sciencefutures3456.files.wordpress.com€¦ · web view01/11/2013 · the hygrometer . measures...

Extra Support for Vocabulary and ConceptsName _____________________________________________

What Is the Water Cycle?Science WordsWater cycle [WAW•ter SY•kuhl] the process through which water moves between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere

The sun provides the energy for water to move through the water cycle.

The water cycle is a like a circle that begins when water evaporates into the air, then condenses in clouds, and then falls back to Earth, only to evaporate again.

-Evaporation [ee•vap•uh•RAY•shuhn] the change from a liquid to a gas.

Evaporation takes place from every river, lake, ocean, birdbath, and puddle on Earth.

-Condensation [kahn•duhn•SAY•shuhn] the change of gas into a liquid

Condensation creates clouds when water vapor touches bits of dust and changes to tiny drops of water.

-Precipitation [pree•sip•uh•TAY•shuhn] water that falls from clouds to Earth’s surface

When water droplets become too heavy to stay in the air, there is no way to prevent precipitation.

Rain, snow, and hail are kinds of precipitation, water that falls from clouds to Earth’s surface.

Too much precipitation can cause flooding; too little can cause a drought.

1


Forms of precipitation

Rain: is the liquid water.

Snow: is made of ice crystals

Sleet: is frozen rain

Hail: is round pieces of ice.

-Runoff [RUH•awf] water that cannot soak into the ground and instead flows across Earth’s surface

-Groundwater [GROWND•WAW•ter] water that is stored underground

Choose the best answer:1-Maria draws the following diagram of the water cycle.

What should she label the process of water moving

from the ocean to the atmosphere?

condensation

evaporation

infiltration

precipitation

2-Water on Earth constantly moves between Earth’s surface and its atmosphere. How does water arrive at Earth’s surface?

through runoff through evaporation

through condensation through precipitation

3-Water exists in various states as it passes through the water cycle. Which form of water is the most common any time in the water cycle?

frozen ice water vapor

liquid salt water ice

2


4. Sleet and hail are forms of:

A clouds B energy

C evaporation D precipitation

Match the clue on the left to the term on the right.

1-Water moves through Earth’s ecosystems. A. Groundwater

2-Water changes from liquid to water vapor. B. Precipitation

3-Water vapor changes into liquid water. C. Condensation

4-Precipitation that collects underground D. Evaporation

5-Water that returns to Earth’s surface E. Water cycle

Put each word in its place in the diagram

1-Evaporation

2-Condensation

3-precipitation

4-Run off

5-ground water

3


What Are Types of Weather?Science WordsWeather [WETH•er] the condition of the atmosphere at a given time and place

When you think of weather, think of the other w- words—wet and windy. If it is raining or snowing, the weather is wet. If the air is moving fast, then the weather is windy.

-Atmosphere [AT•muhs•feer] the mixture of gases that surrounds Earth.

-The Ozone layer in the Earth’s atmosphere protects Earth from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays.

-Weather takes place in the layer of atmosphere closest to Earth.

- Humidity [hyoo•MID*uh•tee] the amount of water vapor in the air

When people complain that it’s sticky out, they mean that the humidity is high, which makes the their skin feel sticky.

The hygrometer measures humidity

-Air pressure [AIR PRESH•er] the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on Earth’s surface

Pressure contains the word press. When you press on something you push it. Air pressure is air pushing down on Earth.

A barometer is an instrument used to measure changes in air pressure.

4


How Is Weather Predicted?Science Words-Air mass [AIR MAS] a large body of air

with the same temperature and humidity throughout.

When air masses move, they come into contact with other air masses.

The border between one air mass and another is called a front.

-Wind results from air moving from areas of

high pressure to areas of low pressure

Anemometer measures the speed of wind.

Local Winds

A local winds, a wind that results from a local difference in temperature. Local winds often occur on

lakeshores or seashores.

Sea breeze:

Sea breezes happen during the day when the land is warmer.

Cooler, higher-pressure air flows from

over the water to the land, forming a sea breeze.

Land breeze

Land breezes happen at night when the land is cooler.

Cooler, higher-pressure air flows from

the land toward the sea, forming a land breeze.

5


How Clouds Form

Air often contains water in the form of a gas called water vapor.

Clouds form as water vapor cools and condenses.

A cloud is made up of tiny water droplets and ice crystals, so small that air currents hold them up.

There are three main types of clouds, cumulus, cirrus, and stratus.

1-STRATUS CLOUDS

Stratus clouds form low in the atmosphere.

They usually cover the sky.

Heavy precipitation does not usually fall from stratus clouds,

but moderate rainfall or snowfall is possible.

2-CIRRUS CLOUDS

Cirrus clouds form high in the atmosphere,

where the air is very cold.

They are made mostly of ice crystals.

3-CUMULUS CLOUDS

Cumulus clouds are puffy.

They indicate fair weather, but as a cumulus cloud grows,

rain can develop.

6


Tracking the Weather

weather satellite and Weather balloons collect data high up in the troposphere.

Weather satellites orbit Earth and can track the weather over very large areas.

They collect weather data, such as cloud cover,

and track storms, such as hurricanes.

Weather balloons carry tools, that measure

air temperature, air pressure, and humidity.

The weather data collected by weather satellites, weather-monitoring stations, are sent to computers.

Computers help store and analyze the data and weather patterns to make weather maps .

Meteorologists study these maps and use them to make weather forecasts.

Choose the best answer:

7


1-The diagram below shows a location where two air masses meet.

Which of the following does the diagram represent?

A-an air mass B-a frontC-a hurricane D-a prediction

2-Which of the following is a large body of air with the same temperature and humidity throughout?

A-an air mass B-a hurricaneC-a cold front D-an air pressure

3-Which symbol indicates a warm front?

A- C-

B- D-

4-Bridget notices gray, low clouds moving in to cover much of the sky. Which kind of cloud is she observing?

A-thunderclouds B-stratusC-cirrus D-cumulus

5-Consuela records the following information in her science journal: “The temperature is 10 ˚C, the wind speed is 5 km/hr, and the barometer reads 752 mb.” Which of the following is Consuela describing?

A-atmosphere B-climateC-precipitation D-weather

8


6-Lila observes that the sky is covered with a sheet of thick, gray clouds. What kind of weather is most likely to occur?

A-rainy B-sunnyC-very cold D-windy

7-A person observing weather conditions states that the wind in an area is blowing at 5 km/hr. Which tool could the weather observer have used to gather this information?

A- C-

B- D-

8. Sleet and hail are forms of:

A clouds B energy

C evaporation D precipitation

Use this space to complete the graphic organizer.

9


Complete the following:

anemometer barometer water cycle land breezeprecipitation air mass evaporation p warm front condensation

1.A breeze moving from the land to the sea is a _______.

2.Air pressure is measured with a _______.

3.A gas changes to a liquid during the process of _______.

4.A large body of air is called an _______.

5.Water that falls to Earth from the air is known as _______.

6.A liquid changes to a gas during the process of _______.

7.Warm air pushes forward and moves over cold air along a _______.

8.Wind speed is measured with an ____ ___.

9.The movement of water through the environment is known as the _______.

-Answer the following:

Examine the diagram of a seashore. Why do sea breezes form?

.

.

10

sciencefutures3456.files.wordpress.com€¦ · web view01/11/2013 · the hygrometer . measures...

Documents