-” war to end all wars”-”make the world safe for democracy” -fought on 3 continents-6...

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-” War to end all wars” -”Make the world safe for democracy” -Fought on 3 continents -6 continents involved in the fighting Causes of World War I

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Page 1: -” War to end all wars”-”Make the world safe for democracy” -Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting Causes of World War I

-” War to end all wars” -”Make the world safe for democracy”

-Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting

Causes of World War I

Page 2: -” War to end all wars”-”Make the world safe for democracy” -Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting Causes of World War I

Pre-War Europe

• Outdated social practices and military tactics

• Alliances• Nationalism • Imperialism• Militarism• These 4 ideas

dominate EuropeHadol’s cartoon map of Europe

Page 3: -” War to end all wars”-”Make the world safe for democracy” -Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting Causes of World War I

Map of Allied and Central Powers

ALLIED POWERSMajor Powers• British Empire

(1914–1918)• France (1914–1918)• Italy (1915–1918)• Russia (1914–1917)• United States

(1917–1918)CENTRAL POWERS

Major Powers• Austria-Hungary

(1914–1918)• Germany (1914–

1918)• Ottoman

Empire/Turkey (1914–1918)

United United StatesStates

Page 4: -” War to end all wars”-”Make the world safe for democracy” -Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting Causes of World War I

Germany

• New independent country (1871)

• Kaiser Wilhelm II• Only a few

colonies• Imperial

aspirations• Leading industrial

power in Europe by 1900

“Bismarck content as colonial powers scramble”

Page 5: -” War to end all wars”-”Make the world safe for democracy” -Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting Causes of World War I

Austria-Hungary• Hapsburg

Dynasty—an old and dying kingdom

• Numerous ethnic groups

• Trouble with Balkan countries (Serbia, Bosnia)

• Provided the “spark” that led to the Great War Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph

Page 6: -” War to end all wars”-”Make the world safe for democracy” -Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting Causes of World War I

Ottoman Empire

• Declining world power (at one time, largest empire in world)

• Young Turks want to restore former glory

• Has military alliance with Germany

Page 7: -” War to end all wars”-”Make the world safe for democracy” -Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting Causes of World War I

France• A republic• Many longed

for glory days of Napoleon’s empire

• Colonial power

• Sought revenge against Germany

• Alliance with Russia Napoleon III flanked by two of his ministers

Page 8: -” War to end all wars”-”Make the world safe for democracy” -Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting Causes of World War I

United Kingdom

• Constitutional monarchy

• 1914: Entered the war to defend Belgium’s neutrality

• Had the least to gain from a war in Europe

• Feared German military might “The Rhodes Colossus”

Page 9: -” War to end all wars”-”Make the world safe for democracy” -Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting Causes of World War I

Russia

• Tsar Nicholas II• Economy based

on serfdom• Struggle to

industrialize• Largest army!• Military size

worries Germany

Russian nobles use serfs in a card game, 1854

Page 10: -” War to end all wars”-”Make the world safe for democracy” -Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting Causes of World War I

Italy

• Constitutional monarchy

• Victor Emmanuel III,

• Part of the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary

• Didn’t fight and Switched sides to join the Allies on April 26th 1915

Mussolini fighting in World War One

Page 11: -” War to end all wars”-”Make the world safe for democracy” -Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting Causes of World War I

Events Leading to War

• June 28: Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated

• July 23: Austria-Hungary delivers ultimatum to Serbia

• July 28: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

• July 29: Austria-Hungary bombards Belgrade; Kaiser Wilhelm II and Tsar Nicholas II exchange telegrams trying to avoid war

• July 30: Russia orders full mobilization; France sends troops within six miles of German border

• July 31: Germany officially asks Austria not to mobilize while unofficially suggesting they do, and moves troops toward France

“The lamps are going out all over Europe”

Page 12: -” War to end all wars”-”Make the world safe for democracy” -Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting Causes of World War I

Events Leading to War (continued)

August 1: France orders full mobilization; Germany orders full mobilization, moves toward Luxembourg; German ambassador sorrowfully delivers declaration of war to Russian foreign minister

August 3: France and Germany declare war on each other; British mobilize army and navy

August 4: Germany invades Belgium; Great Britain and Belgium declare war on Germany

August 6: Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia