Classification & TaxonomyDay 1

Classification

Used to:1) Name organisms2) Group organisms in logical order

**Quick Write Activity: Answer the following in your notes:** Why do we need a standard system for naming things?

(get stamps from teacher)

Taxonomy

= scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name

Carolus Linnaeus

=Father of taxonomy; He developed binomial nomenclature

Binomial Nomenclature

= each species assigned a two part scientific nameRules

1. Always written in ITALICS2. First letter of first word capitalized (Genus)3. Second word all lower case (species)4. First word= genus5. Second word=species6. Always in Latin

Example: Homo sapien ( Humans )

Hierarchical System

Taxon= each level in system

KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamily GenusSpecies

King Phillip Came Over ForGood Soup

Phylogeny

= study of evolutionary relationships among organism

A.K.A Cladogram

**There are 3 Domains and 6 Kingdoms**

Bacteria

•Kingdom: Eubacteria Archae

•Kingdom: ArchaebacteriaEukarya

•Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Domain Bacteria

-Only Kingdom=Eubacteria-Characteristics • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Thick ridged cell wall made of peptidoglycan-Two types • Aerobes= need oxygen • Anaerobes= do NOT need oxygen

Domain Archae

- Only Kingdom= Archaebacteria- Characteristics

• Unicellular• Prokaryotic• Live in extreme environments Example: volcanic hot springs • Cell walls LACK peptidoglycan

- Most are anaerobes

Classification & Taxonomy

Prokaryotic Cells Review1. Only bacterial cells2. Do not have a nucleus3. DNA is found in the cytoplasm4. Do not have membrane bound

organelles

Day 2

Domain Eukarya

- All are Eukaryotic cells-Has 4 Kingdoms

1) Protista2) Fungi3) Plantae4) Animalia

Kingdom Protista

-Eukaryotic-Great variety-Characteristics • Most are single celled • Photosynthetic or heterotrophic

Kingdom Fungi

-EukaryoticCharacteristics: • Heterotrophs • Most feed on dead or decaying matter • Most are multicellular but some are unicellular

Kingdom Plantae

-Eukaryotic Characteristics: • Multicellular • Photosynthetic autotrophs • Cells contain chloroplast • Non-motile • Cell walls contain cellulose

Kingdom Animalia

-Eukaryotic-Very diverse

Characteristics: •Multicellular heterotrophs • Do NOT have cell walls • Most move about during at least part of their life cycle

Eukaryotic Cells Review

-More complex

-Have nucleus

-DNA found in nucleus

-Have membrane bound organelles

-Animals, plants, fungi, and protists