Student’s first & last name: ____________________________________________Today’s date: ____________

World Geography Grade 7 Period: _____

Module 7: Canada (textbook Pp. 222-245) Lesson 2: History and CultureDirections: Use your textbook or the Xeroxed copy of your textbook to locate and answer the questions that follow. If you cannot immediately locate an answer, read the page that it is on, and then perhaps the page before that, to help you. Try to complete all the work on your own, independently, without asking for help, since it is an important skill in both school and life to be able to gain knowledge from interacting with the information in a book. This work is not difficult to produce; it may take some effort and work but it is very do-able for independent learners to complete.

HISTORY, Pp. 230-233

1. (P. 230) As the ice sheets of the _______ ________melted, people moved into all areas of what is now Canada. As they did elsewhere in the ________________, these ancient settlers adapted to the physical environment.

Native Canadians, P. 230

2. (P. 230) Native peoples such as the Inuit (IH-nu-wuht) peoples and others were the first ___________________. Over the years, some of these native peoples divided into groups that became known as the ___________ _______________. One group living on Canada’s vast interior plains, the Cree, were skilled _____________ hunters. In the far north, the Inuits ____________ to the region’s extreme cold, where ________________ was impossible. By hunting ____________ , ____________ , ______________and other ________________ , the Inuits could _____________ , ____________, and house themselves. Today more than 1 million Aboriginals and Inuit live in ____________.

EXTRA CREDIT QUESTIONS: Look at the photographs of these Inuit families. What do you notice about their clothing? _______________

_______________

_______________

Why do you think they choose to dress in that manner? ____________________________________________

What do you notice about how happy or sad they look? ___________________________ In your opinion, based on your knowledge and what you have learned, WHY do you think they probably feel that way? ______

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 1 of 8 pages

European Settlement, P. 230

3. (P. 230) Other people migrated to Canada from ___________. The first Europeans in Canada were the ___________, or Norse. They settled on _________________________ _____________ in about AD 1000, but later abandoned their ___________________. In the late 1400s other _______________ arrived and explored Canada. Soon more explorers and _____________ from western Europe began crossing the _____________.

EXTRA CREDIT QUESTIONS: Did the Vikings really wear helmets with horns on the sides? Why or why not?_________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Name as many Norse names, traditions, myths, or other items as you can here: ____________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4. (P. 230) Trade quickly ______________________ between the _______________ and __________________ ___________________. Europeans valued the _________ that Native Canadians supplied. The _____________ wanted European __________goods like _________ and _________. Through trading, they began to also exchange ____________, ______________ and _____________ of ___________.

New France, P. 231.

5. (P. 231) France was the first _______________ country to _______________ settle parts of what would become Canada. The _____________ established ________________ __________ in 1608. They called their new territories _________ _____________. At its height, New France included much of _____________ Canada and the _________________ ______________ ______________.

6. (P. 231) New France was _______________ for several reasons. It was part of the French ___________, which provided ____________ and _____________ to French settlers. It also served as a base to spread _________________ ________________.

7. (P. 231) France had to compete with _____________, another European _______________ _____________, for control of Canada. To ___________ their ____________ against the British, the French built __________ and _______________ relationships with ______________ _____________________. They exported ______, __________, and other products from ________ _____________to other parts of their ____________. In addition, the French sent ______________________ ___________ from ___________ to New France. French ___________________ also went to New France to ______________ people to ____________________. Page 2 of 8 pages.

(Left) This illustration shows an early settlement in Quebec. French settlers in European style clothing, and Native Canadians in leather clothing, mingle freely in several groups. Some converse. Others are buying and selling goods, such as furs and animal skins. A

large stone building stands in the background. A tall log fence is being built around it. Several people are working on this project. This artist’s depiction of the early settlement of Quebec portrays harmony between the French settlers and the Native Canadians.

EXTRA CREDIT QUESTION: Would you like to go back in time and visit an early New France settlement? ______

Why or why not? ___________________________________________________________________________

8. (P. 231) All of these efforts ______________ French interests in New France for 150 years, until the ____________ finally defeated the ___________. Although it did not last, New France shaped Canada’s _____________ makeup. The __________________ of French settlers form one of Canada’s major _________ groups today. EXTRA CREDIT QUESTION: What language do many Canadians speak, in addition to English, even today? ______________ Why is that so? ________________________________________________________

British Conquest, P. 232.

9. (P. 232) In the mid-1700s the _______________between ___________and ___________turned to _______. The conflict was called the ____________ _________ ______________ _________. This was the war that resulted in the ___________ taking control of New France away from the ___________. EXTRA CREDIT QUESTIONS: What is the other name for this war? The ______ ______________ _______.

Which side won this war? The ________________.

10. (P. 232) A small number of French went back to _____________. However, the great ______________ stayed. For most of them, few changes occurred in their daily _____________. They ______________ the same land, _____________ in the same ____________, and continued to speak ___________. England’s passage of the _______________ _______ in 1774 supported the French-speaking colonists by making it ______________ for Roman Catholics in Quebec to hold ____________ ____________. Most of the French in Quebec were ____________ _____________, while English-speaking Canadian settlers tended to be ________________________. Few English-speaking settlers came to what is now called ______________. EXTRA

CREDIT QUESTION: What are the people who live in Quebec called? __________________________________.Page 3 of 8 pages.

11. (P. 232) The British divided Quebec into two ____________. Lower Canada was mostly __________-speaking, and Upper Canada was mostly ___________-speaking. The ________________ between Upper and Lower Canada forms part of the border between the _______________ of _______________and ____________ today. Provinces are administrative divisions of a country. [comparable with states in the USA] To the east, the colony of Nova Scotia (noh-vuh SKOH-shuh) was also divided. A new colony called__________ __________________ was created where many of the British settlers lived.

EXTRA CREDIT QUESTIONS: What does “Nova Scotia” mean in English? ________________________________

Why would the British call their new colony “New Brunswick?”_______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(Photos to the left and below: The lighthouse at Peggy’s Cove, Nova Scotia, is considered one of the most beautiful locations to visit. Many people still make their living from the sea as fishermen. The breathtaking cliffs and beautiful landscapes draw thousands of visitors each year to Nova Scotia. )

Creation of Canada , P. 233.

12. (P. 233) For several _______________, these new colonies developed ________________ from each other. The colonists viewed themselves as ________________ from

other parts of the ____________ _______________. Therefore, the British ________________ created the Dominion of Canada in 1867. A ____________________ is a territory or area of influence.

13. (P. 233) This founding document ________________ the __________________ look at themselves in a slightly _____________ light. For Canadians, the creation of the _______________ was a step toward ____________________ from ____________. Now the colonists needed to make some changes that might better help to ___________ their ____________ land. The motto of the new Dominion was “__________ ________ to __________.”

14. (P. 233) How would Canadians create a __________ from sea to sea? With ____________. When the Dominion was established, ____________ and _____________ were already well served by railroads. British _________________, on the __________ __________ was not. To connect ___________ ________________ with the provinces in the east, the Canadians built a _____________________ railroad. Completed in 1885, the ______________ ____________________ _____________________was Canada’s first transcontinental railroad. EXTRA CREDIT QUESTION: Would you like to take a trip on the Canadian Pacific Railway? Where would you like to go? Why? ___________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 4 of 8 pages.

15. (P. 233) After the Canadian Pacific Railway linked the original Canadian provinces to British Columbia, Canada acquired ________ (large amounts of) lands in the __________. Much of this land was bought from the ______________ ___________ __________________, a large British _____ - ____________ business. Most of the people living in the north were ____________ Canadians and people of ____________ European and _____________ancestry. With the building of the railroad and the signing of _____________ with __________ Canadians, early Canadian _____________created a way for more people to settle Canada’s new _______________________.

Culture, Pp. 234-236.

16. (P. 234) Canada’s people _________ a history of _________ and French ______________ ________. In addition, the country has experienced waves of _________________. The country is home to a great _______________ of people who belong to different ___________ __________ and ____________. Although individual groups still keep their own ____________ ways, many Canadians have tried to create a single _________________ _______________.

Immigration, Pp. 234-235.

17. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, many _________________ came to Canada from _____________. Most were from _____________, _____________ , and __________________. Some people also came from the _____________ _____________. While most of these immigrants _____________, others worked in _____________ , ____________ and _______________. Other immigrants were lured to Canada in 1897 by the ______________ of _________ in the _____________ __________________. Many people from the United States ______________ north in search of _______________ _________.

18. (P. 234) Immigrants also came to Canada from __________countries, especially ___________, ____________, and ___________. British Columbia became the first Canadian province to have a large Asian __________________. Many Chinese immigrants _____________ to Canada to work on the railroads. Chinese immigrants built most of the ________________ ______________ _______________, one of

the railroad lines linking eastern Canada to the ____________ ______________. Page 5 of 8 pages.

(Photo left: Chinese immigrants took on the back-breaking job of building Canada’s transcontinental railroad.)

19. (P. 234) All of these _____________ played an important part in an _______________ boom that Canada experienced in the early 1900s. During these ______________ times, _____________, ______ ____________, and ______________ produced wheat, _________, and ___________. British Columbia and _____________ supplied the country with ______________ and ____________________ [electricity

produced by sending controlled water through turning turbines] . As a result, Canadians enjoyed one of the highest _______________________ of _______________ in the world by the 1940s.

20. (P. 235) Today, Canada values its immigrants. The __________________t recognizes not only that immigrants historically helped _____________ the ____________, but continue to help build it today. In 2010 the country launched the _____________________ __________________ ________________ ____________ (CIIP) to help immigrants prepare for ____________ in their new country even before they leave their ________ ________. The program connects them directly with _____________ they need, including ___________________ and ________________, so that they are better prepared to take their place as part of the ___________________ _______________.

21. (P. 235) Many immigrant families _____________ __________________their children to ___________ in _________________. While a ___________ _________________ often helps these _____________ - _________________ Canadians to succeed, it can have less intended consequences. Immigrant children often ____________ and ____________ the _________________and ________________ of their new country faster than their _____________. In some families, ____________ depend on their _______________ as translators in certain situations, but still expect their children to ____________completely to their _____________. This ______________, often seen in families from ______________with _____________ ___________________ _________________ surrounding family roles, can lead to tension between the generations.

Movement to Cities, Pp. 235-236

22. After ___________ _________ _____, another wave of _______________from ____________ arrived in Canada. Many settled in Canada’s _________ ________. For example, ____________ has become one of the most _____________ _____________ cities in the world. The Europeans were joined by other people from _____________,

the _________________, _________ _________________, and particularly ________. Asian businesspeople have brought a great deal of ___________ to Canada’s economy.

Page 6 of 8 pages.

23. (P. 236) Many Canadians have recently _____________ from ____________ to the country’s __________. Some settlements in ___________ Canada have even ______________________ because so many people left. Many Canadians have moved to cities in ____________ to find _________. Others moved to ______________, British Columbia, for its good job __________________, mild _____________, and location near plentiful ________________. Resources such as ______, ________, ______________, and ________________ have provided ____________ to many cities in the ______________ Provinces. However, the _______________and ________________ center of power remains in the cities of ____________, _______________, and _______________.

(Line drawing at left and photo below: Ottawa, the capital city of Canada, features the magnificent Parliament Building. It is open to the public for tours and sits on a hill above a sweeping front lawn leading down to lovely outdoor shopping and dining area. On the other side of Parliament Hill is the Ottawa River.)

Summary and Preview, P. 236

24. In this lesson you learned that _____________ was greatly influenced by __________ and _____________ settlement, the building of the _______________ to the ___________ coast, ___________________, and movement to __________. In the next lesson, you will learn about Canada’s regions and economy today.

Page 7 of 8 pages.

Key Word Use key word in a sentence about Canada’s history or culture.

Inuit

Vikings

New France

Dominion of Canada

railroads

Yukon Territory

Immigrants

Cities

Page 8 of 8 pages.