What were the four causes of WWI?

How did each cause the war? Why did the United States enter

the war? Why were the peasants in Russia

upset with Czar Nicholas II?

WARM UPDISCUSSION QUESTIONS

The Russian Revolution has two parts: the February Revolution and the October Revolution.

February Revolution

- Started in 1917

- After many centuries of rule by powerful and wealthy czars in Russia, the people were unhappy with the difference in wealth.

- Many were also unhappy with Russian participation in WWI.

- The February Revolution resulted in the overthrow of the czar, and it stopped

Russian involvement in the war. the war.

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

CZ

AR

NIC

HO

LA

S II A

ND

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October (Bolshevik) Revolution:

- Led by Lenin and based on an ideology by Karl Marx

- Marx’s idea was communism. In theory, communism would create a classless society, in which all people enjoy equal

social and economic status.

- In the beginning, communism seemed like a good option for starving and powerless people.

- This civil war lasted almost 2 years. In the end Lenin won and controlled Russia.However, in practice communist governments were very controlling. Most citizens were very poor and the government officials were very rich. The governments cared little for the issues of the working class and sought above all else to keep the power.

(RUSSIAN REVOLUTION CONTINUED)

VLADIMIR LENIN

Russia backed out of the Great War early due to the Russian Revolution. They surrendered to Germany in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.On the 11th hour of the 11th day in 1918 (November 11, 1918) an armistice (agreement to end fighting) was signed.Allies were victorious.

THE GREAT WAR COMES TO AN END

Deaths in Battle Wounded in BattleAlliesFrance 1,357,800 4,266,000British empire 908,371 2,090,212Russia 1,700,000 4,950,000Italy 462,391 953,886United States 50,585 205,690Others 502,421 342,585

Central PowersGermany 1,808,546 4,247,143Austria-Hungary 922,500 3,620,000Ottoman empire 325,000 400,000

RESULTS OF WWI

“The Big Three:”

- Wilson (U.S. President) wanted:

14-points (push for democracy)- One of the significant points would allow the people to

choose their own government.

The League of Nations formed (international peace keeping body)

- George (GB)- wanted to build a stronger Britain

- Clemenceau (France)- wanted to punish Germany Many small states wanted their own nations but territories

overlapped.

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE

Woodrow Wilson

Lloyd George

Georges Clemenceau

SO WHAT DID THE “BIG

THREE” AGREE TO?

Forced Germany to take full blame for causing the warGermany had to pay over $30 billion in war reparations (payments for war damage).The German military had to be reduced.

- Army: 100,000 volunteers

- Navy: a few small ships and subs

- Aircrafts: forbiddenGermany had to give up parts of their mainland territory and all of their overseas colonies.

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

1914 1920

To German resentment - the German people were mad at the results and all that they lost from the treaty.This opened the door for the rise of Nazism as Hitler promised to end unemployment and poverty and bring Germany back to a state of power.

THE END OF WWI AND TREATY OF VERSAILLES

LED:

Dominant theme following WWI: conflict and changeMuch of Europe was in chaos. Many people were hungry and homeless.Despite these immediate and numerous problems, mostly related to WWI and the Treaty of Versailles, by the mid-1920s mild optimism had appeared--the Roaring 20s.But then the stock market crashed in October of 1929. This set off a ripple effect throughout the world.

WORLDWIDE DEPRESSION

After WWI the German people lost faith in the government and Germany was severely struck by the Depression.On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany.The Nazis, Hitler’s political group, gained support by blaming Germany’s problems on the ideas of Communists and the Jewish people.Hitler promised that he would create jobs and that Germany would grow to be the most powerful country.

RISE OF NAZISM