----....

u.s. Army Apache Attack Helicopter program Summary AS OF APRIL 1986 MG CHARLES F. DRENZ APACHE PRDGRAM MANAGER, USAMC 4300 GOODFELLOW BLVD. ST. LOUIS, MO 63120 AV 693·1911 COM'L (314) 263·1911

BACKCROUND AND DESCRIPTION

The AH-64A Apache is the first attack helicopter devel­oped specifically to deliver anti-armor and area suppres­sion fire in day, night and adverse weather, with emphasis on the ability to fight, survive and to live with the soldier on the battlefield. In the field with U.S. Army units, the two-place twin-engine Apache represents an optimization of technology for the modern tank-heavy battlefield environment.

In June of 1973, the Deputy Secretary of Defense autho­rized the Army to initiate a two-phased development of the advanced attack helicopter. Phase 1 was a competi­tive development for selecting the best helicopter air­frame to enter Phase 2, the full-scale engineering development. Following a competitive fly-off evaluation, the McDonnell Douglas YAH-64 was selected as the winner on December 10, 1976.

Phase 2 was a 56-month full-scale engineering develop­ment program. The Army Operational Test II was com­pleted with the Apache accumulating more than 400 flight hours during June-August 1981. Overall, more than 5,500 test hours were flown on several YAH-64 prototypes.

Long lead time contracts for production of the Apache were awarded in February 1981, with a procurement objective of 675 aircraft into 1990. The first production delivery was made January 26, 1984, and the produc­tion rate will grow to 12 Apaches a month by June 1986.

AH·64A

APACHE PRODUCTION SCHEDULE

CALENDAR YEARS 1982 1 1983 1 19841 1985 1 1986 1 1987 1 1988 1 1989 11990 ....--PRODUCTION CONTRACT AWARD I PRODUCTION I

rnl I 48 I

0!Ll IJE)

DEl PRODUCTION AIRCRAFT DEl DELIVERIES � 675 TOTAL m:J

TRAIN INC

The MDHC/U.S. Army-developed AH-64A training pro­gram has been validated and implemented at Ft. Rucker, AL, Ft. Gordon, GA, and Ft. Eustis, VA.

Three aircrew courses for instructor and key personnel training (IKPT) have been completed. Twenty-five instructor pilots, 5 maintenance test pilots and 8 pilots have completed qualification training. A total of 1340 flight hours were logged in support of AH-64A training. Apache aircrew armament systems training utilized 24 Hellfire missiles, 4300 70mm rockets and 55,000 30mm rounds.

Transition from MDHC-instructed IKPT to the government-instructed Aircraft Qualification Course (AQC) was completed in September 1985 at Ft. Rucker. The first Maintenance Test Pilot (MTP) training course began at Ft. Eustis in November. Maintenance training courses are in progress for 12 Military Occupational Specialties (MOS). Avionics and test equipment training is being conducted at Ft. Gordon for Career Manage­ment Field 35. Aircraft weapons and maintenance sys­tems training is being conducted at Ft. Eustis for Career Management Fields 66, 67 and 68.

Training devices to support aircrew and maintenance training have been delivered and are being utilized at the TRADOC schools. Aircrew training devices include the Cockpit, Weapons, Emergency Procedures Trainer (CWEPT) and classroom system panel trainers. Mainte­nance training devices include full-scale aircraft systems trainers, classroom system panel trainers and individual systems panel trainers. All training devices utilize computer-based hardware and software to replicate actual aircraft systems operation.

Forty-eight production Apaches are assigned to support the TRADOC training program. At Fort Rucker, 32 Apaches and 1 0 Cobras equipped with PNVS support aircrew qualification training. Pilots receive ground school and 80 flight hours of training over a 10-week

period. At Fort Eustis, 16 Apaches support maintenance and maintenance test pilot training. Ten Apaches have been designated as category B non-flyable trainers, to support maintenance training. The remaining six Apaches support a 5-week maintenance test pilot course encompassing 210 academic hours and 14 flight test hours of instruction.

FIELDINC

The Apache Program Office, TRADOC and FORSCOM are working with MDHC to implement the Apache field­ing plan. This plan will field 34 highly trained attack heli­copter battalions equipped with 612 Apaches to U.S. Army units worldwide by 1990. Each attack helicopter battalion will be equipped with 18 Apaches, 3 UH-60s and 1 2 OH-58 scout helicopters. To support fielding, Ft. Hood, TX will serve as the single-station fielding location for all Apache unit training.

Following completion of TRADOC individual training at Forts Rucker, Eustis and Gordon, personnel will move to Fort Hood, join their unit and participate in battalion level training. Fort Hood training will be administered by the FORSCOM Apache Training Brigade. Units assigned to the brigade will draw their full TOE equip­ment, participate in a unit training program and com­plete an ARTEP before deploying to their operational assignment. The Apache Training Brigade will support the single-station fielding concept through the transition of 24 existing units, from Cobras to Apaches, and through the formation of as many as 10 new Apache attack helicopter battalions.

A satellite Apache program office has been established at Ft. Hood to manage program activities at Fort Hood facilities, to include Gray and Hood AAF, and will support unit training requirements. All production Apaches will be delivered to Ft. Hood for unit issue and training sup­port. Upon completion of training, outgoing attack heli­copter battalions will deploy to their assigned home stations with their Apaches and full TOE complement. The first Apaches were delivered to Fort Hood in Febru­ary 1986. This unit will be fully equipped by April 1986 and, upon completion of the training cycle, will remain at Fort Hood.

APACHE FIELDIE��

E�

('Y':%8) "

7'/� I /'1',. ,,/ :} . L .r FT. EUSTIS. VA W ARMY FT. CAMPBELL, KY .....4-NATIONAL GUARD,

RED RIVER

·

• X NC

MOHC ARMY �EPOT '�T' BRAGG, NC MESA, AZ (� !� N::':::�:�

,

A::

FT. HOOD, TX FT. RUCKER, AL

FLiCHT PERFORMANCE

The best measures of performance for a helicopter, a t a prescribed atmosphere, mission weight and endurance, are vertical rate of climb (VROC), air­speed and agile maneuverability (represented by a wide flight envelope), The Apache is powered by twin'engine T70Q·GE·701 General Electric turbine engines rated at 1694 shaft horsepower each, A sin­gle engine contingency power of 1723 shp is available for emergency conditions.

� I

<r 0 >-u " � 0 " 0 �

VERTICAL RATE OF CLIMB (100%IRP)

2000 ,...,_-, .... _,-_-,--_-,--

--, (609 6)

1600 i---i'--+--'i: � (487.7) a. e. 1200 � (365.8) I--I--\.-t--+-,�'f--+___i � 1 800 '--I---t -\'--+--P\-+___i g (243.8) r <r >

'00 1--I--7f ( 121.9)

o ,. "'3--!"-;---!:,s'---;"6"--;,,,", --!';;-8 --:"'9 (5897) (6350) (680'1] (72581 (7711) (8165) (8618)

GROSS WEIGHT .... 1000 LBS (KGS)

MAX. LEVEL FLIGHT SPEED (VH) PRIMARY MISSION CONFIGURATION

168 ,-----,r---,-_-,_-,-_-,-_-, I (310) " � 160 I���...b:--.g (J) (296) j-;': ... 1

o w w a. '" <r " w ::l <r >-

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

"

·1.0

152 (281) 1-_1---;l1L-�1 o;:--f ..... ;d---j

MI ·EAST HOT D Y "4 ,

__ 40+

0_FT_ .. +

5_· F-+_-+��_-j (266) r

136 (252) 1"2 --,l'3'--�"--'1�S-""1""6 --:''',----:',8

(5443) (5897) �6350) (6804) (7258) (7711) (8165) GROSS WEIGHT - 1000 LBS (KGS)

FLIGHT ENVELOPE SEA LE VEL 14 660 LBS. (6650 Kg)

STRU rURAL DESIG � ENV LOPE � � 3 S9

(POW R ON) -- --f--� ./ \

V � .' "" ·45 kn 1/ � +19 I�' \

� r--.... EROD Nc'\:.CV i

LIGHT V"'*' ... ... ......1 ' -['

0 . 59

·80 ·40 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 (·1'18) (·74) (74) (1.16) (222) (296) (370) (444)

TRUE AIRSPEED .... KTAS (KMIH)

BALLISTICALLY SURVIVABLE

Ballistic assessments of the AH-64A indicate an invul­nerability to heavy machine gun rounds and low vulner­ability to light cannon rounds. The requirement for the main transmission to operate 30 minutes without oil enhances mission accomplishment. During component qualification testing, the main transmission operated over one hour without oil, surpassing the Army requirement.

CRITICAL COMPONENT MATERIALS

Typical Aluminum Part

Advanced Aluminum Alloy In AH-64A

CREW PROTECTION BLAST SHIELDS

Transparent Shield Between Cockpits

Below Seat Shield

FUEL CELL STRUCTURE

. � ''''' . . ,-- .:-"" ��I �.'O',.. :. �. -'--./ \J. - .��

-" � Fuel Cell/Structure - Light Cannon Hit

Operated 5.2 Hours After Hit - No Failure

CRASHWORTHY

Rugged construction and innovative design features minimize system attrition. Additionally, a 95% probabil­ity of crew survival at a vertical crash impact rate of 42 feet per second is engineered into the Apache. The Army goal - save the crew and repair the helicopter to fight again.

STOWABLE

PAOTECTED

SENSORS

CRASH RESISTANT

FUEL SYSTEM

ROLL BAR EFFECT / PROTECTS CREW

LOAD

ABSORPTION

STRUCTURE

.... ST ATle MAST _?::::: AETAINSAOTOR

COLLAPSIBLE

TURRET

AVOIDS CREW LOAD ABSORBING

LANDING GEAR

ARMAMENT PAYLOAD

Apache is designed to provide the battlefield com­mander with a high performance attack helicopter capa­ble of carrying a flexible armament payload to meet the varying demands of the battle situation. Apache affords the battlefield commander an ordnance payload in excess of 3,000 pounds per helicopter. The accompany­ing chart depicts some representative missions.

� ,.,�.�.'

. ;1%1/;1 U 'mU l/ l'i l ... ' . ... ... ,#" -' t ",tl il,1 Mlu lonl Wing Gun WII\g (j � Anll·Ar Mor (DoI.n .. > Mld-E .. , '"' ". '"' ,,� ". ,.U

Ptlm. Million oIOOO"/9S-F RHOS

An�·AfmO/ IDor.nl.) Mld· E ... '"' " .. '"' .� '" ,,, <IOOQ'/9S ' F RHOS

AnU·Arn"" (DoI.n • • ) Mld· En ' '" ". '" ... ' " ... 4OOO'I9S'F RHOS

Anll-ArmOf 10.I.nll) Eurapoo '" " .. '" ... ,� '-' 2OOO'nO'F RHOS

Co.",,, g Fore'IAI, C •• , Mld·h,' '"' "00 '" ... '" , . ., "IIOO'/9S'F RHOS

Co .. ,Ir.g Forel CAl! e .. ) Eu.opo '"' " .. . " .., " . , .. 2'OOO'110'F 19 RillS RHOS 18 RillS

Al!mobill EsC<H1 Mid" Elit 1 9 RillS ,� 19 RillS .., ,� ,.U 4OOO'/85'F RHOS

AI.mobUI Elc<H1 Eu.opo 38 Rl(lS ,� 38 RillS ,� ,� , .. 2'OOO"110'F RHOS

(No Fire - Self Sealed) Based on actual alfcrall weight

FIREPOWER

The primary point target weapon of the Apache is the Hellfire anti-tank missile. Suppressive fire is provided by the 30mm M230 automatic cannon area weapon sub-

ARMAMENT INTECRATION

PILOT NIGHT VISION SENSOR

INTEGRATED HELMET AND DISPLAY SIGHT SUBSYSTEM

HELLFIRE MISSILES

TARGET --",NTEGIRA1'ED FIRE CONTROL

30MM M230 AUTOMATIC CANNON AND DESIGNA TION SIGHT

30MM AREA WEAPON SUBSYSTEM • M230'CHAIN GUN3>

AUTOMATIC CANNON • LIGHT ARMOR PENETRATION • 625 • 4000 E F FECTIVE RMmli---Fr

• FLEXIBLE: • AZIMUTH LEFT

OR RIGHT 1000 • ELEVATION + 11 0 TO _600

• 1200 ROUND CAPACI TY • 10 MIN. RELOAD

SURVIVABILITY

• 1200 ROUND CAPACITY • RELOAD 1200 RDS ·

10 MINUTES

The AH-64A is the most survivable helicopter known. Battlefield survivability is achieved through the syner­gism of high maneuverability and a rugged twin-engine airframe highly tolerant of light cannon and heavy machine gun rounds. Integration of redundant flight con­trol systems, self-sealing fuel cells, armor plating of criti­cal components and blast shields for crew protection enhance aircraft and crew survivability.

DETECTABILITY -AURAL, VISUAL, RADAR, INFRARED

Designed for low detectability, the Apache incorporates a low-flicker rotor, low-glint canopy, composite materials, "scissor" tail rotor, compact design and a new approach to engine plume suppression.

system and the 70mm folding fin aerial rocket (FFAR) subsystem.

HELLFIRE POINT TARCET SUBSYSTEM

• AUTONOMOUS SEl F·DESIGNATION • COOPERATIVE ENGAGEMENT WITH AHIP OR GllD • TAI·SERVICE AND NATO LASER COMPATIBLE • LONG RANGE STAND-OFF ACCURACY

.BUILT-IN TEST AFTER LOADING

16 Hellfire Missiles

70MM ROCKET SUBSYSTEM

• REMOTE SET FUZE HYDRA 70 COMPATIBLE • AUTOMATIC PYLON ELEVATION FOR

RANGE COMPENSATION • 6000 METER E F FECTIVE RANGE

'� ffi .� .. �.� /::::-yt:> '\...�':.���./' �-" r'" / /-A·o;·;::>;>·V'·< ... /'

.,..,., . ...<;/""" .,: _",.... I ·' ........-::/)1�/1 .:'Gil

G/" (:!/�� " �<�? �;>-" C/ ___ �y

76 70mm Aerial Rockets

VISIONICS

The Martin Marietta TADS and PNVS provide the Apache with high-resolution, long-range day/night/ adverse weather target acquisition, designation and nap-of-the-earth night pilotage capabilities. These sys­tems enhance survivability and provide effective utiliza­tion of on-board weapons from stand-off ranges.

�TARGET ACQUISITION DESIGNATION SIGHT ADS) • DVO (DIRECT

VI EW OPTICS)

FLiR

TV

LASER DESIGNATOR! RANGE FINDER

• LASER TRACKER

• IMAGE AUTO TRACKER

[lIPILOT NIGHT VISION SENSOR (PNVS) • FLiR

SUPPORTABILITY

The Apache Electronic Equipment Test Facility ( EETF) utilizes computer based Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) to test and diagnose failures in Apache aircraft components. This is accomplished by providing stimuli to the units under test, which simulates the aircraft envi­ronment, and then measuring the results to determine the faulty parts within the tested components.

The Automatic Test Equipment is housed in an expand­able 35 foot environmentally controlled semi-trailer. The van, when in the transport mode, is the normal width of 8 feet. When deployed, however, it expands to 14.8 feet and provides a spacious mobile shop for the testing of Apache aircraft components. The EETF, assigned to the intermediate maintenance level, is capable of support­ing up to 54 Apaches, or 3 Apache battalions.

SET AND

ANCILLARY ITEMS

APACHE ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT TEST FACILITY

APACHE PECULIAR

RELIABLE-AVAILABLE-MAINTAINABLE

The Army has placed a great deal of emphasis on the ability of the AH-64A to perform a mission without a fail­ure. Should a failure occur, the aircraft should quickly and easily be restored to an operational status. With this in mind, the Army developed an in-depth RAM program based on the principle that desired RAM characteristics must be inherent to the basic design. RAM improvements can then be expanded through minor design changes. Through the process of contractor requirements, man­agement controls and RAM data monitoring, many improved state-of-the-art design features were adopted. Such features include:

• An on-board fault detection/location system

• Built-in work platforms to eliminate work stands

• Easy accessibility to all compartments

• Quick-release pins to secure main rotor blades

• Use of quick disconnects for electrical and fluid lines

• Rapid removal/replacement of all major components

• Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic power provided by an auxiliary power unit

A static main rotor mast permits removal of the main transmission without removal of the main rotor system. This design enhances reliability because flight loads are transmitted directly to the airframe rather than through the main transmission.

STATIC MAST

MAIN ROTOR

DRIVE SHAFT

MAIN

TRANSMISSION

MAST SUPPORT

STRUCTURE

/FUSELAGE DECK

The objective of the RAM program has been to produce a reliable weapons system that can be maintained by Army mechanics. Through the use of an on-board fault detection and location system, combined with a modular remove and replace maintenance concept, Apache maintainability is enhanced.

"_.-'·IEASY ACCESS

STATIC MAST

INCREASES

TRANSMISSION LIFE

FAULT DETECTION/LOCA nON

SYSTEM IBITEI

AVIONICS / COCKPIT ARRAN CEMENT

The Apache has VHF·UHF·FM secure communica· tion links and a lightweight doppler navigation sys· tem. Vertical·scale instruments and overall

PILOT'S DISPLAY PANEL

VERTICAL SCALE INSTRUMENTS

• ENGINE TORQUE/TEMP • ENGIN E/ROTOR SPEEDS • FUEL • OIL PRESS.lTEMP

INTEGRATED WEAPONS CONTROLS

• HELLFIRE MISSILES, 70mm ROCKETS, 30mm GUN

• TARGET ACQUISITION DESIGNATION SIGHT, HELMET SIGHT, PILOT NIGHT VISION SENSOR

• STORES STATIONS

CO-PILOT / CUNNER'S DISPLAY PANEL

• HELLFIRE MISSILE?, 30mm M230 AUTOMAI

• TARGET ACQUISITION DE:SIIGN.\TION HELMET SIGHT, PILOT NIGHT

MULTIPURPOSE SIGHT SYSTEM

• TARGET ACQUISITION DESIGNATION SIGHT • NIGHT VISION • HELLFIRE MISSILE/GUN CONTROL • FAULT DETECTION/LOCATION SYSTEM

TURNAROUND TIME

Combat availability is enhanced by rapid turnaround time. The Apache can be fully refueled and rearmed in less than 10 minutes. Rapid turnaround provides ground

. commanders with timely combat firepower support.

panel/console arrangements are designed to keep crew workload to the minimum.

VIDEO DISPLAY UNIT

• ATIITUDE • SPEED • ALTITUDE • HOVER

R TRANSMITIER DISPLAY

VERTICAL SCALE INSTRUMENTS

• ENGINE TORQUE • ENGINE/ROTOR SPEEDS

REARM HELLFIRE (8 EACH) REARM 76 ROCKETS REARM 30mm (1200 ROUNDS)

ARMAMENT OPTION CHANGE HELLFIRE TO 70mm ROCKETS 70mm ROCKETS TO HELLFIRE

SINGLE POINT PRESSURE REFUELING

5 MINUTES 10 MINUTES 10 MINUTES

10 MINUTES 10 MINUTES

4 MINUTES

WORLDWIDE MISSIONS

To satisfy combat requirements, Apache is designed to conduct long-range self-deployment and air transport missions. The Apache can self-deploy over the indicated route with up to a 20-knot headwind and 45-minute reserve at speeds for maximum range. Where rapid response is needed, C-141 B and C-5A loadings can be effected in a matter of a few hours.

SELF-DEPLOYABLE (800 NM FERRY RANCE I AH·64A TRANSATLANTIC FERRY MISSION

GOOSEBAY, CANADA TO FROBISHER BAy.......... ...... .. 700 NM

FROBISHER BAY TO SONDERSTROM,GAEENLAND . . . . . • . . . . . . . 440NM

SONDEASTROM, GREENLAND TO REYKJAVIK, ICELAND... . 760 NM

REYKJAVIK, ICELAND TO PRESTWICK, SCOTLAND... . 790 NM

AIR TRANSPORTABLE

I �� WI" -iDeg;v C-141B - 2 EACH

I��I I�,- = :5: SE- ' !J,

C-5A - 6 EACH

MANAGEMENT

The AH-64A Apache is one of the Army's top priority programs. It is now structured under the U.S. Army Materiel Command multi-level concept. The Program Manager is MG Charles F. Drenz. The Project Man­ager for the TADS/PNVS and the Product Manager for Automatic Test Equipment report to him, and ele­ments of the PMO staff assist in overall manage­ment efforts.

CONTRACTORS

The major contractors involved in the Apache sys­tem development are:

MCDONNELL DOUGLAS HELICOPTER COMPANY (PRIME)

AIRESEARCH MFG. co. - PRESS AIR SYSTEM

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES - ROTOR BLADES

AIRCRAFT GEAR CORP.

BENDIX

GARRETT CORP.

GENERAL ELECTRIC

B.F. GOODRICH

GOODYEAR

HONEYWELL AVIONICS

INDIANA GEAR

LITTON GUIDANCE & CNTL.

LITTON PRECISION GEAR

MARTIN MARIETTA

MENASCO

PACER SYSTEMS INC.

PARKER BERTEA

PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS

RCA

SIMULA, INC.

SINGER-KEARFOTT

SPERRY

TELEDYNE RYAN

TELEDYNE SYSTEM CO.

ARMAMENTS

GFE

HONEYWELL DEE SYS.

MCDONNELL DOUGLAS HELICOPTER COMPANY

ROCKWELL

- TAIL ROTOR GEARBOXES

- DRIVE SHAFT

- PRESS. AIR ENCU APU

- T-700·GE-701 ENGINE

- GEAR SETS

- FUEL CELLS

- HELMET SIGHTING

- GEAR SETS

- HARS STRAPDOWN

- MAIN TRANSMISSION

- TADS/PNVS

- LANDING GEAR

- AIR DATA SUBSYSTEM

- HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

- CANOPY TRANSPARENCIES

- AUTO. TEST EOUIP.

- ARMOR CREW SEATS

- DOPPLER NAV. SYSTEM

- MULTIPLEX SYSTEMS, ASE

- AIRFRAME STRUCTURE

- FIRE CONTROL COMPUTER

- 70mm ROCKETS

- 30mm AMMUNITION

- 30mm CANNON

- HELLFIRE MISSILE

OFFICE PROCRAM MANACER

APACHE ATTACK HELICOPTER

I PM ATE OFCOF THE PM 'PM TAOS PNvsl I APMS. --- I PROG MGT ON I I TECH MGT D1vl

I FIN MGMT OIV I I ADM SVC DFC I I P/PDIV I I SYS ENG OIV

I PAQFC I I LOG MGT DIV I I I APACHE MFT I I APACHE MFT t I APACHE MFT I FT. RUCKER FT. EUSTIS FT. HOOD

C-=-=J NOT YET ESTABLISHED

----- TASKING AUTHORITY DIRECT CONTROL

c-PiiO!EMill �A�E� ...J

AH-64A