-” war to end all wars”-”make the world safe for democracy” -fought on 3 continents-6...
TRANSCRIPT
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-” War to end all wars” -”Make the world safe for democracy”
-Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting
Causes of World War I
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Pre-War Europe
• Outdated social practices and military tactics
• Alliances• Nationalism • Imperialism• Militarism• These 4 ideas
dominate EuropeHadol’s cartoon map of Europe
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Map of Allied and Central Powers
ALLIED POWERSMajor Powers• British Empire
(1914–1918)• France (1914–1918)• Italy (1915–1918)• Russia (1914–1917)• United States
(1917–1918)CENTRAL POWERS
Major Powers• Austria-Hungary
(1914–1918)• Germany (1914–
1918)• Ottoman
Empire/Turkey (1914–1918)
United United StatesStates
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Germany
• New independent country (1871)
• Kaiser Wilhelm II• Only a few
colonies• Imperial
aspirations• Leading industrial
power in Europe by 1900
“Bismarck content as colonial powers scramble”
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Austria-Hungary• Hapsburg
Dynasty—an old and dying kingdom
• Numerous ethnic groups
• Trouble with Balkan countries (Serbia, Bosnia)
• Provided the “spark” that led to the Great War Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph
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Ottoman Empire
• Declining world power (at one time, largest empire in world)
• Young Turks want to restore former glory
• Has military alliance with Germany
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France• A republic• Many longed
for glory days of Napoleon’s empire
• Colonial power
• Sought revenge against Germany
• Alliance with Russia Napoleon III flanked by two of his ministers
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United Kingdom
• Constitutional monarchy
• 1914: Entered the war to defend Belgium’s neutrality
• Had the least to gain from a war in Europe
• Feared German military might “The Rhodes Colossus”
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Russia
• Tsar Nicholas II• Economy based
on serfdom• Struggle to
industrialize• Largest army!• Military size
worries Germany
Russian nobles use serfs in a card game, 1854
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Italy
• Constitutional monarchy
• Victor Emmanuel III,
• Part of the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary
• Didn’t fight and Switched sides to join the Allies on April 26th 1915
Mussolini fighting in World War One
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Events Leading to War
• June 28: Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated
• July 23: Austria-Hungary delivers ultimatum to Serbia
• July 28: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
• July 29: Austria-Hungary bombards Belgrade; Kaiser Wilhelm II and Tsar Nicholas II exchange telegrams trying to avoid war
• July 30: Russia orders full mobilization; France sends troops within six miles of German border
• July 31: Germany officially asks Austria not to mobilize while unofficially suggesting they do, and moves troops toward France
“The lamps are going out all over Europe”
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Events Leading to War (continued)
August 1: France orders full mobilization; Germany orders full mobilization, moves toward Luxembourg; German ambassador sorrowfully delivers declaration of war to Russian foreign minister
August 3: France and Germany declare war on each other; British mobilize army and navy
August 4: Germany invades Belgium; Great Britain and Belgium declare war on Germany
August 6: Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia