Guiding Questions to Objective 2

What is the classification of bacteria? Why?

How do bacteria obtain nutrition?

How do bacteria reproduce?

How do bacteria move?

How and why are bacteria important? Provide description of both negative and positive bacteria.

Bacteria – they are everywhere!

Objective 2 Terms: Bacteria bacteria nutrition reproduce enzyme osmosis asexual reproduction binary fission symbiosis

FOSSILSThe oldest form of life on earth found so far are fossils of bacteria that were found that date back more than 3.5 billion years ago = Cyanobacteria (aka blue green algae) –using photosynthesis, living cyanobacteria still produce O2 today

Bacteria false-coloured scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of symbiotic human intestinal bacteria (NIH Human Microbiome

Project Defines Normal Bacterial Makeup of the Body, 2012)

Chromosomes – wound up DNA

Kingdom?

http://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/our-microbial-auras-follow-us-everywhere-we-go home fingerprint)

Dinner Time! Bacteria "eat" everything: organics, inorganics,

solar power (photosynthetic) Release enzymes that chop up the food Ingestion through osmosis.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sg1eFxZjTTQ

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (i.e., increase the rates of) chemical reactions

Reproduction: Binary Fission

Use asexual reproduction

Binary Fission

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6akNYlkehY (real time)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cD3U2pgb5w

Clones Wars??? After bacteria die &

the cell wall disintegrates, some species of bacteria can pick up the free floating DNA and use it as their own.

Some species can share DNA with other bacteria. The bacteria build a bridge between them and one bacteria transfers some DNA to the other bacteria across this bridge.

How bacteria communicate

http://www.ted.com/talks/bonnie_bassler_on_how_bacteria_communicate

Incubation period

Other species of bacteria & communication?

What are the shapes?

Pathogens Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis One-third of

world’s population is infected and it remains the top infectious killer of people only secondary to HIV (Smaill, 2013)

The current vaccine for TB was developed in 1920‘s

“In 2013, 9 million people fell ill with TB and 1.5 million died from the disease” (WHO

Tuberculosis Fact sheet N°104 Updated October 2014)

the light-sensitive green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium can act together with Geobacter, an electron moving bacterium.

“when you put these two organisms together, you get both a light response and the ability to generate an electric current.“ (Harth 2013)

Identifying bacteria using a microscope

• There are over 700 differnt species of bacteria in the human mouth ecosystem

• A single kiss can transfer up to 8o million bacteria (Fang)

Lab Investigations