Name: Kinesiology

Period:

Unit 2/Chapter 8: Joints of the Skeletal System (p. 261-282)

OBJECTIVES:

Define the term articulation. Distinguish between the functional and structural classification of joints, and relate the

terms that are essentially synonymous. Compare and contrast the terms synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis and give

examples of each. Name the three types of fibrous joints and give an example of each. Identify the difference between the epiphyseal plate and an intervertebral disc. Sketch a typical synovial joint labeling all structures. Then in text form, discuss the

function of each of the labeled structures. Name the components and functions of synovial fluid. Define the terms fatty pads, articular discs, and bursa, and name a key location for each. List and discuss three factors that influence the stability of a synovial joint. Distinguish between the origin and insertion of a muscle. Name the three general types of movements allowed by joints. List the angular movements allowed by synovial joints and give examples of each. Identify the special movements allowed by the joints of the radius and ulna, foot, and

shoulders. Name the six types of synovial joints and give an example of each. Explain how an intervertebral disc can be all of the following:

o an amphiarthrosiso cartilaginous jointo symphysiso gliding jointo and plane joint.

For each joint study, provide the following information:o structural classificationo functional classificationo bone (processes) involved in making the jointo movements allowed by jointo classification of joint based upon movements.

Discuss some important joint disorders.

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1. Understanding Words (p. 261) Define, give an example and explain the following:

acetabul –

anul –

arth –

burs –

condyl –

fov –

glen –

labr –

ov –

sutur –

syndesm –

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2. Classification of Joints (p. 262-265)Joints can be classified two ways:

according to the type of tissue that binds the bones

fibrous

cartilaginous

synovial

the degree of joint movement possible:

immovable (synarthrotic)

slightly moveable (amphiarthrotic)

freely moveable (diarthrotic)

2.1. Fibrous Joints

Why are they called fibrous joints?

Summarize the following three types of joints and label the appropriate diagrams:

fibrous

syndesmosis

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suture

gomphosis

Cartilaginous Joints

synchondrosis

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symphysis

synovial Joints

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3. General Structure of a Synovial Joint (p. 265-266): Describe the following terms as they apply to synovial joints:

articular cartilage

joint capsule

ligaments

synovial membrane

synovial cavity

synovial fluid

menisci

bursae

Label the following knee joint:

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4. Types of Joint Movements (p. 269-272). Describe each of the following joint movements and label the appropriate diagrams:

flexion

extension

hyperextension

dorsiflexion

plantar flexion

abduction

adduction

rotation

circumduction

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supination

pronation

eversion

inversion

protraction

retraction

elevation

depression

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5. Types of Synovial Joints (p. 267-268)

Describe and label the following types of synovial joints:

Ball and Socket

Condyloid

Gliding joint

Hinge joint

Pivot joint

Saddle joint

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6. Examples of Synovial Joints (p. 272-279). Label the following joints:6.1. shoulder joint

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6.2. elbow joint

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6.3. hip joint

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6.4. knee joint

7. Life Span Changes (p. 279-282). Summarize life span changes:

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8. Joint Disorders (p. 280-281). Summarize the following disorders:8.1. sprains

8.2. bursitis

8.3. arthritis

8.4. rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

8.5. osteoarthritis

8.6. Lyme arthritis

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