file · web viewfigure 14 shows some information in a booklet supplied with a gas boiler. fi gure...

Questions: Topic 3

Q1.

A house has a boiler to provide hot water.

One type of boiler burns natural gas.

Natural gas is a non-renewable source of energy.

(i) State a renewable source of energy that could be used to heat water in a house.

(1) .............................................................................................................................................

Figure 14 shows some information in a booklet supplied with a gas boiler.

Figure 14(ii) Calculate the energy transferred to the water by the boiler in one second.

(2)

energy transferred to water = ........................................................... J

(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q2.

Shot-put is an Olympic event. The shot is a heavy ball. An athlete throws the shot as far as possible.

A sports scientist analyses an athlete's throw to help improve performance.

In one throw, the shot continues to rise by another 1.3 m after it leaves the athlete's hand. The mass of the shot is 7.26 kg.

Calculate the amount of gravitational potential energy gained by the shot.

(2)

gravitational potential energy gained = ........................................................... J


Q3.

Figure 3 shows the energy transferred by one solar panel in one second.

Figure 3

(i) Use the information in Figure 3 to calculate the efficiency of the solar panel in generating electricity.

(3)

efficiency = ...........................................................

(ii) Give a reason why some of the energy reaching the panel from the Sun is not used to generate electricity.

(1) .............................................................................................................................................

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Q4.

In a science fiction story, lightning is used as an energy source for accelerating a car.

Figure 6In the story, the car has a kinetic energy of 960 kJ at a speed of 40 m/s.

(i) Calculate the mass of the car.

(4)

mass = ........................................................... kg

(ii) Only 5% of the energy of the lightning bolt is transferred to the kinetic energy of the car.

Calculate the total energy of the lightning bolt in MJ.(2)

energy = ........................................................... MJ


Q5.




* A company has developed a new material which they think could be used instead of foam around the cylinder.

Devise an investigation they could carry out to make a fair comparison of the insulating properties of their new material with those of the foam.

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Q6.

(a) Here are some forms of energy:

(i) Use words from the box to complete the table. Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

The first one has been done for you.

(3)

(ii) In the electric motor only some of the electrical energy is transferred into kinetic energy.

State what happens to the remaining electrical energy.

(1).............................................................................................................................................

(b) Many appliances are sold with an energy efficiency rating.

A-rated appliances are the most energy efficient.

Here is some information about two types of electric lamp.

(i) Calculate how much energy is wasted in one second by the compact fluorescent lamp (CFL).

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Use the energy transfer diagrams to explain why the CFL lamp has a better efficiency rating than the halogen lamp.

(2).............................................................................................................................................

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(c) The photograph shows an electric heater used to warm garages.

When the heater is switched on, it quickly warms up and then stays at a constant temperature. Explain why the heater stays at a constant temperature.

(2).............................................................................................................................................

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(Total for Question is 9 marks)

Q7.




Figure 9 shows a foam jacket around a copper cylinder.

Figure 9The hot water is stored in the copper cylinder until it is needed.

The foam jacket helps to keep the water hot.

Explain how the foam helps to keep the water hot.

(2) .............................................................................................................................................

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Q8.

(a) Eric owns a small farm where chicks are hatched from eggs.

He is considering generating his own electricity to heat and light a barn rather than using electricity from the National Grid.

This graph shows how the energy output varies with wind speed for two different wind turbines, A and B.

The average wind speed at Eric's farm is 13 mph. The total heating and lighting in the barn requires 6000 kW h of electrical energy each year.

(i) Use the data in the graph to recommend the best turbine for Eric's barn.

(1) ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Eric pays 14p per kW h for electrical energy supplied by the National Grid. Calculate how much he could expect to save each year by using the energy from this wind turbine to heat and light the barn.

(2)

..............................................................................................................................................(iii) Eric looks at the cost of installing the turbine.

State how he should work out the payback time.

(1).............................................................................................................................................

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(iv) The chicks need to be kept warm at all times. Eric uses halogen lamps to provide heat and light for most of the day. Eric thinks about changing his halogen lamps for energy saving lamps. Suggest why this might not actually be a benefit.

(2).............................................................................................................................................

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*(b) There are several large-scale energy resources which are suitable alternatives to fossil fuels in some situations. Two of these alternatives are hydro-electric power and solar power. Compare hydro-electric power with solar power as energy resources for the large-scale generation of electricity.

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(Total for Question is 12 marks)

Q9.

A student investigates how the average speed of the trolley varies with starting height.

Figure 9 shows the trolley and runway.

Figure 9

(a) Describe how the student can determine the average speed of the trolley.

(4)

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(b) Figure 10 shows his results.

Figure 10

Figure 11 shows the student's graph.

Figure 11

(i) The trolley has a mass of 650 g.Calculate the average kinetic energy of the trolley which had a starting height of 0.075 m.

(2)

average kinetic energy = ........................................................... J

(ii) Determine the gradient of the graph when the height is 0.1 m.(2)

gradient = ...........................................................

(iii) Describe how the speed of the trolley varies with the changes in height made by the student between 0.04 m and 0.12 m.

(2)

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(c) The student wants to change his experiment to investigate how different surfaces of the runway affect the speed of the trolley down the slope.

Devise an experiment that would allow him to investigate the effect of different surfaces on the average speed of the trolley.

(3)

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Q10.

Figure 7 shows a submarine being propelled forward underwater.

Figure 7The thrust and the resistive forces are represented in magnitude and direction by the arrows in Figure 7.

Suggest two advantages of using nuclear-powered submarines compared to diesel-powered submarines.

(2)1 ..........................................................................................................................................

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Q11.

Figure 1 shows a solar-powered charger for a mobile phone.

Figure 1

The screen of the solar cell takes in energy from the Sun.

State how energy is stored in the charger.

(1)

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(Total for question = 1 mark)

Mark Scheme

Q1.

Q2.

Q6.

Answer Acceptable answers

Mark

(ai) (Bow and arrow:) kinetic (1) (Electric kettle:) heat (thermal) (1) (Microphone: ) sound (1)

Heat/thermal (3)

(a)(ii) Any one from (transferred into) thermal/heat/sound(energy) (1) (Energy) is dissipated (1)

Do not accept light energy or it disappears goes into surroundings/air (energy) is wasted/lost

(1)

(b)(i) 12 (J) Ignore any unit given by candidate.

20 - 8 (J) (1)

(b)(ii) An explanation linking any two of (For the) same amount of electrical/supplied (energy/power) (1) (CFL/it) has a greater output (of light energy) (1) (CFL/it) wastes less (electrical energy) (1)

Same input (energy) gives out/produces more light/useful (energy) Do not accept more energy is used in the (CFL/it) Ignore brightness. (CFL/it) produces less thermal/heat (energy) Accept explanations using data from the energy transfer diagrams as comparisons eg (CFL/it) is four times

(2)

as efficient gains both marks

(c) An explanation linking dissipating heat (1) at same (rate)/as quickly as energy is being supplied (1)

gives out/radiates/conducts/ convects /loses /produces heat/thermal/ energy gives out as much energy/power as it takes in(each second) Gains both marks If no other marks scored: There is a constant current/ steady flow of energy into the heater gains one mark Ignore refs to thermostat

(2)

Total for Question = 9 marks

Q7.

Q8.

Answer Acceptable answers

Mark

(ai) Model A because Model A (can produce up to )7200kWh per year (at 13mph) / will produce 6000 kWh (with given wind speed). (1)

Model B produces less than 6000kWh per year at 13mph /requires wind speed of more than 13mph to produce 6000kWh

(1)

(aii) Substitution (1) 0.14 × 6000 Evaluation (1) (£)840

Allow incorrect conversion of p to £ such as 0.014 × 6000 for 1 mark only

(2)

84 000 p correct answer with no working shown gains both marks

(aiii) Divide the installation cost by the annual saving (to find the time in years) (1)

£840 for annual saving

(1)

(aiv) A suggestion linking (energy saving lamps) would not transfer so much thermal energy (1) he may have to use additional heating / lights (which would cost money to run/ purchase) (1)

not get hot / produce so much heat reverse argument such as insufficient heat for chicks to thrive (Ignore references to light output.)

(2)

Indicative Content Mark

QWC *(b) A discussion including some of the following points Both HEP and Solar power are renewable Both HEP and Solar power would save fossil fuels HEP only possible in some locations HEP requires reservoirs and damming of rivers This can damage environment /takes a lot of land out of use Energy from solar power installation is currently much less than energy from fossil fuel powered station Solar power only suitable in certain locations Solar power reliability dependent on constant sunshine Neither of them cause atmospheric pollution

(6)

Level 0 No rewardable content1 1 - 2

a limited description such as at least one relevant detail of each resource eg: Solar power doesn't give off atmospheric pollution. HEP generates more power than solar power. the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses limited scientific terminology spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy

2 3 - 4 a simple discussion such as one which gives comparisons between the two or at least an advantage and disadvantage of both. eg: HEP does not use fossil fuels but it can damage the environment where is it located. Solar power will never run out but it requires lots of light/land. the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity and organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy

3 5 - 6 a detailed comparison such as one which relates advantages and disadvantages of both HEP and solar power to a particular situation for possible large scale use e.g.: Solar power uses a renewable energy source but it currently does not produce as much energy as fossil fuel station where there is little sunlight. HEP can produce a lot more energy where there are hills and water but only possible in certain geographical locations. the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range of scientific terminology accurately spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors

Q10.

Q11.

file · web viewfigure 14 shows some information in a booklet supplied with a gas boiler. fi gure...

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