· web viewwould you mind rephrasing the question, please? (p23)...
TRANSCRIPT
1.organizational:a
organize:vorganization:norganizer:n
1).Lastweek,ourschool________aspringouting.2).Thetaskcallsforthehighest_________skill.3).ChinahasjoinedWorldTrade__________.4).Heisthe__________ofthespeechcontest.
Answers:organized,organizational,Organization,organizer2.objective:nasubjective:3.predict:v
prediction:npredictable:apredictor:n4.simplify:v
simple:asimply:adsimplification:nsimplified:aExercisesfortheabovewords:
1).Themachineis_____inoperationbutcomplexinstructure.
2).ShakespearesRomeoandJulietintheoriginalisbeyondourcapacitywhile____editionisquiteeasy.
3).Thereisnopointinarguingaboutit,becauseitis_______aquestionofprocedure.4).The______ofworkingprocessfreedtheworkersfroheavylabor.Answers:simple;simplified;simply;simplification
5.tendency:ntend:vtendtodosthe.g.oldpeoplehavethetendencyofgettingfatter.Oroldpeopletendtogetfatter.6.managerial:a
manage:vmanagement:n;manager:nmanageable:a
7.argue:varguwithsbabout/overstharguesbintodoingstharguesboutofdoingsthe.g.1>.Theyoungcouplealwaysarguewitheachotherovertheirchildseducation.
2>.Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.8.define:vdefinition:n9.profitability:n
profit:nprofitable:a,profitless:a
1).Hehasmadea_____fromrunningasmallrestaurant.
2).Thedealwas______toallofus.
3).Theyvalued_______differently,whichledtodisagreementastothecorrectnessofdecision.
Answer:profit,profitable;profitability.
10.correctness:ncorrect:avcorrection:nincorrect:a
11.unintended:a
intend:vintention:nintended:a
1.Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.(p1)
madefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailableachoice;thatareavailablecoursesofaction.
2.Thereasonformakingadecisionisthataproblemexists,goalsorobjectivesarewrong,orsomethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem.(p1)
Thataproblemexistsgoalsorobjectivesarewrongsomethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthemmakeadecision:standintheway:
3.Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance,butsinceuncertaintyisalwaysthere,riskaccompaniesdecisions.(p2)
whatthefuturewillbeataslittleaspossibleleavesincebecause.
4.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.(p3)
tobemadedecisionThelastquestiontobediscussedtodayishowtodividetheworkamongourselves.
5.Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.(p3)
basedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelikeconstraintsbaseonThefilmisbasedonsshortstorybyJackLondon.
6.Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.(p4)
thetendencytosimplifyblinds;themtosimplifythetendencytootheralternativesblindsbtosth:weshouldntletourprejudicesblindustothefacts.
7.Becauseindividuals(andorganizations)frequentlyhavedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestchoicemaydependonwhomakesthedecision.(p6line4--6)
becausehowtoattainthegoalsaboutwhomakesthedecisionon
8.Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryfrompersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.(p7line2--4)
moreimportantthanvaryfrompersontopersonvaryfromseasontoseason.
9.Whenpresentedwithacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblems,productionmanagersseeproductionproblems,andsoon.(p7line5--7)
when+bepresentedwith=befacedwith
Whenfacedwithdifficulties,weshouldbebrave..
10.Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolatedphenomenon.(p9)
assume:=imagine;isolated:adjphenomenon:nphenomena
6.Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.(p4)
thetendencytosimplifyblinds;themtosimplifythetendencytootheralternativesblindsbtosth:weshouldntletourprejudicesblindustothefacts.
7.Becauseindividuals(andorganizations)frequentlyhavedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestchoicemaydependonwhomakesthedecision.(p6line4--6)
becausehowtoattainthegoalsaboutwhomakesthedecisionon
8.Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryfrompersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.(p7line2--4)
moreimportantthanvaryfrompersontopersonvaryfromseasontoseason.
9.Whenpresentedwithacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblems,productionmanagersseeproductionproblems,andsoon.(p7line5--7)
when+bepresentedwith=befacedwith
Whenfacedwithdifficulties,weshouldbebrave..
10.Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolatedphenomenon.(p9)
assume:=imagine;isolated:adjphenomenon:nphenomena
1.interview:n/vinterviewer:ninterviewee:ne.g.1>.Who'sthemostfamouspersonyou'veeverinterviewedonTV?
2>.InaTVinterviewlastnight,shedeniedshehadanyintentionofresigning.2.criticism:ncriticize:vcritical:acritic:n,
1>Heisaliterary______.
2>Weareata_______timeinourhistory.
3>Hecan'ttake________.
4>Theboywas______byhisfatherforbeinglateforschool.Answers:critic,critical,criticism,criticized
3.indifference:nindifferent:aenthusiastic:cf:different:adifference;same.4.inefficiency:n
efficient:aefficiency:ninefficient:a
5.conservative:aconserve:vconservation:n6.applytosbforsth:
e.g.Thestudentappliedtotheembassyforavisa.7.takethetroubletodosth:
e.g.IfyoutookthetroubletolistentowhatIwassaying,you'dknowwhatIwastalkingabout.
8.putoneselfinsomebody'splace:
Ifyouputyourselfinyourmother'splace,youwillunderstandwhysheissoworriedaboutyou.
9.inhand:
I'vegotenoughmoneyinhandtobuyanewcar.10.turndown:
TurndowntheTV,forthebabyissleeping.
Heturneddownthejobbecausethepayisn'tgoodenough.
1.Thekeywordsherearepreparationandconfidence,whichwillcarryyoufar.p2
whichwillcarryyoufarpreparationandconfidencekeypreparationprepareconfidence:nConfident:aself-confidence:
2.Findoutallyoucanaboutthejobyouareapplyingforandtheoriginationyouhopetoworkfor.(p4)
youareapplyingforthejob;youhopetoworkfortheoriginationapplytosbforsth
3.Itshowsanunattractiveindifferencetoyouremployerandtoyourjob.(p6)
itshowsanunattractiveindifferencetoyouremployerandtoyourjobShowsthtosb=showsbsth.indifference:
4.Hewantssomebodywhoishard-workingwithapleasantpersonalityandarealinterestinthejob.(p7)
whoishard-workingwithapleasantpersonalityandarealinterestinthejobsomebodywithhaveinterestinsth5.Anythingthatyoufindoutabouttheprospectiveemployercanbeusedtoyouradvantageduringtheinterviewtoshowthatyouhavebotheredtomastersomefactsaboutthepeoplewhoyouhopetoworkfor.(p8)
anythingcanbeusedtoyouradvantage.thatyoufindoutabouttheprospectiveemployerduringtheinterviewtoshowthatyouhavebotheredtomastersomefactsaboutthepeoplewhoyouhopetoworkforwhoyouhopetoworkforthepeople.toyouradvantage:workforsb
6.Donotbeafraidtoaskforclarificationofsomethingthathasbeensaidduringtheinterviewifyouwanttobesurewhatwasimplied,butdobepolite.(p10)
notbeafraidtodosth;askforclarificationthathasbeensaidduringtheinterviewsomething;whatwasimplieddobepolite:dodobecareful!Idoloveyou!Hedoeslietous!
7.Havetheletterinvitingyouforaninterviewreadytoshowincasethereisanydifficultyincommunication.(p16)
Havetheletterinvitingyouforaninterviewreadytoshowincasethereisanydifficultyincommunicationthereissomedifficultyinsth/doingsthWehavesomedifficultyspeakingEnglishfluently.
8.Thereislittlelikelihoodthatapaneloffivewantstogothroughtheprocessofallshakinghandswithyouinturn.(p20)
thatapaneloffiveantstogothroughtheprocessofallshakinghandswithyouinturnlittlelikelihoodlikelihood:npossibility;gothroughinturn:9.Wouldyoumindrephrasingthequestion,please?(p23)
minddoingsth.WouldyoumindturningdowntheTV?as
asasasif,asthough,aslongas,asto,asfor,soasto,etc.
,as
1.IworkasanEnglishteacherinamiddleschool.2.Runasfastasyoucan.
3.Youngasheis,heknowsmorethanI.4.JustasIwasleaving,thetelephonerang.5.PleasedoasIhavetoldyou.
6.AsIamtheoldestchildinmyfamily,Imusttakecareoftheotherchildren.7.Suchpeopleasyouhavedescribedarerarenow|
1.astronomer:nastronomy:n
2.explode:v,explosive:a/nexplosion:n1).Whenthebomb______,manypeoplewereseriouslywounded.2).Theunexpected________frightenedthelittlegirl.3).Itmightbepossibletoconvert_____energyintoheat.
Answers:exploded,explosion,explosive
3.density:ndense:asparse;
densely:addensely-populatedsparsely-populated1).The____fogkeptthetravelersfromfindingthecorrectdirection.2).Thebusinessareaofthecityis_____populated.3).Thisliquidhasamuchgreater____thanwater.Answers:dense,densely,density4.shrink:v
1).Asaresultofcarelesswashing,thejackethasshrunktoachild'ssize.2).Thegirlshrinksatthesightofblood.5.measurement:n
measure:n/vmeasurable:a1).Wemusttake_____toprotectourenvironment.2).Wehavecomewithin______distanceofsuccess.3).Clocksgiveusa______oftime.
4).Theretherainfallis______notininchesbutinfeet.Answers:measures,measurable,measurement,measured6.implication:nimply:v7.basis:n
base:nvbasic:abasically:ad,
1).IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youmusthaveasolid______.
2).Thefurnitureofoutdormisreally_____:twobeds,twochairsandtables.
3).Thechargesarefalsefortheyarenot______onprovenfacts.
4).Sincenobetterplancanbeworkedout,wehavetoadoptthe____workableone.Answers:basis,basic,based,basically8.observatory:n
observe:vobservation:nobserver:n
9.convincing:aconvince:vconvinced:aconvincesbofsth;convincesbthat1).Hegaveusaconvincingspeech.2).Heconvincedmefhissincerity.
10.operate:voperation:noperator:11.researchinto
SheisresearchingintopossiblecuresforAIDS.12.swallowup:
Manysmallbusinesseshavebeenswallowedupbylargecompanies.13.applytosb/sth/
applytosbforsthapplyAtoBAB1).Youshouldapplywhatyouhavelearnedtoyourwork.2).Iappliedtohimforanewjob.
3).Thestudymethoddoesn'tapplytoeveryone
Analyzetheimportantsentencesamongthetext
1.Well,it'sdifficulttoanswerthisquestion,sincethetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonareinadequatehere.(p1)
ittoanswerthisquestionsincewewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonterms;inadequate:
2.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspacenotathingintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape---notevenlight.(p1)
intowhichfromwhichintofallfromescape+which
3.Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint.(p2)
thatwhentoaparticularpoint
4.Butifthestarisverylarge(muchbiggerthanoursun)thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointensethatablackholeresults.(p2)
ifsothatI'msotiredthatIcanevensleeponmywayhome.
5.Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofamarble,butstillhavingthesamemassandastrongergravitationalpull,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.(p2)
imagine.andyouifyouimagine,youwillhavesomeidea..+and+=ifHurryupandyoucancatchthelasttrain!
reducedtothesizeofamarblehavingthesamemassandastrongergravitationalpulltheearth.havesomeideaofsth
6.Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.(p3line13--14)
itisthatonlyrecentlyresearchintosth
7.Themostconvincingevidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.(p4)
evidencecomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystemsThemostconvincingevidence.convincing:-ing-edIfeelexcitedafterhearingthesurprisingnews.
8.Matterfromtheonewhichwecanseeisbeingpulledtowardsthecompanionstar.(p4)
matter;isbeingpulledtowardsthecompanionstarfromtheonewhichwecansee
9.Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthatveryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.(p5line4--6)
suggestadvancedmakeuseofsthmakegooduseofmakefulluseof
10.Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesinatotallydifferentwayfromourownand question our most basic experience of apace and time.(p5) which;operatev in a waybe different fromquestion: v
Learnnewwordsandphrases
1.resolve:vresolvearoundsb/sthShespendsallofhertimeresolvingaroundherfamily.Theearthresolvesaroundthesun.2.solar:a
solarenergysolarsystemsolarmonth3.concerned:a
Herjobissomethingconcernedwithcomputer.Heisconcernedabouttheresultoftheexam.4.colored:acolorful:aIlikeorange-coloredcoat.Everybodylikescolorfullife.
5.religion:nreligious:aregion:nregional:a6.circumstance:n
Undernocircumstancescanwewastetime.
7.agreatmany=anumberof=manyagreatdealof+u.nAgreatmanystudentsareabsenttoday.Ihavewastedagreatdealoftime.8.aboveall:
Afterthewar,helongedabovealltoseehiswifeandfamily.9.asarule:
Asarule,Ionlywatchsportsnews.
Analyzetheimportantsentencesamongthetext:
1.Firstofall,letusconsidertheearthasaplanetrevolvingaroundthesun.(p1)
firstofallconsidersthassthlookupsthassth;reviewsthassth;treatsthassth;revolvingaroundthesunaplanet
2.Thesenineplanets,togetherwiththesun,makeupwhatiscalledoursolarsystem.(p1)
Thesenineplanetsmakeupwhatiscalledoursolarsystemtogetherwiththesungrammar---
3.Howthiswonderfulsystemstartedandwhatkeptitworkingwithsuchwonderfulaccuracyislargelyamystery(p1)
Howthiswonderfulsystemstartedandwhatkeptitworkingwithsuchwonderfulaccuracygrammar---
4.Thetotalwaterareaisaboutthreetimesaslargeasthelandarea.(p4)
A+be++as+adj+as+B.e.g.TheAtlanticOceanisonlyhalfasbigasthePacificOcean.
5.Thesecurrentsareimportantbecausetheyaffectedtheclimateofthelandareasclosetowheretheyflowandalsobecausetheycarrylargequantitiesofmicroscopeanimalandvegetablelifewhichformsalargepartofthefoodforfishes.(p5)
becauseclosetowheretheyflowthelandareaslargequantitiesof+c.n/u.n;whichformsalargepartofthefoodforfishesanimalandvegetablelifelife
6.Thecircumstancesunderwhichdifferentpeoplelivemakeadifferencebetweenthewayinwhichtheyliveandthewayinwhichwelive,anditoughttobeourbusinesstotrytounderstandthosedifferentcircumstancessothatwecanbetterunderstandpeopleofotherlands.(p8)
underwhichinwhich+whichThecircumstancesthewaysothatmakeadiference;business
7.Aboveall,weshouldavoiddecidingwhatwethinkaboutpeopledifferentfromourselveswithoutfirsthavinglearnedagreatdealaboutthemandthekindoflivestheyhavetolive.
Aboveallweshouldavoiddecidingwhatwethinkaboutpeopledifferentfromourselveswithoutfirstdifferentfromourselvespeople;havinglearneddecidingaboveall;avoiddoing;agreatdeal
8.Itistruetosaythatthemorewelearnaboutotherpeople,thebetterweunder theirideasandasarule,thebetterwelikethosepeoplethemselves.
themorethemorethebetterThelongeryoukeepthiswine,thebetterittastes.ThebusierIam,thehappierIam.Grammar
1
2
3
1manyamorethan+ManyaforeignerhasbeentotheGreatWall.Morethanonestudenthasvisitedtheexhibition.
2of
Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.40percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.
3anumberof+thenumberof+
Anumberofpupilslikereadingpicture-books.Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis55.
4and
ThesecretaryofthePartybranchanddirectorofthatfactoryoftenworkswiththeworkers.5breadandbuttersodaandwatercoffeeandmilkaimandendsaltandwaterand
Aknifeandforkisonthetable.
6andeach,everynoNostudentandnoteacherisinvitedtotheparty.
Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhasrighttoreceiveeducation.
7togetherwith,alongwith()aswellas()nolessthan()ratherthan()with,not,like,but,except,besides,includingHeaswellashissisterisaLeaguemember.
8who,that,which,I,whoamyourteacher,willteachyoueverythingIknow.
9clothes,trousers,glasses,compasses,scissors,shoes,socks,glovesapairofMytrousersarebeingwashednow.Thereisapairofshoesinthebox.
10Tendollarsisnotenough.
Threemonthshaspassedsinceheleft.
11-icsnews,works()meansMathematicsseemstobedifficulttolearn.
Anewmeansofteachingisbeingusedinthatschool.
12TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.
13family,team,group,crowd,class,committeeHisfamilyareallmusiclovers.
14oneof++theonly,thevery,the
Sheistheonlyoneofthesewomenwhoplaystheviolin.
15who,what,which,all,more,most,any,nonehalf,part,therestHalfofthevisitorsarefromEurope.Halfofthefruitisbad.
16oneandahalf+oneortwo+
Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.ThereareoneortwothingsIdliketoknowabout.
17the+Thericharenotalwayshappy.Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.
18notonlybutalso,neithernor,eitheror,notbutor
Notonlyyourfather'sfriendsbutalsoyourfatherlikessmoking.
19Therebe
Whereisyourmotherandyoungersister?
Thereisapen,twopencilsandfivebooksonthedesk.
20
Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryisnotdecidedyet
Learnnewwordsandphrases
1.weaken:vweak:aadj/n+enen+adj/n=v
Shorten,enlarge,enable,enrich,loosen,tightenetc.
2.nationwide:aworldwide:regionwide,etc.3.legal:aillegal,legalize:vTheNetherlandsbecamethefirstcountrytolegalizeeuthanasia.4.ensure:v
1).Thepolicecanensurethewitnessfromdanger.
2).Wecanensurethattheworkwillbedoneintherightway.5.oppose:vopposition,opposed1).Whathesaidwastotallyopposedtothefacts.
2).Manypeopleopposebuildinganewhighwaybecauseofthegreatcost.6.tradition:n
traditional:a;traditionally:ad;modern
1)._____Chinesemedicineisbelievedtobeeffectiveformanydiseases.2).It'simportanttokeepupthefine____ofplainlivingandhardwork.3).Christmasis____aholidayforafamilytogettogether.Answers:Traditional,tradition,traditionally7.consideration:n
Consider:vconsiderate:abeconsiderateof;considerable:a
1).Losing30poundschangedherappearance_____.2).Itisvery____ofyoutosendmeabirthdaycard.3).Thematterisreceivingtheserious____ofthemanager.4).Heleftbehindhima____amountofdebt.
Answers:considerably,considerate,consideration,considerable8.disabled:a
able:abeabletodosth;unable:aenable:venablesbtodosth;ability:ndisable:v
1).Aslongastheyarephysically____,theytendtoliveontheirown.2).The_____tobeclearlyheardisextremelyimportantforanyspeaker.3).I'dliketogotothecinema,butI'm_____to.
4).Educationshould____everystudenttodevelopmorally,intellectuallyandphysically.5).Acaraccident____himfromplayingfootball.6).Specialcareshouldbegiventothe______.
Answers:able,ability,unable,enable,disabled(v),disabled(a)9.prohibition:nprohibit:vprohibitsbfromdoingsth;
10.sensitive:abesensitivetosb/sth;sensible:abesensibleofsth
1).Iamsensitivetoyourcriticism.
2).It'ssensibleofyoutomakesuchadecision.
Analyzetheimportantsentencesamongthetext
1.Affectedwithaseriousdisease,VanWendelwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating.(p2)VanWendel
Affectedwithaseriousdiseasebecausehewasaffectedwithaseriousdisease,.therewasnohopeofrecoverythathisconditionwasrapidlydeterioratingknewbeaffectedwithsth
Allthecowsinthefarmareaffectedwithmad-cowdisease.hopeofrecovery:
2.VanWendel'slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinal,lethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandshowedonTVlastyearintheNetherlands.(p3)
VanWendel
wereVanWendel'slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinal,lethalinjectionbyhisdoctorfilm
3.Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshown,itstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.(p3)
since:adveachtimedebateonsth
4.However,doctorswhocarryouteuthanasiaunderstrictguidelinesintroducedbytheDutchParliamenttwoyearsagoareusuallynotprosecuted.(p4)
carryoutunderguidelinesunderintroducedbytheDutchParliamenttwoyearsago
guidelines
5.Shoulddoctorsbeallowedtotakethelivesofothers?(p5)
+be+Inhotdays,flowersmustbewateredeveryday.
6.CicelySaunders,PresidentoftheNationalHospiceCouncilandafoundermemberofthehospicemovement,arguesthateuthanasiadoesn'ttakeintoaccountthattherearewaysofcaringforthedying.(p8)
C.S
CicelySaundersPresidentoftheNationalHospiceCouncilandafoundermemberofthehospicemovementtakesthintoaccount=takesthintoconsiderationwhenjudginghisperformance,don'ttakehisageintoaccount.carefor
7.It'sveryeasyinsocietynowfortheelderly,thedisabledandthedependenttofeelthattheyareburdens,andthereforethattheyoughttooptout.(p8)
ittofeelthattheyareburdens,andthereforethattheyoughttooptouttheelderly,thedisabledandthedependentthe+adjelderlypeople,disabledpeopleanddependentpeoole,Inourcountry,theoldaretakengoodcareofbytheyoung.optoutIthinkI'lloptoutthegame.
8.Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven'ttheright.(p9)
Whatthosepeoplearetellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven'ttheright.Whatthosepeoplearetellingmethatdyingpeoplehaven'ttheright.whoopposeeuthanasiathosepeople;oppose:vdyingpeoplehavetherighttodosth9.Buttherearesituationswheredeathisafriend.(p9)
where;inwhich.1).Thehousewhichheboughtlastyearisverybig.2).Thehousewherehewasbornisveryoldnow.3).Thehousewhosewindowsfacesouthisverybig.
10.ThefilmshowingCeesVanWendel'sdeathwasbothmovingandsensitive;hiswifehadonlyherhusband'sinterestsatheart.(p10)
CVW
showingCeesVanWendel'sdeaththefilm;havesthatheart:Heisselfish,andhehasnothingbuthisowninterestatheart
Learnnewwordsandphrases
1statistics:nkeepstatistics;statistical:astatistician:n
2.diplomat:n
diplomacy:ndiplomatic:adiploma:3.exploit:v
exploitable:aexploited:aexploitation:n
1).Theworkersincapitalistcountriesarecruellyexploitedbythecapitalists.2).Therearelawsagainsttheexploitationofchildlabor.
3).Hishighlyexploitabletalentcan'tcreatewealthforsocietyifhedoesn'tmakegreatefforts.
4.abuse:v/n:abuseone'sauthority5.execute:v
executive:anCEO=chiefexecutiveofficerexecution:n
1).Youshouldn'tbeslowinthe_____ofyourduties.
2).Thesoldiers____thecaptain'sordersassoonastheyreceivedthecall.
3).Afterthediscussionofthe____committee,thelaborlawwasputintoforceinmay,1994.
Answers:execution,executed,executive
6.guilt:nguilty:aguiltless:a7.employee:n
employ:vemployment:nemployed:aunemployed:aemployer:n
1).Thepolice______forcetobreakupthecrowd.2).Many____werethrownoutofjobasaresult.
3).Businessactivitiesweregreatlyreducedandalmost60%oftheworkerswereoutof______.4).DuringtheDepression,manyworkerswere______.Answers:employed,employees,employment,unemployed
8.immigrant:animmigrate:vimmigration:n
1).Duringthegoldrush,Californiaattractedmanyimmigrantsfromotherstates.2).ManyItaliansimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesandCanada.
3).Inthe1980s,alawagainsttheimmigrationofAsianpeopleswasputintopractice.9.deport:v
port:import:export:airport:passport:10.bedeservingof
Hiseffortsarecertainlydeservingofpraise.
NewwordsfromtextB
11.deny:vdoing.Hedeniedlyingtous.
12.ineffective:aeffective.13.watchover:
Theyusespeciallytraineddogstowatchovertheirsheepatnight.14.inunison:
TheysangHappyBirthdaytomeinunison.15.payback:
1).Ifyoulendme50Yuan,IwillpayyoubackonFriday.2).I'llpayhimbackforthetrickheplayedonme.Analyzetheimportantsentencesamongthetext:
1.Thereareestimatedtobemorethan20000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBritain(p1)
20000
therebebe
1).Therearealotofpeopleinthemeetingroom.2).Therewillbeameetingtomorrow.
3).Thereusedtobeachurchatthecornerofthestreet.4).Therehappenedtobeanoldfriendofmineinthehotel.5).Thereissuretoraintomorrow.6).Therestandsabanknexttomyschool.
workinginBritaindomesticservants
2.Ofthese20000,justunder2000arebeingexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers,accordingtoaLondon-basedcampaigninggroupwhichhelpsoverseasservantsworkinginBritain.(p1)
200002000
Ofthese20000under2000arebeingexploitedandabusedunder---based
3.Andtheycanhavetheirpassportsremoved,makingleavingorescapingvirtuallyimpossible.(p2)
havetheirpassportsremovedVOChavesthdoneLastweekIhavemycomputerrepaired.
makingleavingorescapingvirtuallyimpossibleleavingorescapingmakingvirtuallyalmost.
4.Inoneofthem,aFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurder,despiteprotestsfromvariousquartersthatherguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablished.(p3)
wasexecutedafterbeingconvictedofmurderbeingconvictedsbisconvictedofsthShehastwicebeenconvictedoffraud.()
despiteProteststhatherguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablishedProtestsProtestsfromvariousquarters=fromvariousplaces.
5.Iwassupposedtobepaid120butIneverreceivedthatamount.(p4)120
besupposedtodosthYouaresupposedtogetthereasearlyaspossible.
bepaid
Heispaid1000yuanforfinishingsuchatask.
6.Attheendof1994,theBritishGovernmentintroducednewmeasurestohelpprotectdomesticworkersfromabusebytheiremployers.(p7)
1994
Attheendof1994theBritishGovernmentintroducednewmeasurestohelpprotectdomesticworkersfromabusebytheiremployersprotectsbfromsthEachparentshouldprotecttheirchildfromTVviolence.7.Soiftheydocomplain,theyriskbeingdeported.(p8)
docomplain:itis/wasthat/whodo,does,did.Forexample:
1).Idoloveyou!
2).Hedoesstudyveryhard.
3).IdidmeetBillGateslastweek.
8.Allowingdomesticworkersthefreedomtoseekthesametypeofworkbutwithadifferentemployer,iftheysochoose,iswhatgroupslikeAnti-SlaveryInternationalarecampaigningtheGovernmentfor.(p9)
Allowingdomesticworkersthefreedomtoseekthesametypeofworkbutwithadifferentemployertoseekthesametypeofworkbutwithadifferentemployerthefreedomis,whatgroupslikeAnti-SlaveryInternationalarecampaigningtheGovernmentforiftheysochoose
9.Itis,theysay,therighttochangeemployerswhichdistinguishesemploymentfromslavery.(p9)
itistherighttochangeemployers.theysaydistinguishAfromBAB
Thetwinsaresoalikethatnoonecandistinguishonefromtheother.|
Keywordsandphrases
1.musician:nmusic:nmusical:amusically:advPleasedotheexercises:
1).The____oftheBeatlesbecameverysuccessfulandfamousduringthe1960s.2).AlthoughhewasborninAmerica,hecouldplaymanyChinese____instruments.3).Folkmusic,thebluesandrock'n'rollremained_____andculturallydistinctinthe1960s.
4).BobDylan,afamousfolk____inAmerica,wasbestknownforhisanti-warsong.Answers:music,musical,musically,musician
2.consciousness:nconscious:a=awareunconscious=unaware;consciously,unconsciouslybeaware/unawareofsth;beaware/unawarethat.
1).Iwas____thatIhadmadeamistake.
2).____didnotreturntotheinjuredmanfortwohours.
3).Whenapersonimmigratestoanewcountry,heshould______adapthimselftothenewenvironment.
Answers:conscious,consciousness,consciously
3.originate:v,origin:noriginal:anoriginality:n1).Theuseofsteamoriginatedmanynewreforms.2).Iwondertheoriginsoflifeontheearth.
3).TheIndiansweretheoriginalinhabitantsofNorthAmerica.4).Thequarreloriginatedinconflictsbetweenthetwofamilies.5).Herdesignisofgreatoriginality.
4.imitator:nimitate:vimitation:n
5.limitless:alimit:nvlimitedalimitation:n
1).Hisknowledgeaboutinsuranceisrather______.2).Hisenergyseemstohaveno____.3).Awisemanknowshis____.
4).Infrontofthe____ocean,hefoundhewasratherinsignificant.Answers:limited,limits,limitation,limitless.
6.penetrating:apenetrate;penetration
7.participant:nparticipate:v,participation:nparticipateinsth.8.takeover:
Whenheretired,hissontookoverbusinessfromhim.9.takeon:1).Hehastakenonanewjob.
2).Theemployertakesontwentymoreworkers.TextB:
10).composer:ncomposecomposition11).inspire:vinspiration:nGeniusis1%ofinspirationand99%ofhardwork.
12.invariably:advariable:avariety:nvary:vvarious:a
13.sake:nforthesakeofsth
Thecompanyhasdecidedforeconomy'ssaketoclosedownthisdepartment.14.harmony:nharmonize:vharmonious:a15.inasense:Inasense,youareright.
16.itgoeswithoutsayingthat
Itgoeswithoutsayingthatyouwillbepaidfortheovertimework.Analyzethedifficultsentences:
1.Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence(p1)
inexistenceoutof=from.
2.Thethreeformsremainedmusicallyandculturallydistinct,andevenaslateas1965,noneofthemwereexpressinganyradicallynewstatesofconsciousness.(p1)
1965
Thethreeformsremaineddistinct.musicallyandculturallydistinctaslateas1965nonenewstatesofconsciousnessRadicallynew.
3.Whathappened,aswellasitcanbeputintowords,wasthis.(p2)
Whathappenedwasthisaswellasasasputinyowords:
4.Theyfreelytookoverelementsfromjazz,fromAmericancountrymusic,andastimewentonfromevenmorediversesources.(p2)
takeoversthfromsthastimewentonastimegoeson,ourvocabularyisenlarginggradually.Diverse:avarious.NewYorkisaveryculturallydiversecity.
5.Whatdevelopedwasamusicreadilytakingonvariousformsandcapableofanalmostlimitlessrangeofexpression.(p2)
Whatdevelopedreadilytakingonvariousformsandcapableofanalmostlimitlessrangeofexpressionmusic.takeonbecapableofdoingsth
6.Electronicsdid,infact,makepossiblesoundsthatnoinstrumentuptothattimecouldproduce.(p3)
didmakepossiblesounds
7.Electronicamplifiersalsomadepossibleafantasticincreaseinvolume,themusicbecomingasloudandpenetratingasthehumanearcouldstand,andtherebyachievingatotaleffect,sothatinsteadofanaudienceofpassivelisteners,therewerenowaudiencesoftotalparticipants,feelingthemusicinalloftheirsensesandalloftheirbones.(p3)
Electronicamplifiersalsomadepossibleafantasticincreaseinvolumethemusicbecomingsothatfeeling
8.Withrecordsathome,listenersimitatedtheselightingeffectsasbestastheycould,andheightenedthewholeexperiencebyusingdrugs.(p4)
Withrecordsathomeimitatedheightenedasbestasonecould,IsearIwillteachhimalessonasbestasIcould.
Keywordsandphrases
1.efficiency:nefficient:ainefficient:ainefficiency:n;effective:a
1).Hehasdonemuchtoincreasethe____ofEnglishteaching.2).Sheisvery_____inreducingwaste.3).His____studymethodcausedhisfailure.
4).Thecitygovernmenttooksome_____measurestoreduceunemployment.Answers:efficiency,efficient;inefficient,effective2.increasingly:ad
increasev;increasing:a;decrease:v
1).Drinkingandsmokingamongyoungpeople_____toanalarmingextent.2).Thetruthisbecoming______apparent.
3).The____friendlyrelationsbetweenthetwocountriesstrengthentheculturalexchangesbetweenthem.
3.prevalent:a=popular
4.calculator:ncalculate:vcalculation:n;calculating:a
5.expose:vexposure:n;exposesbtosth
6.completion:n
complete:vacompleteness:nincomplete:a1).He____deniedtheexistenceofgod.2).Hehasnever____aprojectontime.
3).Moneywillbepaidhalfinadvanceandhalfon_______.
4).Whenwillthenewrailway________?
7.intensity:n
intense=strong:a,intensive:aintensify:vintension:n
1).Weshould____thestruggleforpeace.
2).Therearefewstrongsituationsormomentsofdramatic______.3).Theyhavebeenreceivingafour-day____trainingcourse.4).Theykeptworkinginthe____heat.
Answers:intensify,intensity,intensive,intense
8. defective:adefect:n
9. assemble:vassembly:n
10. exposesth/sbtosth:
1) .Peopleoftenexposetheirskintothesuninsummer.2).Iwon'texposemysoldierstosuchunnecessaryrisks.
11.inthat:
1).Ilikethecountrybetterinthatitisclosertonature.
12.inquestion:()Weknownothingabouttheplaninquestion.
Analyzethedifficultsentences
1.Mostoftoday'srobotsareemployedintheautomotiveindustry,wheretheyareprogrammedtotakeoversuchjobsasweldingandspraypaintingautomobileandtruckbodies.(p2)
whereintheautomotiveindustryemploy:vuse;program:vtakeover:Doyouwantmetotakeoverthedrivingifyouaretired?such...asweldingandspraypainting
2.Robots,alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefield,arebeginningtobeseen,althoughtoalesserdegree,inotherindustriesaswell.(p3)
alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefieldtobeseenalthoughtoalesserdegreetoalesserdegreetoalargerdegree.
3.Therobotsusedinnuclearpantshandletheradioactivematerials,preventinghumanpersonnelfrombeingexposedtoradiation.(p3)
Therobotshandletheradioactivematerialsusedinnuclearpantshandletheradioactivematerialspreventinghumanpersonnelfrombeingexposedtoradiationbeingexposedtopreventsbfromdoing
4.Robotsdifferformautomaticmachinesinthataftercompletionofonespecifictask,theycanbereprogrammedbyacomputertodoanotherone.(p4)
inthat,because,
Menaredifferentfromotheranimalsinthattheformercancreateandusetoolswhilethelattercannot.
5.Itisnotyetknownwhetherrobotswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashumanvision.(p5)
whetheritasgoodashumanvisionvision;
6.Engineersworkingonotheradvancesaredesigningandexperimentingwithnewtypesofmetalhandsandfingers,givingrobotsasenseoftouch.(p6)
-ingworkingonotheradvancesaredesigningandexperimentinggivingrobotsasenseoftouchexperimentwithsth
7.Thesefuturerobots,assembledwithasenseoftouchandtheabilitytoseeandmakedecisions,willhaveplentyofworktodo.(p7)
Thesefuturerobotswillhaveplentyofworktodoassembledwithasenseoftouchandtheabilitytoseeandmakedecisionstoseeandmakedecisionstheability.beassembledwithsth=beequippedwthsthasenseoftouchasenseofsight/hearing/smell/taste:asenseofhumor/direction:/makedecisionsplentyofsth
8.Anyonewantingtounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.(p7)
wantingtounderstandtheindustryofthefutureanyone.knowaboutsth
if,whether,that
it
1.Itit
Ititthatwho/whom
1).Itisapitythatyoudidn'tgotoseethefilm.2).Itdoesn'tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.3).Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.4).ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.
itItissaidthat...Itisreportedthat...
Itiswellknownthat...Itisannouncedthat...Itisbelievedthat...Itisthoughtthat...
Itisunderstoodthat...Itmustbepointedoutthat...Itmustbeadmittedthat...2.
Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.3.1thatwhat
thatwhatwhatthatWhathewantsisabook.
Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.2ifwhether
ifwhether
Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3
who,which,when,where,why,how
Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetisnotdecided.Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.
Whichcaryouwillchoosetobuymakesnodifference.
1.thatShesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.Hesaid(that)theywerehavingameetingatthattime.
Theteachertoldus(that)nothingisdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.
Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
2.
1)think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagineIdon'tthinkIknowyou.Idon'tbelievehewillcome.hope,Ihopeyouweren'till.2)seem,appear
Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.
Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.
be,look,remain,seemthatthereasonisthatItisbecause
1)thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecan'tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.
4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus..
1.
that
1)Theking'sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2
(1)thatthat
(2)
1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.thatthat
2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.thatKeywordsandphrases
1.warning:nwarn:vwarnsbnottodosth;givesbawarning2.shift:v/n
1).Therehasbeenashiftinfashionfromformaltomoreinformaldress.2).Thewindshiftedfromeasttonorth.
3).Sheworksthedayshiftandherhusbandworksthenightshift.
3.speculate:vspeculateon/upon/aboutsth,speculation:n,speculator:n4.datum:ndata;bacterium:bacteria;medium,media.
5.reliability:nreliable:aunreliable:a6.partial:abepartialtosb.
7.up-to-date:aoutofdate:todate:1).Willlongdressgooutofdatenextyear?
2).Todate,wehavenotreceivedanyrepliesfromhim.3).Shealwayswearsclothesthatarerightuptodate.8.analyze:vanalysis:nanalyses.9.workon:
1).Thescientisthasbeenworkingonenvironmentalprotectionformanyyears.
2).Thesufferingsofthepoorworkedonourfeelingssomuchthatwegavethemallthehelpwecould.
10.setsthup:
1).Astatuewassetupinthecenterofthecity.
2).Manycountriesagreedtosetupaninternationalorganizationtokeeppeace.3).Einsteinsetupmanyimportanttheories.Analyzethedifficultsentences:
1.Scientistsareworkingonprogramtopredictwhereandwhenanearthquakewilloccur.(P1)
Scientistsareworkingonprogramtopredictwhereandwhenanearthquakewilloccurprogram.whereandwhenanearthquakewilloccurpredictworkon:Thesufferingsofthepoorworkedonourfeelingssomuchthatwegavethemallthehelpwecould.
2.Theyhopetodevelopanearlywarningsystemthatcanbeusedtoforecastearthquakessothatlivingcanbesaved.(P1)
thatanearlywarningsystemsothat
3.TwoofthebiggestearthquakesthatwereeverrecordedtookplaceinChinaandAlaska.(P2)
Twoofthebiggestearthquakestookplacethebiggest;thatwereeverrecordedwererecordedtakeplace
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinBeijinginrecentyears.
4.ThenationsthatareactivelyinvolvedinearthquakepredictionprogramsincludeJapan,..(P4)
beinvolvedinsthbeactivelyinvolvedinsthAllthecountriesintheworldshouldbeactivelyinvolvedinprotectingtheenvironment.5.Thesenetworksareonthealertforwarningsignsthatshowtheweakeningofrocklayersthatcanprecedeanearthquake.(P4)
Thesenetworksareonthealertforwarningsignsthatwarningsignstheweakeningofrocklayersonthealert:
Passengersonbusesshouldbeonthealertagainstpick-pockets.
6.Theywatchforchangesinthewaterlevelandtemperaturethatareassociatedwithmovementalongfaults.(P4)
watchforbeassociatedwith
7.Everyoneagreesthatearthquakescannotbepredictedwithanyreliability.(P6)
thatcannotbewithanyreliability
8.Whilethisisasmallstart,itisstillabeginning.(p6)
whilewhile
1).WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,ImetanE.T.
2).IlikewatchingTVwhilemyhusbandlikesplayingchessinthesparetime.3).Whilehehastriesseveraltimes,hestillfailsagain.
Grammar:
,
.
1)here,there,now,then,thus,be,come,go,lie,runTheregoesthebell.Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.
2)InthefrontoftheclassroomstandsourEnglishteacher.
Aheadsatanoldwoman.
Herehecomes.Awaytheywent.
do,doesdid
1)no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil
NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.
Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.
Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.NotuntilIhaveneverseensuchaperformance.
Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.
1)Whycan'tIsmokehere?Atnotime___inthemeeting-roomA.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit
A.no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntilSmokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.
2)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didn'tmanknowD.didmanknow
D.NotuntilCD
Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.not,
Notonlybutalso,Hardly/Scarcelywhen,Nosoonerthan
1).Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.2).Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.3).Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.so,neither,nor
''''TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.
---DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?---Idon'tknow,_____.
A.nordon'tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon'tcareneitherD.Idon'tcarealsoB.nor''Adon'tCneitherD
so''TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.---It'sraininghard.---Soitis.only
OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.
Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.
Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.as,though
as/though,,,1)2),,
Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.
:thoughalthoughbutthoughyet
1)sothatso
Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.2)Mayyouallbehappy.
3)were,had,shouldifwere,had,shouldWereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.
1Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatisA.mandidknowB.manknewC.didn'tmanknowD.didmanknowD.Not2NotuntilIbegantowork___howmuchtimeIhadwasted.
A.didn'tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn'trealizeD.IrealizeB
3)DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?Idon'tknow,___.
A.nordon'tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon'tcareneitherD.Idon'tcarealsoB.nor''so,neither,nor,so,neither,nor
(1)