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Challenge AGRAMMAR NOTEBOOK

SEMESTER 2

GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 1

Active Voice – Indicative MoodNo 163: Imperfect Tense (present stem)

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P laud-ābam I was praisingSingular 2nd P. laud-ābas you were praisingSingular 3rd P. laud-ābat he, she, it were praising

Plural 1st P. laud-ābāmus we were praisingPlural 2nd P. laud-ābātis you were praisingPlural 3rd P. laud-ābant they were praising

No 164: Future Tense (present stem)

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P laud-ābō I will praise (he, she, it will be praising)Singular 2nd P. laud-ābis you will praise (he, she, it will be praising)Singular 3rd P. laud-ābit he, she, it will praise (he, she, it will be praising)

Plural 1st P. laud-ābimus we will praise (we will be praising)Plural 2nd P. laud-ābitis you will praise (you will be praising)Plural 3rd P. laud-ābunt they will praise (they will be praising)

Additional Rules from Reading:

Imperfect Indicative Active:

1. The imperfect of a verb is formed on the PRESENT STEM.

2. The ending has the a of the first conjugation

3. The FINAL PERSONAL SIGNS are the same as for the present tense.

4. The ending contains a TENSE SIGN: ba (e.g. laud-ā-ba-t), which is ALWAYS THE SIGN OF THE IMPERFECT TENSE (The Latin verb is thus a sort of CODE which you learn to decipher.)

Future Indicative Active

1. The future tense is formed on the PRESENT STEM.

2. The ending had the a of the first conjugation

3. The final personal signs are the same as for the present and the imperfect tenses.

4. The ending contains a tense sign, bi (e.g. laud-ā-BI-t) which is the sign of the future in the FIRST and SECOND conjugations.

Practice for Week 1


Practice the imperfect tense by adding the form and meaning using laudō, 1, tr, praise

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P laud-ābam I was praisingSingular 2nd P. laud-ābās You were praisingSingular 3rd P. laud-ābat he, she, it was praising



Practice the future tense by adding the form and meaning using laudo, 1, tr, praise

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P laud-ābō I shall praise (I shall be praising)Singular 2nd P. laud-ābis you will praise (you will be praising)Singular 3rd P. laud-ābit he, she, it will praise (he, she, it will be praising)

Plural 1st P. laud-ābimus we shall praise (we shall be praising)Plural 2nd P. laud-ābitis you will praise (you will be praising)Plural 3rd P. laud-ābunt they will praise (they will be praising)

Practice – Week 1

Review:

Additional Rules from Reading (pg 109, 112):

Imperfect Indicative Active:

5. The imperfect of a verb is formed on the PRESENT STEM.

6. The ending has the a of the first conjugation

7. The FINAL PERSONAL SIGNS are the same as for the present tense.

8. The ending contains a TENSE SIGN: ba (e.g. laud-ā-ba-t), which is ALWAYS THE SIGN OF THE IMPERFECT TENSE (The Latin verb is thus a sort of CODE which you learn to decipher.)

Future Indicative Active

5. The future tense is formed on the PRESENT STEM.

6. The ending had the a of the first conjugation

7. The final personal signs are the same as for the present and the imperfect tenses.

8. The ending contains a tense sign, bi (e.g. laud-ā-BI-t) which is the sign of the future in the FIRST and SECOND conjugations.

Additional Practice for Week 1

Practice the Imperfect tense by filling in form and meaning on the following charts:

IMPERFECT - pugnō, 1., intr. - fight

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P pugn-ābam I was fightingSingular 2nd P. pugn-ābās You were fightingSingular 3rd P. pugn-ābat he, she, it was fighting

Plural 1st P. pugn-ābāmus we were fightingPlural 2nd P. pugn-ābātis you were fightingPlural 3rd P. pugn-ābant they were fighting

FUTURE - pugnō, 1., intr. - fight

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P pugn-ābō I shall fight (I shall be fighting)Singular 2nd P. pugn-ābis you will fight (you will be fighting)Singular 3rd P. pugn-ābit he, she, it will fight (he, she, it will be fighting)

Plural 1st P. pugn-ābimus we shall fight (we shall be fighting)Plural 2nd P. pugn-ābitis you will fight (you will be fighting)Plural 3rd P. pugn-ābunt they will fight (they will be fighting)

IMPERFECT - superō, 1. tr. - overcome, conquer, surpass

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P super-ābam I was overcomingSingular 2nd P. super-ābās You were overcomingSingular 3rd P. super-ābat he, she, it was overcoming

Plural 1st P. super-ābāmus we were overcomingPlural 2nd P. super-ābātis you were overcomingPlural 3rd P. super-ābant they were overcoming

S2W1

FUTURE - superō, 1. tr. - overcome, conquer, surpass

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P super-ābō I shall overcome (I shall be overcoming)Singular 2nd P. super-ābis you will overcome (you will be overcoming)Singular 3rd P. super-ābit he, she, it will overcome (he, she, it will be

overcoming)

Plural 1st P. super-ābimus we shall overcome (we shall be overcoming)Plural 2nd P. super-ābitis you will overcome (you will be overcoming)Plural 3rd P. super-ābunt they will overcome (they will be overcoming)

IMPERFECT - portō, 1. tr. - carry

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P port-ābam I was carryingSingular 2nd P. port-ābās You were carryingSingular 3rd P. port-ābat he, she, it was carrying

Plural 1st P. port-ābāmus we were carryingPlural 2nd P. port-ābātis you were carryingPlural 3rd P. port-ābant they were carrying

FUTURE - portō, 1. tr. - carry

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P port-ābō I shall carry (I shall be carrying)Singular 2nd P. port-ābis you will carry (you will be carrying)Singular 3rd P. port-ābit he, she, it will carry (he, she, it will be carrying)

Plural 1st P. port-ābimus we shall carry (we shall be carrying)Plural 2nd P. port-ābitis you will carry (you will be carrying)Plural 3rd P. port-ābunt they will carry (they will be carrying)

S2W1

IMPERFECT - dō, dāre, dedī, datus, 1, tr. - give

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P d-ābam I was givingSingular 2nd P. d-ābās You were givingSingular 3rd P. d-ābat he, she, it was giving

Plural 1st P. d-ābāmus we were givingPlural 2nd P. d-ābātis you were givingPlural 3rd P. d-ābant they were giving

FUTURE - dō, dare, dedī, datus, 1, tr. - give

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P d-ābō I shall give (I shall be giving)Singular 2nd P. d-ābis you will give (you will be giving)Singular 3rd P. d-ābit he, she, it will give (he, she, it will be giving)

Plural 1st P. d-ābimus we shall give (we shall be giving)Plural 2nd P. d-ābitis you will give (you will be giving)Plural 3rd P. d-ābunt they will give (they will be giving)

IMPERFECT - vocō, 1. tr. - call

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P voc-ābam I was callingSingular 2nd P. voc-ābās You were callingSingular 3rd P. voc-ābat he, she, it was calling

Plural 1st P. voc-ābāmus we were callingPlural 2nd P. voc-ābātis you were callingPlural 3rd P. voc-ābant they were calling

S2W1

FUTURE - vocō, 1. tr. - call

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P d-ābō I shall call (I shall be calling)Singular 2nd P. d-ābis you will call (you will be calling)Singular 3rd P. d-ābit he, she, it will call (he, she, it will be calling)

Plural 1st P. d-ābimus we shall call (we shall be calling)Plural 2nd P. d-ābitis you will call (you will be calling)Plural 3rd P. d-ābunt they will call (they will be calling)

Review: Nouns

numerus, ī - number

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative numer-us The number Subject

Singular Genitive numer-ī Of the number, the number's Possessive

Singular Dative numer-ō To or for the number Indirect object

Singular Accusative numer-um The number Direct object

Singular Ablative numer-ō By, with, from the number Object of the Preposition

Plural Nominative numer-ī The numbers Subject

Plural Genitive numer-ōrum Of the numbers, the numbers' Possessive

Plural Dative numer-īs To or for the numbers Indirect object

Plural Accusative numer-ōs the numbers Direct object

Plural Ablative numer-īs By, with, from the numbers Object of the Preposition

S2W1

centuriō, centuriōnis - a centurion

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative centuriō The centurion Subject

Singular Genitive centuriōn-is Of the centurion, centurion’s Possessive

Singular Dative centuriōn-ī To or for the centurion Indirect object

Singular Accusative centuriōn-em The centurion Direct object

Singular Ablative centuriōn-e By, with, from the centurion Object of the Preposition

Plural Nominative centuriōn-ēs The centurions Subject

Plural Genitive centuriōn-um Of the centurions, centurions’

Possessive

Plural Dative centuriōn-ibus To or for the centurions Indirect object

Plural Accusative centuriōn-ēs the centurions Direct object

Plural Ablative centuriōn-ibus By, with, from the centurions Object of the Preposition

mors, mortis - death

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative mors death, the death Subject

Singular Genitive mort-is of death, death’s Possessive

Singular Dative mort-ī To or for the death Indirect object

Singular Accusative mort -em death, the death Direct object

Singular Ablative mort -e By, with, from the death Object of the Preposition

Plural Nominative mort -ēs deaths, the deaths Subject

Plural Genitive mort -ium Of deaths, deaths’ Possessive

Plural Dative mort -ibus To or for deaths Indirect object

Plural Accusative mort -ēs deaths Direct object

Plural Ablative mort -ibus By, with, from deaths Object of the Preposition

S2W1

hīberna, hībernōrum – winter quarters

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative None Subject

Singular Genitive Possessive

Singular Dative Indirect object

Singular Accusative Direct object

Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition

Plural Nominative hībern -ā winter quarters, the winter quarters

Subject

Plural Genitive hībern-ōrum Of the winter quarters; winter quarters’

Possessive

Plural Dative hībern -īs To or for the winter quarters Indirect object

Plural Accusative hībern -a winter quarters, the winter quarters

Direct object

Plural Ablative hībern -īs By, with, from the winter quarters

Object of the Preposition

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No. 123:

First Person

Number Case Form Meaning

Singular Nominative ego I

Singular Genitive meī of me, of myself

Singular Dative mihi to me, to myself

Singular Accusative me me, myself

Singular Ablative me (by, etc.) me, myself

Plural Nominative nōs we

Plural Genitive nostrīnostrum

of us, of ourselves

Plural Dative nobis to us, to ourselves

Plural Accusative nōs us, ourselves

Plural Ablative nobis (by, etc.) us, ourselves

Footnotes: mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc.Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684)Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)

Week 2

No. 124: 2nd Person PronounsNumber Case Form Meaning

Singular Nominative tū you

Singular Genitive tuī of you, of yourself

Singular Dative tibi to you, to yourself

Singular Accusative tē you, yourself

Singular Ablative tē (by, etc.) you, yourself

Plural Nominative vōs you

Plural Genitive vestrīvestrum

of you, yourselves

Plural Dative vōbis to you, yourselves

Plural Accusative vōs you, yourselves

Plural Ablative vōbis (by, etc.) you, yourselves

No. 128 B. Non-reflexiveNum Case Masc Fem Neuter

Sing Nom is he ea she id it

Sing Gen ējus of himhis

ējus of herher

ējus of itits

Sing Dat eī to or for him

eī to or for her

eī to or for it

Sing Acc eum him eam her id it

Sing Abl. eō (by, etc) him

eā (by, etc) her

eō (by, etc) it

Pl Nom eī they eae they ea they (those things)

Pl Gen eōrum of themtheir

eārum of themtheir

eōrum of themtheir

Pl Dat eīs to or for them

eīs to or for them

eīs to or for them

Pl Acc eōs them eās them ea them (those things)

Pl Abl. eīs (by, etc) them

eīs (by, etc) them

eīs (by, etc) them

Practice – Week 2

No. 123: First Person

Add form and meaning for ego, meī

Person Case Form Meaning








of us, of ourselves




No. 124: 2nd Person Pronouns Add form and meaning for tū, tuī









of you, yourselves




S2W2

No. 128 B. Non-reflexiveFill in below chart:

Masc Fem Neuter



ējus of herher

ējus of itits

Sing Dat eī to or for him eī to or for her eī to or for it


Sing Abl. eō (by, etc) him eā (by, etc) her eō (by, etc) it



eārum of themtheir

eōrum of themtheir

Pl Dat eīs to or for them eīs to or for them eīs to or for them


Pl Abl. eīs (by, etc) them eīs (by, etc) them eīs (by, etc) them

Additional Practice for week 2

Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary with the following chart:

locus, ī – (pl., loca, locōrum) - place

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative loc-us The place Subject

Singular Genitive loc- ī Of the place, the place's Possessive

Singular Dative loc-ō To or for the place Indirect object

Singular Accusative loc-um The place Direct object

Singular Ablative loc-ō By, with, from the place Object of the Preposition

Plural Nominative loc -ā places, the places Subject

Plural Genitive loc-ōrum Of the places; places’ Possessive

Plural Dative loc -īs To or for the places Indirect object

Plural Accusative loc -a places, the places Direct object

Plural Ablative loc -īs By, with, from the places Object of the Preposition

Decline adjectives from the vocabulary

aliēnus, a, um - unfavorable, another's, foreign

Masculinelike servus

Femininelike porta

Neuterlike bellum

Singular Nominative aliēn-us aliēn-a aliēn-um

Singular Genitive aliēn-ī aliēn-ae aliēn-ī

Singular Dative aliēn-ō aliēn-ae aliēn-ō

Singular Accusative aliēn-um aliēn-am aliēn-um

Singular Ablative aliēn-ō aliēn-ā aliēn-ō

Plural Nominative aliēn-ī aliēn-ae aliēn-a

Plural Genitive aliēn-ōrum aliēn-ārum aliēn-ōrum

Plural Dative aliēn-īs aliēn-īs aliēn-īs

Plural Accusative aliēn-ōs aliēn-ās aliēn-ā

Plural Ablative aliēn-īs aliēn-īs aliēn-īsPage intentionally left blank


Practice for Week 3

Review


Practice the imperfect tense by adding the form and meaning using laudō, 1, tr, praise

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P laud-ābam I was praisingSingular 2nd P. laud-ābās You were praisingSingular 3rd P. laud-ābat he, she, it was praising



Practice the future tense by adding the form and meaning using laudo, 1, tr, praise

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P laud-ābō I shall praise (I shall be praising)Singular 2nd P. laud-ābis you will praise (you will be praising)Singular 3rd P. laud-ābit he, she, it will praise (he, she, it will be praising)

Plural 1st P. laud-ābimus we shall praise (we shall be praising)Plural 2nd P. laud-ābitis you will praise (you will be praising)Plural 3rd P. laud-ābunt they will praise (they will be praising)


Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary using the following charts:

ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis - speech, prayer

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative ōrātiō speech, the speech Subject

Singular Genitive ōrātiōn-is Of the speech, speech’s Possessive

Singular Dative ōrātiōn-ī To or for the speech Indirect object

Singular Accusative ōrātiōn-em speech, the speech Direct object

Singular Ablative ōrātiōn-e By, with, from the speech Object of the Preposition

Plural Nominative ōrātiōn-ēs speeches, The speeches Subject

Plural Genitive ōrātiōn-um Of the speeches, specches’ Possessive

Plural Dative ōrātiōn-ibus To or for the speeches Indirect object

Plural Accusative ōrātiōn-ēs speeches, the speeches Direct object

Plural Ablative ōrātiōn-ibus By, with, from the speeches Object of the Preposition


No: 165 : Present Tense (present stem) : I advise

mon-eō – I advise, I am advising, I do advisemon-ēs - You advise, You are advising, You do advisemon-et - he, she, it advises; he, she, it is advising; he, she it does advise

mon-ēmus – we advise, we are advising, we do advisemon-ētis - You advise, You are advising, You do advisemon-ent – they advise, they are advising, they do advise

No: 168 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was advising

mon-ēbam- I was advisingmon-ēbas - you were advisingmon-ēbat – he, she, it was advising

mon-ēbāmus – we were advisingmon-ēbātis – you were advisingmon-ēbant – they were advising

No. 171: Future Tense (present stem): I shall advise

mon-ēbō – I shall advise (you shall be advising)mon-ēbis – you will advise (you will be advising)mon-ēbit – he, she, it will advise (he, she, it will be advising)

mon-ēbimus – we shall advise (we shall be advising)mon-ēbitis – you will advise (you will be advising)mon-ēbunt – they will advise (they will be advising)

Additional Rules from the Reading:

1. All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in -ĒRE belong to the second conjugation.

2. Model for moneō

1. Find the stem by dropping the ending of the present infinitive active, thus: monēre, STEM: mon-.

2. Add -eō for the first person present indicative active.

3. For the other endings use the endings of the first conjugation but change the first a of the endings to e.

Practice for Week 4

Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 165.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mon-eō I advise, I am advising, I do advise

Singular 2nd P mon-ēs You advise, You are advising, You do advise

Singular 3rd P mon-et he, she, it advises; he, she, it is advising; he, she it does advise

Plural 1st P mon-ēmus we advise, we are advising, we do advisePlural 2nd P mon-ēbitis You advise, You are advising, You do advisePlural 3rd P mon-ent they advise, they are advising, they do

advise

Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 168.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mon-ēbam I was advisingSingular 2nd P mon-ēbas you were advisingSingular 3rd P mon-ēbat he, she, it was advising

Plural 1st P mon-ēbāmus we were advisingPlural 2nd P mon-ēbātis you were advisingPlural 3rd P mon-ēbant they were advising

Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 171.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mon-ēbō I shall advise (I shall be advising)Singular 2nd P mon-ēbis you will advise (you will be advising)Singular 3rd P mon-ēbis he, she, it will advise (he, she, it will be

advising)

Plural 1st P mon-ēbimus we shall advise (we shall be advising)Plural 2nd P mon-ēbitis you will advise (you will be advising)Plural 3rd P mon-ēbunt they will advise (they will be advising)

S2W4

Review: Additional Rules from the Reading:

1. All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in -ĒRE belong to the second conjugation.

2. Model for moneō

1. Find the stem by dropping the ending of the present infinitive active, thus: monēre, STEM: mon-.

2. Add -eō for the first person present indicative active.

3. For the other endings use the endings of the first conjugation but change the first a of the endings to e.


Give form and meaning for timeō, timēre, timuī, 2 tr. – fear in the Present Tense (present stem) (No. 165)

Form Meaning

Singular 1st P tim-eō I fear, I am fearing, I do fear

Singular 2nd P tim-ēs You fear, You are fearing, You do fear

Singular 3rd P tim-et he, she, it fears; he, she, it is fearing; he, she it does fear

Plural 1st P tim-ēmus we fear, we are fearing, we do fearPlural 2nd P tim-ēbitis You fear, You are fearing, You do fearPlural 3rd P tim-ent they fear, they are fearing, they do fear

Give form and meaning for timeō, timēre, timuī, 2 tr. – fear in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) (No. 168)

Form MeaningSingular 1st P tim-ēbam I was fearingSingular 2nd P tim-ēbas you were fearingSingular 3rd P tim-ēbat he, she, it was fearing

Plural 1st P tim-ēbāmus we were fearingPlural 2nd P tim-ēbātis you were fearingPlural 3rd P tim-ēbant they were fearing

Give form and meaning for timeō, timēre, timuī, 2 tr. – fear in the Future Tense (present stem) (No. 171)

Form MeaningSingular 1st P tim-ēbō I shall fear (I shall be fearing)Singular 2nd P tim-ēbis you will fear (you will be fearing)Singular 3rd P tim-ēbis he, she, it will fear (he, she, it will be

fearing)

Plural 1st P tim-ēbimus we shall fear (we shall be fearing)Plural 2nd P tim-ēbitis you will fear (you will be fearing)Plural 3rd P tim-ēbunt they will fear (they will be fearing)

S2W4

Give form and meaning for terreō, 2, tr. – terrify in the Present Tense (present stem) (No. 165)

Form Meaning

Singular 1st P terr-eō I terrify, I am terrifying, I do terrify

Singular 2nd P terr-ēs You terrify, You are terrifying, You do terrify

Singular 3rd P terr-et he, she, it terrifys; he, she, it is terrifying; he, she it does terrify

Plural 1st P terr-ēmus we terrify, we are terrifying, we do terrifyPlural 2nd P terr-ēbitis You terrify, You are terrifying, You do

terrifyPlural 3rd P terr-ent they terrify, they are terrifying, they do

terrify

Give form and meaning for terreō, 2, tr. – terrify fear in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) (No. 168)

Form MeaningSingular 1st P terr-ēbam I was terrifyingSingular 2nd P terr-ēbas you were terrifyingSingular 3rd P terr-ēbat he, she, it was terrifying

Plural 1st P terr-ēbāmus we were terrifyingPlural 2nd P terr-ēbātis you were terrifyingPlural 3rd P terr-ēbant they were terrifying

Give form and meaning for terreō, 2, tr. – terrify in the Future Tense (present stem) (No. 171)

Form MeaningSingular 1st P terr-ēbō I shall terrify (I shall be terrifying)

Singular 2nd P terr-ēbis you will terrify (you will be terrifying)Singular 3rd P terr-ēbis he, she, it will terrify (he, she, it will be

terrifying)

Plural 1st P terr-ēbimus we shall terrify (we shall be terrifying)Plural 2nd P terr-ēbitis you will terrify (you will be terrifying)Plural 3rd P terr-ēbunt they will terrify (they will be terrifying)

S2W4

Give form and meaning for habeō, 2, tr. - have in the Present Tense (present stem) (No. 165)

Form Meaning

Singular 1st P hab-eō I have, I am having, I do have

Singular 2nd P hab-ēs You have, You are having, You do have

Singular 3rd P hab-et he, she, it haves; he, she, it is having; he, she it does have

Plural 1st P hab-ēmus we have, we are having, we do havePlural 2nd P hab-ēbitis You have, You are having, You do havePlural 3rd P hab-ent they have, they are having, they do have

Give form and meaning for habeō, 2, tr. - have in the Imperfect Tense (present stem)

(No. 168)

Form MeaningSingular 1st P hab-ēbam I was havingSingular 2nd P hab-ēbas you were havingSingular 3rd P hab-ēbat he, she, it was having

Plural 1st P hab-ēbāmus we were havingPlural 2nd P hab-ēbātis you were havingPlural 3rd P hab-ēbant they were having

Give form and meaning for habeō, 2, tr. - have in the Future Tense (present stem)

(No. 171)

Form MeaningSingular 1st P hab-ēbō I shall have (I shall be having)Singular 2nd P hab-ēbis you will have (you will be having)

Singular 3rd P hab-ēbis he, she, it will have (he, she, it will be having)

Plural 1st P hab-ēbimus we shall have (we shall be having)Plural 2nd P hab-ēbitis you will have (you will be having)Plural 3rd P hab-ēbunt they will have (they will be having)

S2W4

Review: Nouns

arma, armōrum – arms

Form Meaning Use






Plural Nominative arm -ā arms, the arms Subject

Plural Genitive arm-ōrum Of the arms; arms’ Possessive

Plural Dative arm -īs To or for the arms Indirect object

Plural Accusative arm -a arms, the arms Direct object

Plural Ablative arm-īs By, with, from the arms Object of the Preposition


Review of Week 4

Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 165.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mon-eō I advise, I am advising, I do advise

Singular 2nd P mon-ēs You advise, You are advising, You do advise

Singular 3rd P mon-et he, she, it advises; he, she, it is advising; he, she it does advise

Plural 1st P mon-ēmus we advise, we are advising, we do advisePlural 2nd P mon-ēbitis You advise, You are advising, You do advisePlural 3rd P mon-ent they advise, they are advising, they do

advise

Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 168.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mon-ēbam I was advisingSingular 2nd P mon-ēbas you were advisingSingular 3rd P mon-ēbat he, she, it was advising

Plural 1st P mon-ēbāmus we were advisingPlural 2nd P mon-ēbātis you were advisingPlural 3rd P mon-ēbant they were advising

Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 171.

Form Meaning

Singular 1st P mon-ēbō I shall advise (I shall be advising)Singular 2nd P mon-ēbis you will advise (you will be advising)Singular 3rd P mon-ēbis he, she, it will advise (he, she, it will be

advising)

Plural 1st P mon-ēbimus we shall advise (we shall be advising)Plural 2nd P mon-ēbitis you will advise (you will be advising)Plural 3rd P mon-ēbunt they will advise (they will be advising)



Review Rules for #123 and #124

No. 346 – Indicative Present

Form MeaningSingular 1st P sum I am Singular 2nd P es You areSingular 3rd P est he, she, it is

Plural 1st P sumus we arePlural 2nd P estis you arePlural 3rd P sunt they are


Personal Pronouns:

1. Pronouns of the FIRST person are those which refer to the SPEAKER OR WRITER. In English they are: I (ME), WE (US).

2. Pronouns of the SECOND person are those which refer to the person spoken TO. In English they are: YOU (THOU, THEE, YE)

3. Pronouns of the THIRD person are those which refer to the person or thing spoken or written ABOUT. In English they are : HE (HIM), SHE (HER), IT, THEY (THEM)

Practice for Week 6

No. 123:

First Person









of us, of ourselves




Footnotes: mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc.Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684)Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)

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No. 124: 2nd Person PronounsNumber Case Form Meaning








of you, yourselves




Practice Indicative Active of Sum

Form MeaningSingular 1st P sum I am Singular 2nd P es You areSingular 3rd P est he, she, it is


Review:


Personal Pronouns:

1. Pronouns of the FIRST person are those which refer to the SPEAKER OR WRITER. In English they are: I (ME), WE (US).

2. Pronouns of the SECOND person are those which refer to the person spoken TO. In English they are: YOU (THOU, THEE, YE)

3. Pronouns of the THIRD person are those which refer to to the person or thing spoken or written ABOUT. In English they are : HE (HIM), SHE (HER), IT, THEY (THEM)


Give form and meaning for videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus, 2. tr. – see in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 165.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P vid-eō I see, I am seeing, I do see

Singular 2nd P vid-ēs You see, You are seeing, You do see

Singular 3rd P vid-et he, she, it sees; he, she, it is seeing; he, she it does see

Plural 1st P vid-ēmus we see, we are seeing, we do seePlural 2nd P vid-ēbitis You see, You are seeing, You do seePlural 3rd P vid-ent they see, they are seeing, they do see

Give form and meaning for videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus, 2. tr. – see in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 168.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P vid-ēbam I was seeingSingular 2nd P vid-ēbas you were seeingSingular 3rd P vid-ēbat he, she, it was seeing

Plural 1st P vid-ēbāmus we were seeingPlural 2nd P vid-ēbātis you were seeingPlural 3rd P vid-ēbant they were seeing

Give form and meaning for videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus, 2. tr. – see in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 171.

Form Meaning

Singular 1st P vid-ēbō I shall see (I shall be seeing)Singular 2nd P vid-ēbis you will see (you will be seeing)Singular 3rd P vid-ēbis he, she, it will see (he, she, it will be seeing)

Plural 1st P vid-ēbimus we shall see (we shall be seeing)Plural 2nd P vid-ēbitis you will see (you will be seeing)Plural 3rd P vid-ēbunt they will see (they will be seeing)

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Give form and meaning for teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus, 2., tr. - hold in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 165.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P ten-eō I hold, I am holding, I do hold

Singular 2nd P ten-ēs You hold, You are holding, You do hold

Singular 3rd P ten-et he, she, it holds; he, she, it is holding; he, she it does hold

Plural 1st P ten-ēmus we hold, we are holding, we do holdPlural 2nd P ten-ēbitis You hold, You are holding, You do holdPlural 3rd P ten-ent they hold, they are holding, they do hold

Give form and meaning for teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus, 2., tr. - hold in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 168.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P ten-ēbam I was holdingSingular 2nd P ten-ēbas you were holdingSingular 3rd P ten-ēbat he, she, it was holding

Plural 1st P ten-ēbāmus we were holdingPlural 2nd P ten-ēbātis you were holdingPlural 3rd P ten-ēbant they were holding

Give form and meaning for teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus, 2., tr. - hold. – in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 171.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P ten-ēbō I shall hold (I shall be holding)Singular 2nd P ten-ēbis you will hold (you will be holding)Singular 3rd P ten-ēbis he, she, it will hold (he, she, it will be

holding)

Plural 1st P ten-ēbimus we shall hold (we shall be holding)Plural 2nd P ten-ēbitis you will hold (you will be holding)Plural 3rd P ten-ēbunt they will hold (they will be holding)

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Give form and meaning for moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus, 2., tr. - move in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 165.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mov-eō I move, I am moving, I do move

Singular 2nd P mov-ēs You move, You are moving, You do move

Singular 3rd P mov-et he, she, it moves; he, she, it is moving; he, she it does move

Plural 1st P mov-ēmus we move, we are moving, we do movePlural 2nd P mov-ēbitis You move, You are moving, You do movePlural 3rd P mov-ent they move, they are moving, they do move

Give form and meaning for moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus, 2., tr. - move in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 168.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mov-ēbam I was movingSingular 2nd P mov-ēbas you were movingSingular 3rd P mov-ēbat he, she, it was moving

Plural 1st P mov-ēbāmus we were movingPlural 2nd P mov-ēbātis you were movingPlural 3rd P mov-ēbant they were moving

Give form and meaning for moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus, 2., tr. - – move in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 171.

Form Meaning

Singular 1st P mov-ēbō I shall move (I shall be moving)Singular 2nd P mov-ēbis you will move (you will be moving)Singular 3rd P mov-ēbis he, she, it will move (he, she, it will be

moving)

Plural 1st P mov-ēbimus we shall move (we shall be moving)Plural 2nd P mov-ēbitis you will move (you will be moving)Plural 3rd P mov-ēbunt they will move (they will be moving)


No. 128 B. Non-reflexive

Masc Fem Neuter



ējus of herher

ējus of itits

Sing Dat eī to or for him

eī to or for her

eī to or for it


Sing Abl. eō (by, etc) him

eā (by, etc) her

eō (by, etc) it



eārum of themtheir

eōrum of themtheir

Pl Dat eīs to or for them

eīs to or for them

eīs to or for them


Pl Abl. eīs (by, etc) them

eīs (by, etc) them

eīs (by, etc) them

No. 129 Note: 1. The meanings given for the masculine and feminine of is, ea, id hold only when the pronouns refers to PERSONS. Otherwise all forms are translated as in the neuter.

Urbem cēpit. Posteā eam incendit. He took the city,. Afterwards, he burned it.

No 479A pronoun agrees with the word to which it refers, in gender and number; its case

depends on its use in sits own clause

Practice for Week 7

No. 128 B. Non-reflexiveFill in below chart:

Masc Fem Neuter



ējus of herher

ējus of itits

Sing Dat eī to or for him eī to or for her eī to or for it


Sing Abl. eō (by, etc) him eā (by, etc) her eō (by, etc) it



eārum of themtheir

eōrum of themtheir

Pl Dat eīs to or for them eīs to or for them eīs to or for them


Pl Abl. eīs (by, etc) them eīs (by, etc) them eīs (by, etc) them

Copy Grammar rules:

# 129 Note: 1. The meanings given for the masculine and feminine of is, ea, id hold only when the pronouns refers to PERSONS. Otherwise all forms are translated as in the neuter.

# 479 A pronoun agrees with the word to which it refers, in gender and number; its case depends on its use in sits own clause


Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary using the following charts:

fīnēs, fīnium, m. - territory (plural noun from the 3rd declension)

Form Meaning Use






Plural Nominative fīn-ēs territory Subject

Plural Genitive fīn-ium Of the territory Possessive

Plural Dative fīn-ibus To or for the territory Indirect object

Plural Accusative fīn-ēs the territory Direct object

Plural Ablative fīn-ibus By, with, from the territory Object of the Preposition

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Give form and meaning for sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentus, 2., tr. - sustain, withstand in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 165.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P sustin-eō I sustain, I am sustaining, I do sustain

Singular 2nd P sustin-ēs You sustain, You are sustaining, You do sustain

Singular 3rd P sustin-et he, she, it sustains; he, she, it is sustaining; he, she it does sustain

Plural 1st P sustin-ēmus we sustain, we are sustaining, we do sustainPlural 2nd P sustin-ēbitis You sustain, You are sustaining, You do

sustainPlural 3rd P sustin-ent they sustain, they are sustaining, they do

sustainGive form and meaning for sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentus, 2., tr. - sustain, withstand in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 168.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P sustin-ēbam I was sustainingSingular 2nd P sustin-ēbas you were sustainingSingular 3rd P sustin-ēbat he, she, it was sustaining

Plural 1st P sustin-ēbāmus we were sustainingPlural 2nd P sustin-ēbātis you were sustainingPlural 3rd P sustin-ēbant they were sustaining

Give form and meaning for sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentus, 2., tr. - sustain, withstand in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 171.

Form Meaning

Singular 1st P sustin-ēbō I shall sustain (I shall be sustaining)Singular 2nd P sustin-ēbis you will sustain (you will be sustaining)Singular 3rd P sustin-ēbis he, she, it will sustain (he, she, it will be

sustaining)

Plural 1st P sustin-ēbimus we shall sustain (we shall be sustaining)Plural 2nd P sustin-ēbitis you will sustain (you will be sustaining)Plural 3rd P sustin-ēbunt they will sustain (they will be sustaining)


No. 127 a) Reflexive

Nom. …........... …..............Gen suī of himself, herself, itself, themselvesDat. sibi to himself, herself, itself, themselvesAcc sē (sēsē) himself, herself, itself, themselvesAbl sē (sēsē) (by, etc.) himself, herself, itself, themselves

Eī sē laudābant. They were praising themselves.

Marīa sē nōn laudat. Mary does not praise herself.

Caesar sē laudābat. Caesar was praising himself.

Legiō sē laudābat. The legion was praising itself.

Additional Rule from Reading:

A pronoun that refers back to the subject of its own clause is called a direct reflexive.

Practice for Week 8

No. 127 a) Reflexive

Form MeaningNom --- -----Gen suī of himself, herself, itself, themselvesDat sibi to himself, herself, itself, themselvesAcc sē (sēsē) himself, herself, itself, themselvesAbl sē (sēsē) (by, etc.) himself, herself, itself, themselves

Eī sē laudābant. They were praising themselves.

Marīa sē nōn laudat. Mary does not praise herself.

Caesar sē laudābat. Caesar was praising himself.

Legiō sē laudābat. The legion was praising itself.

Additional Rule from Reading:

A pronoun that refers back to the subject of its own clause is called a direct reflexive.


Active Voice – Indicative Mood

No: 166 : Present Tense (present stem) : I sendmitt-ō – I send, I am sending, I do sendmitt-is – you send, you are sending, you do sendmitt-it – he, she, it sends; he, she, it is sending; he, she, it does send

mitt-imus – we send, we are sending, we do sendmitt-itis – you send, you are sending, you do sendmitt-unt – they send, they are sending, they do send

No: 169 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was sending

mitt-ēbam – I was sendingmitt-ēbās – you were sendingmitt-ēbat – he, she, it was sending

mitt-ēbāmus – we were sendingmitt-ēbātis – you were sendingmitt-ēbant – they were sending

Additional rules from reading:

Future Indicative Active of Mittō

The future indicative active of the third conjugation is quite different from that of the first and second. The personal signs are the SAME, but there is NO TENSE SIGN and the VOWEL of the endings change.

Practice for Week 9

No 166: Present Tense (present stem)

Give form and meaning for mittō, 3. tr., send for the present tense.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mitt-ō I send, I am sending, I do sendSingular 2nd P mitt-is you send, you are sending, you do send

Singular 3rd P mitt-it he, she, it sends; he, she, it is sending; he, she, it does send

Plural 1st P mitt-imus we send, we are sending, we do sendPlural 2nd P mitt-itis you send, you are sending, you do sendPlural 3rd P mitt-unt you send, you are sending, you do send

No 169: Imperfect Tense (present stem)

Give form and meaning for mittō, 3. tr., send for the imperfect tense.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mitt-ēbam I was sendingSingular 2nd P mitt-ēbās you were sendingSingular 3rd P mitt-ēbat he, she it, was sending

Plural 1st P mitt-ēbāmus we were sendingPlural 2nd P mitt-ēbātis you were sendingPlural 3rd P mitt-ēbant they were sending

Review:

Additional rules from reading:

Future Indicative Active of Mittō

The future indicative active of the third conjugation is quite different from that of the first and second. The personal signs are the SAME, but there is NO TENSE SIGN and the VOWEL of the endings change.


Give form and meaning for dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus, 3, tr. - lead, guide in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 166.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P dūc-ō I lead, I am leading, I do leadSingular 2nd P dūc-is you lead, you are leading, you do lead

Singular 3rd P dūc-it he, she, it leads; he, she, it is leading; he, she, it does lead

Plural 1st P dūc-imus we lead, we are leading, we do leadPlural 2nd P dūc-itis you lead, you are leading, you do leadPlural 3rd P dūc-unt you lead, you are leading, you do lead

Give form and meaning for dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus, 3, tr. - lead, guide in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 169.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P dūc-ēbam I was leadingSingular 2nd P dūc-ēbās you were leadingSingular 3rd P dūc-ēbat he, she it, was leading

Plural 1st P dūc-ēbāmus we were leadingPlural 2nd P dūc-ēbātis you were leadingPlural 3rd P dūc-ēbant they were leading

Give form and meaning for gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus, 3. tr. - carry, carry on in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 166.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P ger-ō I carry, I am carrying, I do carry

Singular 2nd P ger-is you carry, you are carrying, you do carry

Singular 3rd P ger-it he, she, it carrys; he, she, it is carrying; he, she, it does carry

Plural 1st P ger-imus we carry, we are carrying, we do carryPlural 2nd P ger-itis you carry, you are carrying, you do carryPlural 3rd P ger-unt you carry, you are carrying, you do carry

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Give form and meaning for gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus, 3. tr. - carry, carry on in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 169.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P ger-ēbam I was carryingSingular 2nd P ger-ēbās you were carryingSingular 3rd P ger-ēbat he, she it, was carrying

Plural 1st P ger-ēbāmus we were carryingPlural 2nd P ger-ēbātis you were carryingPlural 3rd P ger-ēbant they were carrying

Give form and meaning for dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus, 3. tr. – defend in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 166.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P dēfend-ō I defend, I am defending, I do defendSingular 2nd P dēfend-is you defend, you are defending, you do

defend

Singular 3rd P dēfend-it he, she, it defends; he, she, it is defending; he, she, it does defend

Plural 1st P dēfend-imus we defend, we are defending, we do defendPlural 2nd P dēfend-itis you defend, you are defending, you do

defendPlural 3rd P dēfend-unt you defend, you are defending, you do

defend

Give form and meaning for dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus, 3. tr. – defend in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 169.

Form Meaning

Singular 1st P dēfend-ēbam I was defendingSingular 2nd P dēfend-ēbās you were defendingSingular 3rd P dēfend-ēbat he, she it, was defending

Plural 1st P dēfend-ēbāmus we were defendingPlural 2nd P dēfend-ēbātis you were defendingPlural 3rd P dēfend-ēbant they were defending

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Give form and meaning for īnstruō, īnstruere, īnstrūxī, īnstrūctus, 3. tr. - draw up, equip in the Present Tense (present stem)

No. 166.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P īnstru-ō I equip, I am equiping, I do equipSingular 2nd P īnstru-is you equip, you are equiping, you do equip

Singular 3rd P īnstru-it he, she, it equips; he, she, it is equiping; he, she, it does equip

Plural 1st P īnstru-imus we equip, we are equiping, we do equipPlural 2nd P īnstru-itis you equip, you are equiping, you do equipPlural 3rd P īnstru-unt you equip, you are equiping, you do equip

Give form and meaning for īnstruō, īnstruere, īnstrūxī, īnstrūctus, 3. tr. - draw up, equip in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 169.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P īnstru-ēbam I was equipingSingular 2nd P īnstru-ēbās you were equipingSingular 3rd P īnstru-ēbat he, she it, was equiping

Plural 1st P īnstru-ēbāmus we were equipingPlural 2nd P īnstru-ēbātis you were equipingPlural 3rd P īnstru-ēbant they were equiping

Give form and meaning for vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus, 3. tr. - conquer in the Present Tense (present stem)

No. 166.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P vinc-ō I conquer, I am conquering, I do conquerSingular 2nd P vinc-is you conquer, you are conquering, you do

conquer

Singular 3rd P vinc-it he, she, it conquers; he, she, it is conquering; he, she, it does conquer

Plural 1st P vinc-imus we conquer, we are conquering, we do conquer

Plural 2nd P vinc-itis you conquer, you are conquering, you do conquer

Plural 3rd P vinc-unt you conquer, you are conquering, you do conquer

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Give form and meaning for vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus, 3. tr. - conquer in the Imperfect Tense (present stem)

No. 169. Form Meaning

Singular 1st P vinc-ēbam I was conqueringSingular 2nd P vinc-ēbās you were conqueringSingular 3rd P vinc-ēbat he, she it, was conquering

Plural 1st P vinc-ēbāmus we were conqueringPlural 2nd P vinc-ēbātis you were conqueringPlural 3rd P vinc-ēbant they were conquering

Give form and meaning for petō, petere, petīvī, petītus, 3. tr. - seek, beg, request in the Present Tense (present stem)


Singular 1st P pet-ō I seek, I am seeking, I do seekSingular 2nd P pet-is you seek, you are seeking, you do seek

Singular 3rd P pet-it he, she, it seeks; he, she, it is seeking; he, she, it does seek

Plural 1st P pet-imus we seek, we are seeking, we do seekPlural 2nd P pet-itis you seek, you are seeking, you do seekPlural 3rd P pet-unt you seek, you are seeking, you do seek

Give form and meaning for petō, petere, petīvī, petītus, 3. tr. - seek, beg, request in the Imperfect Tense (present stem)

No. 169.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P pet-ēbam I was seekingSingular 2nd P pet-ēbās you were seeking

Singular 3rd P pet-ēbat he, she it, was seeking

Plural 1st P pet-ēbāmus we were seekingPlural 2nd P pet-ēbātis you were seekingPlural 3rd P pet-ēbant they were seeking

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Give form and meaning for pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus, 3. tr. - drive, repulse, rout in the Present

Tense (present stem)


Singular 1st P pell-ō I drive, I am driving, I do driveSingular 2nd P pell-is you drive, you are driving, you do drive

Singular 3rd P pell-it he, she, it drives; he, she, it is driving; he, she, it does drive

Plural 1st P pell-imus we drive, we are driving, we do drivePlural 2nd P pell-itis you drive, you are driving, you do drivePlural 3rd P pell-unt you drive, you are driving, you do drive

Give form and meaning for pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus, 3. tr. - drive, repulse, rout in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 169.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P pell-ēbam I was drivingSingular 2nd P pell-ēbās you were drivingSingular 3rd P pell-ēbat he, she it, was driving

Plural 1st P pell-ēbāmus we were drivingPlural 2nd P pell-ēbātis you were drivingPlural 3rd P pell-ēbant they were driving

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Review: Nouns

litterae, litterārum – letter (i.e. an epistle) , dispatch

Form Meaning Use

Plural Nominative litter-ae Letters, the letters Subject

Plural Genitive litter-ārum Of the letters; letters’ Possessive

Plural Dative litter-īs To or for the letters Indirect object

Plural Accusative litter-ās Letters, the letters Direct object

Plural Ablative litter- īs By, with, from the letters Object of the Preposition


No. 172: Future Tense (present stem): I shall send

mitt-am – I shall send (I shall be sending)mitt-ēs – you will send (you will be sending)mitt-et – he, she, it will send (he, she, it will be sending)

mitt-ēmus – we shall send (we shall be sending)mitt-ētis – you will send (you will be sending)mitt-ent – they will send (they will be sending)

Practice for Week 10

Give form and meaning for mittō, 3. tr., send in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 172

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mitt-am I shall send (I shall be sending)Singular 2nd P mitt-ēs you will send (you will be sending)Singular 3rd P mitt-et he, she, it will send (he, she, it will be

sending)

Plural 1st P mitt-ēmus we shall send (we shall be sending)Plural 2nd P mitt-ētis you will send (you will be sending)Plural 3rd P mitt-ent they will send (they will be sending)

Additional Practice

Practice with verbs from vocabulary

Give form and meaning for pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus, 3. tr. - put, place, set in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 172

Form MeaningSingular 1st P pōn-am I shall place (I shall be placing)Singular 2nd P pōn-ēs you will place (you will be placing)Singular 3rd P pōn-et he, she, it will place (he, she, it will be

placing)

Plural 1st P pōn-ēmus we shall place (we shall be placing)Plural 2nd P pōn-ētis you will place (you will be placing)Plural 3rd P pōn-ent they will place (they will be placing)

Give form and meaning for contendō, contendere, contendī, 3. intr. - strive, contend, hasten

in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 172

Form MeaningSingular 1st P contend-am I shall contend (I shall be contending)Singular 2nd P contend-ēs you will contend (you will be contending)Singular 3rd P contend-et he, she, it will contend (he, she, it will be

contending)

Plural 1st P contend-ēmus we shall contend (we shall be contending)Plural 2nd P contend-ētis you will contend (you will be contending)Plural 3rd P contend-ent they will contend (they will be contending)

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Give form and meaning for agō, agere, egī, āctus, 3. tr., - drive, do, act, treat in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 172

Form MeaningSingular 1st P ag-am I shall do (I shall be doing)Singular 2nd P ag-ēs you will do (you will be doing)Singular 3rd P ag-et he, she, it will do (he, she, it will be doing)

Plural 1st P ag-ēmus we shall do (we shall be doing)Plural 2nd P ag-ētis you will do (you will be doing)Plural 3rd P ag-ent they will do (they will be doing)



No: 167 : Present Tense (present stem) : I hearaud-iō - I hear, I am hearing, I do hearaud- īs – you hear, you are hearing, you do hearaud-it – he, she, it hears; he, she, it is hearing; he, she it, does hear

aud- īmus – we hear, we are hearing, we do hearaud- ītis - you hear, you are hearing, you do hearaud-iunt – they hear, they are hearing, they do hear


No: 170 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was hearingaud-iēbam - I was hearingaud-iēbās – you were hearingaud-iēbat – he, she, it was hearing

aud-iēbāmas – we were hearingaud-iēbātis - you were hearingaud-iēbant – they were hearing

No: 173 : Future Tense (present stem) : I shall hearaud-iam - I shall hear (I shall be hearing)aud-iēs – you will hear (you will be hearing)aud-iēt – he, she, it will hear (he, she, it will be hearing)

aud-iēmas – we shall hear ( we shall be hearing)aud-iētis - you will hear (you will be hearing)aud-ient – they will hear (they will be hearing)


Present System Active of 4th Conjugation To form the principal parts of regular verbs of the fourth conjugation, drop the -iō of the first person singular present indicative and add -īre, īvī, ītus (notice the long ī). Thus:

aud-iō, audīre, aud-īvī, aud-ītus


Give form and meaning for audiō, 4. tr. – hear in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 167.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P aud-iō I hear, I am hearing, I do hearSingular 2nd P aud- īs you hear, you are hearing, you do hearSingular 3rd P aud-it he, she, it hears; he, she, it is hearing; he,

she it, does hear

Plural 1st P aud- īmus we hear, we are hearing, we do hearPlural 2nd P aud- ītis you hear, you are hearing, you do hearPlural 3rd P aud-iunt they hear, they are hearing, they do hear

Give form and meaning for audiō, 4. tr. – hear in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 170.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P aud-iēbam I was hearingSingular 2nd P aud-iēbās you were hearingSingular 3rd P aud-iēbat he, she, it was hearing

Plural 1st P aud-iēbāmas we were hearingPlural 2nd P aud-iēbātis you were hearingPlural 3rd P aud-iēbant they were hearing

Give form and meaning for audiō, 4. tr. – hear in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 173.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P aud-iam I shall hear (I shall be hearing)Singular 2nd P aud-iēs you will hear (you will be hearing)

Singular 3rd P aud-iēt he, she, it will hear (he, she, it will be hearing)

Plural 1st P aud-iēmas we shall hear ( we shall be hearing)Plural 2nd P aud-iētis you will hear (you will be hearing)Plural 3rd P aud-ient they will hear (they will be hearing)

Additional practice for Week 11

Give form and meaning for muniō, 4. tr. - fortify, in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 167.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mun-iō I fortify, I am fortifying, I do fortifySingular 2nd P mun- īs you fortify, you are fortifying, you do

fortifySingular 3rd P mun-it he, she, it fortifys; he, she, it is fortifying;

he, she it, does fortify

Plural 1st P mun- īmus we fortify, we are fortifying, we do fortifyPlural 2nd P mun- ītis you fortify, you are fortifying, you do

fortifyPlural 3rd P mun-iunt they fortify, they are fortifying, they do

fortify

Give form and meaning for muniō, 4. tr. - fortify, in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 170.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mun-iēbam I was fortifyingSingular 2nd P mun-iēbās you were fortifyingSingular 3rd P mun-iēbat he, she, it was fortifying

Plural 1st P mun-iēbāmas we were fortifyingPlural 2nd P mun-iēbātis you were fortifyingPlural 3rd P mun-iēbant they were fortifying

Give form and meaning for muniō, 4. tr. - fortify, in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 173.

Form Meaning

Singular 1st P mun-iam I shall fortify (I shall be fortifying)Singular 2nd P mun-iēs you will fortify (you will be fortifying)Singular 3rd P mun-iēt he, she, it will fortify (he, she, it will be

fortifying)

Plural 1st P mun-iēmas we shall fortify ( we shall be fortifying)Plural 2nd P mun-iētis you will fortify (you will be fortifying)Plural 3rd P mun-ient they will fortify (they will be fortifying)

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Give form and meaning for veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, 4, intr. - come, in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 167.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P ven-iō I come, I am coming, I do comeSingular 2nd P ven- īs you come, you are coming, you do comeSingular 3rd P ven-it he, she, it comes; he, she, it is coming; he,

she it, does come

Plural 1st P ven- īmus we come, we are coming, we do comePlural 2nd P ven- ītis you come, you are coming, you do comePlural 3rd P ven-iunt they come, they are coming, they do come

Give form and meaning for veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, 4, intr. - come, in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 170.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P ven-iēbam I was comingSingular 2nd P ven-iēbās you were comingSingular 3rd P ven-iēbat he, she, it was coming

Plural 1st P ven-iēbāmas we were comingPlural 2nd P ven-iēbātis you were comingPlural 3rd P ven-iēbant they were coming

Give form and meaning for veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, 4, intr. - come in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 173.

Form Meaning

Singular 1st P ven-iam I shall come (I shall be coming)Singular 2nd P ven-iēs you will come (you will be coming)Singular 3rd P ven-iēt he, she, it will come (he, she, it will be

coming)

Plural 1st P ven-iēmas we shall come ( we shall be coming)Plural 2nd P ven-iētis you will come (you will be coming)Plural 3rd P ven-ient they will come (they will be coming)

S2W11Give form and meaning for conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum, 4. intr. - come together, assemble, in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 167.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P conven-iō I assemble, I am assembling, I do assembleSingular 2nd P conven- īs you assemble, you are assembling, you do

assembleSingular 3rd P conven-it he, she, it assembles; he, she, it is

assembling; he, she it, does assemble

Plural 1st P conven- īmus we assemble, we are assembling, we do assemble

Plural 2nd P conven- ītis you assemble, you are assembling, you do assemble

Plural 3rd P conven-iunt they assemble, they are assembling, they do assemble

Give form and meaning for conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum, 4. intr. - come together, assemble the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 170.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P conven-iēbam I was assemblingSingular 2nd P conven-iēbās you were assemblingSingular 3rd P conven-iēbat he, she, it was assembling

Plural 1st P conven-iēbāmas we were assemblingPlural 2nd P conven-iēbātis you were assemblingPlural 3rd P conven-iēbant they were assembling

Give form and meaning for conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum, 4. intr. - come together,

assemble in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 173.

Form MeaningSingular 1st P conven-iam I shall assemble (I shall be assembling)Singular 2nd P conven-iēs you will assemble (you will be assembling)Singular 3rd P conven-iēt he, she, it will assemble (he, she, it will be

assembling)

Plural 1st P conven-iēmas we shall assemble ( we shall be assembling)Plural 2nd P conven-iētis you will assemble (you will be assembling)Plural 3rd P conven-ient they will assemble (they will be

assembling)


No. 14 - Nouns have gender, number, case and declension

No. 15 - Gender. There are three genders in Latin: masculine, feminine, neuter.

No. 16 - All nouns meaning individual male persons are masculine.

No. 17 - All nouns meaning individual female persons are feminine.

No. 18 - The gender of other nouns must be learned from their declension of from the vocabularies.

No. 19 - Number. There are two numbers in Latin: singular and plural.

No. 20 The singular speaks of one: via, a road.

No. 21 The plural speaks of more than one: viae, roads.

No. 22 Case. There are six cases in Latin:

Nominative: the case of the Subject. Genitive: the case of the Possessor. Dative: the case of the Indirect Object; the ‘to’ or ‘for’ caseAccusative: the case of the Direct Object.Ablative: the ‘by-with-from’ case [ used frequently with prepositions]Vocative: the case of the Person Addressed.

No. 23 Declension. Declension consists in adding the proper ENDINGS to the STEM to show the different genders, numbers, and cases

No. 24 Stem. The stem is found by dropping the ENDING of the GENITIVE SINGULAR. vi-ae, stem: vi-

S2W12No. 346 – Indicative Present

Singular - sum – I am es – you are est – he, she, it, is

Plural - sumus - we are estis – you are sunt – they are

No. 347 – Indicative Imperfect

Singular – eram - I was erās – you were erat – he, she, it was

Plural – erāmus – we were erātis – you were erant – they were

No. 348 – Indicative Future

Singular - erō – I shall be eris – you will be erit – he, she, it will be

Plural - erimus – we shall be eritis – you will be

erunt – they will be

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Present, Imperfect, and and Future Indicative of Sum:

1. The final personal signs are the same as in the four conjugations.2. The third person plural of the future is erunt.

No. 474 - A predicate adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case

Vīta brevis est.Life is short.

No. 477 - An attributive adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number and case.

Mīles fortis pugnat.The brave soldier fights.


Copy or fill in the blank Grammar Rules:

No. 14 - Nouns have gender, number, case and declension

No. 15 - Gender. There are three genders in Latin: masculine, feminine, neuter.

No. 16 - All nouns meaning individual male persons are masculine.

No. 17 - All nouns meaning individual female persons are feminine.

No. 18 - The gender of other nouns must be learned from their declension of from the vocabularies.

No. 19 - Number. There are two numbers in Latin: singular and plural.

No. 20 The singular speaks of one: via, a road.

No. 21 The plural speaks of more than one: viae, roads.

No. 22 Case. There are six cases in Latin:

Nominative: the case of the Subject. Genitive : the case of the Possessor. Dative: the case of the Indirect Object; the to/for caseAccusative: the case of the Direct Object.Ablative: the ‘by-with-from’ case [ used frequently with prepositions]Vocative: the case of the Person Addressed.

No. 23 Declension. Declension consists in adding the proper ENDINGS to the STEM to show the different genders, numbers, and cases

No. 24 Stem. The stem is found by dropping the ENDING of the GENITIVE SINGULARvi-ae, stem: vi-

SW12No. 346 – Indicative Present - SUM

Form MeaningSingular 1st P sum I amSingular 2nd P es you areSingular 3rd P est he, she, it is


No. 346 – Indicative Imperfect – ERAM

Form MeaningSingular 1st P eram I wasSingular 2nd P erās you wereSingular 3rd P erat he, she, it was

Plural 1st P erāmus we werePlural 2nd P erātis you werePlural 3rd P erant they were

No. 348 – Indicative Future - ERO

Form MeaningSingular 1st P erō I shall beSingular 2nd P eris you will beSingular 3rd P erit he, she, it will be

Plural 1st P erimus we shall bePlural 2nd P eritis you will bePlural 3rd P erunt they will be

Copy Grammar Rules:

No. 474: A predicate adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case

No. 477: An attributive adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number and case.


Verbs

No 142 Verbs have voice, mood, tense, number, and person.

No 143 Voice. There are two vocies: active and passive.

No 144 a. The active represents the subject as acting or being. Lēgātum laudō. I praise the envoy. Valeō. I am well.

No 145 b. The passive represents the subject as acted upon. Laudor. I am praised.

No 146 Mood. There are three moods: indicative, subjunctive, imperative. (The meanings and used of these moods and tenses must be learned by syntax)

No 147 Tense. There are six tenses: present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect. (The meanings and used of these moods and tenses must be learned by syntax)

No 148 Number. There are two numbers: singular and plural. No 149 Person. There are three persons:

First (the one speaking – I, we)

Second (the one spoken to – you)

Third (the one spoken of – he, she, it, they)

No 150 Conjugation consists in adding the proper endings to the proper stem to show the different voices, moods, tenses, numbers and persons.

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No 174Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)

Singular – 1. laudāv-ī - I praised ( I have praised) 2. laudāv-istī - you praised ( you have praised) 3. laudāv-īt - he, she, it praised ( he, she, it has praised)

Plural - 1. laudāv-imus - we praised ( we have praised) 2. laudāv-istis you praised ( you have praised) 3. laudāv-ērunt – they praised (they have praised)


Singular – 1. monu-ī - I advised (I have advised) 2. monu-istī - you advised ( you have advised) 3. monu-īt - he, she, it advised (he, she, it has advised)

Plural - 1. monu-imus - we advised ( we have advised) 2. monu-istis - you advised (you have advised)

3. monu-ērunt – they advised (they have advised)


Singular – 1. mīs -ī - I sent ( I have sent) 2. mīs-istī - you sent ( you have sent) 3. mīs -īt - he, she, it sent ( he, she, it has sent)

Plural - 1. mīs-imus - we sent ( we have sent) 2. mīs-istis - you sent ( you have sent) 3. mīs-ērunt – they sent (they have sent)


Singular – 1. audīv-ī - I heard ( I have heard) 2. audīv-istī - you heard ( you have heard) 3. audīv-īt - he, she, it heard ( he, she, it has heard)

Plural - 1. audīv-imus - we heard ( we have heard) 2. audīv-istis - you heard ( you have heard) 3. audīv-ērunt – they heard (they have heard

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No. 349

Indicative Perfect

Singular – 1. fu-ī - I have been, I was 2. fu-istī - you have been, you were 3. fu-īt - he, she, it has been; he, she it was

Plural - 1. fu-imus - we have been, we were 2. fu-istis - you have been, you were

3. fu-ērunt – they have been, they were

The Perfect Active Stem:

1. The perfect system of the indicative active includes the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses.

2. The perfect active stem is found by dropping the ending -ī of the third principal part.

laudāv-ī stem: laudāv-

monu-ī stem: monu-

mīs-ī stem: mīs-

audīv-ī stem: audīv-

fu-ī stem: fu-

Perfect Indicative Active

The PERFECT tense expresses a past act

For all three forms in English, Latin has one form: the PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE.

The perfect indicative active of ALL LATIN VERBS, REGULAR AND IRREGULAR, is formed by:

1. Finding the perfect stem from the third principal part;

2. Adding the endings shown in the model, Grammar No. 174


Copy or fill in the blank Grammar Rules:

Verbs

No 142 Verbs have voice, mood, tense, number, and person.

No 143 Voice. There are two voices: active and passive.

No 144 a. The active represents the subject as acting or being. Lēgātum laudō. I praise the envoy. Valeō. I am well.

No 145 b. The passive represents the subject as acted upon. Laudor. I am praised.

No 146 Mood. There are three moods: indicative, subjunctive, imperative. (The meanings and used of these moods and tenses must be learned by syntax)

No 147 Tense. There are six tenses: present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect. (The meanings and used of these moods and tenses must be learned by syntax)

No 148 Number. There are two numbers: singular and plural. No 149 Person. There are three persons:

First (the one speaking – I, we)

Second (the one spoken to – you)

Third (the one spoken of – he, she, it, they)

No 150 Conjugation consists in adding the proper endings to the proper stem to show the

different voices, moods, tenses, numbers and persons

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No 174Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - laudāv-ī

Form MeaningSingular 1st P laudāv-ī I praised ( I have praised)Singular 2nd P laudāv-istī you praised ( you have praised)Singular 3rd P laudāv-īt he, she, it praised ( he, she, it has praised)

Plural 1st P laudāv-imus we praised ( we have praised)Plural 2nd P laudāv-istis you praised ( you have praised)Plural 3rd P laudāv-ērunt they praised (they have praised)

No 177Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - monu-ī

Form MeaningSingular 1st P monu-ī I advised ( I have advised)Singular 2nd P monu-istī you advised ( you have advised)Singular 3rd P monu-īt he, she, it advised ( he, she, it has advised)

Plural 1st P monu-imus we advised ( we have advised)Plural 2nd P monu-istis you advised ( you have advised)Plural 3rd P monu-ērunt they advised (they have advised)

No 178Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - mīs -ī

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mīs -ī I sent ( I have sent)

Singular 2nd P mīs-istī you sent ( you have sent)Singular 3rd P mīs -īt he, she, it sent ( he, she, it has sent)

Plural 1st P mīs-imus we sent ( we have sent)Plural 2nd P mīs-istis you sent ( you have sent)Plural 3rd P mīs-ērunt they sent (they have sent)

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No 179Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - audīv-ī -

Form MeaningSingular 1st P audīv-ī I heard ( I have heard)Singular 2nd P audīv-istī you heard ( you have heard)Singular 3rd P audīv-īt he, she, it heard ( he, she, it has heard)

Plural 1st P audīv-imus we heard ( we have heard)Plural 2nd P audīv-istis you heard ( you have heard)Plural 3rd P audīv-ērunt they heard (they have heard)

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No. 349

Indicative Perfect - fu-ī

Form MeaningSingular 1st P fu-ī I have been, I wasSingular 2nd P fu-istī you have been, you wereSingular 3rd P fu-īt he, she it has been; he, she, it was

Plural 1st P fu-imus we have been, we werePlural 2nd P fu-istis you have been, you werePlural 3rd P fu-ērunt they have been, they were


No 174Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - collocō, 1. tr. - place, station

Form MeaningSingular 1st P colloc-ī I placed ( I have placed)Singular 2nd P colloc-istī you placed ( you have placed)Singular 3rd P colloc-īt he, she, it placed ( he, she, it has placed)

Plural 1st P colloc-imus we placed ( we have placed)Plural 2nd P colloc-istis you placed ( you have placed)Plural 3rd P colloc-ērunt they placed (they have placed)

No 177Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsūrus, 2. tr. - remain

Form MeaningSingular 1st P man-ī I advised ( I have advised)Singular 2nd P man-istī you advised ( you have advised)Singular 3rd P man-īt he, she, it advised ( he, she, it has advised)

Plural 1st P man-imus we advised ( we have advised)Plural 2nd P man-istis you advised ( you have advised)Plural 3rd P man-ērunt they advised (they have advised)

No 178Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - compleō, complēre, complēvī, complētus, 2. tr.; w. abl. - fill (with)

Form MeaningSingular 1st P compl-ī I filled ( I have filled)Singular 2nd P compl-istī you filled ( you have filled)Singular 3rd P compl-īt he, she, it filled ( he, she, it has filled)

Plural 1st P compl-imus we filled ( we have filled)Plural 2nd P compl-istis you filled ( you have filled)Plural 3rd P compl-ērunt they filled (they have filled)

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No 179Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessūrus, 3. intr. - give way, yield

Form MeaningSingular 1st P cēd -ī I gave ( I have given)Singular 2nd P cēd-istī you gave ( you have given)Singular 3rd P cēd -īt he, she, it gave ( he, she, it has given)

Plural 1st P cēd-imus we gave ( we have given)Plural 2nd P cēd-istis you gave ( you have given)Plural 3rd P cēd-ērunt they gave (they have given)


No 175

Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)

Singular – 1. laudāv-eram - I had praised 2. laudāv-erās - you had praised 3. laudāv-erat - he, she, it had praised

Plural - 1. laudāv-erāmus - we had praised 2. laudāv-erātis - you had praised 3. laudāv-erant – they had praise

No 176

Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem)

Singular – 1. laudāv-erō - I shall have praised 2. laudāv-eris - you will have praised 3. laudāv-erit - he, she, it will have praised

Plural - 1. laudāv-erimus - we shall have praised 2. laudāv-eritis - you will have praised

3. laudāv-erint – they will have praised

No 180Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)

Singular – 1. monu-eram - I had advised 2. monu-erās - you had advised 3. monu-erat - he, she, it had advised

Plural - 1. monu-erāmus - we had advised

2. monu-erātis - you had advised 3. monu-erant– they had advised

S2W14


Singular – 1. mīs -eram - I had sent 2. mīs-erās - you had sent 3. mīs -erat - he, she, it had sent

Plural - 1. mīs-erāmus - we had sent 2. mīs-erātis - you had sent 3. mīs-erant – they had sent


Singular – 1. audīv-eram - I had heard 2. audīv-erās - you had heard 3. audīv-erat - he, she, it had heard

Plural - 1. audīv-erāmus - we had heard 2. audīv-erātis - you had heard

3. audīv-erant – they had heard

No 183Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem)

Singular – 1. monu-erō - I shall have advised 2. monu-eris - you will have advised 3. monu-erit - he, she, it will have advised

Plural - 1. monu-erimus - we shall have advised 2. monu-eritis - you will have advised

3. monu-erint– they will have advised


Singular – 1. mīs -erō - I shall have sent 2. mīs-eris - you will have sent 3. mīs -erit - he, she, it will have sent

Plural - 1. mīs-erimus - we shall have sent 2. mīs-eritis - you will have sent 3. mīs-erint – they will have sent

S2W14


Singular – 1. audīv-erō - I shall have heard 2. audīv-eris - you will have heard 3. audīv -erat - he, she, it will have heard

Plural - 1. audīv-erimus - we shall have heard 2. audīv-eritis - you will have heard

3. audīv-erint – they will have heard


No 175

Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) – laudav-

Form MeaningSingular 1st P laudāv-eram I had praisedSingular 2nd P laudāv-erās you had praisedSingular 3rd P laudāv-erat he, she, it had praised

Plural 1st P laudāv-erāmus we had praisedPlural 2nd P laudāv-erātis you had praisedPlural 3rd P laudāv-erant they had praised

No 176

Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem) - laudav

Form MeaningSingular 1st P laudāv-erō I shall have praised Singular 2nd P laudāv-eris you will have praisedSingular 3rd P laudāv-erit he, she, it will have praised

Plural 1st P laudāv-erimus we shall have praised Plural 2nd P laudāv-eritis you will have praised Plural 3rd P laudāv-erint they will have praised

No 180Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) – monu-

Form MeaningSingular 1st P monu-eram I had advisedSingular 2nd P monu-erās you had advisedSingular 3rd P monu-erat he, she, it had advised

Plural 1st P monu-erāmus we had advisedPlural 2nd P monu-erātis you had advisedPlural 3rd P monu-erant they had advised

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No 181Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - mīs

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mīs-eram I had sentSingular 2nd P mīs-erās you had sentSingular 3rd P mīs-erat he, she, it had sent

Plural 1st P mīs-erāmus we had sentPlural 2nd P mīs-erātis you had sentPlural 3rd P mīs-erant they had sent

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No 182Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)- audīv

Form MeaningSingular 1st P audīv-eram I had heardSingular 2nd P audīv-erās you had heardSingular 3rd P audīv-erat he, she, it had heard

Plural 1st P audīv-erāmus we had heardPlural 2nd P audīv-erātis you had heardPlural 3rd P audīv-erant they had heard

No 183Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) - monu

Form MeaningSingular 1st P monu-erō I shall have advised Singular 2nd P monu-eris you will have advisedSingular 3rd P monu-erit he, she, it will have advised

Plural 1st P monu-erimus we shall have advised Plural 2nd P monu-eritis you will have advised Plural 3rd P monu-erint they will have advised

S2W14

No 184Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) - mīs

Form MeaningSingular 1st P mīs-erō I shall have sent Singular 2nd P mīs-eris you will have sentSingular 3rd P mīs-erit he, she, it will have sent

Plural 1st P mīs-erimus we shall have sent Plural 2nd P mīs-eritis you will have sent Plural 3rd P mīs-erint they will have sent

No 185Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) - audīv

Form MeaningSingular 1st P audīv-erō I shall have heard Singular 2nd P audīv-eris you will have heardSingular 3rd P audīv-erit he, she, it will have heard

Plural 1st P audīv-erimus we shall have heard Plural 2nd P audīv-eritis you will have heard Plural 3rd P audīv-erint they will have heard


Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem) - adjuvō, adjuvāre, adjūvī, adjūtus, 1. tr. - help, aid

Form MeaningSingular 1st P adjuv-erō I shall have helped Singular 2nd P adjuv-eris you will have helpedSingular 3rd P adjuv-erit he, she, it will have helped

Plural 1st P adjuv-erimus we shall have helped Plural 2nd P adjuv-eritis you will have helped Plural 3rd P adjuv-erint they will have helped

Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - - adjuvō, adjuvāre, adjūvī, adjūtus, 1. tr. - help, aid

Form MeaningSingular 1st P adjuv-eram I had helpedSingular 2nd P adjuv-erās you had helpedSingular 3rd P adjuv-erat he, she, it had helped

Plural 1st P adjuv-erāmus we had helpedPlural 2nd P adjuv-erātis you had helpedPlural 3rd P adjuv-erant they had helped

Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem) - - perturbō, 1. tr. - confuse, disturb

Form MeaningSingular 1st P perturb-erō I shall have confused Singular 2nd P perturb-eris you will have confusedSingular 3rd P perturb-erit he, she, it will have confused

Plural 1st P perturb-erimus we shall have confused Plural 2nd P perturb-eritis you will have confused Plural 3rd P perturb-erint they will have confused

Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - perturbō, 1. tr. - confuse, disturb

Form MeaningSingular 1st P perturb-eram I had confusedSingular 2nd P perturb-erās you had confusedSingular 3rd P perturb-erat he, she, it had confused

Plural 1st P perturb-erāmus we had confusedPlural 2nd P perturb-erātis you had confusedPlural 3rd P perturb-erant they had confused

Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) - incendō, incendere, incendī, incēnsus, 3. tr. - set fire to, burn

Form MeaningSingular 1st P incend-erō I shall have burned Singular 2nd P incend-eris you will have burnedSingular 3rd P incend-erit he, she, it will have burned

Plural 1st P incend-erimus we shall have burned Plural 2nd P incend-eritis you will have burned Plural 3rd P incend-erint they will have burned

Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - - incendō, incendere, incendī, incēnsus, 3. tr. - set fire to, burn

Form MeaningSingular 1st P incend-eram I had burnedSingular 2nd P incend-erās you had burnedSingular 3rd P incend-erat he, she, it had burned

Plural 1st P incend-erāmus we had burnedPlural 2nd P incend-erātis you had burnedPlural 3rd P incend-erant they had burned

S2W14

Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) incitō, 1. tr. - incite, arouse

Form MeaningSingular 1st P incit-erō I shall have incitedSingular 2nd P incit-eris you will have incitedSingular 3rd P incit-erit he, she, it will have incited

Plural 1st P incit-erimus we shall have incited Plural 2nd P incit-eritis you will have incited Plural 3rd P incit-erint they will have incited

Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - incitō, 1. tr. - incite, arouse

Form MeaningSingular 1st P incit-eram I had incitedSingular 2nd P incit-erās you had incitedSingular 3rd P incit-erat he, she, it had incited

Plural 1st P incit-erāmus we had incitedPlural 2nd P incit-erātis you had incitedPlural 3rd P incit-erant they had incited

Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) servō, 1. tr – guard, keep

Form MeaningSingular 1st P serv-erō I shall have guarded Singular 2nd P serv-eris you will have guardedSingular 3rd P serv-erit he, she, it will have guarded

Plural 1st P serv-erimus we shall have guarded Plural 2nd P serv-eritis you will have guarded Plural 3rd P serv-erint they will have guarded

S2W14

Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - servō, 1. tr – guard, keep

Form MeaningSingular 1st P serv-eram I had guardedSingular 2nd P serv-erās you had guardedSingular 3rd P serv-erat he, she, it had guarded

Plural 1st P serv-erāmus we had guardedPlural 2nd P serv-erātis you had guardedPlural 3rd P serv-erant they had guarded

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