 "3694. Askfor the evaluation :;request form {NBSFORM 1019i, and call or write TAU to let

page/our

Revival Of The Electric CarResearchers i" the United States and

several other nations are taking a newlook at the e/eetroear. It is felt that cur­rent drawbacks can be remedied and thatan efficient battery-powered auto can beavailable within a decade. Space techno­logy is playing a big part in the electrocarstaging a comeback.

Being clean and quiet and burning nogasoline, it offers a potential environ:mental boon and will,' in the long run,help reduce petroleum imports .of the na­tian.

Invented in 1887, the electrocar wasnoiseless and safer. Its battery neededrecharging every 20 miles, but in thosedays it did not matter as auto travel wasmostly local.

Somehow, a!ter191 0, the "petrocar"(a name given to gasoline driven vehicles)became more popular than theelectrocardue to the lack of range in the latter, andthis led to the downhill trend in electricvehicles till they gradually faded fromview.

Researchers found that the key to theelectrocar's possible' comeback as a pas­senger vehicle is its battery. Field testsshowed that the battery requires changesin design, controls and drive trains.Studies show that a car which averages82 miles a day ona single battery wouldmeet 95 percent of the need for a full­servicevehicle.

At the present time, commercially­available batteries that .have lead elec­trode plates in an acid; solution cannotmeetthe range requirements.

NASA's Lewis Research Center,through the use of space satellite tech­nology. came up with a nlckel-zlnc bat­tery that affords longer life and twice theprevious range. Such a battery was in­stalledin an Otis P-l00 electric utilityvan.

During the initiai testing period it gave190 miles stop-and-qo driving cycles, percharge, compared with 99 for the lead­acid battery. At a constant speed of 20miles per hour, the nickel-zinc batterygave the van 55 miles on a single chargewhile the lead-acid battery yielded lessthan 30 miles.

Research is being continued at theLewis Research Center in improving' thenickel-zinc battery performance, life andcompetitive costs. In a joint NASA·U.S.Postal Service field·testprogram nickel­zinc batteries will be installed in mailpickup and delivery vans.

NASA will continue working On evalu­ating the new battery's potential for ur­ban family use in a test vehicle. Lewisresearchers feel that a nickel-zinc batteryproducible within fille years, could drive acar 120 miles at an average speed of 40miles per hour on a single charge. CANYOU SEE THIS CHANGE COMING?

',J.;NTIS Tech Notes

:\ !

As reported in a ~fe"ious issue, theNational Technical Infor.mation Service(NTIS). publishes tec~ .notes twice amonth. The TAU report "Yill feature someselected notes.each isS:ue, The notes pre­sented each issue are !licked on the basis

! 'of their possible appliqabjlity to the Del-marvaarea;

Air Curtain Provides Du$t p.rotection

The National Bureau q! Mines reportsthat it has developeda device that canbe fitted to a vehicle opeiating in a dustyenvironment that protects the operatorfrom inha!ing dust. NJ protective curtainof filtered air is blown·jdown around thehead of the operator! from a manifoldmounted on the machine: canopy. Air isdrawn into the systen-) through a filter,and is then passed thrQugh a centrifugalblower that pushes it through a flexiblehose to manifold. This! system could beadapted for use on farm, industrial, orconstruction rnachinervi An important ad­vantage of this systen-) is that it is notworn or carried. or in apY1:'N8Y'connectedto the operator. Unlike 'ia' cabin with win­dows, it does not become dusty over aperiod of time. The detic\, is availabie inkit form for about $90Q. A full 106-pagereport is available from IIlTIS for $5.50;ask for PB-246 041/AS'. The address"is:NTIS, U. S. Department of Commerce,Springfield, VA 22161.

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EnergyRecovery .;

from Municipal Solid W~st¢

The Urban Technolo¥v! System IUTSIreports that 'Hampton, Va;, is considerinqthe pyrolyzation of. sQlici waste.• asameans of solving its lan~fiI1 area problem.The new wrinkle in th~ Hampton Studyis that they plan to utili¥~ high tempera­ture incinerator and Qffse.t its costs byproducing and selling! Steam. Severallarge stearn-usinq institutions have beenidentified in the area. ~ preliminary sys­tems analysis indicate '),the approach isfeasible and cost effect(v~. A preliminarycost analysis reveals jthst the regionwould see a net gain of over $1,000,000per year from energy sales. which can bedirectly applied as savinqsfrorn the oper­ation of many. area Jtln~fiIls..·For more in­formation, contactDr. ;~r!eigh H. Mork­horn, Regional Manage~, Urban Technol­ogy System, Public Ie'fhnology,lnG.,1190 Connecticut AvenlJai N. W" Wid,·i"n!,·,n r,('" '.'nn·~r: ('J:'Y):) ,\G')_-/7 ..~·;

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Federau Labt)Jtf1'tol'Y ConsGrtiumHoldsMeetiffDg At UliltfCEIESaf-Jorffl Point, Cambridge

AndreaPurrydiscusu£lS ,FRC funeticJ,ns

Special reference was made to thTechnology Acquisition Unit as an orgOing rural model in Region III of th­Federal Laboratory Consortium..

improved methods to assist state' andlocal govemmElntand industry. in II",delivery ot the b~nefits of"federa;research and development. Staff mem­bers of the Federal Regional Counci:which included-representatlves of EPI'.HEW, HUD,FEA, CSA, Forest Service.etc., and headed by Andrea Perry, StafDirector, FRC, reported on her agency'cactivities and discussed ways in which ;.could tie in with Federal Laboratory Cor,sortiurn activities.

TAU co-hosted a meeting of the Mid­Atlantic Region Federal Laboratory. Con­sortium for Technology Transfer at theUniversity of MarYland Center for En­vironmental •and Estuarine Studies,' HornPoint, Md,

Members included representativesfrom Environmental Protection Agency,Economic Development Administration,Dept-of Health, Education and Welfare,Dept. of Housing and Urban Develop­ment, National Science Foundation,Na­tional Aeronautics and Space Administra­tion, National Bureau of Standards,Federal Energy Administration, DElPt. ofTransportation, etc.

They discussed the development of

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. ",' if ...• .; Ii! ,'o' s... v .,,, ", • " - '.. .' ,, ..,." ~ 1- .' s :~_.....,., ,:'! !.'! J, ',";;l •.,'" ,d·' ,f ,- .,",~ \,'" ., ~ C1 p" ,.j:; I J "'''')~.;::;~~~~2~;:~t["kf~);~ ..;, ',; J

",,,. ". ~. -" ';1._._-wC ''':i:.i:;'\1l;#;" ;;,~

Techllilo~ogical mnno"atlonsOn Rescue fPll'og~'ams

The. Naval Air Development Center, inconjunction with the Horsham AviationUnit in Pennsylvania, has demonstrated ahelicopter rescue net system for local fire,police and rescue squads. Developed ori­ginallyby NADC for rescuing downedNavy aviators, the commercially availablerescue net system consists of a four toten person fire net and a two person win­dow net. Demonstrations were carriedout on the use of the net for rescuesfrom high-rise buildings, tall structuresand water. Following the demonstration,members of various Bucks and Mont­gomery County firelrescue units.: in­eluding the NADC Fire Department, par­ticipated in training sessions involvinqevacuating persons from the roof andside windows of a 66 foot struct~9 attho BucksCounty FireSchool,

R & o Research has also resulted ;:the development and application of filLresistant clothing and the development "methods and test procedures Ieevaluating materials on their capability ,protect human skin from burns.

Examples where this technology co'be applied include firemen's clothing, raeing car driver suits, hospital pajamas anrobes and children's nightwear.

TOM'S TWISTERWhat letter follows 01 TrFSS£?(Answer on page 6\

I' _

The Technology Acquisition Unit is spon­sored jointly by the National Science Founda­tion and the Economic Devek:pment Ad­ministration. TAU Repoit is published monoth:y to inform Delmarva citizens of researchdevelopments that can be applied to regionalproblems.

EditorPublications DirectorEditorial.Assistant

.[

TOM'S Tw;bTERAnswer to this n~ot:th's question.N (Qne, !wo, ~~~ee, !O:jf, etc.j

Readers' QuJstionsAnd AnswerS,

TAu would Itke[to experiment witha column that will open a direct linefor YOU. the read~r.!We would like toreceive letters fr<Jf!1 treaders that ad­dress current issu~siof technology re­lating to Delmarva..The letter. will bequoted suiflciently: to credit thewriter. J

We Invite you tq express you~ opin­ion on current o1'i Iuture technology.As an example, ar l~tter recently re­ceived from Chestertown, Md., askedfor "a cheap w~y of fixing draftyhomes. So much filt,ered through ourwalls. it froze thajhot water pipes in­side the house whjle the heat was On.This draft .problejnhas sent energyconsumption and 4ti1i\y bills soaring."

,The writer went; on to ask. "Doesanyone have an Inexpensive methodof sealing a whole side of a house inorder to prevent InfjltratIoll of thoseicy winds?" I . i •

TAU will. be involved ill all types ofenergy forums, se,mi"-ars. workshops.etc.• in the coming months. The bes 1answer to the abQve problem will b-,found and reported on in a laterissue. 1 ~

Please mail 01'.1 call in your ques-,tIons or ideas. .

[continued from page one )

TAU Supplie~ ~oll.ltiOnsto respond to the problems of the poo

. by being able to quic~ly and easily justif.the need for fedelal'support. NASA i.now packaging "space food" that cao b:mailed to elderly'l individuals who ar'unable to attend J1U~rjtion programs i:their area. This isl an example of hOI,

federal technology k~n be used to sueport human serviceslon Delmarva;

TAU will be avai'F~.ie not only to Lant.and his project but! to all citizens of De'marva as well.

601 1 '. ,_

Public Technology Program (ISPT).These programs are responsible forfacilitatIng the integratIon of scienceand technology Into state and localgovernment policy-making "and pro­gram planning operations on an equalbasis with legal. fiscal and institu­tional considerations. Issues and pro­blems confronting various levels ofgovernment often have a scientific ortechnological content. Intergovern­mentalprograms aid [he government­al bodies in developing mechanisms toassist in assessing the need for ap­plying science and technology.

Delmarva has many slmilar pro­blems that go beyond state boundarylines relevant to changing technolo­gies.tAU·s prime objective is to carryout all of the above principles.

Improved Streetl.ighting Ai va{!.:JDfe

Everyone is being reminded of andmany are taking action on ways to cutelectric coats. TAU' suggests that townmanagers or persons involved in, energyaUditing public lighting systems look intohigh pressure sodium street lighting. Proofof savings can be outlined by manu­facturers. involved in such sales. This wascovered in great langth at an energyseminar held at VPI in July and attendedby TAU's director.

High pressure sodium. lighting pro­duces a peach color versus conventionalmercury blue white type lighting. A cityin California is planning to install highpressure sodium lights in four trial areas. 1---__----;.__-------,The added cost to this project oyer con- .ventlonal . mercury lights would be$6,OOO,The,reSljltingeneigy savings willbe $3,400 'pel'. year. at current ,electriccosts. As costs increase (ali they are ex­pected to do), thasavlncs \l',ill increase,and most importantly, energy conserve­lion will be applied.

Any Delmarva township or city inter­-ested in such an.undertakinq, please con­

tact TAU atl}Pi:F42[,~271.

Torn RienerthDale Holliday

Betty Singh

taureport

r 'n11

page six

r1"~ECHNOLOqy TRANSFER ·SOCfETYi.~ 11720 W. Pico Blvd. Los Angeles, California 90064 (213) 477-5081

Ir'N E WSiL.E.>TTE··ROctober. 1977 Vol. 2. No.4

PRE8IDENT'S ..MESSAGE. j.. .... ..

Our past 9resident, HERB ROSEN, has recom-mended tasks for the Society. They are,essenr ia Illy, tc j ncrease membersh i ps andChapters, ~o expand the Board for betterbalance, tp broaden-our public, to staysolvent an~ .01 ive, to cooperate with othersoc le t les j] and to undertake constructiveprograms, 1>.1Ich as the devel opment of adata base 10 lbrarv}, We wi II gladly under­take these! t asks ,

!However, l~tus reeognize a common phi]­oSOPhy In the activitieS we undertake asa.society.I.' would suggest 3 basic 9Ui. de-II nes., nam~ Iy: .1. As a profess iona I sod ety, we owe an

obi igaFion to the universe in whieh weoperatji .to contribute constructive newknowleage. .

2. The SotietY should render services not,on ly t<!> its membershi p, but thereby tothe wi der COm.1JUl1 i ty of man.

3. The SmtIety shou Id not be expec t ed todo somhhlng for us; it shcu Id enab Ieus to do something for ourselves andotherslthat we cannot do' as individ-•uals.;;

:{

In these cbntexts, then,a membershipdrive beco~esa seeking of I l.ke-rnlnded

t, "personswh<1l. when gathered together, pro-v ide economies. ofvsca lei n thei r act Iv l ~tieS and gteater impact from the resultsof their efforts. Solveney should resultfrom membehhipsupport andactlvlties so I'recogn i zed Ifor thei r val ue that they are . .not only s+lf-supportlng but contribute tothe financial stabi I Ity of the Society.This, rather than looking for unwarranted

I • b •qran t s -or r'" u t i ons ,

Par-en tbe t i ce l lv , , would lI ke to makeknown my belief that a society is much lessdependent on its le<ldershlp than on the

lefforts, gre<lt and sma JI, of the 1argerbody of its individllal members toward aba sic gO<l1.

Thus, by testing our actions against theseguidelines, we can develop a strong found­

,at ion for growth and contributions to ourselves andourcorrnnunities.

Therefore, c.ould. we not statepragmatical­lv , instead of philosophically, that theSociety's bas Ic goal is to improve man­kind's environment and 1ife style throughdevelopment of and wider use of scienceand technology.

These ide<ls and ideals Iwoold ask ourmembers to ponder, modify ,and add to orsubtract from as we evolve Trrto a strongsocietal ent.l tv ,

In future l11essages I woul d hope to add res sconcrete and speclfI c ac tlv l ties for yourcons i derat ion.

CONTENTSPRES IDENT'SHESSAGE • • • • • • • •THE SOCI ETY EXPANDS ITs HOR IZONSTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND UTI LIZATI ONNEW-PRODUCT FI RM EXPANDS OPERATI ONS

I235

1

61

,j!

". THE SOCIETY EXPANDS ITS HORIZONS

iRECOMMENDED READ!NG

. j

DR. NORMA DALKEY recommends for redding arecently released report, NSF-~Ar77036,"Study of Futures, An Agenda f&rcCResearch",Wayne I. Boucher (edi ) 1977, for sa 1e by .the Super intendent of Document~ 'c; U.S. Gov­ernment Printing Office, Washiigton, D.C.20402. '

The report is the output of 2 copferencesheld in January, 1974 -: As theiforewordstates: " ••• the volume is·!sti 11timely, since cumul at i veprog r~s~ in th isfie.ld is unfortunately slow." jLike mostconference reports, the quality .is uneven;bu~ overall it represents a fajrlY com­plete summary of the state-of-fh¢-art inlonqer-r ranqe technological andjs.cc l a lforecasting. I t also includesj!aj heal thydose of caution concerning the!. L.i.cmi tations

j"

of present capabilities. I ••N" ' __ ",.. ••

,Board of Oi rectors, and is a p~sf pres-i dent of the Los Ange Ies Chapt¢,r ~ Ini t i­ating and managing TT programslfor theNava I Weapons Center and the Aiir ,ForceRocket Propulsion Laborat()ry, qic;k has dem­onstrated excellent cost effectiyeness tothe GAO on these programs. Thifs.act i v l tyled him no recommend and establli~h theD.O.D. Laboratories Consortiumlf9r TT,whi ch later became the present-ld~y Fed-eral Laboratory COnsortium. Diick; hasserved on the Nat iona I Academy laf Engi­need ng Commi ttees on Techno Iogiy'Transferand Utilization. In addition tbtheseaccomplishments and many other ]~9ntri-but ions in the fi e ld , Perri n I sic9n~;u1 t ingfirm specializes in consulting ]pervicesto private firms and Federal AQie?cies intechnology innovation evaluatid,n'and trans­fer, including corporate strate,gy planning.

These 3 Vice Presidents are in lc6arge' ofdeveloping programs in the l r dils cipl1nes .for the Society, including butjnot limitedto research projects, journal ~rticles, as­sisting Chapters in obtaining ap~ropriate

speakers, and developing semin~r5.

,.e are certain that the excePtila~aIlY highcal iber of the incumbents appoiinted to imp­lement this organizational up-grading willresult in a major step forwardli rl the prog­ress of our Society.

2

r,·

MR. WALTER A. HAHN becomes the Vice Pres­identof Technology Assessment ..He iscurrently the Deputy Director of the Con­gressional Research Service of the Libraryof Congress. In that capacity he waslargely responsible for drafting the Fed­eral Legislation creating the 'Office ofTechno logy Assessment I. He was a founderand isa past president of the Society forTechnology Assessment.

The Society 'proudly announces the fi rstincumbents in these offices who·are eachoutstanding~uthorities in their fields.

J.R. "DICK" PERRIN, becomes our ancl)orlT)anas Vice President of Technology Trarisferand Use. He is. a found i ng membe r of ourSociety,has served continuously on its

Your Board of Directors recommended andthe June 29th, 1977 Annual meeting appro­ved the cfeatlo~ of 3 vice presidencies.They are, Vice President of TechnologyAssessment, Vice President of TechnologyForecasting,·'imd Vice President of Tech­nology Transfer and Use.

The Technology Transfer Society's Charterrequires that it address itself to tech­nology assessment and. forecasting as wellas transfer and use. A quantum advance of~everal orders of magnitude has beenachieved in that direction,

OR. NORMAN C. DALKEY becomes the Vice Pres­ident of Technology Forecasting. Or. Oal­key is Adjunct Professor, Engineering Sys­tems Dept. and Research Psychologist atUCLA. He has an impressive background,ranging frrnn Senior Mathematician at the·Rand Corporat ion to Physi ci st at the Law­rence Radiation Laboratory,. Berkeley. Heis a consu l terrt to 0.0.0. 'in planning,analysis, and studies. He is on the Edi­torial Board.of "Techno loq lca l Forecastingand Soci eta iChange". He is regarded asone of the fathers of forecasting sc Ience ,having developed the Delphi Techniques forgroup judgement. He has authored many

·.papers and books. His latest written work,just issued and titled, "Group DecisionTheory", may become the classic text inthis field.

An unfortunate event within ERDA occurredth i spas t Year when TTU respons i b il it i eswere t rens fer red to the individual tech­nologyprogram offices, leaving no focalpoint within the agency for a coordinatedprogram. It appeilrs that only the SolarEnergy Program has initiated formal TTUactivities, and a trial 'Extension Ser­vices' effort will be starting with theuniversities in 10 states. Perhaps thiswi 11 change at DOE wi th a centra lized TTUoffice (or, conversely, TT may·be trans­ferred out of the agency). At this time,the spokesman for Tru at DOE has notbeen identified.

Lawrence Livermore Laboratory is a verygood example of a facility that receivessome $upport fOr TTU and is thus able toconduct; act ive programs with t r a i n i ng COUf'­

ses i workshops , and meet ings for prl vateindustty, Federal,stateand local govern~

ments, educational institutions, ttade as~

sociations,etc. Training proqrems forsuch technology areas as joining & fasten-.ing, microprocessors, welding, and bondinghave resul ted in successful app tl cat ionsfor pump rrepai rIma intenance,mi crocomputertraffic controllers, data cc l lecti on svs ­terns for dams, compllterized blood analysisfor hospI tills, pipe lI ne tepa i r , etc. Sem­inars and workshops for industry havetransferred technologies in solid-statelaser components, instrumentation, aitP01­]ut ion mode ling, so larenergy, and advancedtes t fac i l I ties. Addi ti ona 1 inputs can beobtained from R.C. MANINGEl\, LLl, P.O.Box808, Llvermore , CA 94550.

Dud ng th~ pa~t yea r the FLC has had 6meetings wi thand without state and localgovernmen~officials, throughout the 5estab Ii sheJd reg Iona 1 areas. The TT work­shop held (during the Spring gener.al meetingin Portlan}<!, Ore., saw over 400 local gov~

ernment PeoP 1e i nterfaci ng wi th 40 1ab~oratory r~presentatives and other TTresource a~tivities. The FLC has recentlycompl eted an advance copy of a Resource

-TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER &UTILIZATION (TTU)

A Status Brief with HighlightsJ. R Perrin, Vice President

As in the{past,recent changes in Washing- Directory to complement its over 25 lab-ton Adminfstration and Federal Agencies oratories that serveas~entral contacthave had ji'nle benef l-cla l impacton~he points for various a reas .of expertise. Theprogress Mnu relative to policies, major barrier facing the Consortium to be-funding, planning, or resu l ts , There is come a more effective technical resourcesome glimq,er of.. hope in the es.. tablishment for stat"l. and local communities is the

. ".. . I .. .. '. . .. .. . c .... . . . ,. . '. . . . . ..

lof the Intergovernmental Science, Engi- lack of a national pol icy to allow the rnem-neering al)dTechnology Advisory Panel ber f'ac l l ities to develop effective TT pro-(ISETAP) \i;ithin the Executive Office of the grams without fear of parent agency repr.l>Pres l dent j (Office of Science and "technology mands. Futther. information on FlC can bePo1icy) .J Dna. of the pane I' s .bes t forces ob ta ined from GEORGE Ll NSTEADT, Chai rman,is Sc l ence and Technology Transfer, .,hich FLC, Naval Weapons Center, ChinaLake,CAis examining various pr-oj ec t s such as 93555.intergovefnffierrl:al research demonstrationand asses~ment effort, involvement of stateand local!governments in identifying needsand setti9g Federal research agendas,multiagency study of IT networks to localgovernments and use r-or Iented assessmentsof completely federally supported research.TTU is aqri me national need, recogni zed byall' concer-ned ,but hamstrung by continuedabuse of Rederal support necessary to tea 1­ize the PlJbl ic, industry, and local govern­ment eCOncl.mlc benef i ts • Hopeful l y, ISHAPwi 11 be ab le to infl uence. redi rect ion ofthe Fe~erC!l Gov.,~nment poH: ies and pro­grams In mu. T-S rne.nbe rs Interested inthe Panell!s activities should contactLOU I S BlAliR, Execut i ve secretarv , ISETAP,OSTP, Whi lie House.

The conti~ued success of the Fede re I Lab~oratory Cqnsortium fot TechncHogy TranSfer(HC) has lbeen encoutag i ng, consl.derl ngthe lack qf funding and affirmative pol i~

ci es , The, 1atcs t add I tl on of the ForestService La,boratories increases FLC member­ship to 15:0 facilities, and represents themajority oJ Federal laboratory personnel.

!I _'_--:--- _

363

- - -

TTU (Continued)

T2S

wi II be actively participating in 2important meet i ngs - co-sponsor Ing theInternational C9nference .0fEnergy UseManagement andthe.Solar Thermal EnergyWorkshop. The fermer wi II be held Oct­ober 24-28, 1977, In Tuscon, Arizona,with approximately 600 attendees (over1/2 from outside the U.S.). Technicalsessions, industrial exh i b I ts , commun-l tvworkshops , and other TT exchangemechant s lms will be featured. Co­sponsors include Department of Commerce.University of Ar lzona, Pergamon Press,University of Paris,. arid ERDA. For moreInformat lonv rce l l Rocco A. Fazzolare at(602) 884-2551.

In January, 1878, T2S takes a major stepforward in the area of TTUby sponsoringa Los Angeles workshop on Solar ThermalEnergy in conjunction witl) the SBA andDOE. The purpose of this one-day meetingis to provide detailed information onsolarenergy'technologies, markets, andbusiness opportunities for small-sizefirms. Attendees will receive a handbookso they can Initiate fo l Iow-on activities

I in one ormore aspects of so I ar energybusiness potentials. The TechnologyApplications Group atLLL is preparingthe handbook as part of the i r So1arEnergy Program activities.

The January workshop is the first in aT2S sponsored series and. as such, re­presents a Society committment to act­ively enga~e in TT. Members of T2S

wishing to contribute In this effortshould contact J.R. PERRIN at(213) 477-5081, T2S Headquarters.

I

PROPOSED U.S. SE;~ATEBILL ON TT

MEETINGThe national Board of Directors of theTechnology Transfer Society will hold itsfirst full meeting on October 21, 1977 at

. the World Trade Center; International Room,:1 in Los Angeles. The meeting is schedule~to convene at 10:00 a.m, and all Boardmem-]

!bers are urqed to attend.II

t4---- -

,The Senate Commerce Committee staff isworking on a bill to secur'i' inf~rn\ation onthe impact on the U.S. eCOl)omy qfl!U.S.technology transfers to Indus t r Ia ll zed na­tions. Repo r-t ed l y the bill wou l.•..d:.lrequire:

. ... ... .... !. .. •..1. A Commerce Department studYiassesslng

the ability of technologyfiqtensiveU'. S.f I rms to compete wIttl. the i rWest European and Japanes'i' qompetl-tors , and ., "

1,2. .U. S. firms to report annua lliy.to the, Commerce Department 9n met;hqds, con­

tractual terms, and paymen,t :fschedulesof new techno logy t ransf'e.r; a.gree- J'ments.

.Il565

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGYSEMINAR PLANNED

NEW Journal of Technology Transfer nOW inpress. Your copy will be mailed soon (mem­

-bers onl y.)

T2S wi 11 re lease a compIete announcemen tof the seminar, to be held in mid-January1978,in the near future. Inquiries shouldbe phoned in to JACK LANG, (i13) 688-2946.

A handbook is planned to be made availableto attendees. I t will deta i I the neces­sary requ l rements and procedures for par­ticipation in many of the. solar energybus i ness areas.

"The benefi ts to the inventor or owner ofaproduct Selected by CRDG are substantial,"Curtis pointed out. "All expenses , includ­ing any remaining patent and developmentcosts, as well as tooling and test market­ing expenditures,are borne solely by CRDGand the purchas i ng or licens i ng firm. Allrevenues , whether from the prof'! tsof theneW venture cOmpany or from licensing, <IreShared with the inventor."

managed by experienced profess ional s, and,organized specifically to make and ..marketthe new produC:t. During the past 3 years,CRDG has aided in the establishment of 4such new v:entures around 4 of its products.

In f l na l planning st<lges isl'! Solar EnergySeminar to be put on by T2$ with joint c;o~·~ponsorship bySBA and DOE. Thepurposeof the seminar wi 11 be to provide smallbusiness management with solare~ergy tech-

'[no l oqy information and to di scuss the var­ied business opportunities that are asso­ciated with the solar energy fle ld ,

I!NEW PRODUCT FIRM EXPANDS OPERATIONSiiI . .

As partot!a heightened effort to build 011itsre~ent)sLlPcesses in commercial izillg in'"ventions, €ambridge Research & DevelopmentGroup (CRDG), located in Westport, Conn .• ,has created a new Group post entitled,,"Di rector , i New Product & Ve.ntu ...e Develop­ment." CROG I S genera 1 pa.... tners , KEN and

..1.·· . . . ... . . .LAWRENCE Sf;lERMAN, have announced the ap-pointment ~f ROBERT A.CURTIS to fill thisposi t Ion , I'n making the announcement, theSherma'ls elCpressed their great pleasure in'finding a rbanager with 'so much direct andsuccessful Iexp~rience in new-product dev­e Iopmen t , i

The creatiln of this new post and the se­l ect lcn oflCl,!rtis tofil.! it "Ire part ofCRDG's overa l l plan to expand its new'"product actlvt ty. As a fj rst step, Cur ti shas announced an lntens ified search fQrinventions Iand new prOdllctsthat couldqualify asJthe bas is fornew bus iness ven­tures.1 n1descri bi ng t.hcqual i fi ca t l ons ,Curtis stated: "We are highly selective.We cancons t.de only products that fin

i . .. ... _ _ .__ -. __ .-- - .clear needs , have strong patent protection,high profit potential, and are in an ad-

o _j_

vanced devflopmentstageJ'

j - -.- - '

Al thollgh C~DG has licensed p roduc t s toestabl ishe.;tfirms when appropriate, it hasfOllnd thatlmany products have a betterchance of ~uccess if sold to newjndepen­dent compa7iesformed sped fi ca n y to makeand marketjthose products.

•f,# l .,'

Since Janu~ry ,:1975 ,inventors and ownershave recei~ed cash payments and notes to­tal jng $3,+69,000 from CRDG. The Group'stotal sales.·fo.rI976 we.re $.11,232,000. Net

. . .. ;1 -.. - •. _ ._. .' .. : ._. ,_,

profit from sale of patented products,1icensing +g ...eemen ts , and<Qperations was$2,153, DOOrn 1976.

"CRDG receIves hundreds of new product sub­missions p~r year," CI./rtjs noted. "Thesecome from lndependent invento ...s, patentattorneys,ltechnology transfer companies,corporabl 015, un Ive r s i tl es, and others.Products wlHch meet CRDG's criteria areresearched!for market potential and man1./""factur ing~easibili ty , Each new productthen becomes the basis for a new venture,sllpported I?y ample working capital,,

tli':l··

,.:,};:'(";'

The conference is structured t'9~resent aun j que and comprehens i ve exami ~.a~ ion of

l t eclmo loq les , pol lc Ies , ~ocio-7cqnomic re>jquirements, and other elementslthat governenergy use.

ENERGYUSEMANA~~MENT

CONFERENCE:T2S is co-sponsor l ng the I nter~af iona 1 Con­ference on Energy Use Manageme~t1in Tucson,Arizona, October 24-28, 1977. \Registrationfee will be $125.00. Proceed lnqs wi 11 beso Id for $50.00 per copy. c.'

,.

t6 '.;1 .. ',J " - ~ I'lL} il(.".·>i;""3',~ 1~:;; "\a ;~ lr.'·, "j'",,,:r;:,...,,.,.~.. .' '" , .,,', ". "',>:

,,!. "-"".t: ~ - • }~,~.r:, (, .~ ~>~~' ;;'. ". '? ,""i&'".t'· -~~. '\ ·,,,t!£kt:~;,>*~~tr~~~~~~~·is officers.; 1977-78. Clockwise from up­per left: Tulliq Ronzoni, President Elect;Ron Philips~~'Vice President; Herb Rosen,Past President; Bud Goldstone, Treasurer;Susan Undenrood,Vi~ePresident; Jack Lang I

President; Sy Gottli,eb, Secretary. Notshown are Vice Presidents Rick DiCicco,Dick Perrin, nert:« AlbrJ,ght" Norman Dalkeyand iVa.Her Hahn.

INTERNATIONAL TTCONFERENCE,ANNOUNCEDA conference on 'Technology Transfer inIndustrialized Countries," jointly spon­sored by NATO and the U.S. Departments ofthe ArmY,Navy, and Al r. Force, will be heldat the Hote 1 Pa 1ac la, Estor l l, Portuga Iduring 7-11 November ,1977. The conferencewill pr'ov i de.i an opportunity to exchange in­format ion Oil" 'IT mechan isms and processesemployed within NATO countries. The tech­nical program. will include the fo l lowinq"', ,.'.areas:1. Processes s Meehan isms for 'IT2. Barriers.6o Stimulants for TT3. The Role<of Technical Information in TT4. Hi I itarY5tandardization5. Incentives for Innovation in Industry6. Homan Factors/Attitudinal Considera-

tions7. Case Studies & Effectiveness Measures8.' Licensing Policies & PracticesThe conference will be held in English andonly unclassified papers were. requested.Further information is available fromDr. SHERMAN GEE, Code CL, Naval SurfaceIWeapons Cente r , S i Iver Spri ng, MD 20910(202) 394-1547.

Reg1st ra t ion fee: 571). no

Each sess ion, as an lIac t ion-ori~:edtedll meet­Ing, wi 11 assess current and futyre di rec t­ions In thinking and technolog~ fjor Impro­ved energy us e , The programwi,.lli offer abroad spectrum .of topics to be \di,scussedby speakers from a wide d lvers i\tYi of or­ganizations and countries.

,"

Publ ished Conference Proceeding~iwi11 bemade available after the confe~en~e ends·for a price of $50.00 per copy (to) any andall who are interested in enerdy c1Jse mana­gement.

I

!Refer inquiries or requests fori H~serva-t l ons to the conference General: Cha l rman ,DR. CRAIG B. SMITH, P.O. Box 64$69, LosAngeles, Calif. 90064, or. telephone (213)829-2624. .;

r

, .. ~ 1

NEW TT AWARiQESTABLISHED BY THIs: AIAAHERBERT H. ROSEN, Chairrnan-Elecrbf theAmerican Institute of Aeronauti~si& Astro­nautics, announced in a memoranpu~ to allNASA Technology Utilization Offlc¢rs, thatthe AIAA has recently establishe,dia newaward to recognize a person whoi.h~s madea notable contribution to socie~'dthrought rensf'e r of aerospace techno I09';;.::

fi }It ts Intended to make the fi rs t award atthe Feb ruary , 1978 Annua I Meet i ttgiof theAIM, if a suitable slate of quc!lilfledcandi dates can be assemb led and tsC.reened

!;' ':!by that date. .

F:;'"·~·'·~~"·..,,- rx"'".. ""''''1 I'.. '.1,.' "..--"...,...' r' " .. '... ":.>"':';:, 19 ~~'~"-

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OommunltlesPublic Technolog(" Inc and the Nationalleague of Cities have recently received agrant from the Nat.ional Science Foundationto develop a new: intergovernmental effortin cooperative technology transier. TheCO(1lmunity Techryology lnitiatives Program(CTIP), isconipr~eclof 28 cities and 3counties. Each ofthemember jurisdictionswill participate di~ctlyinthjsnew, nationalnetwork c1esigl1e(~ to address the commontechnological rteeds of localities under50,000 in population,

Development df the CTIP 'program hasresulted from IheHact-that small localitiesface common ,technology.related issuessuch ascomputer use, fire protection, erner­gencv medical servlces, water supply,sewage treatment.solid waste management,f:Qad maintenanc~, energy conservation,and others. In mJQY cases, understaffed andunderfinanced lOCi'll governments are poorlyequipped to handle complex issues on theirown. MOH"Uver, a humber of serious barriersstand in .the wa~ of effective technplogyutilization in smaller communities. Amongthem .are illadequ~te technical information;the lack of a svsiem for coordinating theIlC'NJ:.> of smaller ~>Cdlities with rechnologvsponsored hv thl~ipderal government, in­dustrv, and univ~r~ities; and the need forfast responses to crises problems.

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mSIDE:PTI NOW IN PASADENA

HAZARDOUS SPILLS DEFENSESURBAN CONSORTIUM REPORT

FIRST PTI/DHEW TRANSFER

User Surveylndlcates FireStation LocatorHighiy SuccessfulIn October, 1976 all jurisdictions whichhad completed a PTI Fire StationLocationPackage (FSlP) study were surveyed todetermine how effective the HUD-fundedmethodology has been in helping thesejurisdictions mak-e fire service managementdecisions, and to help assess the demandfor similar location methodologies in otherfunctional areas. .

The survey is now complete, and severalimportant conclusions can be drawn, allpointing to the fact that FSLP has benefittedjurisdictions that have used it, and thatthere is wide interest in similar Iocationtools in other functional areas.

The effectiveness of the package wasassessed in four ways: through determiningwhether jurisdictions achieved the obiec­tives they set for their study; through deter­mining whether jurisdictions took measur­able action as a-result of the study; throughcomparing the objectives set for the studywith the results of the study; and throughdetermining whether jurisdictions felt thestudy was successful and worth the effort.Each, of the four survey measures of effec..tlveness shows strong, positive success forthe FSU'.

Two of fhe more important questionsasked of manageruent in the ~urv<-'y It.·gdrcl..ing FSLP were: "What WNE' tile FSlP study

{"nI!II(I,~: ",1/1"J,~' ~

67

NO.3-19n

PUBLICTECHNOLOGY, INC.1140 CONNECTICUT AVENUE. N.W.WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036

West Coast OfficePasadena Center300 E. Green StreetPasadena. CA 91101

Organized byIntern,atiena' CityManagemeritA,ssociatioriNational Association of CountiesNational Governors'ASsociationNalio.naJLeagueof CUi.esU: S';"ConferenceofMayors

Kansas CityUses FireEva!lJlationSystemOn May 1, 1977, Kansas Ci!y,MO imple­mented the first stage of aComprehensiveFire Protection Pion. This plan, developedby local staff inorder to meet the changingneeds of fire protection in the city, is basedon extensive use of new equipment, care­fully chosen locations for new fire stations,and an innovative.40 hour work schedule(the week for fire fighters using a hourshifts).

Recognizing the need for arnethod whichcould monitor the irnplementatlon of theplan and assist fire management personnelin its evaluation, Kansas City City ManagerRobert A. Kipp contacted PTI early this.year with a.request for assistance.Respond..tng to this request,-PTJ President Porter VV.Homer _and Costis Tore-gas, Vice-PresidentforFireServices, agreedto parttcipate in aneffort to _develop an evaluation -program'that would allow a comparison of the pre.vious -Kansas City fire protection systemagainst the new plan.

It was agreed during early meetings withCity Managernent and Fire f'v1anagementstMf that this evaluation system should becentered around a committee of fire man­agement personnel, This Sh'ering EV.1Iu.l·tionCornmittee would defiO(! inforrnouonclementscon... idcrcrl essentidl to rbeevalo.i­tion method. In turn, both computer hd'>f·d

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Some members of the 1977 Urban Consortium Steering Committee attending a rec¢ntmeeting in Detroitare: Seated. left to righr-Johf1 Parker, Vice President, PT/; John Lockwood, Dep~ty ;CiW Manager, S..mDiego, CA; Nansi Rowe, Dept/tv Corporation COU05£;,/, Detroit, M/; Leon fpJan, Cdmrdssioner 0; Budgetand Planning, Atlanta, GA; 1. Robf.>rt l7avlick, Senior Vice President PTf; l'vtichacl E, Langton, Adm;nijlra~riveAide to the tvlilYo/, Jacksollville, FLSr.1nding, left to right-Chris Tomilsides, Urb.:m Consortium Pro­ductivity Coordinator, PTJ; ManelFoushee, PTI; George L.Jenkins, ir.,AssistantDire:ctor, Officeof Budget:Jnd Management Systems, Washington, DC; iugmt' W. Waltz, h·t'fInical Assisranti"lOVw I\fa}'or, Indian­apolis, IN; AI Linhares, Chief, R&D Policy Analysis Division. Qfiice of the SC'CreraryofTransportation;Jeffrey C Stern, Director, R(lgicnal and fnrergov('rnmenlJ{ Programs, New York City,.NY; Willi.:ln1 Stai{ord,Manager,lntergovernmental r~el.lti()m, Seattle, WA; and "Anna Aiello, Program A"dn~get, Intergm'ernmen­tet sctence and Public Technology, Nation,l! Science Foundacion.

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ConsortiumStrengthensFederal SupportThe past few months, top federal officialshave met with representatives of the UrbanConsortiumforTechnologyInitiatives (UQ,to explore methods' by which the federaland local governments Can work ,in concertto further the ways technology can helpimprove the deliver1i~ of public services.During these sessions high priorities of the10 Urban Consortiu-n Task Forces" andoverall 'Consortiurn"spals were discussed.These discussions.arepart of a continuingeffort to assist in focusing federal researchand development resources on solutions topriorityurban needs.

On May 25, Secretary Patricia Harris ofthe U. S. Departmentof Housingand UrbanDevelopment, two of her Assistant Secre­taries and other senior' HUD officials, metwith Mayor Lila Cockrell,San Antonio,TX;Mayor Thomas Moody, Columbus, OH;Mayor WesUhlman, Seattle, WA; andDeputy Mayor Ken Sain, Chicago, IL. Alsoin attendance were.john Gunther, ExecutiveDirectorof the U.S. Conierence of Mayors;'PH President, Porter W. Homer; and sev­eral representatives of the Urban Censor­tium forTechnologyInitiatives. The Mayorsdescribed the Consortium objectives andprocess, the top priorities of the two TaskFprces involved in. programs 'related toHOD's. mission, and the importance ofmakingHUD's R&D'Program more respon­sive to the practical'needs of local govern­ment. The MaYors.4lso emphasized theunique-cooperativenature of the Consor­tium and the .trong;:j:>articipation by top­level. local government staff, HUD officialswere responsive, indi:t:~ating general agree­ment 'with the priority topics and supportfor' the concept ofr¢levartt R&D. Whilenoting expected severe cuts' in the' HUDR&D budget, the A~sistant Secretary iorR&D indicated that three applied R&D pro]­ects of the Consortium arc included in theFY77 financial plan.

Deputy Mayor Sain and the Mayors whoparticipated in the HUD meeting went di­rectly to.rneetwith two of ERDA's AssistantAdministrators, and then to meet with Dr.Schlesinger's staff concerning the EnergyTask ForceandConsortiumroles and priori­tit's in energy conservation. The Federal<lfficials expressed strong interest in work­ing relationships with tl)(' Consortium and agre.ncr role in the N.lticln.ll Energy Pl..in (ormajor urban governnu-nts.

On June 13, 1977 Mayor Janet GrayHayes, San Jose; Mayor Moon Landrieu,

2

New Orleans; Mayor Thomas Moody,Columbus, OH; and Mayor Wes Uhlman,Seattle, WA met with U.S, Department ofCommerce SecretaryJuanita Kreps, and herAssistant, Larry Houstoon, during the U. S.Conference of Mayors annual meeting inTuscon, AZ. The emphasis by the Mayorswas on the strong interestoi the Consortiuminbuilding an effective R&D partnershipwith Commerce in the areas oi Fire Saiety,Public Works and Public Utilities, and Eco­nomic' Development. John Gunther andMike DiNunzio, also of the USCM, werevery he/piul in fitting this meeting into theUSCM meeting schedule.

The recent addition to PTt/UC staff oftwo highly experienced and very capablepeople adds valuable ahililie\to the UrbanConsortiumstaff. '

Chris H. Tonusides, the new Urban Con­sortium Productivity Coordinator,will workcloselywith PTI Vice PresidentJohn Parker,to maximizeand effectuate resultsfrom theten Task Forces. From 1969 10 the present,

68

Mr. Tomasides has help several executivepositions with the City ~nd County of Den­ver, Colorado, each incorporating exten­sive budget and management responsibili­ties. Previous experience includesmanagement and fina~ci<3la(JministraliOi1

for the Martin Marietta Corporation andteaching experience at IheGraduate Schoolof Public Affairs, Uni""rsity of Colorado.Mr. Tomasides, already known to UrbanConsortium participants, served as the pastChairman of the Urban Consortium TaskForce on Managem¢nt, Finance andPersonnel.

Carol Andrea Whitcofult a newcomer toboth Public Technology,Inc. and the UrbanConsortium, is no newcomer to local gov­ernment operations. Ms;: Whitcomb is serv­ing as the new Task Fd,rce Director Of theManagement, finzlncepm:,j f\:rsonnel Ta~kForce. Ms. Whitcomb ~'rvedfor four yearsas Executive AS5isl.mttq the County Execu­tive oi Fairiax County, VA, where 'he

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----- --I

I

In the- last issue-of PTI/News we discussedthe implementation of our new Ambu­lance location Pilck,lgein.HennepinCounty.

We regret forgetting to mention theagency that made possible not only theambulance locator. but all PTI fac:ilitykxaticnvpackages. We would like tothank the U.S. Department of Housingand Urban Development, Division ofCommunity Development- <md ManJge~

mont Research, Office of Pol;,y Devel­{)pnWnll~ .Re-e.mh. ,IncI if<; . Direc f()r,Alan Stegel.Jor continued alld continuingsupport 01 these .lOO other PTlprugram,:>th.n tK:'ID,J! celerare lhc- JVaddhdily ofnew teeflO()rllgy lor !(Kill gnvernmcrus.

PTIHas NewWest Coast Home

Addendum

J

Public Technology, Inc. is pleased to an­nounce the opening of its new West Coastlocation on August IS, 1977. The shift hasbeen made from San Jose, CA, where wehave been located for the post 4 years, toPasedena, CA. PTf wishes 10 express itssincere thanks to the Cityof San joseand toIts CityManager, Ted Tedesco, for SUppOI!receivedthroughout this time period.

PTI/West Coast is now located at thePasadena Center-c a recently renovatedcity-owned building that will house a com­plex of offices relating to public servicesand public resources, plus the local civicauditorium which hopes to host manygovernment-related conferences.

As announced in the last issue of PTIINews; Joseph N.B"ker, City Manager of'Burbank, CAfor the past 10 years,hasjoined PTI as VicePresident for WestCoastand RegionalOperations.Mr. Bakerwill becontacting all present PTI subscribingWestCoast jurisdictions as quicklv as possible.

Accordingto Mr. Baker, "I look forwardto my new job with enthusiasm, I feel thatPTf can make a great impact in theWesternarea with programs such as its EquipmentManagement and new energy-related pro­grams. In addition to various ongoing proj­ects, one of my priorities will be to workwith cities and counties to put togetherenergyco~servatjonplans."

Our new PTI/West Coast address is:PublicTechnology,lnc.PasadenaCenter300 East Green StreetPasadenaXA 91101

the new phone number is213/577-0515.. 0

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the committee evaluated these devicesfor applicability of use by first on sceneemergency.forces.Jurisdictions represented at this initial meet­lng were:Chicago,IL~Chlef FireMorshalJ

Wil.liam FoleyCincinoati, OH ~AsSistant Chief

Edw~rd AveyEdison, NJ - DepartmentChief

Donald pudic'Houston, TX - Fire Chief loseph PerinoKansas City, MO-Assistant Chief

Louis HansenMichigan Department of Natural

Resources-Spill Coordifialot-­James Miller

Monlgornery County, MO~OjrectorWarren -lsman,Fire & Rescue ServiceThe meeting wasa/50 (1tfenclcdJ.lY repre­

sentatives from theNational-Fire Preventionand Control Administration. and privatesector firms who manufactureandtransporthazardous chemicals.

Committee members were -given a -!.ivedemonstration of thedeviros being usedona simulated tank car spill. A field tesl pro­gram is planned for theprolotype units inthe j,,11.

For further inforrn.uionon this progr.uncontact: Tom Smith, Fire Service Progr.lnl,>,Public Tec.hnology, lnc.. 1140 ConnectirutAVf'nuP,NW, \Vac,hingtoll, DC 2003h. [J

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69

Thepwnp and bag systemdi..'signedurprovic/ett'mporal}' storage for h<lzardoll~ materials. beingimpect<.'d by members of the' User RequirementsCO/JJnl;t/t'€' on Control of HJzardous and ToxicCIJemic'l!Sp;//s.

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I. "Hazardeus SpillsTechniques'PreVieVl{ed

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l•ds of hazardous and toxic

substances are manufactured and trans­ported by truckahd rail in the UnitedStates.When spills of these materials occur, thefirsternergencv f&rceto arrive on the sceneis generally the [loca] fire department. Byproperlytraining!and equipping firedepart­ments to deal with these incidents, damageto life, damage Ito the environment, andproperty losses can be minimized.

The first rneetibgofa User RequirementsCommittee un Control of Hazardous andToxicChemicalSpills was heldJune22 and23 atthe Industrial Environmental Research

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Laboratory of the U. S.Environmental Pro-tection Agency i1 Edison, NJ. The commit­tee was shown prototypes of six deviceswhich the EPA b<!s developed for their spillresponseactivities.

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• Foam Dike System- for Impoundingspilled liquids I

• Tank PluggingiSystem~tor stopping theflowfromruptllredtanks

• Multi-Purpose'~elling Agent- forchang­ingspilled liquitfstosemi-solids

• Detector-kit~ fbr tracing the course ofspi115 on water I

• Spill Personnellf'rotectiveEnsemble-c-forentering toxic aunospheres

• Pump-andCollection-Bag.,.,.. for providingtemporarystor~e of liquids

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I'll!' Um/('rgrotmcl Utilitv Lm",ltor, .m imlrufllf'/ltfor !o<".IliHl-lllllc/t·rgmllllcJ utilify litl('~, 60th nll'td/'lie ,1Il(/ !100111t't"lIic.• 10,1 /-;rc>;IIN c/c'm/} .lnd JC­rurac r fh.!tl ('xhtingf'</tJipfllt'nr, h shown !lpn' .It,I n'n.'nl fl'\l ,m£! £!mlOnslr<llIOIJ in MlIlnf;'<1poli.~,

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.....L ,.r.M ~_YIO<C.-,""--"'--FIF1'H'ANNlJAL REPORT

1975-1976

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NewPTI iiii

Pubncatiol!fFifth Annual NASA,Report

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The NASA Technblog~, Utilization Programis continuing its sPO?5(lrship of a .Tech­nology Applications T'¥'mat PTI, to identifyproblems and develop Practical solutionsinvolving the LJse of ae,ro~ace technology.

Each year the program publishes a.reportdescribing new technological. develop"ments and advances. 'j'h" Fifth Annual Re­port presents the bac~g,ound 0; the pro­gram, and discusses ~oIect areas workedon during the last prpgrarn year, whichcovers portions of 19~6-!977. These proj-ects include: .' ..• HighPressure ChargingStations for

Firefighter's Breathing System• Firefighter's integratedResponse

Equipment System• UrbanTechnology System Problems

Building Inspection Technology• Opportunities for Productivity Improve­

mentin Stateand Local'CovernmentsNASA's continued sj,PPort of the Tech­

nology Appl ications Tearl) is a demonstra­tionof their longterm10";Jmitmenuo tech­nology transfer and leadership in the field,The Fifth Annual Report ~as already beenmailed to PTI subscribers. "'ddilionalcopiesare available, free of~ch:arge, to anyoneinterested in this program.For your copy ofthe Fifth Annual Report, or for more infor­malionaboutthe NASATecbnologyUtiliza­tion Program, incluclin'g the NASA report,"Spinoff 1977," pleasewrite to:

NASA Program ..Public Technologyi Inc.1140 Connecticut !\venue, NWWashing~on, DC2Q036 CJ

InJune PTI conducted the first field testsofTerrascan@ a new pipe locator developedby Microwave Associates, Incorporated,that had design inpul from a PTI User Re­quirements Committee and gas utility per­sonnel. Tests were performed in Minneap­olis,MN on June1,2 and 3, and in HenricoCounty, VA on June27, 28 and 29.

Thetests in Minneapolis were conductedwith the cooperation and assistance of theDepartment of Public Works. Principal rep­resentatives for Minneapolis were NormYarosh, Technology Agent; William G.Ridge, Director of Engineering Operations:and Milton R. Christensen, Sewer PlanningEngineer. Two locations, in the city wereused for the tests; one was astreet in a resi­dential apartment area, theotherwas a parkat the government center. Utilities locatedincluded water, sewer, gas, power, andtelephone lines. Sizes of these lines rangedfrom less than one inch to approximatelytwo feet in diameter, while the depths atwhich the lines were buried varied fromtwo feet to more than eight feet. Severaldemonstrations were also conducted: onefor those attending .the annual meeting ofthe Urban Technology System, sponsor ofthis test program; one for local municipalemployees; and one for the local utilitiescoordinating council.

The tests in Henrico County were per­formed with the assistance of the Depart­ment of Public Utilities, which operates thecounty water system. The principal partici- ,pants in that testwereLarryO'Keefe, Tech­nology Agent, Billy P. Brown. Field Opera­tions Supervisor, and H. G. Ragland, UtilityEngineer. It was, particularlv encouragingand noteworthy th411 Terrascan@accuratelylocated a six-inch transit water main and atwo-inch polyethylene service line. Atseveral of the locations, the county hadpreviously excavated test, holes to- measurethe depth of buried water line, and thenrefilled them. Most of, the 'j'erra,can®deptb .readings at these. test holes werewithin ,1 few inches of themeasured depths.

PTI plansto continuetesting this device inotherjwis?jcti,()PS,. A test, wasf~cently coo­durtl'dinN-dshviHe, TN, ·.:meJanoth<.>risscheduled .totake place in San Jose, CAinSeptember.

MinowllVt.' As~odates, Ihe c!pveloperancll11~lllLJf,l('llJrl'r, \vill hf~ exhibiting .mddemonstr,11 inA Terra,,(<lrr@ .11 the f\merir.ll1Puhlic Work~ t\<;,(,citllion:s!low in ChicagoSeptember lO-15. 0

UtilitYLocatorTests Undervvay

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During laboratory qualitycontrol testing ofthe Grumman NPO Automated Flow Con­trol System for pumper apparatus, a prob­lem was found in the circuit chips whichmake up the control boards, The NPOsys­temcontains75 such-chips.

Grumman had devised a method simu­lating several hundred hours of system op­eration that each NPO was subjected toprior to shipment During these testsa sig­nificant rise in the failure rate was noted,Microscopic examination of the failed com­ponents revealed that moisture had pene­tratedthrough the'coatingofthe connectorsand corroded the contactscausinga circuitfailure,

Because failure of the NPO might pos­sibly create a situation that could provedangerous to the firefighter operatingat theface of a fire, Grumman informed the 40jurisdictions using NPO systems to operatetheir pumpers on manualcontrols untiltheproblem had been solved and suitableretrofits made,

A new class of circuit chips not suscep­tible to moisture problems was secured forthe system, extensively tested byGrumman,and retrofitted at Grumman expense intothe NPO systems in the field. This retrofitprogram was completed in April. Sincetheretrofits ofthe newchipswere made,Grum­man has encountered no failure of thesenew chips in the field or in the laboratory.

A limited survey of jurisdictions usingNPOs revealed that no down time on thesystems has ocooredsince retrofitting. 0

GrummanCompletesNPO Retrofit

;71

[{'On Ksrr. )11{JC'fin/t'nclt<ht of (ifl', 10\vor 1'.'f'rlOn rf)\vmhip, I'..i1..; /ini R!JrJn(',/oh SlifIJu/lJ~ fJrrj;.lf.1m Adlllin­i,tr,l/or,Cirv o{ 'Pfliml'ix. A-~; ,md I~(J/)/,rt:lJkm, IjJafJtlill~ Director. W;c!Jit.lIS(·r!gwick COUfl!y, K,lIh,hPf.Jilf}in~ CIJHllllinio(J \i-"~ltch ,I; /,lck B.Jrr('!f .ni /'llh/ic Tt'l JlIl()!rJgV, fne (~('mOmlr,Jtr-'~how If) Oplillli?t, 1/",.hI.'I(J/m'~.~ o{ Ihl.' PnUn' SWifJ{J I ()( ,Ilion ",lek-n.w.

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one soch system on their own, many usingPTI/FSLP data bases. The fact that three­quarters of all FSLP sites felt a strong enoughneed forFSLp.fikesy,tems inotherfunctionalareas to actually spend local resources insystem developmen. speaks highly not onlyof the transfer potential to the FSLP conceptwith respect to other functional areas, butalso ofthe regard and feelingoi success heldfor FSLP iflthose 52 jurisdictions which haveused it. Other than Ambulance Location,and Parks and Recreation Facility Location-two additional PTI packages alreadydeveloped and now being tested in 9 juris­dictions around the country-functionalareas "most" often cited in" the survey werepolice, solid waste disposal, libraries, andpublicworks garages. PTI expects to begindeveloping additional location tools inseveral-ofthese areas; shortly.

A detaired summary and analysis oi theFSLP survey is flow available to all inter­ested PTI subscribers, For iurther informa­tioa,please .contact Bob Havlick or JackBarrett at: Public Technology, Inc., 1140Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC20036.202/452-7700. 0

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lower responsetimes, Similarly, of jurisdic­tions which set the objective "to examineimmediate alternatives to consolidation orreduction of number of stations," implyingthat they intended to use FSLP tu at least ex­plorereductions in cost, almost half (43%)took immediateaction to reduce the numberof operating stations and Costsat the conclu­sion of the study, and 80% changed futureplans to reduce costs.

Finally, perhaps the best summarv meas­ure oi the effectiveness of FSLP can bedetermined from the question, "OVerall, doyou feel your experience with FSLP wassuccessful and worth the effort]" Out of allresponding [urisdictions, 90% said yes, itwas worth theeiion.

Given the overwhelmingly positive re­sults of the survey with regard to effective­ness, it is not 'surprising that respondingjurisdictions strongly indicated" an interestin other location methodologies" similar toFSLP. In fact, 9 out of every 10 respondingjurisdictions stated an interest in at 'leastone additional system in other functionalareas, and indeed, 75% of all sites statedthat they had begun development of at-least

ILocator fmmp",,' !objective5'inypur. .jurisdiction?" and'Which of these objectives have beenrealized in your j&risdictionl" By compar­ing answers to' these questions it was pos­sible to 'determine howwell the study metmanagement's o~jectives-the textbookdefInition of effettiveness, Results areasfollows: out of ~lIobjective, set by alljurisdictions respQhding:.to the survey,91%were achieved, Inlfact,.78% of the jurisdic­tions achieved all objectives set. Finally,the two objectives most frequently set byjurisdictions....."to~xamine Immediate alter­nativesfor new constructionoffire stations"and "to plan-intermediate to long-term fireprotection cover~ge".,-were achieved by93% and i 00% respectively, of all juris­dictions.setting Ih¢seobjectives~

Since the main stated objective of thefSLP is to help ju'risdictions plan theloca­tions for newfird. stations, a second "indi­cator of effective~ess is the proportion ofjurisdictions which actually undertook ac­tion-smade -afinhl location decision, ac­quired land, buil:t a station, or closed astation-as a result of the study. Eighty-sixpercent took one lor more ofthese actions.Further,90% oftheresponding sites changedtheir future plan~ for fire protection as aresult of the FSLPistudy, and 52% changedcurrentoperatioflJ upon completion of thestudy. Twenty-tw6 percent of all respond­ipsjurisdictiops tdokirnmedi,at~'actionthatresulted in 'lowerJtotal annual costs: longBeach, CA saved/$5,l13,235 over severalyears; Gainesville; Fl saved $1,500,000 inoperational COSjSi over, a 3·year period;Phoenix, NZ saved $1,116,000 in capitalcosts;' New Orlea~s, lAsaved$294,216 inone year;River'ipe,Q\ saved $250,000in one year; 51. Peterslxrrg, FL saved $200;·000 in one year; j'Jnd San jose, CA, saved650,000 over afilre ye,ir period. 3391 inl­mediately institut~1 changes that resultedin. lower responsQ,times. And one jurisdic­tion" San Bernardino, CA, WdS able to takeaction that resulted in bothfasterreSfxmsetimes and lower costs,

A thirdway to Ibokat the effecuveness ofthe FSlP is tocornpare obiectives set for thestudy with the end results oi the study. Onceagain, strong results are IndicatedO! juris­dictions that had set- 'the objectives, "toexamine iOlmedihte alternatives for newconstruction of ii~e stdticll1s,"implyinglhatthov intondedto dse FSLP 10 .uleast cxploreways of reducinglrespon~e time, one-thirdtook inul1C'c!iale ~Cli()a to fower re-ponsetimes at the> contlus!nf) of the study, ,lndBOlff. changed""th(fir futuft· 1)I.1n5:0 achieve

I

,::,

EuropeanVVater Plants Studied

Lefe to right: Dr. R.C. Rice, Consultant; Dr. Heinrich Sontheimer. Director, Weller Chemistry Dep~lrrment.

Engler-Bunt InseilUl, U,niversWit of Karl!,ruhe; and Dr. Harold Wolf, TexJs A&'M snd e public health of(i~

ctsi, ttvec Widely renownedexperts;n watersupply ~vho areworking with PTI to assess rhe useof ozoneandchlorihedioxide in waler trC'~llment.

:l: ,1

Subscriber] ~jewsS.l!1tJ A<l~><lra, CA hJ<;ioi&(~d the ~rowingli~t of jurisdiction~ that ~e<1i') the Ill'm'iil~ oi«x.per.uive researrh <1n~1 c1f:'Vt·Ic)!>nl('fll ancltechnologv transfer th,roqgh the PublicT(~:hnol()gy process. A ~-:('(~rly wek orne Ic)S.lnta Barhllra, May()r,{)d\HcJ T._ Shiffman,an(/ CityMi.ln,lger Rkhafd p. Th()m~1S. ~~j

Public Technology, through a grant fromthe U. S. Department o~ H~alth, Educationand Welfare, is,investing .i~ the transfer ofseveral human,service irifotmation systems.The purpose of,this inV¢st$lent is to studyand document the trallsieqprocess. Resultswill be incorporated into 'a set of transferguidelines' for local gpy~rnmentddmin~istrators. ,;1 ,!

The PTJ investment 1ilL[take two forms:funds transfer for technical assistancethrough contracts bet"",e9 local govern­ment jurisdictions and ltTl;: and direct,on~site technical assistance ~y!,T1 staff.

The Department of ~e?tal Health andCorrections, State of M~inf' was-awardedthe first technical assistance contract byPTI on July 22, 1977.psjng monies anrltechnical assistance pro~id~d by PTI, Maillewill transfer a mental ~alfh financial and.reporting information system from theBan"gor region to the area around Bath/Bruns­wick. The recipient siteis presentlyoperat..ing under a manual system. When accom­plished, the transfer Wi~ provide the Stateof Maine with a state-wide informationsystem for mental ~eallh out-patientservices. )1 '\

The trails fer of the njental health infoi·mationsvstern in B<lllgo~ l(![Bath/Brunswickwill involve the, movement of a completesoftware package, rental of a mini com­puter, on-site technical assistance fromBangor Systems staff, Ho~tside tochnicelconsultation to, Bath/Brunswick, and train­ingof present'Bath/Brlln~wi:ck personnel;

Funding provided by:rn to the State ofMaine through this co~tr(1Ft is strictly fortechnical assistance, "¥letl represents anextremely small, {XlrtionijofJthe overall costof the transfer. Balh/Brwns\vick will makeup the difference througJ1 jis local commit­ment to theprogr(lll'; - , [J

CHEW Grant AidsHuman Seriv,ices

,) ,'I

Record Kee~ing" .. ,}

""'"~""

,~~"\

manufacturers in Europe.Ozone and chlorine dioxide are well es­

tablished technologies in Europe. More than1100 water treatment plants use ozooe forsome purpose; while several hundred usechlorine dioxide, primarily as a disinfectant.Although most data on the useof ozone andchlorine dioxide in Europe has not yet beenanalyzed, a number of interesting observa­tions regarding both oxidants can be made.

Ozone is not viewedonly as a disinfect­ant by the Europeans; it is used also for ironand manganese removal, as a flocculatingagent to nullify taste and odor problems, asan oxidizing agent to break down longchain organics prior to treatment by bio­logically activated carbon, and as a virusinactivating agent. All European water offi­cials contacted expressed satisfaction withtheir ozone systems. Cost does not appearto be a concern. Operation and mainte­nance problems appear minimal.

Chlorine dioxide is used as a disinfectingagent inEuropean systems. Although moreexpensive than chlorine, chlorine dioxideoffers several advantages: itdoes not appearto, combine with organic compounds toform trihaJomethanes (these have beenshown by EPA research to have a potentialcarcinog~nic .cffecO and .. .it cloes not leavea chlorinous taste in thefinished water.

This same site survey team visited Cana­dianwater treatment plants that usp ozoneduring the week of August 1~5. vVewill re­port on that trip in our next newsletter,

Further information on this project CJnbe obtained by contactlng Wade Miller, at202/452-7736. 0

72

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v~,~"

-.';;"'i'

<:~~:~~:~~;"

A PTI site visit team headed by G. WadeMiller, PTI Director of Water Programs,visited 23 European water treatment plantsduring the month of May. The site visitsWere conducted as part of a United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA)grant ill which PTI is assessingthe status ofozone, and chlorine dioxide in municipalwater treatment" (see PTI/News, No. 1­1977).

The site visit objectives were numerous.Efforts were made to acquire as much ill­formatlon as possible.Oil the 1) engineeringdesign ofozone systems: 2) designpurposeof ozone alld/o';chlorine dioxide technol­ogy; 3) operating history (system effec­tiveness): 4) public health considerations:and 5) operating-costs-of ozone systems. Asubstantial amount of.Information on thesesubjects was acquired and will be incor­porated into a flnal report that will be sub­mitted to the EPA ill November.

Along with Mr. Miller, the site visit teamincluded C. Michael Robson, a design en­gineer from the City of Indianapolis; Dr.Harold Wolf, a public health expert fromTexas A&M University; and Dr. R. G. Rice,a recognized expert in the useof ozone. Theteam was accompanied throughout thevisit by Dr. Wolfgang Kuhn of the Univer­sity of Karlsruhe. Dr. Kuhn is functioning astheEuropean coordinator forthe project.

The PTI team visited eight plants inFrance, one in Belgium, three in Switzer­land, and eleven in Cenrunv. During thecourse of the trip they .ilso met with orii~cials from all the major ozone systems

b

Kansas City f,,-" P.II:(· I,--

and manually p,1,pared reports would beprovided 10 !liis qommiltl'e peri"dically, 5()

that an objective comparison of the planperformance against the performance recordof the previous sy!;tem could be made.

Acomputerizedsystem was designedandimplemented to lake advantage of a two­yearinfortnation !jbase-that already existedand was continuingto track information ona.call-by-call basis. Using this Uniform FireIncident Reponing System (UFIRS) as abase, PTI and loqal staff developed proce­dures and schedeles that allow data to becollected and extractedweekly, ratherthanmonthly, and th", connects thisdata basewith the generally available standard re­port generating PiJckagec~lIed the Statisti­cal Packagefdr5pcial Science (51'55). Thiscombination giv~ thecommitteethe abilitYto review, on a weekly basis, some 32 dif­ferent indicators 'Iof fire effectiveness andefficiency, includ,ing: responsetimes, timesin service, calls qy alarm level, loss figureestimates, in-depth analysis of incidenttypes, manPOwe~levels by incident type,death and injury~tatistics, water fiow usedby incident type:sl'equipment utilizationtables,and anequlpmentefficiencvanalysis.

Thecomputerlzed system also has theflexibility to produce, on demand, specialreports that may not be covered in theweekly summary;but may be deemed im-.portant for a quick decision on an opera­tionalOrplanning issue.

Another comppnent of this evaluationsystem-is-a-computer based prograrncapa­ble of reporting! resource availability interms of station elluipmentand manpowerfer any given 10Ci~ion in the city.

Thissystem c<ill;also quickly pinpointtheeffect of operational changes on the firesuppression system's ability to respond tocalls forservice, 4nd to provide both com­putertables, as we'll as computergeneratedmaps forquick vi"ual inspection.

In addition, a lnanual system has beenset up that can track.important measures ofeffectiveness and!efficiency using fire de­partment files an1 reports in J graphic dis­play manner. These graphics include ele­ments such as: Fredepartment training;sick .leave and inj~iy time; age ofapparatus,dangerous buildi~g demolition, and newequipmentbeing~sedby fire fighters.

"One of the ,painr advantages of thisevaluation svstemlis that it uses infonnationwhich is comri1ol~ly available in many firedepanrnents.: Hovyever,the comprehensivemanner in which [computerized and manu­ally developed inff)rmationis hoing brough;together and analyzed by the Steering Evai­uation 'Comm'ilt£-0 i~ unique," according to

Costls Toregas of PTI. "The Same systemcan eventually be expanded to includeassistance in the dispatch area. The dis­patchercould tellthe computerthe loca\ionof the fire call and, based on data concern­ingfireequipmentavailability and location,the computer could recommend whichunits to send. The dispatcherwouldstilluse

. his knowledge to make a decision, but theinformation would be available to him in­stantaneously. Right now, that's ail beingdone in the dispatcher's head," Toregassaid.

According to Kansas City Fire ChiefJohnH. Waas, the evaluationsystem is linked, inpart, to the city's new Fire Protection im­provement Plan, and so City Managementpersonnel can gauge how well the fire planis working. "But more importantly, it's atool for the Fire Department to respond tochanges down the road. It's justgood man­agement sense," Waas said.

The system has been in effect for overtwo months now, and has been providingobjective comparison data on the plannedperformance objectives. CityManager KiPI'says,"Weare quite pleasedwith thesystem,which more than meets our ·carlier expec­tations."

This effort represents a good example ofhow Public Technology, Inc./Subscriberinteraction can lead to the developmentofa strong, local sbilitv to monitor and evalu­ate anew ·program-- in this case, KansasCity's innovative Fire Protection Improve­ment Plan. 0

Consortium imm/l,llWl

helped oversee County executive profes­sional staff of twelve ,county departments oroffices, and helped plan .county programs.and policies. She has also served as a TaskForce Member on the Governor's CostControl Council for the State of Wrrnont,and has workedOn a five-year business de­velopment plan fora firm operating5 plantsites in a two state area.

'The ten Urban Consortium Task Forces .are:Communityand Economic DevelopmentTask

ForceCriminal Justice T~15k ForceEnvironmental Services Task ForceEnergy Task Fortefire Safetvand DisasterPreparednessT.1Sk

ForceHe.rlrhTa"k FfIfCP.HumanResources Task ForceM.1I1,1!4nm.>nl, Finance and Personnel T.1Sk ForcePtlhlic:Wmb ,1Od Public Utilities Taskf-orceTransportation Task Force 0

73

CT'P tn;'~~ [~l,ll' 1

CTIP constitutesa necessary first step forsfrengthenlng local government capabilitiesin applying technology to critical issues.CTIP will provide a forum and a meetingground for local officials as they undertakefirst year program objectives. These objec­tives include establishment of a needs as­sessment. process and the related require­ment to develop a priority problem agendafor localities under 50.000 in population.

PTI, as Secretariat of CTIP. will be work­ing closely with the NLC in support ofprogram operations, Overall policy devel­opment of the network is presently guidedby an interim seven member Steering Corn­mittee that includes:Larry Bashe, CiW Administrator, PlainfieJd,NI . ..... ... .•

ai IICarstarphen,CityManager, Spartanburg,SC

Paul Flynn, CityManager,East Providence,RI

AlanHarvey, CityManager,Vancouver, WATom Herring, City Manager, Galesburg, ILEd Stiff, Manager/Secretary, O'Hara Town-

ship,PAWayneWedin,CityManager, Brea, CA

The ComrnunttvJechnology InitiativesProgram is being funded by the NationalScience Foundation's Research Applied toNational Needs, Division of Intergovern­mental Science and Public Technology;William H. Wetmore, Director. CTIP wiII besupervised by NSF/RANN's Bruce Reiss,Program Managerfor Local Government In­tergovemmentaiPrograms- ande. Jameslinenberger, Program Manager for LocalGovernment .tntergovemmental Programs.

Address any inquiries concern'ingthisprogram to TheodoreJ. Maher, CTIP Direc­tor, PublicTechnology, Inc., 1140 Connect­icut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 40036.

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FOR RELEASE: ImmediateMail: September 2. 1977NSF PR77-84

JaCk Reni rie(202) 632-57213Home: (703) 978-9104

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i~~~: :;;1\ I;.!~~: :~lr,~i:J!\~'\~e:-': i~; !::t:~;:~~'!~~ i~;;: !~i\~,~\·:;l-'.l.~ ;~l~:nl,'?hI:: l<'\,~;:,,\;~ "-';:'; i :,',:,i!::\:!} :~ .. ::t ,~,!;;; 1: 1~\" .,;" .;;,:.t1~;., ~~l~:: ;!~.:: :~,/t:~ ~ \(;: ,~-~,~~;;<.'.; '. ;;'~ 't .\~;"'" ',' ;',';!,~1!

'. 1:1 l"':linn~ :)lh·l:tflurJ~.l;!( 111';,' ;::llIVt.·f.\I~Y. III P,,:nn·,yi',,'iil;l. {.,:df)" rli:~"oi_("i-d~\ll;l;l;.lid!l :1\,' !'il'.'fOdl tllnkL:l,lt', ,'O!l'.I.'rll::;: Ii HilI' '1.:, :"" <:t('.. )11-' I···.. · 'If' j;\..nl" In ttbc Nalllln;~1 Sctcucc t'll\H1d:;r"\'1 I!''JMl hc.i s v indu-trv. '.OKI,1t! ao-! Ip.~di'~'r"r1·,hl,~ 1"'''<111'1111''1.,; H,th'\l;l "'~' ,,, ,,,n'p1'

:~:'t'~~:~~~,;.~~;)(~)l~\::t~~~~,;~ ><>/\'.~.l.r: t(\.).:~><.,~·:.;·,,<,j,j:, ,~(~ ..' 1~ ~.~ ·>K :"', i;. j ~'\. '. ) A-· ,.:; ,'~' j", ~ ;{1: ' >.,<.' ; i'~'11;:~, l~;l)~"i: ,:t'rc!lldv knv COP(;~n· tsor orchemical voginecring. and Dr. lconceuttni tons .ut plli.'lh1h (1.3 .uut 1btl' ~ orc:ll'lb·IC. 1"(':11'1 iOIl~ di~tin·I";"\II'-'; i' I'oomi,

, '. ~:allsc disljllc~ ,lI1d: di~· II':. K\1ndal Pyc, :I>:slant pnll".'/\"()f 1.5 :::r:lr;l~ !)('!' I-ter. n",p"~·.i I\'d~:', .r :':CHi\1.1C.~ ,·n/~Tl~T.~ from 111;n." pro- i'.\"il1 '"lll.iy '-.';,1 \'\; ustv and odor [ill water of hivl'!lt'rnhlry, at lhel!iilV,'rql.y !(mp,'~;cd to the J'Ul Tnllll!::- U,l, 1'''.'1 : reins. Ilfl"lliJf l11icr(j"\I~' ,,~,.: h and sh~'Hfi~h r;llr~hl (It 1~...'nn.~YI\·:1I.1b: the l'~',-prilli'~p;ll in-Ilir~.r. lin~.i! ,d t:y, the l.r.". i";.l,:i,~ i. Chemical cuutuccrs a!H1 Hochcru- wi,li ptoduce ill'" 11"ruinated watcLI vcsugators 01 lilt: IHOJCCt. said that {lcalth :)"rVl~() !w dl"lnkw.l· ·v;;;a),I1.';!;; 00 the pr()I~'ll.,~iPP'-'rll'd by a]o! ':lll;. '11<:. \ kcv 1

i rroblcms in \vhkh naru- phenolic potlur.nn s "arc dllllt'ltlt tp It h IiI,.. 1\I;h'. conccntr.rt ji,l 1 r r» ,',! ' 1 j",l,) 'h, N !IIOn-I,II' ' I~ to pWJIl"! lng phenols inldrinking Ikl,'LI, they (,W',L' odor and LIs1\' [uols 111 t:lt"l' dl:p'nl f'!d: Ill: I _', _.\ __ : ... .uun. \111; make a 1111 1'1: ~'11/;'1ll":; bC~1I idct..II.iI'it:)ll;}1i .thc ptohlctns. they pose 'il'r!OIIS.lH.:",n'll>d'iJI)" i PL'tll,,\ [v 1!1\.1 ,!lllllp h'l!>,'S["ltlltl-prungl.'-d .t!'"Lk Ol1 l'f"bklll' ...-;0 l nvc srigur c~.)r .. of ~idney pilmc:nts. prollh:ms. !n s0Il.u' couutnes, and ro dcgr tvc I'H.... \;SS nox'.~)lIS (Q!I •• jrd,ltl'd to nlc· YI,I,,~I~,: usc 0.[ en- recovery and PUllH~"""-'\i".u,,,_--lO·l:ltne!aJ~;."s: '"",""~Io;f:.t"""';,tJ..jt,l't~J~IN1t ~ll1lh thm\1P1"ilt~I-"'''O\;.£.ltlvpr..,::... -lI:....JJl..c...s~.~ts',m"l tQ""Il"lng.~Qn their t~#_"",,",....o_"'I__...'..

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i

ATKINSON APPOINTS SANDERSON

TO HEAD RESEARCH APPlICATIONS

Dr. Richard C. Atkinson. Director of the National Science Foundation,

today announced the appointment of Or. Jack T. Sanderson as Assistant

.j',Ie~l

),II

I

Director for Research Applications.

Dr. Sanderson is currently Director of NSF's Office of Planning

and Resources Marlagement(OPRM) • The Assistant Directorship has been

filled On an acting basis by Or. Larry 1'ombaugh since the resign.ation

of Dr. Alfred J. Eggers from the post as of June 30. 1977.

Or. Atkinson also announced the appointment Of Or. M. Kent Wilson

as Acting Director of OPRt4. Dr. Wilson will also continue in his

current post as Senior Science Associate in the Office of the Director.

The Research Applications Directorate supports scientific and

technical research aimed at contributing to solution of selected

problems of national importance.

"The appointment of Dr. Sanderson comes at a time when significant

changes in the Direetorate for Research Applications are contemplated,"

Or. Atkinson said.

-more-

4]1\.,;\1(,:)1 1800 G STREET .. 'Ii A S HI N G TON, O. C, 2055 a

75

-END-

-2-

"A special Science Applications Task Force headed by Dr. JohnWhinnery, of the School of Engineering of the University of CaliBerkeley, in its draft report has reviewed the place of scienceapplications research within NSF, charted the philosophical basisNSF activity in this area, and made organizational reCommendationsThe National Science Board and the Office of the Director intendahead on some of those recommendations," said Dr. Atkinson.

\ Dr. Sanderson has been asked to prepare a detailed reorganiplan for the directorate by October 1 to become effective November

Prior to joining the Foundation in February, 1971 asAssociate in the Planning and policy AnalYsis Office, Dr.served as Assistant Director of the Physics laboatory at HarvardUniversity. He has also served as a consultant in the Physics Depa~tmentqf Oak Ridge National laboratory. His experience includes servinga physicist, mathematician, and as an electronic technician forscientific and research 1aboratori es. Hi s educati ona1 backgroundincludes B.A., M.A., AND Ph.D. degrees in physics from Harvard Unias well as attendance at the Harvard Business School.

Since coming to NSF in 1966, Dr. Wilson has served as Head ofChemistry Section in the Research Di rectorate, Deputy Head andHead of the Office of Energy-Related .General Research, and DeputyAssistant Director for Planning and Evaluation in the DirectorateMathematical and Physical Sciences, and Engineering. He was appoias Senior Science Associate in March, 1977.

Dr. Wilson holds a B.S. degree from the University of Utah andPh. D. from the California Institute of Technology. He has taughtHarvard University and was Chairman of the Chemistry Department atUniversity. During 1954-55, he was a Guggenheim Fellow and Fulbri

at King's College,london.

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• p. ·'~ce 00""" 197"","H, .' ''-'.L' ,~ No, 8 •••••~ •••*.*.;. "au" I L OF TIlE ST D,C. 20001 Vol•..1,.. . ...."." .,"",'~• .• '". 'M,."" . .. ....."~~~. . l Street e v .,-*~ "' North Capito >.. _.~ •.•.•-Ie-'\' -/c)f-! (202)624-5300 . '.. ,.... ' ...••.<ie .. .' ;.;;_c,=~..L"';..;.......,..::~!" ..,£2?'"'iq";i."'L;.~.,;)q .....~,.

senatcrb L~aning Toward RejectionOf Maj~rElements in President'S Energy Plan

Pre~ident Carter's energy plan has rUll into serious trouble in the Senate, wherenumerous! key provisions which passed through the House virtually intact have been orare about to be either rejected flatly or altered substantially. The major House­Senate differences promise long and difficult conference committee battles before acompronu.s e energy package emerges from Congress. (See tabl-e on page 3.)

In ~he latest defeat for the President, the Senate on October 4 voted SO to 46to lift rederal price controls from new onshore gas in two years and from offshoregas in five years. Controls woUld remain on old gas now being produced under con­tract. ?he action climaxed 14 days of Senate debate and filibuster on the issue.Mr. Cart~r wanted, and the House agreed, to continue regulation at a higher ceilingand to extend price controls to gas consumed in the State where it is produced.

EnebyTaxProvisions. In addition, the Senate finance Committee is in theprocess of dismaJ'ltling the Carter energy tax proposals. The crude oil equalizationtax willi be approved only if the revenues are plowed back in some form for energydevelopm~nt. Although the vote was not final, the equalization tax waS stricken ina committee Vote on September 26. The committee has already rejected the gas.guzzlertax, and) indications are that the oil and gas users tax,which is central to thesuccess of the Carter coal conversion proposals, will also be rejected.

In$i~e Thisissull

N9\V NGA energyand environmentalpolides(pp. 4-5)

;.

New programto aid statepurchas i ng (p , 6)

Organizationchart:1 for E:nergyDepar~ment (p. 7)

Key appoi nteesat DO~ (pp. 7-13)

In mark-up sessions that began on September 19, theFinance Committee has aPproved a tax credit of up to $400for home insulation and up to $2,200 for installing solar,wind or geothermal devices. Unlike the House-passed ver­sion of thesecredits , the Finance Committee's 'creddtwould be "refundable," meaning that the excess would bereturned to anyone whose credit entitlement was largerthan his tax bill. Other Finance Committee actions would(1) continue the income tax deduction for state gasolinetaxes and (2) extend to 1985 the 4-cents-per_gallon fed­eral tax pn gasoline, which otherwise would drop to.l 1/2cents in 1979.

Uti lity Ra,te Reform. '!'he Senate was expected totake up the utility rate reform portion of the Carterenergy package soon after disposing of the natural gasquestion.

NGI,\ 'energycalendar (p. a)

Having already rejected the Administration's proposedmandatory reforms, the Senate Energy Committee has ap­proved a substitute bill which would (continued on p. 2)

77

:1

Senators Leaning Toward Rejection Cont'd I ;1i1 ::

require state regulatory authorities and utili.ties to report on costs of serV;i¢e,The committee bill.also authord zes the Secretary of Energy to intervene in a~l'!state

rate-ma~ing proceedings. ,Under the, original Administration proposal, which ~a~passed by the House, state authority in rate making would be preempted by req~~ringthe eIdmdnatdon of declining block rates and the implementation of time,of-daYilandseasonal pricing. , • i'. ii-

Coal Conversion. After rejecting an amendment to' block major oil and gas ilcom­panies from acquiring additional coal and uranium resources, the Senate has ija~sed

the coal conversion bill, a considerably less~stringent measure than desired~y, theAdministration and passed by the Bouse. The Senate version prohibits cons trucnronof new pow#, plants and major fuel-burning installations using oil or natura~~asbut permits~numerous exemptions. It also requires the phasing out of natura~ gasat existin£power plants by January 1, 1990, and permits the Department of Enengyto order cqrversion to coal at existing plants which have the capability to b~;ncoal. It ~?uld leave existing plants which cannot burn coal largely unaffecte4;.New and ei~sting peaking power and intermediate-load power plants could win ~e~ma­nent exemptions from any prohibitions on natural gas or oil use. During floqr;de­bate the Senate took the following actions:

• Adopted an amendment by Senator J. Bennett Johnston, Jr. (La.)!imiti:ngapplicability of the Act to oil-fired plants 30 megawatts or greater ,iIllsd ze , (The bill originallY,applilOd to all oil and natural gas plants; o~erten megawatts in sLze) , •

• Adopted amendments by Senator Jacob K. Javits (N.Y.) extending loan a:ndlloan guarantee programs, to cover all costs of conversion to coal (the: l:!~llhad been limited to costs of pollution control equipment), and increas~rgloan authori~ationfrom $1 billion to $2 billion and loan guarantees from$5 billion to $10 billion. ii

• Adopted an amendment by Senator John A. Durkin (N.H.) to authorize any, aUdi­tional $100 million for railroad rehabilitation for branch and spur lp.n~s,(to be added to the existing program under the 1976 Railroad Revitali,~a~ionand Regulatory Reform Act). ' ;,;1

• Adopted an amendment by Senator Jennings Randolph (W.Va.) changing thr ,trig­ger mechanism for impact aid to boom towns to an increase of eight percentin the coal or coal-related labor force and adopted an amendment by S~n~torPete V. Domenici (N.Mex.) making uranium impacts eligible for the imp?c~

aid. program contained in .th e bill. - '• ~Rej,ected amendments by Senator H. John Heinz III (Pa.) to move up the "

natural gas phase-out at existing plants, to 1985 and the phase-out for 'I. coa,i~capable plants to 1982. ' t, "

The c~hference on the bill is expected to begin in mid-October, althoughi i~remainsto;be decided whether coal conversion will be considered separately of ,~spart of antRverall energy package, The House bill permits fewer exemptions tp ,~he

prohibitions on oil and natural gas use, allows some case-by-case prohibition? pnexisting plants that are not capable of burning coal, and does not contain prqg~amsfor loans, loan guarantees, railroad rehabilitation or impact assistance. '

In another coal-related move, the Senate added an amendment by Senator diffordP. Hansen (Wyo.J, repealing the "local coal op~ion" included in the recently ~n",cted

Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, to,its version of the energy conservation proyi­sions of the National Energy Plan. The amendment would eliminate the Governop,1 op­tion to prohibit the burning of other than locally or regionally available emil,! atnoncomplying power plants or at new plants, provided that the plants sign 10-re~r

contracts for the local coal and install scrubbers or utilize coal pr-eparat i.om]

2

I-1AJO~ CARTER ENERGY PROPOSALS

Increasb in gasoline. taxTax onp ow-mil eage "gas gu~zl ers"

Tax reJ,ates on gas-efficient carsNew crij,de oil tax

Rebate pnoil tax proceeds to publ ic

Coal co~version regulations

Oil andl gas users tax

Extensibn of natural gas pricecontroll sConser~ati on program for homes,sChool~ and hospitals

tax cr¢pits for insulation, solarheatin,iginstallation, etc.

Changes\ in uti lity rate structure

HOUSE ACTION

KilledApproved

KilledApproVedApproved

Approved

Approved

Approved

Approved

Approved

Approved

SENATE ACTION

Not·considered

. Killed in Final)!=.e Cot\1!1lHtee;sales banapprovedon floor

Not consideredPending in Finance CommitteeIn trouble in Finance Committee

Approved with major changes

In trouble in Finance Committee

Phased deregulation approved

Approved·

Approved by Finance Committee

Rejected by Energy Committee

Energy Conservation. On September 13 the Senate passed the National EnergyConserv~tion Act, incorporating the previously passed bill (S 70l) , which provides

. $900 milllion for energy conservation measures in schools and hospitals, with theother m~jor conservation portions of thE;! National Energy Pilln.

:!'l'h~ Senate bill matches theHouse~passed energy conservation provisions in many

respects but does include some major differences. On the key issue of taxing gas­gu~~ling autos, the Senate passed a provision in effect banning the sale of suchcars. ~he bill would add a $10,000 fee to the selling price of any car that doesnot get jat least 16 miles per gallon beginning with. 1980 models. The minimum stan­dard. wotjld ris~ to 21 miles l'er gallon in 1985.. The House had passed a grad,:~tedtaxon llhe sale of emi'l'gy"ineffiCient Cars, which is more in line with tile Presi­dent's ~roposal. Major provisions of the Senate energy conservation bill include:

. -, -G "lA program requiring electric and gas utilities to advise homeowners on ways

ito .save·energy, inspect homes to determine costs of various energy conser­1vation measures, and offer to arrange installation and financing of energyiccnservatdon measures.

e.A program to provide financing to homeowners for the installation of solar,heating and cooling devices. Administered by HUD, the program would create1a $lOO-million revolving fund for 10 years. the House bill does not containlsuch a provision, although it provides for up to $2,150 in tax credit on'the first $10,000 of expenditures for solar and wind energy equipment.

• A government-insured loan program f6r homeowners to finance energy-savingimprovements. The ceiling on the loans would be $2,500. The GovernmentNational Mortgage Association would be authorized to purchase up to $5 bil­lion of such loans. The House established subsidized loans up to $2,200for homeowners who are at or below 90 percent of the area's median income.

• A program of mandatory energy efficiency standards for home appliances. Al­though the House version contains a sImtIar program, the Senate further man­dated standards for industrial equipment such as electric motors and pumps.

79

3

.INFORMATION BRIEF

NEW ENERGY AND EI\JVIRONMENTAL POLICIES

Governors attending the annual meeting of the National Governors'Assodi4tionin Detroit early in September adopted new policy resolutions calling for ad~i~ional

powers to act in energy emergencies and for a national conference with the Rr~sident

on the subject of increased energy production.

The two resolutions were added to a package of eight suggested energy ~1 en­vironmenta+,policies, which were adopted by the Governors with the recommen4a~ion

of the NGA', Committee on Natural Resources and Environmental Management (NRE~!C)J.

Detaiis of the proposed policy package were described in the September ~~sue ofThe EnergifResou:t'ae: The Governors in Detroit made virtually no deletions illJtheproposals 'presente~ by the Committee, but approved a number of additions "- ~lpo withthe Committee's endorsement. Along with the resolutions on emergency prepai~dPess

and a natfpnal energy proguction conference, the additions include:

• A newresolution on national water policy review; •• , ' II• Language in the National Energy Policy section calling for promotion;' qf outer

continental shelf development and an end to federal action which Increasesthe cost of energy transportation without increasing energy supp l Les]; lilnd

• 'A provision in the Energy Facility Siting section limiting federal funfingfor intervenors in the siting process to groups or individuals that fl'\ills~ffer dir<3ct and p<3rsonal adverse impact by the approval • • • of a~ i~nergy

facility and have a demonstrated need for such funding." " ,I

Emergency Preparedness. The problems involv<3d in pr<3paring States to m~~k se­vere energy emergencies were discussed at a plen~y session of the Detroit m<3etingby Governor Robert D. ,Ray (Iowa), chairman of the NGA Subcommittee on Emergepcy ,Pre­paredness, and by David Bardin, deputy administrator of the F<3deral Energy A~lI\~nis­tration who will become administrator of the Economic Regulatory Administratior. inthe new Department of Energy. I' '

,i !

The resolution offered later by the Committee on Natural Resources and Enyiron­mental Mariagement and adopted by the NGA says, "The States should adopt energy!emer­gency nanagement plans including at least the following: emergency powers for.fheGoveimirs,"load-shedding' plans, energy user priorities and a petroleum al Iocat i onsystem."'~1So, because some States may not be abl<3 to provide adeql.late emergeJ1cyauthoritY,.,).the resolution calls for national legislation. "which will allow presi.den-.'-,_ ,"'.- . ,.... . . '. ',·1

tial deleliiltion of emergency pow<3rs to Governors upon request of the Governor.'"

Urgi~[ the Department of Energy to provide assistance to the States to~e~eloPand implement energy emergency plans, the preparedness resolution adds, "Such ~ssis­tance should be incorporated into a comprehensive state energy management grilntprogram " • • )

17 ,"An information system should be developed by the Department of Energy to] fa­

cilitate the delivery of fuels in ••• situations in which transportation diffi-cul ties COntribute substantially to a fuel crisis. . . • A central energy em~r?ency

management function should be established at, the national level to provide, the Stateswith information in a timely manner as to the extent of fuel shortfalls and th~ loca­tion of possible supplies. • • .."

4

-'-----'--'--- --~'-'~.--'l-"__.m--._'--

I1I

Energy Production Conference., The idea for a national conference on increasingenergy production grew out of the early July meeting at ·the White House between Pres­ident Ca:tter and the Governors, which many Governors felt concentrated heavily on

-energy cbnservation. The Ianguage cadded-dn.Det.rod.t to the NGA position on nationalenergy p~licy states:

f

". 1 . the bes t interests of' theUrtited States would be served by a conference.of the Gbvernors with the President on the potential of this nation to increase theproducti?n of energy and [by having] these discussions fully reported to the Ameri­can peopfe ;" Governor JulianM. Carroll (Ky.), NREMC chairman, was urged to workwith thelAdministration to assure convening of the conference "in a timely manner."(The conference has since been scheduled for November 3.4 at the White House.)

I

Wat~r POlicy Review. The resolution adopted by the NGA "in response toPresi­dent Carter's request for a review of national water policy" declares;

"Th~ States have established systems of water laws to meet their individualeconomic! and· environmental needs, and uneqivocally oppose any intrusion of the fed~

erar government; into wat.er resource areastraditionaJly managed by the individualStates. ISpecifically, the States oppose any attempt by the federal government tousurp th~ir role in adjudicating water rightS.

J

"Th~ nation I s GovernOrs agree that there is a need for clarification and Lm­proved cpordination of federal water policy among federal agencies, as well as re­forms tlta-tcan be made on a state-by-state basis, but believe that these actionsshould t~ke place without intrusion into the States' role in water administration."

Ithel resolution also points out that individual States already have expressed

"legiti~ate areas of concern". olTer "unclear, unrealiStic and uilworkable" proposalscontaine~ in water policy option papers' submitted to them by t~e Administration forreview and urges that these concerns be reflected in future policy recommendations.It conclrdes:

"Thle federal government has a welbestablished traditional role of financingand fund,'ing water projects and in providing technical assistance to States. TheStates oppose any significant change in these policies."

ouJer Continental Shelf. Stating that it is "Clearly in the best interest ofthe UnftiedStates to accelerate rapidly the pace of offshore exploration and devel-opment .1. in accordance with sound and efficient" environmental standards, the

. resolution says that offshore activity "by nongovernmental entities shoul d be facil­·itated aPd supporte~' by federal officials and amendments to the Quter ContinentalShelf Lands-Act; "should expedite rather than hinder OCS development."

{

EnJrgy Transportation.. Recognizing that energy prices "wil1necessari!y riseas a result of efforts to increase supplies and discourage wasteful use," the Gov­ernprs ~dded an amendment, authored by Governor Pierre S. duPont IV (Del.), statingthat "tlie federal government should not take any further action the result of whichwould attifieiaUy inflate the cost of recovering, transporting or distributingenergy ~upplies without either increasing those supplies or discouraging their waste."

AlJo, the Governors at Detroit changed the name of theirorganizationft'omNationa] Governors' Conference to National Governors' Association.

1

5

81

:!i

.ENERGY PROGRAM REPORT

TECHNICAl. ASSISTANCE FORSTATE PURCHASING.:' n

The National Governors ' Association Energy Program, with cooperation fro:",iitheNational Association of State Purchasing Officials and state energy offices ,teiS[developing a project to provide technical assistance to States in carrying out ithemandatory procurement pOlicy objectives of the Energy p,olicy Conservation Ac~

(PL 94-163). ii!

The pro] ect will cover the design, implementation and testing of a PUbl;i.ci~ur~chasing technical assistance system that will be tl.efocal point for productsp!ec~

ifications,.test methods, policies and procedures relating to the procurement, o,fmore energy-efficient goods and services. The system can also provide a foca.lpointfor industry to identify public market needs and to offer new products, produ¢tl im-provements}Jr. new technology to state and lo.cal markets. . .

.,The bas i c framework, content and institutional relationships between NGA,I'ASPO,

state energy offices, federal agencies, industry and other.public interest grpupswill be tested. through a. series of procurement-oriented demonstration proj ects .] Inorder to develop the criteria for the demonstrations, the NGA and NASPO projeptistaffs reviewed the various state plans submitted toth.e Federal Energy Admin:is~ra­

tion under the Energy Policy Conservation Act. From this review a matrix wasld~vel­

oped showing major areas. of consensus among States with respect to their procurement;activities. Major ar-eas of state interest include the use of life-cycle cost~ng,

energy-related seminars andworkshops , development of a system for ranking productsby energyconsurnption, cooperative purchasing with the political subdivisionsiipthe State and the offering of technical assistance in specification deve Lopmerrt; andin the evaluation of products on an energy basis. The products enjoying stat~ [con­sensus include autos and trucks, appliances of all types, office equipment, ogi(recycled and synthetic), lighting, asphalts and tires. From these plans thelN!JAwill develop major demonstrations, either along product or policy lines, on a, r~­gional or national basis, or l,ithin a State. The product/policy matrix will ;i.d~n­

tify States with an interest in or commitment to a particular· process or product.. ~

To proyide guidance and review to .the project staff, the NGA Natural Res9urcesand Environmental Management Committee's Subcommittee on Energy Conservation formeda task force on Procurement and Energy Conservation. Tne task force brings t9g9therstate av<1 local public purchasing officials and several representatives of stet.~energy off:tces. It has met .to review the initial set of demonstration proj ectsi andhasendors~~ the fallowing for further work:

The NGA is currently working with FEA and the Energy Research and Develo~m~ntAdministration in developing the mechanics of project design management and f~~ing.

Lif~-cycle cost training and technical assistance programs; .! iiiA s>,stem for identifying, ranking and selecting energy-intensive products;A generic system of developing product-specific procurements; andProcurement of solar hot water heaters for public buildings.

••••

States needing technical assistance or procurement information, and thos~.~iSh­ing to contribute to any of the demonstrations, propose new procurement proj e.~tiideas or participate in the experiments should contact Joseph G. Berke, Director ofthe Conservation/State Procurement project at... the>.NGA Energy Program. Te.l ephone ;202/624-5376. .. . . . .. ..

6

82

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Dr. JamesL. Liverman, Assistant Sec­retary for Environment**

L . ." ..

,t\ , I I ,i,'OFfiCE OF;" I ITHE SECAETAAY ......

COMMITTEESFtDERAl,;", ;i"':",. •..~ &'liIiOAADS .."tHERGT.. I' '.

~b~U~=~f . INSPECTOR GENERAL ~-..., EXECUTIVE .-.._~-

GENERAl. COUNSEL SECRETARIAT _l_e..-o-- -."""""o:to..-.f1w'IJIO<:IlII,~

I_ ..~...-'-'--~--~

i l .' . .

I I I I I II .'

I ASSiStANT ASSiSTANT ASSISTANTI SECRETARY SECRETARY SECR!:TARY

L-..i. ....ADMINiSTRATOR AOWN'STRATOR CONSERVATION RESOURCE ENERGYECONOMIC ENEROY 'SOLAR

Rc:GUVtTORY, INFORMATION APPlICA110NS APPLICATIONS. TECH"'OLOG'i'ADMINISTRATION ADMINIS'I'.FlAfION , I·, ,

----- e..---,.

! '::~k~~~~DIRECTOR A$SIS1M"OFFICE OF SECRE:tAA'i

;) £NYIAONMENT ENEROY DeFENSEReSURCH" PROGRAMS

, . I .

" '.I .: I I I . I . I .

,~ AS~T$TANT DIA,ECtORDIRE~Toh k t"ECRETAAT ASSISTANT ASSiSTANT CONTROLleR

PROCUREMeNt.ADMINISTRATtON INTEA~ SECRETARY SECAETARY COftTRt.CTS

" GOYEA'NMENTAl INTERNATJ9NAl, POLICY" MA.NACEMEHT& ,INSTITUTIONAL AFfAIRS £YALUATION

IRELATIONS

Deutsch, Director, Office ofResearch

John M.Energy

1

KEY DEPARTrltENT OJ" ENERGY APPOIN1EES. President Carter has submd.tt ed nomlnat.Lons tofill mo~t of' the top positions in the Department of Energy, which began operationOct.obe.rjl , . The chart above shows the organization of the new Cabdriet.-Levef depart­ment. ~ey officers in the department will be located temporarily at 730 JacksonPlace,~.W., Washington, D.C., until permanent space in the James V. ForrestalBudIdf.ng , 1000 Independence Avenue, S. W., becomes available; most other employeeswill co~e from agencies absorbed by DOE and will remain at their old locationspendingjthe move to the Forrestal Locat i.on., Appointments to top DOE positions..most of ~them i'equiring Senate confirmation, are listed be low:

James R.l SChlesinger, Secretary David J . Bardin , Administrator,(conf'i~edAugust 5, 1977) Economic Regulatory Admirri.s t-ra.t ion

John F. jO'Leary, Deputy Secretary . C. Willhm Fischer, Administrator,

·0 1 0 :.'.M .... U d. S' t . Energy InfornatIon Admin~stration**a e. : yers,n er ecre ary •. 'R . D! cn ff S "'1 A··t t* Don Beattie, Assistant Secretary foroger .', 0 •.•• 0 . ,pec1a SS1S an Conservation & SOlar AppUc:ations**

Lynn Col,eman, General Counsel Thomas E. Noel, Assistant Secretary forInspector General ,nO appointment Resource Applic:ations**

Federal !Energy Regulatory Commission Robert D. Thorne, Assistant SecretaryCharles B. Curtis, to be designated for Energy ,Technology

chai~man after conf'irmationGeorgi~na Sheldon, meinberGeorge lR. Hall, memberMatthew Holden, Jr., memberDon Sm~th, member

(aontinued on p. 8)

7

83

.CALENDAR

Oct. 12-13 Meeting of the Resource Recovery TaSkForce, NGA Subcommittee on Waste Manage­ment, Natural·Resources and EnvironmentalManagement Committee (NREMC), Washington,D:C.

Oct. 12-13 Meeting of the NGA.Subcommittee on EnergyEmergency Preparedness, NREMC, Washing­ton, D.C.

Oct. 30 Second-round applications due for StateScience, Engineering and Technology (SSET)grants to States

Nov. 3-4 SSET workshop for executive branch appli­cants, Atlanta, Ga.

Nov. 3-4 White House Conference on Energy Production

Early Nov. Meeting of the NGA Subcommittee on WaterQua!ityManagement, NREMC, Washington, D.C.

Early Nov, Meeting of tile Surface Mining Task Force,Coal Subcommittee, NREMC, Washington, D.C.

1hcEncffiY.. ,ii~ym."ie

. .'----1

A newsletter of' fede'ral~st~te :;devel­oprnents in energy. technoloi;JYandthe environment publlshed mQnthlyby the·National Governorlf. q:Onff3r~enCe Energy, Program. ,.-Edward L Helminski

Energy Proqrem DirectorJoseph G. Berke ..'i

Director. Conservation/Stat.eProcurement Project - .-

Boselle F. Grasso - )iDirector. Waste Manag,-ne,ntProject . ,:. 1",~

Edward A. (Ned) Hel",e i ,iFederal-State Coo~dinat~r ,~

QonnieB. Q. Laughlin ..;:(Staff Associate for Con~eryation

Lynn MuchmoreDirector, .St8teScience.n .. JEngineering and Techno!ogyProject o!

Joan Simmons • . ;-Research Assoclate, SS§T

David W. s,tevens" "_l

Director. Facility Siting ~roj~ct

Subscriptions rnay. be :,ppiainedfrom The Energy Resource.;\5uite202, Hall of the States, 444.N9rthCapitol Street. Was~ington,~[ D.C.20001. Dwight E. Jensen, ~... di(or.

.' ':

if":1!

,

-~-----r-n

ENERGY Rt~ORT AVA!LABLE. Nuclear Reprocessing and Prolifer4tion: Alternativ~Ap­proaches ana Their Implications for the Federal Budget, a 64-page backgroundiPaperand analysis by the Congressional Budget Office, is available from the Superiht~n­

dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

ENERGY PRODUCTION, CONFERENCE. Telegrams were sent to Governors during the fi;r~,tweek in October inviting them to the \~it's House Energy Production Conference, o~November 3-4. The agenda is still being formulated. Tentative plans call for 'fbriefing for Governors at 1;30 p.m. November 3 at National Governors' Associationheadquartets, with the group going to the White House complex at 2:30 p.m,

,Alvin L. AIm, Assistant Secretary fokPolicy &Evaluation

" 'iHarry E. Bergold, Assistant Secret?~y

for International Affairs

Merwyn C. Greer,Controller*i! '1

Michael J. Tashjjan , Director of ,iProcurement .& Contracts Management*'!

Raymon9 L. Walters, Director, Exec~tiveS¢cretiariat*! 'I

.;\ '~

I

\c·_--

*Does not require Senate confirmatiov**Acting appointment!

8

1-

September 1977,;; gLWiiRE9\P& ¥tW-¥twi&;g;ge it ¥ *M%S% fti§mwt-t gPf%4rVe;;mmrm=f.;!fi'?lrp~

, ,

F/... t1'."'IJ&'"".'" ~';[!f··'trl'·~··.~r; ~.,,..•. '···w·'·... A 8ullETIN 'ROM'~,;;", " <_. ' ,."." _' .. " ,-";::' ;':.: ,:,,:.. ~ .. ' (? .. :_\, THE NA110NAL FIRE....'.;:).;: :'..:.".:..-. ""'. 'lj~.C.~: ,'-. "".-: '.,:':~; ~::.. ' .. "':: ,::,,-.~.,.,_.,.,_ .. >'0': . :/:~ PRE,ENTiON AND CONTAOL';:_-f .. ,... '.. -, .. _,', ...... .. , '" " .,/ {;', "',:.. : -:- ...... ',-:'" ADMINISTRATION uS

iN.,'·-: .. ,';. -- ,'~ " ,,': -..- '.- - -.:i',:" -") ,'-:--,' ';..,:",-,.' OEPAATMENTQFCOMMEACE." .' :' ~._. ,'.. .... .. -'.. ,r._, ...../- .... -.. - -.:. -', -', • ,-, ~., "'" ':0:'/'" '. WASHINQTor-r"D C 20230

...,., ,', .. '" .. .. - -.: ' " .. ,

fa iiifSt'ii"¥'fr b51it· . f ¥ aug¥'" ~~~-j:&" ..;;;;;;;::t~m'iI

44 #&'¥·-it#~*4 2&1 Wk #i"f~~..1i!£lJiOI£1:F~As:.~1~~U

"E'"erybodyalways talks about theweather, but nobody does

anything , , .about it,"MarkTwain ohserved-r­years ago. The fire .comrnunity is notonly talking about public fire educe­lion. ,the_yare doing something aboutit

Public fire educators n-ationwideareentering '.1, newera of aciivity-e­and results. lhe go~1 of lheNFPCA'sPublic Education Office is 10 providelocal flreeducators with the tool. todevelop their own programs, Theresultis'rrieasurabfelirelos:s'reductionthroush education, .'

The Public Edu(ation Office isorganized, into .twc divisions forachieving -irs mission. The PublicEduca:tion AssistancePrograniprovides techntcal and programmaticass-istance to states and communities.

.The ,ResearcCh Division-developseducation programs for high riskgroups and.'special 'environments.

Through its research programs, PEOis working to develop and disseminatecost-effecrive public fire educationprograms. One result has been theCommunity Fire Education PlanningModel developed with the Children'sMuseum and WhiH~woodStamps, Inc.of Boston. This Ilve-step orocessallows localfire educators to plan.tm­piement, and evaluate-educationprograms. specifically designed tosolve their Jocal fire problems usinglocal resources.

A kev elemcnt of PEO'seduc3tionatresearch effottsi'seducarion programs.for special groups. Pre-school('hildr~n,for example. can-team sirn­pte fiJ~.s.lt<'tyskills, such as "Stop­drop-aed-rott." Working under aNationa! Eire Administration grant,Nancv Dennis .of Oklahoma StateUniv~r\ityis devetnping educationprograms for pre-schoolers: herresults will be" shared with public fireeducatorv .nationwide.

Fir<> educators can US£" otherprodurrs of PEO'sedu('alionalr("\('J(fh('f(orrs as the "raw m.nertal"

us, ,DEPAR'fMfNfOICOMMEa(f

HatIOnal'mrfteoHentklltand COooQAddlWsIfailla

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'I~,..r"",,, ~j-wam.'r:, ",·t.f'·; ,'" ~ .."i;;:.""~."~;",''''''){''~":;" "'J] ,,~,.,,·'rt,t .~ v : '/r ' I,~">,Z" 1

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nlanr~ng'"rr.~,."j~~'" ~;, '.,.' :',~a~~ r",; , ',: - , ," , ',' ,,' , !<-.\o

Fife £duation ,'unnin, h~IPs'fOcal 'fire e;chi("atOri drwrlopprol,,,ms 'etrchild'tn. youlhfulfit6eneh;adults, ,1It~dlheeldf'rly.

PUblic Fire EducationMarches Across Nation

~

85

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\3rfF4h "*JJ!A....TAAtkiJ}dib&¥JI\qpiMg;f~JiI

Deputy Chief Kenji Ajioka "fas!appointed the 9lh Chief!of!the

Tokyo Fire Department July 3, 1977,succeeding Chief 5higenao iiiMurayama who 'retired' after ~6years

of service in the TFD. IiBorn February 4, 1924, Chiel Ajioka

ls a graduate of the DepartmentlofArchitecture, Tokyo University. ljiav­ing joined the Tokyo Fire Departmentin March 1948 concurrently >\(ilh theestablishment of the municip~1 flreservice. he was promoted to fir~Lieutenant in 1950, Fire Captain)n1955, Battalion Chief in 1961, A"i'tantChief in 1967, tst Assistant Chief, in1970, Deputy Chief in 1973, ardlilhistime fire Chief by Governor of:)To-,kyo.

Before his appointment as ~hi_cf,

Chief Ajioka held the po'" 0(: Chiefsof Fire Science labor.ltory, FitePrevention Division, Commari:d (1)ivi­si.on, Perso'Oriel Division and ~d~

ministration Division. :iHe will head all Fire Chief'~ P'ilSi­

lion, for Japan including the ilpre,idency of the Fire Chief', "\"'lcia­tion of Japan and thelnterna~jor;t;J1

Fire- Chids' Association of Asji~.

NamesTokyo,,:New· Fire

I:

Chief

\

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volunt.uy hom~ Qfel)' surYel"s ue the cornerstone 01 public educ"lion progmr.sin Edmo~ds,:i j'.Wuhinston. ~ •. ;

" IINFPCA publication, also promote

sharing ideasand ,experiences.Established in 1976, the Resource Ex­chiJilge Bulletin features shortdescriptions of ,local programs; Eacharticle includes the name, address andtelephone number of the local con­tact for more information. TheBul1etin's ,circulation has grown from25 to more than 4,000 during its oneand a half yea".

Other PEO publications describelocal' programs in more depth."Teaching Fite Safety Education" wasthe first of a series of monographs onlocal programs. Prepared by Cathylohr of the Guilford County FireMarshal'sOffice in Greensboro,North Carolina, the booklet describesa var-ietyof in-school programs inGuilford county and suggests ways towork with school officials. In June19n, "The Fire SafelY TrainingWorkbook" was published as the se­cond monograph. This booklet out­lines, a training course' developed byLt. Earle B. Poole of the MontgomeryCounty. Maryland, Department ofFire,'and Rescue Services. Originallydevised to train members of theladies' Auxiliary to make fire safetypresentations, the booklet can be thebasis for training a wide range of corn­municy groups" such as the Kiwanisand Red Cross.

Each PEO activity reflects the con­viction thac. fir~is a local prC?blem that,an be solved using local. resources.The result--as, fire educators fr9;mSantaAna, Calif~rnia, to ~:t~· Pro~pect,Illinois, are discovering--isredLicedfire 10".Editor's Note: A P£O public.iliions'lislis .iIY.iliI.ilble from PublicEducation Of­fice, Nalionil, FirePrev'entioli andConlrol Admini§troltion, P.O. Box19518" Wa~hington" 0.(:., 20016.;

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for"planning 'local' programs. Fo., ex­ample; PEO has published "FireEducation Planning.v a bookler andset of planning posters-to help planeducation programs for children,youthful flresetters; adults and theelderly, Another researcbpubhcatlonexamines community and fire serviceattuudes ina New Orleansneighborhood which Is ,i.mila, tomany high ftre risk urban' settin~s.

In a related efforl, PEO ls develop­inga, home inspection program toreduce fire 10'" Fire Chief lackCooper and Publif,Educaliol1 OfficerDonna Gorman ofEdmonds, wash.,have, completed a;training package toteach civilians how-to conduce homeinspecuons or .surv€;.ys. The "EdmondsHome InspectiooProgram" includingtraining manual and slides can bepurchased now., "

Resource exch.l'nge·'-:'lhe activesharing.of loceflv.develcped programidea, and rnaterials-e-ls the goal ofPEO's Public E.ducation-AssistanceProgra.m.fntni.s way, members of thefire community cao use each ocher'stalents andrescurces to reduce localfire 10".

Conferences and publications aremajor tools for resource exchange at

. NFPCA. Public fire education con­ference,. co-,ponsored by the PublicEducation Office and a local. Slate orregiona:1 organization, provi~e ,aforum for local fire educators to learnof other local. programs from aero"the country. In addition, parlicipantsplan slate relioource exchange systemsat conferences co-,pon,ored by PEO.

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T he Model is a five step blueprinr:..'. for action. In the fiu.t three steps.

you useyolJrkf1o~led.g~?f YO~,,~:commmuni1y to de'vi~e the'attack'on"(jreloss, In the final steps, the educationprogram.is implemented andevaluated. ,

knowin,gwhichproblemloattack iscrucial to effective public fire educa-:tion. In the first step, you identify yourcommunitfs major ,fire problem byanswering questions such as "Whatare the ignitio." sources or causes offire?" "Where are 'he high risk loca­nons and when are the high risktimes]" "Who are the high risk victimsand What is the high risk behavior?"The looal answers to these-questionsdraw a scenario of the problem to beattacked through education.

The answers. of course. differ fromcernmunity.to community. for exam­pie. Oregon identified smoking as astatewide fire problem; UpperArlington, 9.. identified juvenilefiresetters as .a target for education;and Minneapolis, Minn., sees elderlyresidents of high.rise apartments as animportant .potential audience forpubilc fire.education .. messages.However, each of these communitiestook .the important ,f.irst step of pin­pointing the problem 10 be solved,

After identifying .the problem, youthen complete the second portion ?fthe Model: . finding the resources tohelp·reducefite ,loss. These resourcescan 'be people; such as communitybusiness or .clvlc orga'niz.ations; Forsome local' fire educators, thert;I,edia~te'evi.si9n, radio.andnewspapers-e-are a valuable .tool InIfansmining'fire .safety information.Res?urcesar-e'a:lsomaterials.thefilms, .slides, .posters, and brccbures rhatmake up the fire educator's arsenalagainst fire.

As-those using the Model.arc dis­covering. many cornmunttieshavemany resources for people andmaterials. 'The ·KiwanisinMtProspect. III., the Jaycees in Erie, Pa.and the Women's Club in Covina.Cehf.. are all providing people toeducate the public about smokedetectors'.' The Red Cross .:inMontclair, N.J" and the Orlando 10­surancc Association tn Florida providematerials to theirIocaifire depart­m'ents.

By knowing the problem to besolved and lhcresourcesilvailable,youean (hen complete the 'planning

Five Steps ToReduced loss

"$ant-a Ana, Calif., has achieved aper 'capita fire.less rate 75 percentbelow the national average for morethan a decade.

"Rockford, III., reduced false alarmsfrom two schools from 5-8 per day tonone.

O~i1cf!~,'Tex.,experienced a 44per..cent reduction in cooking and greasefires. c \

Success stories like these fromaround the country have s cornmontheme: .pubtlc fireeducarion reducesloss when specific local problems areattacked using coordinated localresources. The Community FireEducation Model helps 10c~1 fire'educators plan. and imolernenteduca­tion programs that work.

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f ire educators work in. environments as varied as their

cornmunlties.Although the tire problems, theblidget,and staff resources, and thecornmuphies: themselves .vary,ea<:hfire educator shares the goal ofreduce~ fire 16SS, .P~~li~Edu~~tion is.a s.mall item)n

manyfif,; department budgets. Yetmany .(ire, educators are discoveringthat.targeted, systematic. educationprograms succeed.In reducing fireloss; For example,

°MississippiColJrHy, ·Ark., ex­perienced a,50 percent reduction ininjuriesfrQr'n.fires and explosions aftereducation programs targeted atelectrical hazards. flammable liquids,and lea~ing children' unsupervised,

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Successful Fire~ucation Progr~'Means Careful~·Planning

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phase by designing 'an educationprogrampackage the third step in themodel. At this stage•.you determinewhich formats are best in presentingthe educational message.. Amongthemany choices are slide shows, table­lap displays, home inspections,school programs, brochures, andtelevision, or radio public service an ..nouncements.~owyou.are. re,adt to implement

the public education pr()~ra""lhefourtt"! step In the education process.Many fire departments, are findingthat broad community participation iscrucial to implemennng theirprograms. One 'fllethod of involvingthe audience ir'}:,.cducation; is using amember oftbeaudience to presentthe message ,'with fireservkeguidance..-ln 'Minn~apolis, forexam­pie. the "star" of a slide showlorelderly high-rise.resldents Isanelder­Iy high-rise resident herself. Otherdecislons. outlined -ln the Model in_dupe determining who wiU becomefire educators a.nd'how to train them,Ways to produce and distributeeducational materials must also bedecided.

The edocatlonal process describedin the Model does nOI end withImplementation. From [he viewpointof reducingtireless, the most impor­tant step. may be evaluating theprogram'simpact.

In the early stages of planning, you

Identified the community's fireprcbtems end set the educationprogram's goals. Through evaluation,the Model helps educators' measuretheir. success.

Success comes in many forms. Onemeasure of success is comparing"before and aher" statistics on- (iredeaths, injuries, loss and incidents.Another method involves gaugingchanges in knowledge, awareness,and behavior.

Theevalualion techniques will de­pend on the pro~r~m's goals. For, ex­ample. medical examiners' reports 'arecompared In polaware, which has seta statewide goal of no rcstdentlal firedeaths by 1980. In Laurel, Md"wherethe goal is increased life-safelythrough smoke detectors, telephonesurveys reveal. how many homes haveinstillied detectors.

Even the most thoughtfully plannedand implemented educationprograms have areas of weakness.Evaluation shows you where tomodify the education program. In aU.S. Forest Service project inlouisiana, for example, evaluationrevealed' that mass, media techniqueschanged fire safely knowledge, butnot fire safety behavior.As a result,the program was revised to reinforcemedia messages with "personal Con­ractors' or local opinion .leaders.

According to reports fromeducators who have completed the

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five steps in the CommunityPublicFire Education Planning Mapel., usinga systematic process allows.them tofocus limited fire depar,trtleS>'resources on specific tasks. Th~ result,the users say, is a cost-effective ap­proach to public education; f()rreduced fire loss: "

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Model States SelectedTo •Begin.• Fire EducationThru I'lFPCA GrantsA sk a Texan about Texas, a New

Yorker about New York, oraGeorgian about Georgia. They willeach tell you the unique charac­teristics of their state,

Each of the 50 states has trs in­dividual qualines and each doespublic. fire education its own way. Tolearn more about the ways states canpractlce resource exchange.the Public Education Of-fice has 'idenlified California, Dela­ware, Illinois, and Oregon as pilotpublic education stales;

Four pilot stales have each receivedxranrs from PEa. '[he gran Is fund the

first year of a three-year program andwill be used to establish state resourcesystems and 10 implement publiceducation planning on a statewidebasis.

California·In California, the grant recipient is

the Office of Slate Firelvlarshal.Robert Eg·an of San lose 'State College'is project director.

Because of the size of the, state,. California plans to utilize regionalrepresentatives ro gather and dis­seminate fire- education programs andmaterials. Two.workshops. are plan-

ned to provide technical assistance tothese fire educators in utili~in~ asystematic approach to fire educationprograms within the state. -

DelawareThe Delaware State Fire School, un­

der the leadership of Direcjor.LouAmabili, received another P~Qgranl.

Senior Instructor Frank Richardsonand Florence Legates are acrlvely in­volved in implementing the pn:)gram.

Like many states, Delawar¢r.eliesheavily on volunteer firefigh\er~-ilnd

volunteer fire educators. Th:ti! StateFire School will offer training coursesfor volunteer, certified fireSaf~IY

Instructors. The instruct()rs~iv~ firesafety presentations in their qwl"1 com­munities, using materials anp equip­ment coordinated by DSFS ",ilh gran Ifunding. Regional resource ~nters inthe state oHer the Fire Safety lnstruc­tors: convenient access to educationalmaterials, ,-

IllinoisIllinois fire educators' have also

decided to usc- pari of their::granc toestablish resource centers, The Illinois

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'Firc'Jn~pcctor5 Association, the grantrecipient, has ntgaruzed 'anorthernresour{e center. in Mt. Prospect (asuburb, of Chicago) and a southerncenter in Springfield, the state capital.In addinon, the Illinois grant will helpsuppori a-statewide fire educationnewsletter, Lt.Phillip Guzzeta, pastpresi~¢nl of the IFIA, and Lt. LonnieJackson, chairman of the IFIA Educa­tion Committee, along with Fire ChiefLarry Pairitz of Mt. Prospect, III., areresponsible for establishing the .statewide nrc education system inIllinois!

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The~ranl·to Oregon's Plre Stan­dards and Accredit;llion Board willreach rr.any,comrnunitiesinthe state.Among other-uses, the grant will fund10 "mi~i.,.g,rantsH to individual,geographically scattered areas inOrego~. fachof these areas is

developing fire educationprograms ro meet local needs, ac­cording to BoardDlrector Dick Small.The mini-grant communities will alluse the Model to develop theirprograms. Oregon has already succes­sfully used the Community Fire'Education .~lannin&Mode.llo develop

.staIe:'1IJ~t?' gr,9gram~,., .'..",'Helen Moskal of the Board arid Fire

Chlef Hcyd Phtard of Seaside, Ore.,are sharing grant implementationresponsibilities with Small.

Benefits to Other StatesWhile each state has its own fire

education needs and resources.uhe'lessons of the four ptlor srates can beapplied to others. For example,regional re~ource centers, mini­grants. arid tralnlng for fire educatorsare potential approaches to statewidepublic fire education across the Na­tion. The Public Education Office will

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~:"""'~~Lt. Loni'lieJ~ck~OflheMt.p;~tt Fir.Dept1i11mcnt,h~.with lotiJ:hchoolchiJdrrn, iIhelpinsimpkmenl st,iJlewidernouru' elch.ans·under • Public Elfuc.lliqnOflkc sr.nt to Ih..IUimmfitelnsp«lon AJSfKiillioi'l.

share the insights ;gained in California,Delaware, 'Illinois, and Oregon withother states inthe interest of rnore ef­fectivepubllc fire education,

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EachcClnfer~nce.has two goals.Fir51~ the meetings allow educators 10learn about other programs andavailable materials: Participants bringtheir'br9chures, posters, and .slide setswith them to ·theconfe-rences~In.'many c~scs,. fire .. edu~ators ,arrive with

. a brtefcase Iull oftbeir own materialsa.nd leave with the case full of samplesfrom other people. Often these firstenco~nter5atc0':lfer~nccs lead tocontinued, iriforrnal resource ex­change.

Secondly, the conferences areacatalyst for public fire education inthe host state".The conferenceegendasincludetime for round-tableplanning of state-wide resource ,ex­change. Improved and expanded firesafely public education programs atthe state and local levels grow from

FlIIE EDUCAtION COrJfEIIEUCES

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Firerducation coriIN~nc~b,ingloul eduuto" logelht't to ,("..,n ..bOut prOJr..ms in IMfrSI.aIt'.ind~crosslh.·N.alion.

Denver, Colo., in May 1977, broughttogetherlocal fire educators from anaddltional eight stales. The MissouriValleyConfNence in fargo, N.D., ad­dedJire educators from the upperMidwest to the growing list of partici..pants in PEO co-sponsored: con­fererrces,

T he v~icefromthe podium speaks'... ' with ,many accents, at public fireeducation conferences. Some voicesarec,isp New England and-some aresoft Southern. A matter-of-factMidwes~ern·.vokejoinsa casualCalifornia lone.

At .p~biiteducatiGn·conferencessponsored by PEO grants, fireeducators from across the Nation ac­quaint conference participants withthema~y approaches to local fireeducation,

The first pili)! conference was heldin CoII¢ge Park, Md., in late 1975:Then,t~eo~iginatbi"sof 2~ s~cce'5s'fulprograrVs frornaround the countrymel .toshareinforrnation and ideas onpublic fire education. The conferencewas so ~cce5sfulthat.the' participarusr·equesl~dnig,ionalconfe-~entes tobringp~es~htationstootherpatts, ofthe Nation.

Sincejthe Marylan~ meeting con­ferellce! have been held in Mas­sachusi>!t<, DClaware, Oklahoma,Ulah.C~lifornia~Illinois, Washington,G('or~ia,andNorth 'Carolina ..TheMountain Stales Conference, hcldin

U~fugConfereneesIsAtPEO Way ToSpread The Word

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this resource exchange.Illinois is a prime example of public

education growth through con­Ierences. In 1976, Mt. Prospect, III.,Fire Depanment.: with theassistanceof PEO, held the Midwest PublicEducation Conference. Since then,fire suppression personnel havevolunteered their off-duty time toteaching children fire safely in com­munity schools". purely on a non-paidbasis. Fire"prevention personnel whoonce spent .all their time on enforce-

"Smoke detectors have thepotential for reducing theloss 01 life Irom fire inAmerican homes by over

·40%,"

Howard D..;'tiptonAdministrator, NfPCA

W hen used with a practicalheme. escape plan, smoke detectors

providea variety of advantages. To the in ..dividual, smoke delectors offer earlywarning and escape. To the com­munity, smoke-detectors offerreduced fire spread. To the fire ser­vice. the early, wamtng of smokedetectors can offer easier extinguish­mentand increased loss reduction.

The National F.ire Prevention andControl Adminijlration Public Educa­tion Office has 'undertaken anationwide campaign to assist firedepartments meet local demand' forsmoke detector-lnlormation andeducation programs.

"WAKE UP!"An early step was providing fire

departments with smoke defector in·formation lor public distribution. Incooperation with the National Bureauof Standard, and the ConsumerProduct Safely Commission, NfPCApublished a consumer brochure,"Wake Up! Smoke DetectorsCanSave Your life If ..." U,ing non-

ment ncw add.publfc educanon to'their duties. The Illinois nrc lnspec­tors Association independently spon­sorcd a second conference to extendthe benefits of the first,

Slates that have not yet sponsored aconference under a PEOgrant areshowing increased interesr ln gather­ing their local fire educators for ameeting. Fire educators interested inhaving a conference in the grant stateshould first identify an organizationwith a statewide focus as a sponsor.

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rechnicallanguageand strong illustra­tions, the brochure explains selection,installation, and maintenance ofsmoke detectors. as well as the needfor. practiced home escape plans.

In December 1976,fire departmentsaround the Nation received singlecopies of "Wake Up!" The HartfordInsurance Company and Sears,Roebuck and Company were the firstorganizations that offered 10 re-printthe brochure asa public service to firedepartments. By June 1977, Hartfordhad distributed more than 160,000copies throughirs agents. During thesame time period Sears has dis..tribured 2,095,400 copies fire depart­ments in'22 Standard MetropolitanStatlstlcal Areas. Sears has now ex..tended its brochure programnationwide.

Individual flre departments, localgovernment agencies, and otherorganizationswere also anxious ro re...print "Wake Up!" as a public service.PEO loaned the brochure negatives 10these organizations, resulting in thedisrribution of an estimated additional400,000 copies.

Smoke Detector PublicEducation Manuals

While coordinating the re-printingof "Wake Up!", the Public EducationOffice has been developing a five­part' series olSmoke D~Ject~FPublicEducation' 'Mt.nuals ;:Jot the fireeducators.

The series includes:Th~ Smoke Detector Resource

Catalog. A fact 'heel on smoke detec-

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State fire marshals, directQrs~:::of slatefire service training or staiewidesocieties or organizationscould eachbecome a sponsoring ho~t. ."

Potential sponsors shoul9 .1"50 ideo..tHy short-term and long-t~rr1;1 con­ference benefits, such as~hei es­tablishment of statewide r~s~:urce.ex­change systems. Possible conterenceparticipants should be i.derylified. PEOand the local organizations, ar,e jointlyresponsible for locating cqnf¢rencespeakers. d

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Sears, R~buck and Company and 'he'tt.ullordInsurance Company are .JIImong the;imallYorganizalions which have' re--ptint~':~akeuptSmoke De'Iee:lors Can $.lve Your We.','

tors, guides to finding ,mok~ d'ktectormaterials, case histories of successfulprograms, a legislative ove~ie:w, andevaluation techniques; ,:.:~

Smoke Detectors: Moving .\."ePublic. A two pari manual -*>n:;generating support through com­munity organizations and t~e 'media;

Smoke Detett.,r Technolpg~. Adetailed description of hoYf smokedetectors work;

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These are-only a few of the policy is­sues thai will be addressed at theNational. Fire Adrninistration's ThirdAnnual Conference. "PolicyLeadership in Fife Protection'!' Theconference is scheduled to be heldOct?ber 24-26,1977 ~,Ithe She',at"nSI.Jouis' Hotel, CrinvehlionPlaza, St.Louis, Missouri. .

It will tackle such subjects aslegislating fire safety through codes,enforcing codes and regularions,labor-management negotiations,prosecutirigarson cases, policy issueson fire suppression, as well as thoseaffecting fire prevention.

The objective of the conference isto bring together policy decision­makers (mayors, council rnernbers,tounly supervisors, State. legislators,city managers, corporate officers,labor leaders) and members of the fireprotection community to examinecritical policy issues in fire protection,The fire protection leaders and thedecislonmakers will sit together andlisten to presentarlons On key poliCyissues,partidpa,te ii'l jojnt discussionperiods, and talk informally duringmeals for the -three intensive workingdays of the conference,

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NFPCAPlansThird Annual,Cgll{~reD:!~ForSf. LOuis

H OW do you know you areprovicling the fire protection of

your community desiresl-How do youmeasure the effectiveness of your fire·protection programs/ How do youmeasure the productivity of your firedepartment/

What does a mayor expect of a firechief? What does a fire chief expectfrom a mayorl With rapidly risingcosts, what impact do budget cutshave on a community's fire protec­lion/ Should the24~hour sWt ~e

'"eliminatedI , ,'" 'What is the Stale responsibility in

fire protection/ What role do fire ser­vice chief officers play in the manage­ment-ol the fire department and thecityl Should Ihe community fund 0.,.

NAME

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sm~ke Detectors and le~islaHf)n.An in"p('plh review of the currentstatus 9f !itate andlocal smoke derec­tor legisl,llion;

Smoke Detector Training. Asuggested program for preparingmembbl's of the fire prevention com..muni~Yl to present. smoke detectoreducation to the public.

Thelnanuals are (0 be relea\~d intwo'st4ges. The' Resource Catalog isthe "corell manual and was releasedfirst, in!June 1977. Smoke Detectors:Moving the Public,Smoke DeteCtorTechnQlogy, Smoke Detector legisla­tion <Inti Smoke Detect«)! Training areexpectdd later in 1977.

The Meed for the manuals is seen inthe ieqpesis 'for copies. Three weeksafter an'nouncin~theavailabilityofthe Res\,urce Catalog, 14,000requestsfor the ranuals arrived at PEO.

Smok~ Detector OutreachThe f7e Smoke Detector Public

Education Manuals are seen as theprimary!tools for implementingsmoke detector programs, The ul­tim~te gbal~,f.,t,h~- prog,~aT,is_~s?i_stingtbeloca] fiie'serv1ce'in 'prese'ndng'smoke detector information to' thepublic. J

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RrGIS"'R'AT' ION FO"M Na',onalftre .PrevenllCn and1 -C .' ~'" ' ..... '. .-. n. . ControLAdmlOlstr:iuqnI ! u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

I 'Pfe,netorii~lete,'he:rollowing form and mail with a'theckfCir SS$.OOltocover all conference meal Iuncticns.and the Conference

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D:C.200J6. .l1ake'allchecks payable 10NATI{JNAl fIRfCON~ERENCE.YourR.egistralioilwilibeconfirmed aJongwilh a hetel rcser-

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·Oct. 2S J. S25.00per \ll't1 .

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cONFEREN1CE REGISTRATION AREAS OF INrEREST: HOrn RESERVATION:1 qVolunteer Fire Dept. (Sh'(!ralonSt. Louis HoteO

ENCL<?SED~1 . 0 Cities of less than 50.000R~gJstratl.?n Fee:. S55J)O 0 Cities of 50~250.000Dinner T-1,:kE!'t Sets-for 0- _..Cuesl Nbn"Conferees ~ ... <:'(Iesover 250,000

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October 27 Set for Lease Sale of Co<>klnlet Oil and GasTracts - Secretary of Interior Cecil Andrus has set October27 for the lease sale of 135 offshore oil and natural gastracts in Alaska's Cook Inlet near Anchorage, The lease salearea is 60 miles long and 30 miles wide and covers 768,580acres. The Department of Interior (DOl) will offer 89 tractsunder the traditional cash bonus system and 46 tracts underthe royalty bidding system. Under this bidding system, thereverse of the cash bonus system, a fixed cash bonus for thetractsjs set, while the companies bid on the royalty to ber~turned to the government. DOl has set the fixed bonus atthe minimum, about 8142,000, On 36 of the 46trocts. Thefixed bonus for the 10 remaining tracts was set according tothe estimated value of the tracts. The royalty bidding sys­tern" aimed at increasing' competitfonvallows smaller corn­panles with less capital to participate in the sale.

Lease stipulations and regulations have been set toensure maximum environmental protection to the leasearea. One ofthese stipulations requites lessees to prepare anenvironmental Impact statement beforethey canexplore ordevelop a tract.. Companies leasing tracts are expected to"work closely with the state and local officials to minimizepotential conflicts with commercial fishing and traditionalnative customs and to reduce the adverse effects of onshore'development:' To minimize the impact of the operation ottthe seabird and marine mammal communities, aircraft andboat traffic will be restricted from May to September.

New'MotorOil Rerefining·Process Developed· ..... A newpro­cess to rerefine waste motor oil into a high quality productcomparable to virgin motor oil has been developed byPhillips Petroleum Company. Higher grade oil. can also beproduced by blending the rereflned oil with additives.ACcording to Phillips, the process is faster, more economi­cal, and overcomes the environmental problems associatedwith other processes. Ninety percent of the oil can be reocovered: from motor oil waste using the Phillips 3·hour rere­finingprocess. Other processes have been able to recoveronly £S to 75 percent of the oil in waste. Environmentally,thePhillips process alleviates waste-disposal problems. Thewaste remaining after oil removal is in a solid form that issafe fot landfills or other uses. The wastewater from thepjecess can be discharged into waterways or municipalsewage systems.

. A plant using the new oil-rereflningprocess will be builtby Phillips in Raleigh, North Carolina. The $1.4 millionPjant, expected to star! operation in mid·I978, will haveacapactty of nearly Z milliongallonsof waste oil annually.

Miilestone Reached at Syrjthane'Piiot Plant ~ The Synthanegasification pilot plant reached a major milestone duringA~gust; it operated at controlled conditions for longperiods without interruption. The plant, owned by the

Energy Research and Development Administration andoperatJd by The Lummus Company of New Jersey, pro­duced gas for 190 hours during an 11\i-day run. Using 465tons of western subbituminous coal, the Synthane plantproduced 19 million standard cubic feet of dry raw gas.The .best results were obtained during a 98-hour period ofthe test run when the ~asifier temperature was held at1,500° F, the coal feed rate averaged 2.2 tons per hour,and gas.conversion averaged 73 percent. The run concludedthetest program for Montana rosebud subbituminous coal.Enough data have been obtained. for.use in designing aSynthane demonstration plant for western coals.

Navy Refuse-to·lOnergy Plants to Be Built - A solid-wasteincinerator plant willbe built at the Naval Air Station InJacksonville, Florida, and a refuse incinerator plant will bebuilt at the Naval Station in Mayport, Florida. Both plantsare designed to dispose of 40 to 50 tons of solid waste perday and convert the refuse into steam. Construction of tiretwo plants will begin in October 1977 and is expected to becompleted early in 1979.

The design used in the Jacksonville plant is an advancedconceptthat employs packaged .eontrcllcd-alr fncfneratorswith watenube waste-heat boilers. The solid waste is pro­cessed to remove glass and metals and is then burned in thepackaged incinerators. The Maypottplant is designed toemploy a conventional, field-erected, refractory-wall incin­erator with mechanical .grates .and '11 firetube waste-heatboiler. In the Mayport design, the solid waste is not pro­cessedbeforeItis burned in the incinerator.

1 REPORTS OF INTEREST

Domestic Energy Resource and Reserve Estimate3­Uses. Limitations, and Needed Data, Energy andMineral Division, General Accounting Office, Wash­ington, D.C., March 1977, ?B-268 966j9WE.

Window DesignSIrategiesl0 Conserve Energy, S. R.lIastll\gs and R. W. Crenshaw, Architectural ResearchSection, National Bureau of Standards, Washington.D.C., June i977,?a·269 297j8WE.

Approved,~z:V. M. SKRlNAKCAPT,CEC,USNDirector, Navy Energy and

Natural Resources R&D Office

PreptAred weekI)" lor the Chfe{o/ N,1\'01 Opcrtlt;on!.bytheNavy Energy and Natural Resources R&D Office, NallOI Mo11erlal Command Depart­ment Of th\~ Navy. ·Wa."hiltR'ton, D.C. '"],)360

93

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ilSilicon Schotty Photovoltaic Diodes for Solar EnergyConversion, W. A. Anderson, Rut~ers.The StateUniversity, May 1977, PB·268 457/9W:f!.. ·

Biological Solar Energy Conversion: \';4pproaches toOvercome Yield. Stability and Product 'Ltmitations,B. Kok, et al., Martin Marietta, March 1977, PB·267937/IWE.

Environmental Assessment of Geop~¢Ssf.lred Watersand Their Projected Uses, J. S. Wilsqn,.et al., DowChemical Company, April 1977, PB·2~~289/6WE.

'Evaluation and Development of s~eJial PurposeCoals, Final Report. W. Spackman, ~t ~1., Pennsyl­vania State University, September 1976, I;E·0390.2.

Ii

REPORTS OF INTERESTi(

Demonstration ofBuilding Heating wilh ;, Heat PumpUsing Thermal Effluent, Peter W.Sector, Cold RegionsResearch and Engineering Laboratojy.rMay 1977,AD·A041 024/IWE. .

i:Coal Gasification Tests Continued ~ T~~1?n.ergy Researcharid Development Administration (ER;PA) will begin amajor test of an underground coal gasil!cation experimentnear Hanna, Wyoming, about October .10: Testing of thelinked vertical well technique being used!;in,this experimentbegan at the ERDA Laramie Energy ~esearch Center inMarch 1973. In three early experiments, -the wells werespaced 60 feet apart. In this fourth andlargest test, ERDAwill drill three 330·foot wells, penetrannga 30·foot thickcoal seam. There will be 100 feet between wells one andtwo;and ISO feet between wellstwo am! t!'free. The coal inthe seam will be ignited and air will be irlj"sted to maintainthe burn -.The burning of a portion of tile coal in the seamwill supply the energy necessary to pyrolize the remainingcoal, generat.inggas., ERDA officials e*pect a maximumproduction of 25,000 mcf of gas per day!, based on the testresults of the three previous experiments,

30 September J977

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Canacfa Reexamines Tidal Power,Project - -Because oil andgas.prices have escalated in the past several years, Canadian .authorities are taking another look at a tidal power projectproposed in 1969. The original study proposed to harnessthe tidal flow of the Bay of Fundy in southeastern Canadafor electric power generation. At the time,however, a tidalpower plant was'considered uneconomical because of theavailability of cheap fossil fuels. The power potential in theBay of Fundy is immense' because the difference betweenhigh and lo\~ tides is as much as 50 feet. Canadian engineersare contemplating .hamessing this resource by building adam across the tidal estuary, forcing the rising and failingwaters through turbines, thus generating electric power.• 'canada is now considering three potential sites. Costs

may range from $1 billion for a facility that could generate800,000 kw to $3.4 billion for a plant that could generate2.5 miPion kw. A capacity of over 800,000 kw wouldexceed-the needs of that region of Canada. A larger plantmay allow export of some electric power to the UnitedStates.>.

Canadian officials believe that production could beginin the 1980s, but some technical problems remain to beresolved. For example, the difference between high andlow tides in the 'Bay of Fundy Is large for only 12 hoursa day. Conventional backup generating equipment maytherefore be necessary.

11,e Navy is investigating the feasibility of construct- ,ing a tidal power.stationat the NavalRadio Station. Cutler;'Maine. The technical, environmental, and economic aspectsof. a tidal power station in this area are being examined.

Interior Approves Oevelopmenl of Second OilShale lease ­The Department of the Interior (001) has approved thedevelopment of Tract C·a, located in the western part ofPiceance Creek basin of Rio Blanco County, Colorado,The Rio Blanco oil shale project, the second in recentweeks to be approved by 001, is being developed by Gulf'Oil Corporation and Standard Oil Company (Indiana), TheOccidental Petroleum Corporation and Ashland Oil Com'panYproject on Tract C·b was the first to receive approvalfor the resumption Ofdevelopment (SITREP No. 182). RioBlanco: plans to spend about $93 million on the projectthrough 198/. . .

DOtsuspended work on the project last year at the re­quest of the developers, primarily because of environ­mental;' legal, and technical problems. In December, RioBlanco will sink a 15,foot shaft to a depth of 900 feet.After completing the required access areas and other work,workers. wilt use explosives to break up the shale for the.first retort in April 1979. The retort will be a narrow vertl­cal. cave-like structure (30 X30 x 140 feet) in which theshale will be' pyrolized to recover oil. The first burn expert­ment is scheduled for July 1979.

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RepOrtNo. 181

APproved:1IttI! U---s-­

I V; M. SKRINAKCAPT,CEC,USNDirector, Navy Energy and

Natural Resources R&D Office

Peat May-Be --lmportaritEnergy-Source-- Recent researchand development have shown that peat could be an impor­tant fuel,' for electric power generation through a processkncwnas wet combustion. Techniques for gasifying peatare also being evaluated. lOT has reported that gasifyingpeat is both easier and less expensive than gasifying ligniteor subbituminous coal. Furthermore, -results of an eco- 'nomic analysisIndicate that, at an initial esttrnate of S2 permillion Btu, peat compares favorably with conventionalenergy sources.

The United States has known reserves of about 120 bil­lion .'oosotpeal 'hat, if converted,wou1d yield 1,'\40quads of energy. At least 42 states have peat deposits and,with the exception of Alaska, which has about 51 percentof U.S. peat reserves, most states have no other large,indigenous energy source. According to officials of theDepartment of Energy (DOE), peat has several desirablequalities. It has a low sulfur content, for example, and Itsextraction usually improves the agricultural value of theland.On the other hand, peat is bulky and has a high watercontent (around 90 percent). Since it would therefore beuneconomical to -transport, peat would have to be con­verted on site.

North Carolina and Minnesota, both of which have largepeat deposits, are conducting research and development ofpeat as an.energy source for use commercialiy. The NorthCarolina Electric Membership Corporation, which consistsof 28 electric cooperatives in the state, is planning a ISOMw electric power plant to be fueled by the direct COIn·bustiorr of peat harvested aroundthe plant site. Minnesota,with the largest reserves in the lower 48 states, is studyingpeat gasification. The Minnesota Gas Company is work­ing with DOE and IGT to develop a process for convertingpeal into pipeline-quality. gas, To date laboratory resultshave been premising; conversion rates and methane yieldshave been high•

coal and oil shale leasing, and will quite possibly requiredirect financial involvement.

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IUJS. Demand for Petroleum Up 6 Percent ... Ll.S, demandfot allpetroleum products averaged 17.9 million bbl/dayfqr the 4 weeks ending September 23. This represents a 6percent jncrease above 1975 and 7 percent above 1973lerels,acCordiog to the Federal Energy Administration.I,\,ports for all petroleum products for the same perioda."eraged 8.6 million bbl/day. This is an increase of 10 per­ee;nt over 1976 levels, 27 percent above 1975, and about34 percent above 1973. Crude imports averaged 6.5 millionbill/day for the period, more than 1I' percent above lastyeer. Gasoline demand during the 4.week period averaged7.0 miillon bbl/day, ora 3 percentincrease from last year,mjd residual fuel demand increased 15 percent over 1976wjthan average level of 2.9 mil1loo bbl/day. Distillate de­!TIllndjrlqre;ased8 percel,lt to an .average level of 2.7 millionblll/day, and demand for all other products increased 5 per·cert over 1976 levels tQ 4.8 millionbbl/day.

iS~dy Shows Z",olmportsPossible by 2000 -The us.cquld meet its energy needs by 2000 without importing oilby commercializing a synthetic fuels industry to produceth'e equivalent of 9.8 million bbl/day of clean gaseous andli4uid fuels from coal and oil shale.according 10 a study byIl\e Institute ofGas Technology (lGT). lOT examined thedevelopment of domestic resources that could graduallye~minate the need for oil Imports by 2000, while allowingfOl anincrease In domestic energy consumption nf 3.5 per­cent each year 10 1985 and 2 percent a year from 1985 102qOO. To end oil imports by 2000, lOT claims thai thempS! critical milestone would be thecommereial demon­stration iof flrst- and second-generation techniques forproducing high- and Iow-Btu gas, distillate-and residualftlels, solvent-refined coal, and"methanoLUtrder the lOT

.plan, direct industrial use of coal for other than centralp4wer generation would be limited to 250 million tons/year{.o~ roughly 70 percent above 1976 consumption) becauseof environmental. logistic, technical, and cost limitations.T~e plan calls for electric power generation to consume SOpercenr of primary energy sources (including hydropower,

. so,latatrd geothermal energy, and some oil and gas); theotp.er50percent would be splitequallybetweennuclearenergy and coal. lOT's assumption, about synthetic fuelsP~Qd1J~tionandeleC~ri_C power generation imply an increaseInidomesticconsumpticn of coal to more than I billionto1Ins/ye.ar by 1985 and about 2.3 billion tons/year by 2000.

. Developing a synthetic fuels industry would cost an esti­mated $242 billion in 1977 dollars, according to IGT. As~bslantial investment would also be necessary for the coalp~ocessing or clean-up requirements of coal fueled centralpower generation plants. lOT officials commented that itis lappareot that such a program as suggested in the studyWIll require massive .. federal assistance in terms ofregulatorytrfatrncnt, tax 'legislation, -water resource allocation, and

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~~Md weekiy for the ChfefQfNu~'Q1 OpenltionsbytheNavyEnergy and Natural Resources R&D-OffIce, NavafMalerltJl Commana Depart-nle-nt of the Navy;' WashinR'ton.D.r:. 20360 ". -

II 95

Coal Gasification Study, Bechtel Co~Jration, April1977, AD·A041 860/aWE.

oReport No. 188

F;!

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REPORTS OF INTEREST:

State-of-the-Art for Integrated Enefwlurlflty Sys­terns. Department of Health, Education.iand Welfare,February 1977, PB·269 684/7WE. ..Solar Heating and Cooling Technical; Data and Sys­tems Analysis, D. L Christensen, Alabama University,May 1977, N77-26611/2WE.

Potential Environmental Impacts of: Solar Hearingand Cooling Systems, T. J. Consroe,;F:, Glaser, andR. Shaw, Jr., Booz-Allen Applied Re~ealch, October1976, PB-259 970/2WE.

Feasibility Investigations of Growing'rmd Characteri­zing Gallium Arsenide Crystals in Rib~o!l Form, J. B.Berkowitz, Arthur D.. Little, Inc., July 1.975, PB·269587/2WE.

contract has stated that the l-year, S~oq,llOO effort willresult in a handbook detailing methodsfor tasting solarcollectors, as well as certification and ra:~in~ standards. Theproject's alm is to build on work don# qn standards forsolar collectors by the Department of ~ovsing and UrbanDevelopment (HUD); the American Sqci~ty for Heating,Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning; andiio!!'ers. The resultswill be used for all federal government r":igrams involvingsolar collectors. The standards program!;will be developedand implemented by a committee comprising representa­tives of the solar Industry, consumer jorganizations, theAmerican Institute of Architects Reso;ar';h Corporation,and the American National Standards liJstitute. The workof the committee will be monitored by \a federal oversightcommittee composed of' representatives] from DOE, HUD,the Federal Trade Commission, the~ational Bureau ofStandards, the National Aeronautics an~;Space Administra-tion, and the Department of Defense. .

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14 October 1977

Shale. Oil Project Funded -Occidelltal Petroleum Corpora­tion and the Department of Energy (DOE) have signed acooperative agreement on a $60.5 million in-sltu oil shaleretorting project, according to DOE officials. Under theterms of the agreement, DOE will fund 71 percent of theeosIN the two-phase, 53·month effort. The first phase ofthe project, which will cost an estimated $19.4 million,involves evaluation of two specific underground. retortdesignS at Occidental's Logan Wash site in Garfield County,Colorado. In the second phase, which will cost an estimatedS41.1CmilIion, the design found superior in the first phasewill §e.. tested in a demonstration plant to determine itstechnical feasibility. The phase two demonstration plant,located on the. Occidental-Ashland Oil federal Tract C·bin Rio' Blanco County, will produce about 2,500 barrelsof oil per. day. In addition to demonstrating technicalfeasibility, DOE and Occidental hope to clarify the poten­tial environmental hazards of modified in-situ retorting.This federally supported test is also expected to help giveCOmpanies the incentive to develop a full-scale commercialprogram.

This award completes the series of four negotiations forthe in-situ extraction of oil from Western shale, which be­gan with a program opportunity notice in February 1976.Thethree.other awards went to Talley-Frac Corporation;Mesa, Arizona; Equity Oil Company, Salt Lake City, Utah;and Geoklnetics.Tnc., Concord, California.

Standards to Be Set for Solar Collectors -DOE is preparingto sign 3 contract with the Solar Energy IndustrlcsAssocia­tion to. institute a testing, certification, and rating systemfor solar collectors. The technical project officer for the

Direct·Contaet'Binary-Cycle- Geothermal Power --SystemDemonstrated, .... A new type of geothermal power systemhas been demonstrated in a plant near EI Centro, California.The project is being carried out by Barber Nichols Engineer'Ing and DSS Engineers, Inc., under the direction of DOE's

. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. The geothermal systembeing; developed uses a new type. of heat exchanger in abipary.cycle process. In this type of direct-contact binary­eycle::-;:process, hot geothermal brines flow downwardthrough a cylindrical tank. The working fluid is introducedat the.bottom of the tank where it absorbs heat, vaporizes,and ll'ubbles up countercurrent to the flow of the brine.This ·ijeated gas then drives a turbine, thus producing elec­tricaltenergy. The cooled brine flows out of the tank andis reinjected into the ground to be reheated. DOE plans touse the direct-contact heat exchanger concept in a 500kw(e) pilot plant in 197$.

Navy geothermal sites may require binary cycles forproduction o[electricity, should resource assessmentsdictate.

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Prepared weekly for the Ch;ef~f Naval Operations by the Navy BnerllY and NutunJ/ Resources R&D Office, Naval Mare,.jp':gommamf D1!part.ment of tne Navy, Washington, D.C. 20360. "~,

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An' estimated 100 billion tons of coal in the UnitedStates are in seams dipping so steeply that the coal cannotbe mined with present technology. Gulf expects that about25 billion tons of that coal can be burned in-situ to producea low-Btu gas (150 Btu pet cubic foot) for commercial use.The first phase of the S.year project-sselection of a site ineither Colorado or Wyoming and preliminary environmentalassessment-will begin immediately; site characterizationand field development will start next summer. Field opera­tion and testing will be done through 1980, with large-scaletests of the process scheduled for 1981. The final stage willbe preparation of preliminary design and cost estimates fora pilq!·scale projectthat would include surface facilities forprocessing the gas for commercial use.

MIUS Integration and Subsystems Test Program,W. S. Beckman, et al., NASA.Houston, December1976, N77·26027/IWE.

Window Design Strategies to Conserve Energy, S. R.Hastings and R. W. Crenshaw, National Bureau ofStandards, June 1977,1'8·269 29718WE.

fh-$it!! Coal Gasification: Status of Technology andEnvironmental Impact, N. P. Philips and C. A. Mueta,Radian Corporation, May 1971, PB·268 576/6WE.

1REPORTS 01' INTEREST

/1ItIL -/; .d...

Alternative Petroleum Based Fuels [or Naval Fleer Us'age: Potential Availability, Cost and System Impact,L, M. Cohen,G. R. Offe,n, and L. M. Schalit, AcurexCorpo;ratio:'l, June 1977, AD.A041 980/4WE.

Thermal Stability of Some Aircraft Turbine FuelsDerived [rom Oil Shale and Coal. T. W. Reynolds,NASA Lewis Research Center, June 1977,N77·2S34S/8WE.

Approved:

OilIShale Accord Signed - The U.S. Navy's Energy andNatural Resources Research and Development Office(MAT·08T3) and the Oil, Gas, and Shale TechnologyDiVision of the Department of Energy (DOE) have signedan interagency. agreement to conduct an oil shale researchprogram. The principal objectives of the 60·month programareito (I) produce shale-derived military fuels in sufficientquantities for meaningful operational testing; (2) producesuch fuels under commercial refining conditions; (3)acc~mulate data on the extraction technology, processingreq~irements, yield, economics, and other parameters thataffect the utilization of domestic crude shale oil as afeedstock for military fuels; (4) determine the operationaland hardware compatibility of shale-derived fuels in rnili­tary sy~tems; and(5) d~t~rmin<:,theextent to.which currentfuels and system specifications should be modified to bestutilize fuels derived from crude shale feedstocks.

~tis estimated that the cost to DOE for performance ofthe] required work will not exceed $15,000,000. (DOEfUll,lls are not yet allocated under this new agreement, butshould be soon.) The initial IlOE funds to be providedunder this agreement will be utilized in support of theongoing joint DOD/DOE 100,000·barrel shale oil researchan~ development project. This project involves refining andtes$1g military fuels derived from 100,000 barrels of crudeshale oil being produced at the Naval Oil Shale Reserves inColorado (SITREP Nos. 144, 170, and 183). Under thisinitial project, DOE is providing technical support and R&Ddirection to the Navy, The Navy, as DOD's agent forsynthetic fuels R&P, Is serving as the contracting agencyand' as ptojectdirector. Subsequent projects under thisagreement will inY'llve acquiringand refiningcrude shale oiland' testing fuels derived from syncrudes produced usingvarious technologies.I . . .

NJ" Ge~thermal Update' -DOE drilling at the CosoGeqthennal Area has progressed since the exploratory drill­ingplans were approved (SITREP No. 174). DOE has esti­mated that the potential capacity of this resource mayexceed 4,000 Mw of electric power. The well bore haspassed through three fracture zones. The second fracturezo~ produced fluids at a rate of 90 barrels per hour withan estimated bottom hole temperature of 300· F. The well,no~ about 3,000 feet deep, is passing through a hardgral)ite zone. It appears that the .major hydrothermalreservoir has not yet been penetrated.

'!Vorkhas been completedIn the geothermal area atAdak, Alaska. Two heat-flow holes have been drilled andare being instrumented to measure the temperature gradient.

·n~pu~u "~"I"'YJ"'" ",e- v ..~iOf Naval Operations fly the Navy energy and Natural Resources RlkD Office, Navel Material Comman.d D~p1Ji't·

me~t ol tile Navy. WiJshin~ron, n.c. 20360

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fiC'" !'i,i:i otSilvcr Sprin9. MiJ it; 1917 Bu::int\;t Ptlb!i'~hf'tr!i, Inc.

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SENA,TE FINANCE COMMITTEE' S ENERGY TAX BILl. contain$ no~e of the punitive taxes thatPre~ident Jinmty Carter had wanted; only the benefits were included and expandeddramatically. Most significantly, the bill would grant businesses, :churches, localgov~rnments, Charitable organizations and hospitals an additional 40% tax cr.edit (inaddition to the e"istin£l 10% credit) for convertiniL~.~·.",b;;;o~i'71:::er.::. to a fuel other than oilor gas. Intended primarily for coal conversions, it would apply equally to solar ora fliel from biomass. Houseversi~n lacked this big an illcentive.Also approved was.theI30% credit for the first $2,000 and 20Zon t~e next $8,000 spent by homeowner~forlsolar installations, fora total possible credit· of $2,200, slightly higher thanthe!House version. Also approved was a 10% credit for equipment to convert biomass(and other substances) into fuels, for other solar equipment; and a 10% dep;Letional1clwance fer eq\lipment ·!:ochahgepe<lt. into fuel.I . .SOL4R COLLECTOR PRODUCTION CONTINUEO TO RISE during the firSt six months of 1977,butlnot by qllite as much as it'. had been cl:tJabing in the previous six menrhs , ac-ecorqirig co the latest figures fcolll Depaz-cment; of Energy. Ac<::ordingto still incolll~

pleti,e analysis, SEIR has learned production '!"ose another 50-60% over .the first sixmon~hs of the year to about 1. S..roillion sg. ft.

I . . ***I' .' . . .•..!NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS GOES TO WORK THAT COULDcLEAD TO CHEAPER SOLAR CELLSI Theoretical stlldies of the way electrons can be localized in dis9rdered, amor­

pho\ls ",aterialsthat may lead to extraordinarily inexpensive solar cells nettedthree solid sta~e ?hysic1sts th~Nobet Prise for Physics. PhiliPW, Anderson, con­sulting director in physical research division at Bell Telephone Labor.atories andsirF,eVill Mott of Cambridge University; England, share the award with John H. VanVleqk of Harvard University, whose work wes in the field of centralized magneticmom¢nts,. atomic~sized magnetrs that remain fhed at a particular site in a metal.

i Ander-son exp.Laf.ned , "l;1J.at my work consists of is clas"i.fying two kinds of situ­atidns:.,: one inwhichthee,lectrons Cal! move freely in the whole of the irregularmatJrialar,d the order inl-1h;l.ch the al.ect rons are pinned down, or Loca'l.Laed, in onepar~icuiar place." According to tl1e Royal Swedish AcadeI;ty, a 1958 paper by Anderson"ha~ be.;ome one of the cornerStones in oui: underStanding of, among other things, theeledtronic conductiVity of disordered systems." .

! Anderson added, "People are also using my work in the field of amorphous semi­conductors... If we can understand how these devices work, it will undoubtedly leadto Jew advances in thesciencOl of optically seusiti.ve d.",ices, such as solar cells."Twolareas of research in amorphous semiconductors arOl being investigated. Chalco­gen:rlde glasses, one of the area~, contad.n large quanti ties of sulfur, seleniu~or

tel~urium, the chalcogen elelllents. Other area is amorphous silicon. Here, StanfordOvsl1insky, <::hail1nan of Energy Conservation Devices, Inc., Troy, Mich., created astit in the photovoltaic field with his predictiollS of the availability in a fe"yeats of large sheets of solar cells with efficiencies of 10% and betcer for 10¢ perPOlak Watt or lower (SEIR, July 11, 1977, p, 147) •........-L.. .. . ~ ~ _

sOL4R E~~CF:Gy"iNfELLlG~NCE REPOR'Ti(J{;:udir.9 Soler En­ergv Y'/t'l!ihrnMOn Letter and S;)I<11" En,Jrgy Jlldustry nuport, !OJ nub­llshed .... ',;>0\1(;)1 b'l Business PUjH:l~lt"r;j. Inc.. fl,C, BOA 103', 511;.',11

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PaC7e ?1?~ • q ~-'" SOfJ..Ai~ EiJEfi:GW inrelUgence. report October 17. 1977

. HUD ANNOUNCES I~AJOR CHANGES IN CYCLE FOUR RESIDENTIAL SOLAR HC DEMONSTRAiIONS Cc

Fourth cycla of the Residential Solar Demonstration Program has been annoupc~d

by Department of Housing and Urban Development, and several. key changes have be~nimade in the integrated projects' submfsadon criteria to be published next month•..As with previous cycles, applicants will have about eight·weeks to submit appliFa~tions, Which will be due in mid-January. Awards of about $8-million totalprob~bfYwill be announced in mid-March.. j '.'

Solar grant" will: (1) be made only fOl: systems in ~omp1iance with HUD Min!-mlnnProperty Standards Supplement; Solar HeatiI1l: and,Domestic Hot Water Systems (SE~R;Sept. 26, 1977, p. 218); (2) be made only fOr residential units representative pf:the major portion of the market; (3) be limited.to $230,000 for any individual ~rp­ject; (4) be evaluated according to their ac:hievement of significant reductions[c in .cost per million Btu used in first year of system op~ration over the $300/milli9nTBtu lE"7el used as cutoff in Cycle' Three; (5)' be limited in private rental hO"sij18;.applications .to 60% of the solar package eOf,t in projects not individually mete'r"e~;(6) be made to public housing projects only if they have been presold so that p~rfi­cipants shall; have been pre-identified and a firm fixed-price shall have been e~t:fh­

lished; (7) be made for single-family retroHt projects only if these are partpf'a larser redevelop::nent or rehabilitation plan; and (8) continue to pay the.diffrr~nce

in cost between a residential unit with sohr and an equivalent unit with a conye~-

tion;ll Systenl. . '.. .' •• •Grants ~ill not: (a) be made for sillglE~family domestic hot water systems;i(~)

be encouraged. from previous cycle grantees; (c) be made to individuals for. theitprivate homes; (d) be m~de to build~rs or dE~elopers of for-s~leprojects that ~~tebeen pre-sold; 0 .. (d) pemit changes unless requested' by Hun. . .• . .1

~'or in~ormation, contact; Hun Sol~r, Rm, 8158, HUn, Washillgton, D.C. Z04l0(.1

* * * ..SOLAR RETAiL, CATALOG STORES STARTING UP' AROUND COUNTRY, BUT NOT WITHOUT TROUBL~S;

Solar retuil and·cat~log salas stcres, Which began opening in significant *uW-. bers.around the country only in the last few years, h~ve be~n trying to gain a ~ighein the market; withou/: having to be closely a.ffiliated with a manufacturer. Most ••'are new enterprises, but some such pompanies.hava been in business for dec~des a,ngonly recently nave added sol~r products to their stock. .

801<1e stores reported],y are in trouble. Partnerships have been strained attfaSol~r Store, Inc., Mastic, N.Y., but although their telephone h~s been disconne4t~d.the company is trying to continue to conduct business. Washington, D.C.'s Sky IsFalling also has 'hed its troubles and may not survive. However, Sky continues ~o::

get numerous inquiries and is busily filling o.rders. Neither stores' manager c<;lu1dbe reached for comment., . ... H

Federalcgrants program to hom~owners for purchase of solar equipment bas bJeAthe "Midas t6uch in reverse" for Don Kent Solar Heating Supply Co. in Weymouth, •..Mass. ,store manager Ma1.'ilyn Strauss told SEIR. Solar retailers in the Northeast. cannot:sell or evenLake deposits from recipients for lUJD's $/+00 solar grants, Strauss :Is~id,until a list.'of approved systems, expecced in Janua,ry. is released. Strauss said!the store has. had to expand and rely on sales from insulation and wood stoves a1-though HtTD grunt recipients come to the store to look at sol~r equipment. '

But for many solar suppliers,sales have increased dramatically. Solar Us~g~

Now, Inc., located in a solar~heated warehouse-store cmnplex in Bascom, Ohio, i~

one example of a solar success story. . Co-founders Joe Deahl and Jim Van Valkenbux:gstarted in 1973 with a.thin catalog of solar products, but sold mostly books anq'novelty items. In fact, 90% of their sales were of "gimmicky" solar products. •••

Not so today, says Deahl. Busin~ss'h~s ste/i-dH..y increased since the begin~i1}gof this year. They are now selling a 60:30 rado of· novelty items to serious sqla,rapparatus. SUN, Inc., is now producing.a 176-page catalog, sporting products w~t~

buyers from l',aine to Florida to 'CoLor'adc , Deahl says he cannot attrib:.tte the j\*"~in business d:!.rectly to r ecent tax incentives proposed by the Carter Adrninistret;io:n.Rather, he .said, good weather and long weekends have more to do \~ith sales than;ilrlY­thing else.

Continued on falloNi,..;; page)

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SOLAR RETAILERS J\Nfl CATALOG'SALES OUTFITS GAINING ENTRY INTO WI,RKET (Cont.)I It was very tC)I;gh at fir!'t, Deahl aaLd, "We never went to a bank for a loan,

mail.nly because tlle7 would have thought the i.dea was too ridiculous." Although thecofupany is now grossing over $40,000 per month, Deahl claims there are still timeswhfm he doubts the sb.tbility cf the .solar business.

! • Deahl said the Hrm iSPtanning_toestablish re.t;,al1 outlets chrougbcut; thec0p..try and j-s setting up susto):'es in New England. SUN will act as product sup­pliler for the stores, but will not require that it be the stores' only supplier.suN only will ..ask that the new entrepreneur purchase a m1.nimtllll of 500 SUN catalogs.

I ,'.'' _ -- .• - - _ - ,- ,',', _ ,'- "'.,, ' " ,'" - - , _ - .Frpm there, all the retailer must do is pay SUN 5-10% of its profits.

'iDeahl and Ve.n Va1lcenberg hope to market SUN's concept nationwide, and perhapsso!,!eday, ~.nternation1?l1y; they feel, that solar is definitely on the way up. "Peoplearia f:l.riall:r realizing that these things really do work," Deahl said, "

'.. .! A"-Z Solar Prcducts , Minneapolis, Minn., is another catalog-sales solar companywhbse financial position is "definitely improving," spokeswoman Lee Tilton told SEIR.Their new catalog will have goods from 75 retailers, about half of them additionssihee the llistcatalog but all of them companies that contacted A-Z on their own.rethaps in the futu,e, Tilton said, A-Z will seek. out suppliers.

! Ha,joritj' ofth", sales remain in "demons::ratcr" goods like reflective materialsanaiu·books. But some of the better-selling items include ·an outdoor solar grillfo~ $45 and a solar cigarette lighter for $1.98. Cbl1ector components are ~o.ng,., "j ...... , ... " -,".'",;,','_ ...'....:. "";';"""·H'_:\_,.. .:",. .... .. ... '._'.' ,'_; ,.,':' _', .. -"" , ::',: '/ ;"','_",_ .. ,'/the slowest-selling items, she "aid.

),.J .......I .', ... _. ~dmundSCietltificl Sunspot Solar Products .' .

'! Edrnurl.d Scie:ntin,c C:o.,Barrington, N.J., is another cata;log-sales out£1.t, butI,.. .. ., .. " ', .. : .. " .. , ', .. ,,'.. .. ........ .'

itl also carrias '" wide variety of medical, astronomical, weather, optical and photo-grkphic equipment. In operation since 1942, it has carried solar energy-related pro-d 'f:'. 1 . '.. utts :ors~~eravea~s. .I .UrttHrecently,it soldSolal"is collectors, built by Harry Thomasbn. However,bYi

'mutual. 8gre.<?ment th.8.t left "nobody unhappy, "marketing offici.~l Bob Gallagherto d SiUR,tha.t was dropped. Thomason's books and design plans~ain a big seller.Ot~er popular s<:>lar items include photovoltaic panels made by Solarex Corp., fresnellenses, conting up to $3,000, solar cookers, reflectors and windmills.

I~Gal1~~.gh~r de:Jc:cibc;d the'solarc.atalog.... sales market as one of '''slow growth, butI thirtl;; it it' aha,o.:Lth"? growth. Sales also are up in Edmund's telescopes and otheropj:ics equi;:mant us ,·'ulastheir highly popular magnets.

I After s,r':ll ye.arof op~:r,:-tion, Sunspot SolarPf~duc~s, ~nc., inCarrboro, N.C.,is/doing weli. tor a small Southern business, co-owner ~~ry Jane Meeker told SEIR.

. Su~.sPQt t s b;:~8t 8~158 e.rein wood stoves and solar _domestic hot 'wate:r syste.ms, _Meekersa.id; and e17.', ft-.:st four months of this fiscal yearl)ave seen dramatic sales comparedto I-last' 'yea:-' Bto·t~l, she -noted.

[ Las t; vear; Sunspot sold 50 .Io t.u'l, c:9.st-iron "wbbcf stoves, costing $260~$8S0, butI.'· '. , ,th~ finn has sold about 45 stoves since July, Heekersaid. Sunspot only :l.ristalled s;.}'resid¢ntial dcmas!::tc 'hot "rater syctiems and one domestic space'heating system. last7e~r,a.ccord1.ng~o1:1ep.ker, who no t ed that the ~5,000-8,000 price range might be al'lsj or .d etf,l"l:"nt.. Dcpar tment; of Housing and Urban Development I s $400 resid'ential solargr<h...."1ts·"for hom~~,;~"~1. •.:~r.s only went to Northeastern states, M2aker .added ,i Sunsp"'t is co!:t:1,~c.Hng with three par-tLcIparrt s of HUn I s solar grant program fornC~7 resid"nc£.s. '·,,'C·Lor conunentied that she t hf.nks the program is having trouble be­ca~se of in&'scrY rather than from government, noting tl)at she only expects one ofth~ projects to get off the ground because of financing problems. Sunspot probablywill be inal:al1:1.ug the'systems in a three-unit apartmertt complex planned by one of

! - ',.. " '." .

tr.;), HU:O pao:d"ipa'·lt3, !-leek",r add.I Meanwb.:L~.8:> ot~!e1.·$olarstores areget-ting notLced , Friends, o~ the Sun, "Brattle­

Doto, Vt., ccndcct" teachings on solar energy for homeowners; Solar Center, San)?r~,,",,'1ciscO~ CEt1.i:L, 9'pe.ciali~~es lrfdesign .. installation andeqriipment sales; and HomeE·~1eT.gy C(~n,.:er-.,l;::..c , , ae~dlU3.tn,Hass., car-rLes energy conservation products and r ents:ttt;~ Qffic0.s out; t:o azchd t.ect;s aridenginee}:,8sFeciA.li:~ingin alternative energy.An9 anotheL store has opened in Columbia, Md.) which offers a variety of solar goods

, 'bl" "and pc 1.Ct!.,:J.\,ins..I 101

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October 17, 1~77

BRITISH ENERGY FUTURE PREVIEWED; ROLE FOR TIDAL, SOLAR, WIND ENERGYIn an evaluation of potential contributions from .alternative energy f01~s; . I

British Undersecretary of Energy Alexander Eadie says solar, tidal and wind en1rgy .could proYide the United Kingdom the energy equivalent of 40-million tons ofcqa~,

or 12% of current yearly energy consumption by the turn of the century. Eadie:f.Tld:r.-cates that the1argestcontriblltion coul.d come from tidal power. :.:

Main use of solar energy in the short and medium term in U.K. is in provi4;1ll;g.low-grade heat for space and water heating, Eadie said. Therefore, initial th~~~t

of national solar research is in improving the cost-effectiveness of solar panet~and systems,and in getting detailed insll1ation data for, llrban areas, he noted.!

In. the longer term, Eadie said, biocorr~ersionmay be a major means of harn~~s­ing ~ergy.Initia1 research in this area is directed toward learning whether f~f­

fieient land. can be set aside for growth of energy crops, Eadie said. Also, applti­cat:!.on of photovoltaic technology in the U.K. is seen to be. mainly in instrumenta'~tion and associated fields, rather than for large-scale power production,accor~ingto Eadie... . '. . ii il

As for w~nd energy, Eadie said the total contrihution from this SOllrce wo~ld:

be relatively small because the number of suf.zabl.e hill sites is limited. Howejr",:r,Br:!.tain has one of the most suitable s:!.tes in the world for use of tidal power in·the Severn Estuary, Eadie sa:!.d. Tr:!.a1 tests are scheduled for th:!.s fallon SCale'models of a raft_type wave extrracndon devf.ce , the Cockerell raft, and a van-typ,e,'dev:!.ce, the Salter Duck (SEIR, Dec. 20, 1976, p , 208). . .:i "

Indicating economic contribut:!.ons by year 2000 from altemat:!.ve ·energy sOufc~sare likely to be low, Eadie sa:!.d much w:l.11 depend on the rate atwh:!'ch techno10gi¢scan be introduced, as well as costs of conventional E:!nersy. ,~,,"",,-

*.;~ *\/ELSEWHERE IN THE NEWS

ALABk~~~- Soutbern P~i1way Co. has installed sola~ devices to power crossingsif1ip"ls in. Jackson, Ala. Railroad off:l.dals say solar units have demonstrated Fhr­cost:seVingspossib1e in remotE:! locations where ....C·power is too expens:!.ve. Coml'apyis now. studying more uses for solar inc1udiIIg powE:!ring remotE:! miorm,ave relaystations.

DEN¥~K -- International Ene~gy ....gency has sa:!.d this nation is probably doingthe best all around job of any of the industrialized nations in cutting energywaste!. Nine experimental houses in Skive, whic.h use solar and wind energy" are:; a:good 'exalllple of the emphasis on ccnservatLon, Wind turbitle designer Torben Esbenaen .aCknow.. ledges that few people would want to live in houses with windmills on top. .but;he thinks th'.!· eXi'eriment could lead to development of a com1llunity windmill p~od1;lc;;'n..&.hot wilter to heat about 30 homes. ,:

~SRA~L -=-Technion Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Haifa has developed?new s~stein fOJ~EOll~ctinR solar energy for domestic space heating and cooling apd,hot W:ater. c;c7st'll!l represents maj or advance in solar technology because it can heat.~!!!:{ to a _t'7':E"rature of 2000 C. System, based on a stationary c,,-ncavc reflector'.fitted wi.th acIDobile absorber, uses a f:!.xed mirror bowl, covered with reflectingaluminum sheets and has a small tracking absorber. Ge:Lshon Grosslllan of Techn:lonworked with Frank Kreith of University of Colorado. "

~APAN-~ Government has announced plans to participate in three InternationaiEnergy Agency cooperative research agre6nents concerning devc10pment of solar e~ergy

systems for heating and cooling. Japanw:l.ll jo:!.n.projects to study overall hea~,

eff:l.c:!.ency, durability and other aspects of solar heating and cooling systems; \,0'study individual performances of different systems ;,,:nd to test. the heat COllE:!CVIfgpene1s~ Meanwhile, National Ministry of.lntern'7tiq~lTrade & Industry plans tel i

creatE:! a Solar System Industrial Affairs Committee tp study domestic demand and,w~ys

and means of popularizing solar systems and a180to check comparable systems abro~d.

NETHERLANDS -- Dutch researchers are ex~rimenti!1g with wind _tur~ines. as 0"le'of many a1ternatiye energy forms it hopes can replace dwindling natllral gas sup~l+es,

expected to run out by about year 2000. However, windmills are provokil1:[.ed.tiei~"l

from envircrunent"lists who no ce difficulties with usLng them on a large seal". ·.W1,nd­";;;ills create _lan>;e demands [or land; and about; 500 of them woul.d be needed. to r'W1aceone e1.cetr.ie pover p.l.en t , one gov~rnmento£f.:tcial:,complained .., . .,. r .. · "102'·,' .,

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'.:0:n~~~*o~ 17. 1977 Page 235

(NOAA!RESEARCHERS TO TEST EFFECT OF 'CLOUDS, AEROSOLS ON SOLAR RADIATION

!Systematic measurement readings to determine the effect that clouds and aero­sols1have on incoming solar radiation ~illbe undertaken by National Oceanic andAtmo~pheric Administration this year, the agency has announced. NOAA researchersplan!totakemobile laboratories to four western locations to measure solar radia­tionland certain optical effects of clouds and aerosols that could affect the amountof sqrrlight reaching the earth;' . ..••.• .'..: . .'. . . '

NOAA said the goal of the stientistsis to establish a computer model with whichthe amount of sunlight reaching a give~ site could be calculated from ~eather data."Sucq a model would also .enable solar engineers to predict the effects of increases

.in pollution," NOAA said, "or a change in climate at a proposed solar-power plant site."!Coordinated by NOAA's Wave Propagation Laboratory, work will focus on Colstrip,

MontJ; Boulder and South Park, Colo.; and Point Mugu, calif. Sites were selected torepr~ent a wide variety of geographical areas and climate types within the rr.s.NOAA1said testing will continue next year at several different sites. Study is fundedby De,parbnent of Ene:rgy and Environmental Protection' Agency••.

* * *OTHER BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY NEWS

lAlitc:d.eanHel1othemal Corp., Denver, Colo. ,has released operating results forits first full fiscal Year,ended June 30, 1977. Sales increased to more than 600%oftl1ose of the' plZevious year, while the r.eported net loss totaled $136, 500 on reve­nues '.of $811,000 or 0.01 pe:r share of common stock., Presidertt B11l Phillips termedthe rce~ultsae "greatly encouraging," and attributed much of the firm' s,improved finan­cialyosition to its success in securing Federal grants for solar installations. Inthe finll's ..start-up..year, there was a net loss of $88,500 on revenuesof'$134,000.

~riends of the Earth consulting engineer Amory LOVins told a group of petroleumengineers last week the U. S. is at the croasroads between developing tra.ditional energysour~es, 'such as coal and nuclear, and research into the renewable energy sources, in:­c1udi'ng sola!',~lind a..d geothermal power. LO'linssaid that: replacingoi! and naturalgae ~it.h coal and nuclear power, instead of switching ee. the "sofe' energy sources,Vill jeause Jl1oreproblezllsthan it will solve.

National Aeronautics ~ Space Adminictratiort's L~wis Research Center, in coopera­tion yith National Weather Service and Department of En~rgy, will install six new'$olar;-cell-pow"red weather !!tations to impJ;ove weather forecasting and !!tOtlll predict­ability. First' in a series 9£ 38 new automatic weather statiorts developed by NationalWeather Service, the six st":tions ,~ill be located. at Clines Corner, N.M.; LoggerheadKey, rIa. r Hal£',lay Rock, He;;. South Point, Ha..laii;Po:!:nt Retreat, Ala.; and Stratford'Shoa~s, N.Y •. NASA said thesolar~cell-poweredunits require no fuel or perjodic main­·tensnee, and are designe1 to operate uninterrupted for years in remote locations; Inaddit!ion. said Lod!! Rosenblum, chief of the Solar llnd Electrochemistry Division atNASA-Lellis, the systems should prove to be half as expensive as thermo-electric gen~r­

ator~. Designated as Remote Automatic Meteo~ological Observing System (RA.~OS), eachstat~pn(~i11 l:eporttemperat'~re, dewpoint, wind speed and d~!:'ectiol1, Larome tric pras­sure fand.hollr,l:;" precipitation r ead'ings to forecast offices via radio, satelli.te ortelep\hon<'i. System design for RAMOS was provided by NASA-Lewis under DOE's Photo­voltaic Energy Conversion Program.

Nyle Laboratories, EI Segundo, Calif., has been awarded $253,860, under formerEnergrResearchand Development Administration programs, to supply research and engi­neering setvices in the development of performance standards and test procedures forsola~heating and cooling equipment.

Neiman~Marcus Co....., Dallas, Tex., has added "his and her" windmills to its .chfcgifts'! for the well-to-do; "In an area with average wind velocity of 12 mph (Boston,for ekample), her windmill would generate more than enough wattage. to brew. her morrt­ing cpffee, Benedict an egg,heat her hair rollers, soothe her psyche with stereo,and g'ive h~'t bronze beauty while she relnxe!'3 unde r vche sun Lamp, II the cataloguce.x­plain~. Accor.ding to the catalogue, the "hts" ~... indmill provides .energy fer moremascuIlina a.ctlvlties ~ Store vice presldent Rf.char'd Marcus s af.d , til don f t know howlole pl%:Ju to show chem.." Ca t aLogue COll1t~S w:tth nc w1.ndmill 'rictures~ HEut they existforrt~a,l.H Heradmf t t ed, though, that iteu~s Iior.:displayed uBt\ally" do not sell lH.dl ..

103

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-T--~---

Oct2be); 17 :i~1L~ \; ,

-GRANTS AND CONTRACTSDepartment of Energy (through.former Energy Research and Development Achnin"rs­

tration programs) has awarded Franklin Institute of St8teof Pennsylvania, Ph11~del~

phia; Pa., $39,000 for self-controlling, self-pumping heat circulation sYstem"s~udy;

Solar Control Corp., Boulder, Colo., $91,476 for development of a novel contr91*er;University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, $59,495 for methods of redqc:lmgheat losses from flat plate solar collectors; San Diego Unified School District. SanIHego, Calif., $392,740 for integrated solar heatillg, cooling system for Ulliv~r~1ty

City High School; . iiDOE (under former ERDA programs) has also awarded Princeton University, l"r~nce­

·ton, N.J., $134,125 for development and applications of photosensitive device;m~chan­

isms to biological cbservatdcns ; Kaman Sciences Corp", Colorado springs,Colo'!';$120,000 for complete development of potentiallY marketable solar-assisted opt:l'~ized

heat pump system for new or retrofitted residential and commercial bUiJ,dings ~ri"iseven...co~on·nominal sizes; Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa" $45,000 fo~ foamsea solar power plant; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, }!ass.",.$1,282,900 for planning and analysis for development of photovo1taic energy c~vr-r­

sioll systems, and!!!!, Cambridge, $73,100 for design methodologies for energy popser­vation-andl?assive heating of buildings ut:llizing improved building components!;Minnesota Minin:>, and Manufacturing Co", St. Paul, Minn., $176,270 for thermoe1!aCtricmaterials ~valuation program•

. Department of Housing and Urban Development has awarded Americen Institute OfArchitects RMearch Corp., Washington, D.C.. , $407,380 for general consultation"; and­technical .evalua,ti"n services for solar energy systems'-

* * *CALL FORBIpS AND PROPOSALS , ,.

. . JnvEostil\ation ofW;tnd--P6w'!i--icr"iiycfro~1Generatinf; System: Interested firm~?reinvited to submit 'luillificationsllnd exper:Lence by Oct. 29. Information furni~hl=c:!

should. reference CFM/78-60011. For technical infor.mation, contiact ; Capt. Stroj;her(CEEDO) Hq AnTC/CNF, Tyndlll! AFB, Flil. 32403, (904) 283~4114. For contractual~irtfor­mlltiou, contact: Lt. Minter, R&D Contracts Directorate, ADTC!PPR, Eglin AFB, Fla,32542, (904) 882-287l, __ .This is _nQL~.request for prpposals. . ',.:.

!,re.l?"rAtion ofaStudv To· Determine the Feasibi'!ty Study of Us:l.ng Solar Energyfor the Px-o,.;oee'l 2/,00 Han USA..'l. Cel1ter, to b-a constructed at Fort Totten, N.Y.:" Sj;udywill include determination of five Separate life-cycle cost stUdies in order tq .assess the cost-effectiveness of convention.al heating and cooling systems and ~o~arenergy heaU:ng and cooling systems using standard flat plate collectors and mecl.ithn­temperature,high-efficiency collectors. Also, solar energy heating systems u~iri,g

standard flat plate collectors, and medium-·te;nperature high efficiency collectqrS;.Requirements:!.n<;lude technical capability, mechanical engineering" special qualifi­cations, ·~~eriellce in designing feasibility studies Ilnd design of solar euerg~ ~ys­tams. This will be a firm fixed-price ccntract , beginning Nov, 1, 1977, and crid~ng

Dec. 16, 1977, Anhitect-engineedng firms should submit a SF 255 by Oct. 22.; qtherinterested parties must submit two copies of SF 254 along wIth the SF 255. Coritaict,U.S. Army,EngineerDistrict, New York, 28 Federal Plaza, New York; N.Y. 10007•.,'

Highway Applications of Alternative Energy Sources: Department of Transpor~~~ion

is see.!dng to determine the potent.La.l, of varaous alternative energy sources for::application to highway facilities anq. to develop a guide to highway application,S 'ofalternative energy sources for highway engineers. Request for proposals will b~ ..issued on or about Oct. 19 and due Dec. 1. Requests for copies must be receive~pyNov. 14. Contact: DOT, Federal Highway Adm:Lnistrat:l,.on, Office of Contracts and" Pro-curement , Washington, D.C. 20590. "j';

Roof-Mounted Solar Collectors: U.S. Amy E~gineers, New York District, is Lookfngfor an architectural, mechanical or engineering firm to design roof-mounted cOlfeftors1:0 include plumbing controls and fan coil units for a ware!louse havtng a gross j'r,F'"of 85,624 sq. ft. Estimated construction cost of the structure, to be built atf ~prtDevens, Nass., r anges from $100,000. to $500,,000. Prior erperience with the des;Lgjl ofsole.r uAc.ting ays t ems is des-irable.' Contact:: U. S. Army Engineer ·District s- New ~ork,

28 J"e<leral Plaza, l'ie" York, N.Y.10007, or phone (212) 26!t·-90,10. ; :i. ·L04 '. '. . ' ""I'• :..,,' ; '-"':-:)"; ,J"',<.J

,I,

SCIE~JCE RESOURCES STUDIES= - - =·=S~,'·,>~~~:IF,;,·,I;,'~:u~,lli,;lir,1~,-:Gr,1'~~,;S~,·,:;\,'.. ~~~. rUJ til.'r: flf1l) b t' '. \BIlI/lIIIIliIlIIi!_I!IllIl'IIi'il:M\B!il!lIllllllEll!l!l!llml!i!i!lll@iI!l!l\I!Ill!_ iii ~.il· " Wi! U1 l,j.

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NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION ".~ WASHINGTON.d. t. 20550 • SEPTEMBER 311, 1977 0 NSF 7{320

,Defense and Energy Spur Federal R&D GrowthFrom FY 1974to FY 1978

14122o

Fed.ralP.&O obligations byfunttion.FY 1969, 1977 (est.) and 1978 (est.l

tBillionsofdollars)4 6 B 10

· OaiadisclJs:sed,befowaretaken from a forthcoming report: AnAnalysis of Federal R&Dfundingby'Function,fiscaIYears 1969·19~8. lhe,15 functional calegorje~ were chosen to make visibleth~: chief objectives reflected by R&Dprogr:mis in the 1978

· bupget.Data arcaddirive to 100oercoiv.endibus escb progrsmcan app&ar on'ly undef.rhe (unction that embreces irs primary

·purpose' and not under functions thaI retsteso secondarypurposes.

I Oiitilon R&D lundinj: by funclion JU' .I~ail;ihh,·lor.prior YNr\llntv b.lrl. In 1%<1A£nH.JIl' detaelIor t'.lFlrl·r ve.lr\ i~ nOl .Iv.lil.1hlt>.

• In lis,cal year 1978 Federal R&D obligations willamount to an estimated $26.3 billion, a figure 7.6percent above ,1977 but only a slight increase in realterms, assuming a- s-percent. rate of inflation.

• federaIR&() funding grew so slightly between 1969'and 1974that it represented.a decline Inreal terms,but between 1974 and 1978 the annual averagegrowth rate is 10.9 percent, or an increase of 3.4percent in .constant dollars.

• Between 1974 and 1978 most of the expansion (92percent) has been generated by gains in six leadingfunctional areas, especially those of defense andenergy. '

• In 1978 energy development and xonversson isexpected to grow by17 percent over 1977, more than'any major function. Science and technology basewill increase an estimated 11 percent, and defense.an-estimated 8 percent. Each of these functionsprobably will show a gain in real performance,

• assuming a 6~percent.inflation 'rate for the whole- economy..

01969&':l19nm1978IPresidcnt',shudQet

ttiCbngress)

SOURC£:Natio,nel Science Foundation

IMillions: ofdollarslo 200 400,600 600 1000

~t_l

'SCienceandtfchnology basD

TransportatioRalidcommunications

Naturel resOurcas~;

Energy,~evBlopm~nt .~,~' "andCDnYerSlOn..~

I

Environment

Edu~tion.•

fnceme securityand scelel servees

Area and tlJmrntJriitydevolopmolit, ·housing,

and public servicUsEconomh:: grOwthand: :productivity

hrtematnmalcoopera'tion and

development

Crime-,preventionand control

H.'~h.

The, other three leading functions-e-space. health.andenvircnment-r-all will probably reflect dedinesin tii" real-level of effort.

Of the next three largest R&Dfunctions transporra­'·tion,"and communications is also scheduled for anrapparent 1978decline in real terms, whereas natural~';resources and food. fiber, and other agricultural)productsappear to be scheduled for realincreases'following a recent period of significant growth.

•

•

(Prepar~_d in the Government· Sludi(''i Group. Diiti<;io~ o'j S(k·l1(~-;:Rc.'s{)urn·"S'lufiil''':

105

\ ~

",1, .. ~, ,n

,~ - :.;.;-.~._~----~....~--,..

11 16fast.1

,e/"

"'/"...rCivRian~ .ii

"".,-.......,.-'" - -:~i!

.",.. • Space_~ ,} ..~. - ,ltti··If·._II'ij-• ., -.- - - ••.•• -p - ,;•···..IIi.................. ;oII , I I , I 1 '. J I

1969 71 13 15fIScal yo...

SOURCE: Natronal Science Foundltiol

2

b-- .,..8' ~

c

6

R&D Programs by Function

.• Growth for national defense in 19,7811 is strong,accounting for more than one-half the iFe?eral R&Ddollar gain over 1977. Defense has also accounted forapproximately one-half of all Federal R&D~u~port in the19~9-78 period. The share of this function,jhqwever. hasdropped since 1972 when it reached a highpf $4 percent;the estimated share in 1978 is 49 percent.] "

The leading area. tactic'!!J programs, dCC~UQts for one­third of all defense R&D support in 197~. Trhis area isscheduled to grow by 17 percent inthe current budget toa level of $4.4 billion. In air warfare systems, -Yorkwill goforward on the Air Force F.16 and Navr F~18 fighteraircraft and accompanying air-to-air missi,lesi• Develop­ment will continue on VISTOL (vertical sh~rl !akeoff andlanding) technology. In land wa~fare' majordevelopments include the Army XM·' 1i'n~, the Ad­vanced Attack Helicopter (AAH), and thePatriot (SAM­D) air defense system. In ocean contrq!.if,the majordevelopment effort is the lAMPS anrisubmarme warfarehelicopter, ,Ii

Strategic program.'> are next in size. a"nd; these arescheduled to total $2.3 billion in 1978. thesajne level asthe previous year. A major development effo,\ is plannedfor the Navy Tridenr sea-launched ballistic Tjs~i1e system.

percent of the increase. Chief gains forthisWU9ction havebeen shown by high-energy physics and by researchproject support for a number of science disciplines. The1978 rise reflects a Presidential policy deci~~o";tosupportbasi, research at a level 3 percent ahead ~f i,nflation.

Other functional areas that have contributed to overallFederal R&D growth in the 1974-78 peri~d~re naturalresources, 3 percent of the total; food, fitler; and otheragrkultural products, 2 percent; and transportation andcommunications. 1 percent.

12

Irends in Federal obligations for de/ens). s~ace.and tivilian R&D programs:FY 1999pg;

IBilliollS ofdoll...)14 i i

to

• Between 1969 and 1978 an outstanding feature ofFederal R&D suppor.! has been the sharp rise inemphasis on _civilian R&D programs as comparedwith.defense and space; In' recent years, however,defense funding has grown, especially ,after 1974,andahhough space programs declined from 1969 to1974, a moderate risehas been recorded in the yearssince then.

Factors in Funding Changes

Fro",,)974 to 1978 an estimated $8.9 billion has beenaddedto the Federal R&D total, and most of the impetusto gro~thh~s~ome from national defense and energy,which',~ccount, respectively, for 44 percent and 2Spercent-of the total gain. In the 1972 budget, administra­tion policy was. focused on higher defense spending,followiPS a s-year period of no growth. 'This policy wassubseq~cntly reflected in defense totals, especially after1974. The effect on defense R&D efforts was somewhatdelayed; after significant growth in 1972, R&D supportdid not rise importantly until 1975 but has continued in apositive upward trend since then.

Growing concern about a national shortage of energywas heightened by the Arab oil embargo in the fall of1973. The Federal response was to Increase energy R&Dprograms sharply. Between 1974 and 1978 R&D fundingfor energy increased more.than 4V2 times,far more thanfor any other function. The energy function is now thethird most heavily funded area after, national defense andspace,

In the same period, 1974-78. funding for space has· contributed 7 percent of the increase in Federal R&D

obligations. With the phasingout of the Apollo programby 1973, the space shuttle became the chief focus of spacesupport. Not until 19751 however. did the increases' infunding for the space shuttle produce a rise in obligationsfor the total space function; a rise that has continued each- .year since that time. Even so, funding in 1978 is lower thanin 19G9~

Health has also accounted for 7 percent of the 1974-78Federal R&D gain. A Presidential policy decision in 1972

· agdedjmpetus to growing support to cancer research.which continued to rise every year thereafter. Additionalemphasis was placed on heart and lung research in 1974with -in~reases in most subsequent years. More recentlyother areas of biomedical research have gained impor-

· tant1y:'arthritis; metabolism- and digestive diseases;allergyand infectious diseases; general medical sciences;child health and. human development; and environ­mental health sciences.'

Environmental R&D support in the 1974-78 period,which makes up 5 percent of the overall Federal growth,covers aIarge 'number of program areas, The mostnotable of these are energy-related programs, a group ofenvironmental data andvmonitortng programs. andprograms in occupational safety and healthrRecentemphasis is on earthquake engineering and prediction.

Funding for science and technology' base has. risensignificantly in the 1974·78 period and accounts for 4

2

106

i\

v-

. ...,

Freier.1 R&D otillg.lllon,by funrtiQn:' final y(o..~ 1%9-78to(,naf~in millium!

E_lirrldl('d--------funclion ,,., 1970 1971 1'172 1971 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978

-~- --_..- --_........._-'--

iTola' .•. :•••..••..... , .•...•.••..••••••••••...•.•..• $15,641 SIS.NO $15.545 S16,4':l6S1f,,800 $17,415 S19.0ll $20,759 $24.465 S16;J17

Nalibnal Defense ..................... . ........ , ........-------

8.354 7,976 8,106 6,8')11 s.sse 8.975 9,621 10.34& 11.917 12,907SJN&.-,;·:'.->.:........ ....... . .................... , ......... 3.7)2 3,510 2,891 2.714' 2.601: 2.476 '2,511 2;863 isn 3,140EnerJy-dcyc-lopment aridconversion1 • ~ •••.• , .•...•.••• , •• aza '17 324 J8J 44' 60S 1.110 1.388 2.J90 2,798

He.{lh ..................... ,' ........................... 1.127 1,126 l,:U8 l,SS9 1,624 2;096 2.177 'J66 2.622 U.S][n\'ironment ,....... . ..............................• , ... 31S 35. '" SH 69' 69' 837 '" 1;101 1.'"Sci(!~c(! .arid lechnology ba~e .......................... , .... S1J 52S '" 601 60S . 695 "2 8ll] 95' 1.060traipOWilion andcommunic~lions •.............••.•... 45' S90 779 Gi<;;' "0 78' ." ." 769 80SNat~ral·res~rc6 ....... ....... . ... ........•.. . ..........• "" 23. 326 354 '41 34' 44S ", 547 6"foo4. fiber.,1nd other agricuhulal

Ed'::t::i~~ts.::::: .. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::22S 241 '47 291 297 '" '" 388 ... .88

155 '47 186 191 21. 173 '" '" '84 26'Inc~e sf!CUfilY.andsocial sevrees ...... " ..... , .. , ,,"' .• " '0& 128 125 '57 13. ,,, 133 15& ,,,Area' and community develnpmenl,hoinJng.

a@publk.sc,viccs ."..'................... .. st ".,

" " 102 ". 111 ".Etp~miC grQwthandproduetJvJty ,. .._ .... , .. ".".;" .. 56 80 " OJ 7S 72 " .. .. "_Inle~nillional cooperation anddt"eloprtli'nt '.~ ~ .. , ..................•................... 27 )2 " 29 33 lJ 30 45 53 71

l Cri~ prevention and ccmrcl ......... .. ................ S , " 2S as 3& .. " .. 44

1 ";&0 p!anle"duded.I Treinclusion af R&D planl obligations for ei'le;gy would add $267 million in 1976,

~'509~miUiOfl'in 1977. and $552 million in 1978.

Anbther is planned ·f6r the Air Force 0-1 cbo;"ber(procurement of which has been discontinued by thePr~ident while development goes forward). Full-scalede~elopment will begin on the Air force M-X lntercon­tin~ntal balllstlc mlssile. Two cruise rnlssiles-e-one NaVY,one Army--will continue in full-scale development.

t;echno/ogy base reflects planned growthof 10 percentto the $1.9 billion level in 1978.This is in line with a DODpol,!cyinitiated in the 1976 budget to reverse a real long­term decline.

'Qtelligenceilnd communiCatibns is scheduled for an11·percentrise to $1.2 billion to cover improvements incapabilitles in this area.

IIdvanced technology development will show anestimated 6~percent increase.

qefense.re/aled atoniic, energy programs, entirelyc0'1ducted by ERDA, are scheduled to increase 7 percentin 1978.

ej\'1 n'1978 the increase in funds directed tc space is notgreat enough to reverse thedownwatd trendin the shareof.t~is function in the Federal R&Dtotal. In 1969the shareW'a~24 percent, but in 1978 it's an estimated 12 percent.Spal;:e IS the only function to show lower funding in 1978tha~ in,1969.

Tre largest- program is the NASA space shuttle. onwhil;:h development wiJl continue. Another programwitH:inmanned space flight is space transportation system

. (Sr$) operations capability development scheduled for afivefold increase in 1978. Under space sciences largerela;\ive increases are planned for physics and astronomy.intlpding the start of development by NASA of a 2.4­meter space telescope. A Jupiter orbiter/probe will alsobe initiated in 1978.

• ~Gains in energy development and conversion havebeep unprecedentedly high for a major function ever

107

3

NOTE: Detail mdynot add to tO'als because of rOlfndiilj:l.SOURCE: National ScjenCcFOLin~atian.

since 1974. From 1969,74 the average annual growth ratefor this function was 13.0 percent: from 1974-78 anestimated 47 percent. In 1978 the dollar gain will accountfor more than one-fifth of the total federal R&D dollarincrease. As a share of Federal R&D orograrns those inenergy have grown from 2 percent in 1969 to anestimated 11 percent in 1978.

In 1978 n"clear program, make up more than one-haltof the energy total.As a group theyare scheduled for ats-percem increase. Among them conslderable growthis shown for ERDA fuel cycle R&D, NRC reactor safetyresearch, and ERDA laser and magnetic fusion programs,but obligations for the ERDA liquid metal fast breederreactor are down.

Nonnuclear programs as a whole reflect ats-percentincrease. Among these fossil energy shows no growthbecause of lower emphasis on the ERDA coal utilizationprogram, but ERDA solar energy development shows arise of 9 percent and ERDA geolhermal energy develop'menta rise of 60 percent.· Conservation programs arescheduled for an 88-percent increase. Chief among theseiswork by ERDA on end-use conservation.

• In 1978 the growth for health R&D programs is soslight (2 percent) as to reflect a decline in the real level ofeffort. Obligations for 1977 were high because of theeffects of a congressional override of the President's vetoof-the 1976HEWappropriatiol1 mldwayin the flscal year;this caused an increase in obligations that continued intofiscal year 19n. Over the longer term. funds in the healtharea have grown substantially: the' average annualgrowth rate from 1969"78 is 10.1 percent compared with6.0 percent for all Federal R&D programs, The share ofhealth in the total has rlsen from 7 percent in 1969 to anestimated 10 percent in 1978.

Biomedical research accounts for 9 out of 10 healthdollars. A gain of 3perccntis shown for t~is.subfuhCtion.

;'':.~.\,.

Most work is carried OUI by the National Institutes ofHealth (HEW). Institute programs showing real growth in1978 are general medical sciences, allergy and infectiousdiseases, aging, and 'environmental health sciences. .

• Environment reveals a slight decrease in 1978 as atotal area. Until 1978, however, this function has shownvery strong growth: between, 1969~74 an average annualgrowth rate of 17.1 percent and between .1974-78 acomparable rate of 12.2 percent. The share of environ­menl in the Federal R&D total is 4 percent in 1978against2 percent in 1969.

Environmental health and safety issheduled for as­percent rise, chiefly influenced by ERDA's environ­mental R&Defforts.Pollution controland ~nvironmental

protection, will receive adecrease tof 9 percent} for thefirst time, largely resulting from declines in EPA waterquality and energy-related environmental control pro­grams, which were notoffset by a large increase in ERDAnuclearmater.ats securuy efforts. A 4-perce'nt rise inunderstanding, describing, and predicting the environ­ment is influenced by the large expansion of Interiormapping of earthquake geologic hazards and NSFearthquake engineering programs.

-Science and technology base maintained fairly levelfundins,until1974 when significant increases began to beshown. In 1978 the rise is an.estirnated 11 percent. From1969-74 average annual growth of 6.2 percent wasrecorded: from 1974-76, the growth is ,11.1 percent, Theshare. within the Federal R&D total has grown from]percent in. 1969 to 4 percent in 1978.

The largest individual programs within this functiqn­high-energy physics (ERDA)and basic energy sciences(ERDA)=both reflect substantial increases in 1978 asdo a

-c..-l " ".",,_ .,

number of research support programs of :N~~. notablythose in material." physiology, cellular and ,:molecularbiology, and behavioral and neural sciences."

• Transportation and communications is, e~pllcled togain by 5 percent in 1978, a decline in real performanceoverall," This function has grown, during] t~e 1969-78period ·at 6.5 percent on an average annu~1 q~5is aboutthe same rate as Federal R&D obligations aSja",hole. A 3­percent share of total was shown in 1969, t,he'(same as isestimated for 1978. i' .'I .

• Natural .resources is scheduled tor,12-percentgrowth in 1978. This function has shown sUFh:[importantgams over the long-term (1969-78) peri<>dl that theaverage annual growth rate is 13.1 percent, r:nore thantwice that of total Federal R&D fundlng-.,-h,\, share ofnatural resources within the Federal R&D total in 1978 isan estimated 2 percent. .: . .... ': ri

!D The food, fiber, and" other agrkuU~'ral! productsfunction grew slowly between 1969 and 1w4:1but muchmore rapidly thereafter: an average ann~a:1 glowth rateof 5,3 percentfor the earlier period compa..e~with 13.8percent in 1974-78. The share of this fu?cti!:ln in theFederal R&D total in 1978 is 2 percent. li:1

The 10-percent rise in the food functi~on'lin 1978 ismainly directed to research by USDA on ani!,,~1 and plantproduction, including the initiation of a S.oYeaJ programof competitive research grants.; -[, 'j

e Six functions--education; iticom~.~e~~rity andsocial services; area :and comm[Jnityqev,rlopmenchousing, and public services;economic.figrrpwth andproduaivit»;.. international cooperetion. ardl develop­ment; and crime prevention and contro[...."together willaccount for an estimated 2.9 percent of al'.fe1Jeral R&Dobligations in 1978. . .

,)

,.•

Natiohal Science FoundationWashington. D.C. 20550

OffiCIal Business

PENAL TV FOR PRIVA TE uSE SJOO

108

Postc::ge and Fees PaidNational Science Poundedon

THIRD CLASSBulk Rate

~~.~ y-." '...;/4~.:f~U.S-MAIL

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