! What you should know !

1.) What two things are now used to explain the world?

2.) Did the philosophes favor an Absolute Monarchy?

3.) Montesquieu developed what idea for government…?

The Enlightenment:

THE PHILOSOPHES

Enlightenment

The age of REASON and Scientific Thought Helped people understand how the world

worked

Natural Laws –KNOW THIS!! If there are natural laws that govern nature

(world), then there must be natural laws that govern PEOPLE.

LAWS YOU ARE BORN WITH.

PhilosophesThinkers and writers during

the EnlightenmentPreached against wrongs of

society and oppressive governments (absolute monarchs)

Challenged KingsWrote booksChanged religionExplained nature

•Logic and Reason can explain all things

Thoughts on GOD

•God created and left nature to rule

Thoughts on Government

Man is free

Thoughts of Nature

•Things are meant to be studied.

Thomas Hobbes Life Span: 1588-1679Background: English

“Life is Solitary, Poor, Nasty, Brutish, and Short….”

People sign a social contract

People give up freedoms for safety

Wrote Leviathan

John Locke Life Span: 1632-1704Background: English

All people have right to life, liberty and property

People have right to People have right to overthrow a bad overthrow a bad governmentgovernment

Two Treatises of GovtTwo Treatises of Govt..

Voltaire Life Span: 1694-1778 Background: French

Fought for freedom Fought for freedom of speech and of speech and religionreligion

Rousseau Life Span: 1712-1778Background: Geneva (located in today’s Switzerland)

Government must Government must have permission of have permission of peoplepeople

Direct Democracy Direct Democracy best govt.best govt.

Montesquieu Life Span: 1689-1775Background: French

Separation of Separation of Powers and Checks Powers and Checks and Balances were and Balances were neededneeded

All of these ideas led to three revolutions

1.American

2.French

3.Latin American

! What you should know !

1.) What two things are now used to explain the world?

2.) Did the philosophes favor an Absolute Monarchy?

3.) Montesquieu developed what idea for government…?

Thomas

Hobbes

John Locke

Compare Hobbes and LockePgs 446-447Two main philosophers that have affected the world, even today, were Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. Read each topic below and put it Read each topic below and put it carefully in the correct column to which it belongs.carefully in the correct column to which it belongs.

1. people choose leader to avoid danger 2. natural condition is to have conflict 3. own property is a right not to be given up 4. only the strong survive5. wrote Leviathan 6. people act on self-interests7. only right of people is to protect themselves 8. rulers should preserve rights9. wrote Two Treatises of Government 10. natural condition is to have freedom11. people give up liberty for safety 12. governments exist to protect rights13. people have right to change governments 14. ruler can not limit natural rights15. governments need permission from people

16. people make unwritten social contract with government