Warm Up

What helped ideas spread so quickly during the Renaissance?

Vocabulary

Protestant Reformation- The movement of people away from the Catholic Church.

Martin Luther- Catholic monk who had many grievances against the Church, who broke away and created the Lutheran faith.

95 Theses- Written by Martin Luther, they described his grievances with the Church and started the Protestant Reformation.

Edict of Worms- Declared Luther an outlaw and Heretic. Henry VII- King of England who broke away from the

Catholic Church to create the Anglican faith. Indulgences- Practice of the Catholic Church that allowed

people to donate money in exchange for the pardon of sins.

WARM UP: SUNDAY DILEMMA

EQ: WHAT WERE THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ISSUES THAT CHANGED THE STRUCTURE OF CHRISTIANITY?

Reformation

Printing Press

Invented by:› Johann Gutenberg in

1440

What was the first thing that he produced on the printing press› Gutenberg Bible in

1455 (first full sized book printed with movable type)

How did the printing press affect European society?› Very positively› More copies for

everyone by 1500› Over 250 cities had

printing press› People were

learning to read because books were so accessible

Causes of the Reformation

Emphasis was placed on the “individual” which is not good for Church Authority

The Printing Press helped spread secular ideas

Rulers didn’t like the Pope trying to control them!

Many Northerners (Germany) were resentful of paying taxes to Rome and that feeling eventually spread throughout Europe

Problems in the Catholic Church There were many

corrupt leaders who spent too much money on personal pleasures, arts and war!

Many leaders of the Church were poorly educated and couldn’t read

Many even broke the vows they took as priests

So you can see why people wanted “reform”

Reformers

John Wyliffe (England) Desiderius Erasmus

Jan Hus (Bohemia) Thomas More

Advocated for Church Greatly Criticized ChurchReform in the late 1300& early 1400’s

Other important Reformers Martin Luther

› Became a Monk in 1505› Taught at the University of

Wittenberg (Germany)› Began by taking a stand against

Johann Tetzel’s selling of indulgences. (Pardon for Sins) Johann preached that buying of

indulgences was a way to “buy” your way into heaven. It was a way to get more money for the church

› Luther wrote his 95 Theses which attacked the ideas of Tetzel October 31, 1517 it was posted for

the first time at the University which he worked and that began the Reformation (Movement for religious reform)

3 Main ideas of Luther’s Teachings Wanted full reform of the

church1. Win salvation only by

faith in God’s gift of forgiveness

2. Church teachings clearly based on words of the Bible (Pope and church traditions were false authorities)

3. All people with faith were equal. No need for priests to interpret Bible

Response to Luther

1520› Pope Leo X

threatened with excommunication unless “words taken back”. He didn’t take his words back and was excommunicated

1521› Charles V (Holy

Roman Emperor) tells Luther to go to “Worms” and stand trial. This set the stage for the Edict of Worms

Edict of Worms

The edict declared Luther as an outlaw and heretic

No one was to give him food or shelter

His books were to be burned

Frederick the Wise of Saxony (Germany) took him in and disobeyed the Pope!

Now, Luther and his followers formed a separate religious group called Lutherans

England Becomes Protestant

Henry VIII was the King of England who started off a devout Catholic…But when he didn’t have a male heir he tried to have his marriage to Catherine annulled. The Pope wouldn’t do it so he ended the Pope’s power in England.

The parliament that passed the ending of the Pope’s power was called the “Reformation Parliament”

Henry VIII eventually passed the Act of Supremacy which granted the King of England the head of England’s Church

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

EQ: WHAT WERE THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ISSUES THAT CHANGED THE STRUCTURE OF CHRISTIANITY?

John Calvin

Wrote a book, Institute of Christian Religion in 1536

Arrived into Geneva in the 1540’s and started a strict religious community that all people must:› Attend religion classes› Wear no bright clothing› Never play with playing

cards Excommunication,

banishment or imprisonment was a punishment for breaking any of the rules

Basic teachings of Calvanism

1. Men and women were sinful by nature

2. Humans can NOT earn salvation

3. Predestination› God has known

since the beginning of time who would be saved. (You cannot alter that)

Calvin’s ideal government› Theocracy

(Government controlled by Religious leaders)

Supporters of Calvin called› Huguenots

What is an indulgence?A payment to the Church for a pardon from the penalty imposed by a priest for committed sins

Luther Calvin

Problems with Catholic Church

•Indulgences •No concept of predestination•Salvation can’t be earned

Reforms they supported

•Denying the pope worldly power•Bible has more authority than church •Eliminating indulgences

•Concept of predestination•Theocracy (government controlled by religious leaders

Results of their protests of the Church

•Started Protestant Reformation•Formed Lutheran Church •England no longer Catholic

•Formed Calvinism•Followers called Calvinists and Huguenots in France

Closing

What were reasons why many people left the Roman Catholic Church?