____ - turbo cad

The Breakthrough CAD Software Are you a new'generation CAD user or potential user?? You're looking far software thal wl let you work at TurboSpeed, from the time you open the package, to the final professional drawing. TurboCAD Is For You. It is a remarkable 2-Dimensional high-perfonnance CAD package. You'll enjoy ali the benefits of CAD. lt will open new creative and design horizons, and improve your professionalism and efficiency. What TurboCAD does best is give you speed, power and ease-of-use, without the risk of paying too high a price. TurboCAD is the CAD software you' ve been waiting for . TurboCAD Makes Drawing Easy. Launch yourself into action quickly with TurboCAD's user friendly design. Handy pull-down menus guide you easily through complex functions. Context-sensitive HELP is only a keystroke away. An on-line tutorial and a comprehensive manual help you while you are learning. Draw lines, ares, polygons, ellipses . fillets, squares and rectangles with ease. Once an object is drawn you can move, mirror, rotate or scale it to your specifications. Use the grid and 18 snap modesto give you the precision you need. Zoom and pan around your drawing to give it that extra detail.

TurboCAD makes learning easy with Context Sensitive HELP only a keystroke away.

Unlike other CAD packages, TurboCAD uses Pull-Down menus to guide you effortlessly

through complex commands. TurboCAD Gives You Power. Someone with CAD experience will really appreciate the power and speed of TurboCAD. Define an are in 7 ways. Feel the flexibility of 128 laycrs, 100 line and arrow types. 256 line thicknesses, 16 colors. different text fonts , cursors and grids. Use rubberbanding, ortho-gonal and windowing fnctions to create and edil your

drawing with speed. Use linear, array or radial {$RJ2JS" options for copying. Experience the power of .u ! ti automatic dimensioning and hatching. n4'"f /.l--t;i TurboCAD Gives You Flexibility. :#-'Lg L TurboCAD works efficiently as an isolated system, or smoothly with other specialized CAD systems. DXF, ASCII and HPGL inter-faces ensure compatibility with other micro, mainframe and Desktop Publishing systems. Powerful functions such as a complete Macro and language, integrated scientific calculator and easy Symbol library creation open up your creative horizons. Attach attributes to your

sym~ls, and extracta Bill of Materials. Turbo-CAD will even generate the program code for any drawing in BASICA or TurboPascal.

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TurboCAD Is For: Designers Artists Drafters Students . Architects Contractors Engineers Managers

. . . Anyone who needs to draw 1 "TurboCAD easily outclasses other similarly priced

CAD software." - Online Today "Best pricelpeiformonce of any CAD fHJCkage

/'ve seen." - Computer Shopper

TurboCAD lncludes: Q] Context Sensitive HELP Q] Pull Down Menus Q] Hatching. filleting . snaps and grids Q] Automatic Dimensioning Q] Full plotting capabilities Q] DXF. HPGL and ASCII file formats

JO-DaJ Mony Bacl Guaran/,. Not Copy Prornted

System Requiffillellls: IBM compatible. 256K. 2 floppy di, ks or hard drive. graphic!i card. Epson or IBM comparible prinrer TurboC AD 1s a rcg1stercd tradcmarlc of Pink Soft lntemauonal

Copyri@:hl Pink Soft lntemational All nght\ re\erved IBM POXT1AT. IBM PS12 "a trademark of

lntemational Busines\ Machines Corp Pubhshed byo

IMSI, 1938 Fourth Str~t. San Rafad, CA 9490! (415 14.14 710!

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- : ....... ..... .

Table of Contents

Chapter 3 - Command Summary 3.1 Funetion Keys ... . 3 .2 Main Menu . . .. . . 3.3 Point Definition Me nu 3 .4 Erase Menu . . . . . . :. . 3 .5 Window Change Menu

Chapter 4 - Command Keys 4.1 Butto ns 4.2 C ursor Keys 4.3 Escape - 4.4 Control - 4.5 C ursor Swap - 4 .6 Insert - 4.7 Erase Key - 4.8 Zoom Key s . ...

Chapter 5 - The Help Facility Chapter 6 - Setup ....... .

6.1 lntroduetion . ... ..... . 6.2 Environment Pulldown Menu 6.3 Layers Pulldown Menu ... 6.4 Configuration Pulldown Menu 6.5 Text Pulldown Menu . .. . . 6 .6 Dimensions Pulldown M enu . 6 .7 Other Entities Pulldown Menu

Chapter 7 - Transfer Utilities ..... 7.1 Plot Pulldown Menu .... 7.2 Graphies Print Pulldown Menu 7.3 Read Pulldown Menu 7.4 Write Pulldown Menu 7.5 Files Pulldown Menu

rabie of Contents 2

.... 3 .3 - 2

. . 3 - 3

.. 3 - 4

. . 3 - 5

.. 3 - 6

.... 4 . 4 - 1 . 4 - 2 . 4 - 3 . 4 - 4

. . 4 - 6

. . 4 - 7

. . 4 - 10

. . 4 - 11

.. 5 .6 . 6 - 1 .6 - 4 . 6 - 10 . 6 - 12 . 6 - 17 . 6 - 21 . 6 - 28

.... 7 . 7 - 3

.. 7 - 9

.. 7 - 16

.. 7 - 20

. . 7 - 22

Chapter 8 - The Calculator Chapter 9 - Redrawing The Chapter 10 - Windows Chapter 11 - Move Chapter 12 - Copy

. . . . .

Se re en

12.l Linear Copy .. . ... . 12.2 Array Copy 12.3 Radial Copy .... .

Chapter 13 - The Grid ...

Chapter 14 Pan ..... .

Chapter 15 The TurboCAD Menus

Chapter 16 - The Are Command 16. l Are - Aretan .. 16.2 Are - Centre&pt 16.3 Are - Double Pt 16.4 Are - Fi llet ... 16.5 Are - Line Tan . 16.6 Are - Radeentre 16.7 Are - Triple Pt .

17 - The Change Command

Table of Contents

.. 8 . 9 . 10 . 11 . 12

.... 12 - 2 . 12 - 5

.. . ... 12 - 8

. 13

. 14

. 15

. 16 .. 16 - l

.... 16 - 3 . . 16 - 5 .. 16 - 6 . . 16 - 8 . .16 - 10

.... . . 16 - 11

... 17 . 1 7 - 1 . 17 - 3

Chapter 17 .1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17 .6 17.7

Change - Are - Anglesrad Change - Are - Flip . . . Change - Are - Penlayer . 17 - 5 Change - Are - Rad Trim . 17 - 7 Change - Are - Split . . . . 17 - 9 Change - Are - Trimtopt . 17 - 11 Change - Dimension . . . . 17 - 13

Table of Contents 3

Table ot Contents

17.8 Change - Batch ..... l 7. 9 Cha nge - Line - Break l 7 .1 O Change - Line - Length 17.11 Change - Line - Meet 21ns 17.12 Change - Line - Penlayer 17.13 Change - Line - Split .. . 17. 14 Change - Line - Trimtopt . 17.15 Change - Line - Trim Line 17.16 Change - Text .. . .... .

Chaptcr 18 - Dimcnsion Commands 18.1 Dimensions In General 18.2 Dimension - Arrow .. l 8.3 Dimension - Horizontl 18.4 Dimension - Parallel l 8.5 Dimension - Radius 18.6 Dimension - Vertical

Chaptcr 19 - Fancyline Command 19. l Fancyline - Arcpttan 19.2 Fancyline - Dropline 19.3 Fancyline - Ellipse . 19.4 Fancyline - Line2arcs 19.5 Fancyline - Parallel 19.6 Fancyline - Polygon . 19. 7 Fa ncy 1 i ne - Rectangle 19.8 Fancyline - Tangen!

Chapter 20 - The Hatch Command Chapter 21 - The Line Command .

Table of Contents 4

. .. 17 - 16

. .. 17-17

... 17 - 19

... 17 - 21 . ... 17 - 23

. .. 17 - 25

. . . 17 - 26 . 17 - 28

. . . 17 - 30

.... 18 .. .. 18 - 1

. .18 - 2

.. 18 - 3

.. 18 - 4

. . 18 - 5 . . .. 18 - 6

.... 19 .. . 19 - 1 .. . 19 - 3 . . . 19 - 5 . . . 19 - 7 .. 19 - 8 . . 19 - 10

. 19 - 11 . . 19 - 12

. 20

. 21

Chapter 22 - The Measure Command 22. 1 Are 22.2 Line 22.3 'utline 22.4 Point 22.5 Twopoints

Chapter 23 - The Point Command Chapter 24 - The Sketch Command Chapter 25 - The Text Command Chapter 26 - The Quit Command Chapter 27 - Point Definition Menu

27.1 27.2 27.3 27 .4 27.5 27.6 27.7 27.8 27.9 27.10 27.11 27.12 27.13 27.14 27.16 27.17

Screenpos Nearpoint Coordsabs Relative . Polar ... Midpt L in Endpt Are Are Angle On Are Pt Line Pt Hor & Rad Ver & Rad X & Angle Y & Angle lntersect Digitiser ..

Table of Contents

... 22 . 22 - 1 . 22 - 2 . 22 - 3 . 22 - 5 . 22 - 6

. 23

. 24

. 25

. 26

. 27 . 27 - 3 . 27 - 4 . 27 - 5 . 27 - 6 . 27 - 7 . 27 - 8 . 27 - 9 . 27 - 1 o . 27 - 11 . 27 - 12 . 27 - 13 . 27 - 14 . 27 - 15 . 27 - 16 . 27 - 17 . 27 - 20

Table of Contents 5

Table of Contents

Chapter 28 - Advanced Topics 28. l Interface Files ... . ... . 28.2 Turbocad's Macro's 28.3 Interfacing To Other Software 28.4 Bill Of Materials ....... .

.... 28 . 28 - 1 . 28 - 5 . 28 - 11 . 28 - 15

Appendix - A . . . . . . . ... A

A. l lnstallation A.2 Mouse .. A.3 Plotters A.4 Digitizers

Appendix - B . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8.1 Turbocad Technical Specifications 8.2 Turbocad Error Messages . ... .

Appendix - C . . . . . . . . . . . . C. l Problem Solving and Common Questions

Table of Contents 6

. A - 1

.A - 8

.A - 9

. A - 23

. .. B .B - 1 .B - 2

... e ... e - 1

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.,.,.,,. ., ..

1.1 INTRODUCTION

T M

INTERNAT!Ol''.AL MICROCOMPUTER SOFTWARE INC. con-gratulates you on your decision to purchase TurboCAD. Enjoy using it as a stand alone design tool for drawings, graphics and technical specifkations, or lr. conjunction with other software packages. This manual has been written to serve asan introduction to Computer Aided Design (CAD) as well as to provide a det?.iled technical ref-erence for use by the experienced user. The structural simplicity of TurboCAD enables it to be operated by persons with varying degrees of cornputing knowledge, while experienced users can choose from a formidable number of drawing tools.

This is what separates TurboCAD from the common drawing pl)grarns. IMSI is dedicated to building user fricnd ly software and TurboCAD was carefully designed to suit your needs. Extensive reference was made to draftsmen and experienced techniciaus to ensure its suitability in tcrms of generally acceptcd dcsign practices .

Experienced computer users may skip most of the scctions on disk preparation, backups, -:te. and will probably be able to install the system simr~Y l.: running the INSTALL program and answering the prompts. The novice user, however, is advised to read through a li these sections.

The aim of th' tutora! section is twofold. It is dcsigned to tcach the novice user how to set about using a CAD package as wcll as showing the advanced user how TurboCAD has implcmented com-

1.1 INTRODUCTION Page 1 - 1

Chapter 1

Page 1 - 2

mon CAD conccpts. The cxpericnced CAD nser may find it sufficienl lo simply refer lo lhe COMMAND reference seclion called TurboCAD INPUTS.

Final ly, i l is imporlanl lhal yo u fill out and return lhe IMSI REGISTRATION CARO so lhal we can kcep you informed of TurboCAD dcvelopmcnls. This publicalion may nol be reproduced in any form, by any melhod for any purpose without lhe prior written consenl of IMSI.

1.1 INTRODUCT/ON

Getting Started

1.2 WHAT'S NEW

The latest release of TurboCAD includes the following enhance-ments:

l. Virtual Storage In previous releases thc size of drawing thal could be drawn using TurboCAD was reslricted by the amounl of free memory availablc in your compuler. TurboCAD now uses your hard disk or RA M disk for temporary slorage space. The drawing size is now limited by the amount of space that you have on your hard disk.

The MEM value in the information box on thc bollom righl of the screen will flash between and MEM when the virtual slorage system is accessing thc disk. The MEM value is an indication of how much memory space is still available to load more lext fonts.

NOTE: TurboCAD will give the fatal error message "Error expanding tcm-porary file, Save drawing (Y/N)" If you run out of disk space while working. If you do not wish to lose the work that you have done on the drawing, you should reply to the above question and then type in tbe name of a drive that has space on it followed by the drawing name e.g. if you have stuck an empty formatlcd floppy disk in the A: drive you could type in A:NAME . After TurboCAD has saved the drawing to this other drive, you can tidy up your hard disk so that you have more free space and may continue your work session.

NOTE: During an extended period of editing with TurboCAD, especially after many entities have been erased, the virtual storagc syslem will become clutlered with wasled spacc. This affecls specd. Thc key combinalion Alt-1 can be used to recover lhis wasted space. Saving lhe drawing, quitting and then reloading it will bave the same cffect.

2. SPEED TurboCAD is approximalely 3 to 5 times faster than previous releases depending on the action being pcrformed. This is most noticeable in PANS and ZOOMS wherc speed increases as you progressively zoom in further.

1.2 WHA T'S NEW Page 1 - 3

Chapter 1

Page 1- 4

3. VGA SUPPORT TurboCAD now supports VGA 3. DRAWING ORDER PRESERVED

TurboCAD no longer shuffles the drawing order, but always redraws in the sequence in which you added things to the drawing.

4. l

Chapter 1

1.4 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Page 1 - 6

TurboCAD requires the following mnimum configuration:

- An Il3M PC/XT/AT or 100% compatible micro compuler

- PC-DOS or MS-DOS operat ing systems (Version 2.0 or greater) - Al least 512K of memory

- A hard drive with a minimum of one megabyte of space free

- A graphics monitor (Hcrcules, CGA, EGA, VGA, Olivetti or 100% compatible)

While the above is a mni mu m configuration, lhcre are man y hardwa re add-ons that a re desirable in runn ing an effic ient TurboCAD system (refer to APPENDIX A - INSTALLATION for device dctails).

Input Device Allhough TurboCAD can operate with only a standard keyboard as an input device, it can also take full advantage o f other input devices which are specifically designed for pointing (e.g. mouse) or for precise positioning of the cursor on the screen (e.g. digitizers). As these devices are not standard, picase ensure that the device you wish to use is in fact supported by TurboCAD.

Printer TurboCAD will send oulput in a raster form to a number of printers. Generally, the resolution of a printer will be better than that of the screen as TurboCAD takes advantage of the resolution of each output device. Note that although your printer may not be specifically listed, you should check with your dealer to see whether it can be used as it may be compatible with one of those listed.

Plotter While a printcr will give you a resolution better than your screen, the only way to get really high quality output is to use a plotter. TurboCAD supports a wide range of these. Plotters vary in quality and numbcr of pens. lf you are considering purchasing a plottcr, discuss your rcquirements with your dealer and he will be able to advise you on the bcst for your nceds.

1.4 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Getting Started

1.5 CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL

This manual uses bold face characters enclosed in angular brackets to denote the keys on the keyboard as follcws:

The fu nction keys down the lefl hand side or along the top of thc keyboard:

The kcys on the cursor kcypad al thc right hn>

T he numeric kcys:

Other keys:

The follow ing is an cxample of more than onc key presscd simul -taneously:

mcans hold the key down firs t and then prcss thc kcy.

1.5 CON VENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL Page 1 - 7

Chapter 1

1.6 PROTECTING YOUR PROGRAM DISKS

Page 1-8

TurboCAD is not copy protected. However, thcre are a number of ways that a disk can be damagcd. Magnets, pressure, heat and dirt can ali destroy the information stored on a disk. For your own protec-tion, we suggest that you use the DOS DISKCOPY command to make copies of your program disks.

1. Make sure that your DOS system disk is in the A: drive and that thc door is properly closed.

2. Type DISKCOPY A: B: and prcss .

3. Inscrt the disk you want lo copy (thc "source" disk). When you have done this, close the drive CDITC

Thcn typc:

C>TC

Refcr lo APPENDIX A - INSTALLATION for instructions 011 how lo INSTALL TurboCAD.

1.7 STARTING TurboCAD Page 1 - 9

Chapter 1

If TurboCAD loads correctly, the following screen will be displayed:

TM

1f you acccpl lhe lerms of lhe licensc agrecmcnl, prcss lhe key. This will cause lhe following screen to appear.

Uork dircctory ? b:

Page 1 - 10

Men: 2051 CI He L 0 P 1

The prompl al lhe top of the screcn indicales lhe direclory from whcre your drawings will be stored or loaded. By default the lasl

1.7 STARTING TurboCAD

Getting Started

direclory used will be displayed and you need simply press lo accepl lhis direclory. Type in a valid DOS drive and sub-direclory specificalion followed by if you wish lo use anolher direclory.

e.g. Work directory ? B:

or

Work direclory ? C:\DRAWINGS

You can use the key to correct mistakes and can press the HELP key if you are unsure as to what to do.

Once you have enlered lhe work direclory, TurboCAD will prompl you for a work drawing. By default the last drawing used will be displayed and you need simply press lo accepl lhis drawing. Allernalivcly, lype in a valid DOS filcnamc followcd by if you wish to use anolher drawing name.

e.g. Work drawing ? DRAWINGl

TurboCAD will lhen search the specified sub-direclory for the specified drawing.

NOTES 1. If lhe sub-direclory is incorrectly specified, TurboCAD will go back to prompting for a work directory.

2 . If no sub-direclory is specified, TurboCAD will use lhe default sub-directory. TurboCAD will load the drawing if il exisls. 1f it

Chapter 1

it must be rcprcscntcd on thc scrccn in an arca ???mm x ???mm dcpcnding 011 thc scrccn uscd . Por cxamplc, in a 1: 1 scalc it is unlikcly that a 10 cm linc will be displaycd as a 10 cm Ji11c 011 thc scrcc11, cvcn though it will be storcd i11tcrnally as a 1 O cm c11lity.

Unlikc a manual draughti11g cnvironmcnt, sclccting thc papcr sizc and scalc is not a critica! dccision, as both can casily be changcd al a latcr slagc (rcfcr lo thc SETUP comma11d kcy Environ-mc11l) .

If you prcss thc HELP kcy < Fl > whc11 prornptcd for a work drawing, TurboCAD will display a dircclory of ali drawing files found in lhc work dircctory as follows:

Uork drawing ? DR11UIHG1

DEMO GRAPH BOLT MICRO llATCH 1 TurboCAD Directory of C:'DAVID. S Drawing files found.

1

Page 1 - 12

Men: 205 1 CI He L 8 P 1

You can use thc , , and cursor kcys or thc to highlight any onc drawi11g file name ami thcn prcss to load thal drawing.

1.7 STARTING TurboCAD

Getting Started

1.8 THE TurboCAD DRAWING SCREEN

First point

Thc layout of thc TurboCAD drawing scrccn is illustratcd in thc followi11g diagram which displays thc scrcc1 aftcr the Li nc option from thc main mcnu has bccn chosen:

Def 2pt l lne ScreenPos 195 151 Po lntDe f : ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ScreenPos

+

ll consists of thc following parts:

Thc drawing arca

HearPoint CoordsAbs Re lati ve Polar

MidPt Lin EndPI nrc nrc Ilnglc On Ore Pt L ine Pt

llar & Rad Ver & Rad )( & Angle Y & Angle

Intersect Dig itiser

Men: 205 ] C I He 1 L 8 P 1

This is lhc largc blank arca which fi lls rnost of thc scrccn. This is whcrc your drawing will be crcatc

Chapter 1

Page 1 - 14

The status area This is the lillle box in the bollom right of the screen below the menu. It is used to display the amount of free memory left which can be used for drawing as well as giving summary information of the status of various TurboCAD setup options.

Thc cursors TurboCAD has 2 cursors. Prcssing thc will cause TurboCAD to toggle betwccn cursors.

Drawing cursor In the drawing arca, you will scc a crosshairs cursor made of a vertical and horizontal linc. This is thc drawing cursor and is uscd for idcntifying points on the screcn.

Mcnu cursor Thc menu cursor consists of a highlight ovcr a mcnu option. This cursor is uscd for sclccting commands from thc mcnu.

Explanation Of Thc lnormation Displaycd

Firsl Point Dcf 2pt linc ScrccnPos 195 151 PointDef:

- TurtxiCAD prornpt - currcntly selccted option - currcntly sclcctcd point dcfinition modc - X coordinalc of currcnt cursor positiun - Y coordinatc of current cursor position - namc of thc currcntly displayed TurboCAD mcnu

(in this case, thc point dcfinition mcnu)

Thc following are ali thc mcnu oplions:

ScrccnPos NcarPoint CoordsAbs Rclativc Polar

MidPt Lin EndPt Are Are Angle On Are Pt Une Pt

Hor & Rad

1.8 THE TurboCAD ORAWING SCREEN

Ver & Rad X & Angle Y & Angle

Intcrscct Digitizcr

G o Q R CI Ne L O

p

MEM: 205

Getting Started

- if prcsent, indicates that thc grid is active - if prescnt, indicates that ORTHO mode is ON - if prescnt, indicates that KwikTcxt mode is cnabled - if prescnt, indicates that rubber banding is cnablcd - indicates the window modc (CI - CLOSED, Op - OPEN) - indicates thc search mode (Ce - CENTRE, Ne - NEAR) - indicates the !ayer to which entitics drawn now

will be assigned (in this case !ayer O) - indicates the pen number which will be uscd for any

entity drawn at this stage (in this case pen !) - indication of the amount of memory lcft

1.8 THE TurboCAD ORA WING SCREEN Page 1 - 15

Chapter 1

1.9 GETTING OUT OF TROUBLE

Page 1 - 16

If you ever selecl a command by mislake, or change your mind in Lhe middle of a command, press the key lo abort.

Occasionally you mighl have Lo press severa! Limes, par-Licularly if you have selecled an oplion from a number of successive menus. You can ALWAYS relum lo lhe main menu by pressing a sufficienl number of times.

If you wish to exit TurboCAD without saving anything, press when the main menu is showing.

TurboCAD will ask: "Quit (Y/N) ?" lo verify that you did not invoke the command by accident. Reply to stop the draw-ing session. Reply lo the "Save drawing (Y/N) ?" and "Another drawing (Y /N) ?" prompts. TurboCAD will retum you to the DOS operaling system. For delailed information on the QUIT command, refer Lo the command reference section.

1.9 GETTING OUT OF TROUBLE

2.1 INTRODUCTION

WARNING AND DISCLAIMER The TurboCAD Tulorial is dcsigned Lo provide general information about TurboCA D and is provided on an "as-is" basis rclativc to TurboCAD Vcrsion 1.8.

The TurboCAD Tuto ri al is not a complete guide Lo TurboC AD . lt is inlcnded thal il should only introduce thc ncw uscr to sorne of TurboCAD's fcaturcs in order that they may quickly lcarn to use thc product. As a result, thc Tutorial

Chapter2

Page2-2

creasingly popular with a wide range of profcssional uscrs like en-ginecrs, architects and managers.

Today, TurboCAD is uscd across a broad spectrum of commerce, industry and the design professions. TurboCAD is found in applica-tions as diverse as Stock Exchange flow charts to heavy engineering component design.

Many users of expensive CAD systcms have found that TurboCAD effects 90% of what their supposedly more sophisticated systems can do. The real suprise is in discovering how easy TurboCAD is to use and that it is on many occasions faster than its supposedly up-market rivals. As a result, TurboCAD is finding increasing ac-ccptance with large design practiccs where it is run in tandem with other systems.

This Tutorial attempts to bring TurboCAD's ease of use to your learning experience. Please remember that the Tutorial must nol be used as a fuli explanation of the features of TurboCAD. Only the TurboCAD Commands section can do that. Each Command and Function Key is clearly represented and explained in the Command Section. You should work through this Tutorial and then use practicc and constant referral to the Command Section to lcarn ali about TurboCAD.

DRA WING THE LINE TurboCAD is a powerful yet cost-effective drawing and design tool for your IBM PC, XT, AT or 100% compatible. TurboCAD runs faultlessly on the new IBM Personal System/2 series.

TurboCAD runs on almost ali compatible PCs. IMSI cannot guaran-tee that TurboCAD will perform reliably on these PCs. If you own a low-cost clone and experience inexplicable problems not resolv-able by reference to the manual, we suggest that you have a com-patibility problem. Please refer your enquiries to your hardware supplier's support division.

BEFORE YOU BEGIN l. Make sure that you have followed the inslallation instructions fully. This Tutorial requires theprogram be configured with the standard defaults, particularly A4: 1: 1 . lf you are uncertain about the settings, type SETUP from your TurboCAD directory.

2. 1 INTRODUCTION

The TurboCAD Tutora/

2. This Tutorial assumes that you have a graphics printer attached lo your computer, and that you are not using a pointing dcvice. lf you are using a Digitizer, or a Mouse, please read the appropriate installation instructions or appendix. TurboCAD supports the lMSI Mouse, Microsoft Mouse, or compatibles. See the Command Section.

For information on how to use a prinler and plotter with TurboCAD, please refer to the Commands Section. This Tutorial is only con-cerned with basic drawing skills; it does not cover printing or plot-ting.

COMMAND CONVENTIONS The following conventions are used in this Tutorial to indicatc kcy actions. Please familiarize yourself wi th them.

COMMAND

WHATYOUDO

Press the Function Key marked "Fl".

Press the "Ese", Escape key on top of the kcyboard. Press the "Enter" key on the right of the keyboard.

Hold down the key marked "Ctrl" and press "A". NOTE: You do NOT key in the hyphen! Press the Grey Plus key.

Press the key marked "A".

Press the key marked "S" followed by "Enter". When you are required to enter a value in the Prompt Area, the instructions read:

Enter lhe value "-45" in the Prompt Area followed by "Enter".

Enter the value ".3" in the Prompt Area followed by "Enter".

Press the right and left arrow keys.

2. 1 INTRODUCTION Page2-3

Chapter 2

2.2 MANUAL DRAFflNG VERSUS CAD

Page2-4

Manual drafling has bccome sccond naturc to most draftsmen - they needn"t specifically think about what they are going to do ncxt -much like riding a bicycle. When you start using CAD, it is much like learning to drive a car - you have to Jearn a new set of controls. Once the new actions come naturally, however, you can drive much faster and further with a car than a bicycle.

TurboCAD becomes your set of drawing instruments - but remember, as powerful as TurboCAD is, it cannot read your mind any more than a pcncil or ruler can. When you draw lines on a drawing board, you line up two points with a ruler and draw the line betwcen them. Absolute accuracy is not possible because of the pencil thickness, how finely you can rnove your hand, etc.

With TurboCAD, ali points are "written down" inside the computer's memory. You "write down" these points by positioning your com-puter cursor on the screen and an absolutely accurate system can result. Not ali CAD systems can achieve this, but with TurboCAD you can use the cursor to indicate a point near to the exact position and TurboCAD will "snap" to the exact position desired - giving absolute accuracy. Now lines can intersect exactly and not overlap or miss when viewed al high magnification.

lnstead of using a compass to draw circles, you use one of TurboCAD's commands to generate circles. You don't have to bothcr yourself with setting your compass to the right radios, simply tell TurboCAD to do it. Measuring to deadly accuracy is a cinch. No need to use a pair of dividers with a pockmarked drawing rule, simply let TurboCAD use the power of your computer to calculatc measurements to accuracics you cannot even perceive with the naked eye. TurboCAD will calculate arcas, lengths, and perimctcrs.

Those hours of stcncilling text fade into insignificance - just type in the required tcxt, then select size, font, pen color, position, cte. Correcting mistakes ncver rcquires starting a drawing again from scratch - just let TurboCAD erase, change or move entities. Manual drafting does not lend itself to intensivc utilization of en-tities (bits of drawings) already creatcd. An advantage of CAD is that once drawn, entities can be manipulated in many ways (e.g. magnified, reduced, rotated, mirrored, strclched, extended, split). This is one of the major reasons for the dramatic productivity in-

2.2 MANUAL DRAFTING VERSUS CAD


crease that can be achieved with CAD. Creating drawings with slight variations using CAD is so much more efficient than manual drafling that it would be unfair to try and compare.

TurboCAD caters for the building up of shapc libraries for repeatcd use of commonly used drawing entitics - an architect nced only draw a ccrtain type of window once, an elcctronic engineer a single circuit elemcnt. Thcse cntities can thcn be duplicated at will by the computer whenevcr needed.

There are also ali sorts of special cffects which are very difftcult and sometimcs impossible to achieve manually. Effccts such as layering (displaying or not displaying portions of a drawing at will), automatcd dimcnsioning and measuring of perimetcrs and arcas.

2.2 MANUAL DRAFTING VERSUS CAD Page2-5

Chapter2

2.3 MEMORY STORAGE

Page2-6

A computer uses two types of memory - RAM and disk storage. TurboCAD creates your drawings in RAM (Random Access Memory). Coupled with slick programming, TurboCAD's use of RAM memory is the reason for its faster than average speed.

There are a few minor disadvantages associated with RAM. Most importantly, RAM is volatile - if the power fails, or if you switch your PC off, you lose whatever was in memory. By regularly saving your drawings to disk, you can prepare for the inevitable assault of the Data Loss Monster.

RAM only allows one drawing in memory al any one time. As the loading and saving times of simple drawings are relatively short, this is quite acceptable. In fact it is TurboCAD's use of RAM which gives you the speed you need for CAD. On the Plus Side, RAM is very fast.

NOTE: Always remember to save your drawings at regular intervals.

RAM is also used to store that part of the TurboCAD program which is being executed. TurboCAD has to be read from disk each time the machine is switched on. lt is too large to fit into the RAM of the machine as a whole. TurboCAD uses a method called Overlaying to read sections of the program from disk when they are needed. As a result the developers of TurboCAD require that you use a hard disk.

2.3 MEMORY STORAGE


2.4 SCREEN RESOLUTION

Resolution refers to the amount of detail that can be represented on a device - a screen, printer or plotter. This vaies between devices. The higher the device's resolution, the smoother will be your display.

Low resolution

Chapter2

2.5 ONCE AROUND THE TURBOCAD KEYBOARD

Page2-8

The IBM PC range, AT and now the Personal System/2 keyboards are ali different. Compatible PCs have diffcrcnt keyboards again. As a result, we provide no keyboard tcmplate but offer this overview of the generalized IBM keyboard instead.

TBE ALPBANUMERIC KEYS Most software packages rely extensively on the alphanumeric keys for their basic data entry. TurboCAD, while using these keys to capture numeric data and select Menu options, makes greater use of the cursor control keys on the right of the keyboard. If you plan to use a Mouse with TurboCAD, and we suggest that you do, you will ha ve even lcss cause to use the alphanumeric keys.

TurboCAD uses the keyboard's alphabet keys to select Main Menu options, for typing in commands in conjunction with the and keys, and when inserting text into drawings. Similarly, the numeric keys in the top row of the keyboard are used to provide settings in the form of angles, radii, distances, etc., to change set-tings in the Pull Down Window Menus and to change the cursor step increment . is small, to are intermediate speeds. is large.

TBE CURSOR CONTROL KEYS The cursor is moved around the screen with the numeric keypad on the right hand side of your keyboard. The Arrow Keys move the cursor vertically - Up and Down - and horizontally - Right and Left. The , , , keys move the cursor diagonally across the screen. must be OFF.

TBE TURBOCAD FUNCTION KEYS Situated on the left hand side of IBM and most compatible keyboards are the Function Keys. A full explanation of the TurboCAD Function Keys appears in the Command Section. These Function Keys ali provide specific options.

With the exception of the Help Function Key and Cal-culator, they can only be accessed from the Main Menu.



-HELP This introduces TurboCAD's context-sensitive Help Menu and causes a narrow Help window to appear in the lower half of the screen. Generally, it can be used for Help lnstruction purposes al any time and will relate to the mode you are u:-.ing. It is no substitute for the Command Section of the manual.

To exit the Help Menu, press .

-SETUP This acccsses the Pull Down Menu Windows. They are: Environ -ment, Laycrs, Configuration, Text, Dimensions and Other Entitics . Use the Arrow Keys to highlight a Menu and press or press the first letter of the dcsired Mcnu Window.

Use the Down Arrow key to highlight the system paramcter you want and change it by typing in either the new value and prcssing , or pressing to change the default from On to Off, Closed to Open, and A4 to AO, etc. The Help facility can be used with the Pull Down Menus.

To exit the SetUp Menu, press .

- TRANSFER The Transfer Function Kcy is used for printing or plotting your drawing and managing your drawing files. The Transfer Pull Down Menu Windows are: Plot, Graphics print, Read, Write and Files. They are accessed and work on the same basis as SetUp. Use the Arrow Keys to highlight a Menu and press or press the first letter of the desired option.

The printing and plotting of drawings is not covercd in the TurboCAD Tutorial. For further information on Transfer, picase refer to thc Command Section.

To exit the Transfer Menu, press .

- CALCULA'fOR This handy calculator can be used for ali standard arithmetic, trigonometric and Jog functions. Note that the multiply sign is an asterisk, *, and the divide sign is /.

2.5 ONCE AROUND THE TURBOCAD KEYBOARD Page2- 9

Chapter2

Page2-10

The convention is: 10*(10) 100/(10) . Calculations are perfonned to 11 significant figures but displays only 10 decimal points. The calculator has 10 memory registers for storing values while you work.

To exit the Calculator Menu, press .

- REDRA W Rcdraw refreshes the screen. If deletions have erascd pixels or draw-ings have left points on thc screen, Rcdraw will tidy up bchind you. As the drawing's lime-consuming calculations have already been done during the creative design process, Rcdraw will take only a fcw seconds. The more complex the drawing, the longer the Redraw. As Rcdraw always returns the drawing to the screen, no Escape proccdure is neccssary. Simply continuc with your next op-tion from the Main Menu.

- WINDOW This is a Function Key that you will use often. It allows you to create a Window around a drawing, or just a part of a drawing, and then, in conjunction with other keys, pcrform other functions like Move , Copy , Insert , Delete , etc. You can evcn Zoom a window to thc full screen size.

Importantly, a Window can be either Open or Closed. Open Window operations apply to ali cntities that have any part enclosed in the Window. Closed Window operations only apply to entities that are entirely enclosed in the Window. The default is Closed.

To abort the Window Option, press .

-MOVE This allows you to move seetions of a drawing. You can Move with an Window or with the cursor. The Window appears with a cross-hair. Use it to pinpoint the Reference and Destination Points. It is controlled by the Arrow Keys and its speed can be set by the top row of numeric keys, just like the cursor. You must also provide the X and Y scaling factors, as well as the Rotation.

To abort the Move Oplion, press .


The TurboCAD Tutorial

-COPY This facility works much like Move but duplicates rather than moves drawings or entities around. You can use Copy with an Win-dow or on its own. It asks for Reference and Destination Points. It has, however, an ability to make Linear, .Radial and Array copies - duplicates of the drawing in lines, circles and rows.

Press to exit.

-GRID This switchcs on the TurboCAD Grid, a very useful drawing aid. The size of the Grid can be determincd in thc SctUp Environ-ment. Press to switch the Grid off.

-PAN Pan allows you to view, screen by screen, a drawing into which you have already Zoomed In. You indicate the direction in which you wanl to pan with the cursor control keys. The panning distance can be changed in the SctUp Menu.

lt is quite easy to gel lost whcn panning. To see wherc you are in relation to the Zoomed In drawing you are panning across, press . This will bring upa Window with a box that identifies your exact position. Press to exit the View position. Once TurboCAD has panned to a sereen, it switehes Pan off automatieally. To view anothcr screcn, you must invoke Pan, , again.

TBE ESCAPE KEY - is used to interrupt the mode that you are in. Generally, will always return you to the Main Menu.

TBE CONTROL KEY - Control key combinations will provide a shorteut to the Pull Down Window Menus. It is used in combination with the first lellcr of the Menu you want. Sorne examples are: to invoke the SetUp Environment Pul! Down Window;

Chapter2

Page2 12

TBE ALTERNATE KEY - The key commands caler for thirteen popular parameters. When the graphics cursor is present, they provide an even quicker short-cut for cbanging the SctUp parameters on the Prompt Line. This is much faster than going to a Pull Down Window. Sorne examples are: prompts for changes to the current Layer setting; prompts you to change the current Linc Thickness setting; and similarly prompts far a change in the Line Dash Type.

See the Quick Reference Card far a complete list.

TBE INSERT KEY - Thc key is limited to storing shapes on disk and for retrieving and inserting them into a drawing.

TBE DELETE KEY - The Erase Key, , is used to erase entities. It is used in two ways. The first: al the Main Menu press . This will bring up thc Erase Menu with its lisl of options. The second: with the Window key create a Window that encompasses the entity to be erased, then press .

Remember: Windows can be either Open or Closed. If you are making an Erase with the entity fully enclosed in the Window, it does nol matter if the Window is Open or Closed. In Open Window mode, where the Window only covers a parl of an entity, that enlity will be erased. With a Closed Window Erase only tbose entities cntircly enclosed in the Window will be affected. TurboCAD

Chapter 2

2.6 STARTING TURBOCAD

Page2- 14

ln ali the following exercises we assume thal you havc jusl inslalled TurboCAD and Lhal you are aboul Lo starl TurboCAD for Lhe firsl Lime. Thus, ali your TurboCAD syslem dcfaults are standard. (A defaull is Lhe system selling as sel by the software publishers, or changed lo a new default setting by yourself - in which case the defaulls are nol standard !). lf your defaulls are nol standard, we suggesl thal you re-install TurboCAD for the purpose of these exercises.

Al the DOS prompl (e.g. "A>"), type in:

This will cause the firsl page wilh lhe IMSI logo lo be displayed. If you accept the Lerms of our license agreement, press the key.

THE WORK DIRECTORY PROMPT An empty TurboCAD screen is displayed. There is a prompt in the top left corner. lt requests confirmation of where your drawings must be stored. If you have a bard disk with TurboCAD in a sub-directory, it will include thc sub-directory in the prompt. It says eitber:

Work directory ? 8: - far dual disk drive PCs. Work directory? C:ITC - where TC is the sub-drectory.

Simply Press in bolh inslances.


The TurboCAD Tutoria/

THE WORK DRA WING PROMPT TurboCAD will now ask you for a Work drawing. Type in an ap propriate eighl leller drawing name eg . ORA WINGS. Eight lettcr: are the maximum you can use for a Turb,1CAD file namc. You can also use numbers in your file names eg . DRAWING J. This is a more useful convention for filing purposes.

Uork draw ing ? DRAUIHGt

Men: 2851 C:I He L 8 P 1

When you start anotber drawing, TurboCAD will always prompl you with the namc of the last drawing you worked on. TurboCA D will remember Lhe name of the lasl drawing even if you switch your macbine off at night. When you start again the next day, TurboCAD will present you wilh itas your first option. If you want to work with it, ali you do is press .

Work drawing ?

TurboCAD's use of memory recall is one of its most striking fea -tures. In this Tutorial you will be constantly reminded thal TurboCAD defaults to the last mo

Chapter2

' Page2- 16

Two further points about Work drawings.

i. lf you want to create a new file name, simply type in the new file name over the default file name. Only if you make an error with the new file name is there a need to Use the Destructive Back-space key to delete it.

ii. To display a directory of ali drawing files in the work directory, press the Help Function key

Chapter2

Such is TurboCAD, your work tool, arguably onc of thc most power-ful, popular design tools ever.

For modern man with liule time for such musings, the TurboCAD Drawing Screen comprises five clements:

25 59 Menu : ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--, Are

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The Drawing Arca

Change Dirtension F8ncyLlne &tch Llne f1easurn Point Sketch Text

Quit

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This is the large rectangle surrounded by a border. Your drawings are created in this arca. At thc moment it is blank except for the cursor in the middle of the screen.

TheCursor The crosshair cursor is in thc ccntcr of thc scrccn. You will use it Lo identify points in thc drawing arca.

TurboCAD has three types of cursor, small crosshair, large screen-size crosshair and diamond-shapc. The default value is Small. lt is changed via .

Thc Prompl Line This is thc topmost line of your screen. It is where you will be prompted for input. lt is blank at present. Move the cursor and the position of the co-ordinatcs is shown on the right side of the Prompt Line. Prompts for input are always on the lcft.



Thc Menu Arca On the top right hand side of the screen is the Menu Arca. The Main Menu has 11 options, ruostly relating to drawing commands When you choose an option, a sub-menu is presentcd for furthcr selection.

The Status Arca This is the box below the Menu Arca. lt gives a brief summary of Setup options and is a quick reference to the status of your en-vironment. Depending on which options are available, diffcrent let-ters will be shown.

Typically, thc Status Arca rcveals thc amuunt of RAM rcmaining -this is important becausc drawings are crcatcd in RAM. lt also reveals thc Window Modc, either Closed or Open; if we have Ncar Scarch Modc on; what Layer we are on and which Peo wc are using.

You are now ready to start using TurboCAD. Befare you bcgin the basic drawing excrcisc, read the following section.

2.6 STARTING TURBOCAD Page 2- 19

Chapter2

2.7 ENTITIES, SHAPES AND DRA WINGS

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25

Line lle asure Point Sketch Text

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This drawing compriscs shapcs which are madc up of cntitics.

Just as a manual drawing is made up of lincs, circles and rectangles, etc., so a TurboCAD drawing is compriscd of shapes and entities. TurboCAD has six drawing cnlitics - Ares, Dimensions, Hatchcs, Lines, Poinls and Texl. Together lhey crcatc shapcs which comprise drawings.

An enlity can be regarded as a bit of a drawing. A straighl line comprises une entity ami is registercd as thc joining of two points. A rectanglc compriscs four cnlitics because it has four sides. lnler-cslingly, but not strangcly, a Fancyline Rectangle is registered as two points - a diagonal.

TurboCAD will lisl Lhc cnlities internally as you creale them. A circle compriscs onc cnlity, the circumfercnce. Depending upon the mode you have chosen lo draw the circle in - TurboCAD refers lo circlcs as Ares - it can be listcd in TurboCAD in a variety of ways. For instance, an Are can be listed as either three points, a center point and radius or a

Chapter2

2.8 SOME PRACTICAL ADVICE

Page2-22

In ordcr to smooth your learning curve, rcad tbis scction bcfore you blindly rush into TurboCAD. lt will bclp you to understand and use tbe package better. ln the process you will avoid many of tbc pitfalls ami obstacles that so often frustrate one's introducton to a new software package.

HOW TO ESCAPE, SA VE AND QUIT ESCAPE - Have you cvcr bccn stuck in a software program and not known how to gel out'? Thcrc can be few things more frustrating to thc first-timc uscr than not knowing how to ESCAPE from a program that has bccome a dead-cnd.

You should nevcr have this problem with TurboCAD. If you get into trouble, simply prcss to rcturn to the Main Menu.

lf you select a command by mistakc, or changc your mind in thc middle of a command, press the key to abort whatcver you were doing. Sometimes you might have to press severa! times, particularly if you have selected an option from a number of suc-cessive menus. You should always be able to return to the Main Menu by pressing .

SA VE - Don't grant the Data Loss Monster another victory ! Save your drawings regularly with . Believe us, the Data Loss Monster will conspire in every which way it can to destroy your painstaking hours of labour.

Ncver relax your guard whcn making a drawing - rcmember that you are always threatened by the lurking Data Loss Monster. ll is particularly fond of TurboCAD which creates drawings in RAM (Random Access Mcmory). This highly volatile state of memory is much to the Data Loss Monster's liking.


Plot Graphics print Read


Urite Files G

Save Drawin Renane DraHing l ion

1 Erase Drawing 1 ine Drawing SHtc066 Dir A:

1 neasure Point Sl

Chapter 2

Page 2-24

You are thcn prcscntcd with a choice:

Quit (Y/N) ? Save drawing (Y/N) ? Another drawing (Y/N)?

lf you now type , you will exit TurhoCAD and return to DOS. lf you want to continue working:

Another drawing (Y/N)?

You can now specify a new drawing.

ADJUSTING CURSOR SPEED The cursor speed can he adjusted by sirnply selccting any number between < l> and un the lopmosl row of numeric keys . < 1 > is slow, the cursor dislance travelled hcing vcry small. is fasl, moving wilh largc leaps .

Thc cursor spccd dcfaull sclling is . You will find it uscful lo be ablc to changc lhc cursor specd as you movc around lhc scrccn. Changing thc cursor spccd will allow you to move lo cxacl positions, lo squcczc a winduw bclwccn cnlilics or lo simply work faslcr. Lcarn to know lhc gradualions which prompl thc cursor's movcmcnl spccd. In lhe first cxcrcisc you will he askcd lo gol to poinl (145 105) in lhc drawing arca. Whcn you altcmpl lo do so you may find il im-possiblc lo place lhc cursor in cxaclly lhis posilion. lf you changc lhc cursor spccd you will conlrol lhc dislanccs lhal lhc cursor movcs with every kcyslrokc. You will lhcn be ablc to localc lhc co-ordinatc (145 105).

2.8 SOME PRACTICAL ADVJCE


ERASE, DELETE AND .... OOPS! In case you make errors in the following excrcises, it will be useful to know how to Dclete or Erase them. In TurboCAD Dclcte and Erase are the same. Pressing thc kev whcn you are al lhc Main Menu brings up the Erase Menu.

You have two basic ways of removing entilies in TurboCAD.

ERASE METHOD 1: Erase 4194 1265 Erase '

Press to take you to the Main Menu. Press to bring up the Erase Menu . Position thc cursor near thc cntily to be erased. Now, dcpending on what you want to delctc, Prcss: for Are, for Dimension, for Hatch, for Linc, for Point and for Text.

To dclctc only thc last entity you drew: Prcss for laSt.

Are Dinension Hatch laSt Llne Oops 1 Point Jext

(Normally, you prcss the first lettcr of thc option. laSt is onc of thc fcw cxceptions. plygon is anothcr.)

2.8 SOME PRACTICAL ADVICE Page2-25

Chapter2

ERASE METHOD 2 Position the cursor to the left and below the entity to be erased. Press the Window Function Key. Use the Up and Right Anow Keys to expand the Window until it completely encapsulates the entity to be erased. Press and TurboCAD will erase the en-tities within the window.

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11en: 189 R

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Windows can operate in both Open and Closed mode. The default is Closed. This can be changed in the Environment Pull Down Win-dow accessed by the Setup Key or . If the Window is Open, the and Erase routine will work quite dif-ferently .

OOPS ! If you mistakenly erase an entity, the Oops option in the Erase Menu will restore it. BUT, it will only restore an entity if there have been no subsequent deletions. lt only remembers the last dele-tion. You can make as many additions to your drawing as you like but if you delete two objects, it will only remember the last and restore that.

If you have rcad to hcre, you are now equippcd lo tackle the next scclion. Wc will do a simple exercise in DISCOVERING TUR-BOCAD.



2.9 EXERCISE 1 - DISCOVERING TURBOCAD

If you have never used TurboCAD, this exercise will help you lo develop sorne basic keyboard skills.

This lesson will show you how to move the cursor around the screcn, how to increase or decrease the cursor speed and how to toggle the cursor between the screen and the Main Menu. It will also introduce you to sorne basic drawing options, show you how to Delete an entity and how to Quit a drawing. For the purpose of this elementary exercise, create a new file . Having done so, you will find the cursor in the center of a blank Drawing Area. The Prompt Line will be empty. The Menu Arca on the top right will display the Main Menu while below it the Status Arca will show the default settings - Cl, Ne, L O and P l - and your available RAM memory.

MOVING THE CURSOR The cursor is moved around the screen with the numeric keypad on thc right hand side of your keyboard. The Arrow Keys move the cursor vertically - Up and Down - and horizontally - Right and Left. The , , , keys move the cursor diagonally across the screen. must be OFF.

CURSOR SPEED The Numeric Keys across the top of the keyboard affect the speed of the cursor. is very slow, to are intermediate speeds and is vcry fast.

Try moving the cursor around at different spceds and in different directions . After a while you will become used to the differcnt dis-tances that the cursor travels with each setting. On it requires two keystrokes to affect a change in the cursor co-ordinatcs . jumps the farthest.

T~JRllO-CHARGlNG THE CURSOR Almost unbelicvably, TurboCAD allows you to movc your cursor even faster. High speed can only be attained with the Left ami Right Arrow Keys. Thc Up and Down actions cannot be altcrcd. lf you attempt it al sctting , please pul your crash belmct and lcathcrs on. Ready?

2.9 EXERCISE 1 - DISCOVERING TURBOCAD Page2-27

Chapter 2

Page 2- 28

Try and .

Perhaps thc bcst way to use the cursor al this spccd is with a slowcr cursor selling like . If you shool lhrough the containing bordcr into the Main Menu and you highlight an oplion in lhe proccss, try prcssing . You havc just discovered another way lo in-voke an oplion !

X Y CO-ORDINATES The (X Y) co-ordinate system is a means of pinpointing a position on a flal surfacc. TurboCAD uses this carlesian co-ordinale system to represen! the location of the cursor and give drawing poinls to thc compuler. Any poinl on a drawing can be spccificd by such an (X Y) pairing.

For those who have forgollen the basic (X Y) co-ordinale system, press the Lefl or Right Arrow Keys. Watch the right hand side of the Prompt Linc. When moving the cursor horizontally, il is the first co-ordinate, the X co-ordinalc which is affcctcd. Similarly, when moving the cursor either Up or Down, it is the Y co-ordinatc which is affected.

Remember: X is hori zontal Y is vertical.

The ongm of the system is the lower left corner of thc Drawing Arca, co-ordinatc (O O).

SCALE IN THE BALANCE lf you havc sel your drawing up with a sea le of 1: 1, thc cursor position numbcrs will rcflcct thc actual dislancc in millimctrcs that will be plollcd or printcd on paper. To test this, movc thc cursor up lo thc top right comer of thc drawing arca . Thc cursor posi tion nunibcrs should rcad (297 21 O), thc sizc of an A4 sheet of papcr.

NOTE Do nol assume thal bccausc movcs the cursor a half drawing unit al a time, thal TurboCAD is limited lo mcasuring in incremental slcps of .5 millimelcrs . This movemenl is duc lo thc physical limila-tions of thc scrccn's rcsolution, the numbcr of dots pcr inch. Dcpcnd-ing on the scrccn's rcsolution, ( c.g. Monochromc, CGA, EGA, and VGA ), thc cursor movcs diffcrcnl distances.

2.9 EXERCISE 1 - O/SCOVERING TURBOCAO

The TurboCAO Tutorial

TurboCAD can mcasu re a co-ordinate to e leven significant figures. lt displays as many figures as il can al any onc time, but in ternally it calculatcs lo eleven sign ificant fig ures (as opposcd lo decimal places).

TOGGLI NG THE CURSOR You havc two methods of choosing an option from the Ma in Menu . Thc easicst is to si mply prcss the firs t lc ller of the option o f your cho ice. Prcss < L> for Line and you go lo thc Line Options Mcn u. Press to go back to the Main Menu.

Thc sccond mcthod is lo togglc thc cursor bctwccn lhc Dra wi ng and Mcnu Arcas. Prcss thc . Thc cu rsor disappca rs and thc Are Option is highlightcd. Prcss lhc Down Arrow Kcy lo go lo thc Linc option . Once this is high lightcd, prcss .

You are now in thc Line Options Mcnu. Prcss to lo thc Main Mcnu. Thc Line option is still highlighlcd. and thc cursor rcturns to the scrcen.

go ha c k Prcss lhc

You ca n also movc thc cursor in to thc Mcnu Arca wilh thc cu rsor kcys and sclcct an oplion with .

2.9 EXERCISE 1 - DISCOVERING TURBOCAD Page 2- 29

Chapter2

Page2-30

SKETCH We are now going to use Sketch. This is a very easy way to draw a linc. Once Sketch is on, it draws a line whercver you movc thc cursor. In the Sketch modc think of thc cursor as a pen which you can switch On and Off with .

Before wc start, make sure thal the cursor speed is a modest or less - you do not want your pen to run away with you ! Are you at the Main Menu ? If not, press .

Sketching 145 95

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Now, press for Sketch.

The Prompt Line informs you that you are in Sketch mode and gives the cursor co-ordinates. Move the cursor to co-ordinate ( 145 105). Now, press . This will switch Sketch On. Attempt to draw a small rectangle wilh cach side only two or three clicks of each Arrow Key. When you havc completed the rectangle, switch Sketch Off by pressing .

Press to go back to lhe Main Menu.

2.9 EXERC/SE 1 - D/SCOVERING TURBOCAD

f f:


A l

Chapter2

ARC Press to return to tbe Main Menu. We will now draw an Are using the RadCentrc option. This rcquircs us to define a Centcr point, a Radius and a Start and End Anglc.

Go to an empty part of tbe serccn.

Prcss for Are. Press for RadCentre.

Observe tbc Prompt Linc. lt is tclling you that you are slill in Scrccn-Pos modc and that you are going lo draw an Are by indicaling a Ccntcr with a Radius. ll is also asking you for !he Ccnlcr poinl of lbc Are or circ!c. Prcss .

D

232 170 11enu :

~ Are Change Dinension F"ncyLine Hatch Lino tleasure Point Sketch Te>

Chapter 2

OOl'S ! Wc will now try to rccover the delctcd rectangle . Press to invoke the Erase Menu. Prcss for Oops ! and ..... POP! You have gol your rectangle back. Now try to rccover the Are which you deleted. lt is nol possible. The message "Buffer Empty" flashes briefly on the screcn. Now dclele ali the entities and proceed with Excrcise2, ICE CREAM CAD.

Page 2-34 2.9 EXERC/SE 1 - O/SCOVERING TURBOCAD

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The TurboCAO Tutorial

2.10 EXERCISE 2 - ICE CREAM CAD

This cxercise is recommended as a qu ick and easy way to discove r TurboCAD's mosl basic fealures. It rcquirrs you lo draw an Ice Crcam ! Again, system defaults are standard.

We are aware that design professionals might think such an excrcisc too elementary. If you have CAD experience you must decide for yoursclf if it is bettcr for you to s kip this scetion and go dircctl y to the Commands section or the ncxt exercise. This cxercise, ICE CREAM CAD, is for bcginners.

WHAT THIS EXERCISE COVERS This cxercise wi ll cover Lines and Ares, Saving, Hatching, Copying, Moving and inserting Text. Give yoursclf sufficient time to complete this cxcrcise in one sitting. You shou ld be able to complete it in two hours. If no l, you can always Quit , save what you ha ve done and continue another time.

As this is only your second lesson in TurboCAD, thcre is a lot o f explanation to begin with. Towards the end of this exercise we will establish an lnstruction and Command layout stylc that presum es increasing knowledge on your part.

CONCEIYf'S Bcfore we begin, consider an ice crca m that eomprises a cone with a scoop of ice cream and a cherry 0 11 top. In any simpl e 2-D rep-rcscntation an ice cream is composcd of straight lincs ma king up a lriangle - the eone; a semi-cirele or an are on top - thc ice crcam ; anda small circ le al a tangent lo thc are above it - the cherry. Now, lct's draw it.

START For the purpose of this exercise TurboCAD's Systcm Dcfa ults a re standard. In other words your system should be configured as tho ugh you have just installed TurboCAD. Create a new drawing ca ll ed ICEDRAW. Use Paper Size A4 and a Scale o f l : l. Choosc mil -limcters for uni ts . In both inslances, s imply press .

2. 1 O EXERCISE 2 - ICE CREAM CAD Page 2 - 35

Chapter2

Hext point

Page2-36

TJP: Always check the Status Area bcfore you starl. How much RAM is available for your drawing '! You should be in Closed Win-dow and Near Search Modes. Unless you need them, which you do not in this exercisc, make sure that you are on Layer O and that Pen l is on. Always check to scc thal any special options you used in your lasl drawing havc becn switched off.

ler 2pt line ScreenPos 20 50 PointDef: ScreeoPos HearPoint Coordsflbs Rel&tive Polar

MidPt Lin EndPt Are Are Angle On Are Pt Llne Pt

Hor & Rad Ver & Rad )( & Angle Y & Angla

lntersect Dlgitlser

~ " t DRA WING UNES We will use three different methods of drawing lincs lo create thc triangle or Ice Cream cone. From the Main Menu selecl the Line option, . Line command contains sixtcen different ways of draw-ing a line. In this exercise we will use thrce Line options lo draw our Ice Cream cone.

Observe that the Prompt Line now contains information and lhat the Menu arca lists the relevant Line options. We will use ScreenPos for the first of our lhrce Line oplions. If you are not in ScreenPos mode, press . In ScreenPos mode, a Point is defined al lhe position of the cursor when you press .

Move the curs..>r to position (50 50). Press . If you cannol reach this co-ordinate, change lhc cursor selling. The Prompl Line has changed. lt is now asking you for the Next Point so thal it can complete a line. If you move the cursor you will see that you have defined a Poinl.


J

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)( relatlve

The TurboCAD Tutoria/

Move the cursor to co-ordinate (20 50) and press . You have drawn a line with a leng1h of 30 drawing units. TurboCAD defined a Point where you pressed . The Line thal has been drawn is merely the joining of the tv. o Points. Internally, TurboCAD represents this line as two Points.

You are now going to draw another line. Change the drawing mode by selecting Relative .

8 Def 2pt llne R.eiatlve 35 18 PolntDef: 1 Se~~

\

HearPoint Coordsflbs Relatlve Pol&r

MidPt Lin F.ndPt Are Are Angle On Are Pt Llne Pt

Hor & Rad Ver & Rad )( & Angle Y & Angla

l n tersect Dlgltiser

11en: 2~ CI He L 8 P 1

Observe what has happened to the Prompt Arca. It now reads:

X relative : O Det 2pt fine Relative 20 50

This meaos that TurboCAD wants the Nexl Point. It will use lhc currently defined point (20 50) as the first point of thc nex t linc. In Relative mode, the nexl point must be enlercd as a set of co-or-dinates. Use the upper row of Numeric Keys to enter the rclalivc values:

X relative : y relative :

You have now drawn a linc to lhe poinl (35 JO). Vcri fy lh is from the cursor co-ordinates in the Prompt Arca.

2.10 EXERCISE 2 - ICE CREAM CAD Page2-37

1 1 1

1 1

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Chapter2

You are now going to use anotber metbod to draw tbe third side of your cone. Change the drawing mode by selecting NearPoint . Tbis "snaps" to the nearest point !

Observe wbal has bappened to Lbe Prompt Area . It now reads:

Def 2pt fine NearPoint 35 1 O

To use tbe Relative modc to close the triangle that forms thc cone of our Ice Cream would be cumbersome as you would have to cal-culate tbe relativc distance from (35 10) to (50 50). With NearPoint modc ali you havc to do is move the cursor fairly closc to a Point and press . TurboCAD will thcn search for the nearest Point and cause the linc to converge there. This method will give you perfect accuracy.

Hext point Def 2pt l ine HearPolnt 58 58 PointDef:

V

Page2- 38

ScreenPos HearPoint CcordsAbs Relative Polar

MidPt Lin EndPt Are Are Angle On Are Pt Lino Pt

Hor & Rad Ver & Rad X & Angle V & Angle

lntersect Dlgltlser

Men: 205 1 Cl He L 8 P t

Let's do it now. Position the cursor close to point (50 50). Do not position it on the point. Press . Notice how the line "snaps" to the nearest point. You bave just created the triangle which will form the cone of your Ice Crcam.

TlP: You bav1.; drawn lines using three different types of Point Definition Modes - ScrcenPos, Relative and NearPoint. Remember: TurboCAD always remembers tbe last mode you used and defaults to it every time. Tbis can cause confusion with new users. It is, 1 however, a very useful feature. f


1


lf you are confused at tbis point, rcpcat thc excrcise again .

DELETING

Here are two mcthods of obtaining a fresh drawing surfacc.

Pcrhaps lhe most intcresting way is to press to go back to thc Main menu. Position the cursor to the left and bclow thc cone . Press the Window Function Key . Expand the Window with the Up and Right Arrow keys so that it endoses the cone completely. Press and the cone will be erased.

Altcmativcly, al tbe Main Menu press , then Quit . Say No to saving the drawing but Yes to another drawing. Prcss until a fresh screen comes up.

Now, redraw thc conc based on the prcceding instructions . Once you have done so we will draw an are or, in layman's tenns, "we will pul a dollop of ice cream in the cone".

If you are not at the Main Menu, press .

'"'

2.10 EXERCISE 2- ICE CREAM CAD Page2-39

Chapter2

fJ

ARCS Selecl Are from lhe Main Menu. This will place lhe Ares Draw-ing Menu in lhe Main Menu Arca. There are seven ways lo define an Are . We will lry thc Double Point method, . This method draws a semi-circle when given two points.

28 58 11enu : Are Ch""9" Dinension FnncyLine Hatch Line ne asure Point Sketch teict

Quit

"""' 2051 CI He L 8 P t

Press . Nolice lhal lhe Poinl Definilion Menu has come onto lhe screen. This is neccssary since we are going lo define 2 points that form the cnd-points of a semi-circle.

Move lhc cursor lo lhe poinl (50 50). Press . Move the cursor lo the point (20 50). Press

Chapter2

Page2-42

PROBLEMS, PROBLEMS. "lt's not on top, it's ...... " Has the elegance of your Ice Cream 's design been marred by the mysterious manifestation of the cherry, down the side rather than on top ?

If your cherry has formed on the side of your Ice Cream, sclect for Linc from the Main Menu. Is NearPoint mode still on ? If it is, change to ScreenPos and redraw your cherry. To do so follow the preceding instructions again but making sure that Near-Point is OFF. To erase your errant cherry see below.

REMEMBER: TurboCAD always dcfaults to the last mode you used and as a consequence can sometimes frustrate the unsuspecting first-time user. In this instance, the last mode you used was NearPoint. When you defined the point where you wanted the cherry to be, it "snapped" to the nearest point.

DELETING THE LAST ENTITY YOU DREW Press Delete . You will see the Erase Menu appear. Press for laSt. This will erase your cherry, the last entity you drew. (Nor-mally, you key in the first lettcr of lhe oplion you want. However, laSt is one of lhe few where you do nol. pOlygon is anolher.) TIP: Your drawing has reached a stage where il now makes scnse to save it. If somelhing goes wrong, you can always relurn Lo your basic Ice Cream drawing.

SAVING You have two options, bolh of which access lhe Pull Down Menus. Press lhe Transfer Function Key, , lo access lhe Pull Down Menus. Use the Righl Arrow key lo move to lhe "Files" option. If iL is highlighled, press and do lhe same again wilh "Save Drawing" . The allernalive is lo use . Whe n promptcd for cross-hatching, say "Yes" < Y >,

Ou tl i ne Hatch Po in t 2 0 B Out! i n e:

V

Po i n t lr c Er a s e

Me n: 2 112

CI He 1 L 0 P 1 '

You are now promptcd to outl inc thc arca that is to be hatchcd . Movc thc cursor closc to thc Po int (50 50) whcrc wc s tartcd drawing thc conc. Prcss . Noticc that an astcrisk appcars ovcr thc Po int (5 0 50) . Movc c losc to th c Po int (20 5 0) and prcss . Anothcr astcrisk appcars.

NOTE

Whcn Ha tching, you are automatical ly in NcarPoi nt modc. You do not havc to go to thc cxac t Point Iocation. In th is way, TurboCA D makcs thc crcation o f th e Hatch oull inc casicr and lcss ti mc-con-s uming. You must, howcvcr, be closc to thc Poin t you want. You ca nnot be bctwccn two Points .

Continuc down to thc bottom of thc conc. Place th c cursor nca r thc bottom and prcss . Although you havc now outlincd thc conc, Hatch ing rcquircs you lo closc thc sclcc tcd arca . Do this by rcturning to thc Point (50 50) and marking it aga in. Tu rboCAD will takc th is as a comrnand to Hatch thc arca dcfincd with as tcrisks .

2.10 EXERCISE 2 - ICE CREAM CAD Page2- 43

Chapter 2

St 40 11enu : ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Are

Page2-44

COPYING AN ENTITY

Change Dinension FancyLlne Hatch Llne neasure Point Sketch Te>et

Ouit

Men: 204

Cl He L 8 P t

We will now Copy the lee Cream to another part of the drawing. Position the cursor to the left and below your lee Cream. Press the Window Function Key, , and use the Up Arrow and Right Arrow keys to enclose the drawing completely. Only the entity, the drawing, will be copied. The space betwccn the drawing and the window is of no consequencc.

Now, press , thc Copy Function key.

When asked to choose from Linear/Radial/Array, press to select Linear by default. Now, the Prompt Line asks you for a Refcrence Point. Position the cursor in thc center of the lec Cream and press . You can position the cursor anywhcre on thc drawing. Knowing that it is centcred will allow your mind's cyc to gauge more accuratcly how the drawing will copy to a new arca .


...

The TurboCAD Tutora!

Dcs tination Point Copy Scree nPos 230 100 Po intDe f: , Scr eeriPos

+

NearPoinf Coordsllbs Re1ati ve Pola r

MidPt Li ri EridPt llrc Ore Ang l e On Are Pt Llne Pt

llor & Rad Ver & Ra d X & llngl e V & Arigle

lntersec t Digiti ser

~201 CI He L 0 P 1

You are no w asked for a Dcstination Poin t. Move the c ursor to co-ordina lc (230 l 00) and press . Wc are go ing to cn-large the Ice Cream by 230% by ma king thc X and Y scaling both 2.3. (Thc defau lt is 1: 10)

X scalng : Y sca/ng :

but re tain thc default scttings

Rotation : Repettons

2. 1 O EXERC!SE 2 - ICE CREAM CAD

for the foll o wing.

< 1>

Page 2- 45

{J ~; n

1 1'

;1 : f; \ j l

,1 1

Chapter 2

Page 2- 46

-~- 100 Menu : ?30 Are Change Dinension FancyLine Hateh Lino ne asure Poin-t Sketch Te>

Chapter2

SMALLER than thc original. Do not place any drawings in the open area in the cenler. We are going to pul Tcx.t into this spacc. Once you have finishcd, Save your drawing again.

TEXT We will now add Tcx.t lo the drawing. Position your cursor on co-ordinale (80 70). Sclccl lhe Tex.l, oplion from lhe Main Menu. Use CAPITAL lctters only. Begin by typing in thc lex.t, lhcn follow lhese lnslruclions and Commands.

Text: Text Width Text Height : lndicate Point

You will see how lhe Tcx.l slarls at co-ordinale (80 70) and movcs across lhe screen. Now go down lo co-ordinale (80 50). Text: Text Wdth Text Height : lndicate Point

Envlronnent Layers Conflguratlon Text Dinensions Other entltles

1 I "" ~ ~- -.. - 1 Change

1 Dinension 1 , ... I '~"~ 3.080 Hatch

TurboCAD Directory of C:,TCSPEC, COltPLEX IIALIC HCJRl1AL SIMPLEX

T AN EXERCJSE , IN ICE CREN1 CAD

by

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n.,,,, tss

CI He L 8 P 1

Page 2-48 2.10 EXERCISE 2- ICE CREAM CAD

Move to co-ordinate (140 40). Text: Text Width : Text Height : lndicate Point

FONTS


Use lower case letters only.

We are now go ing lo change lhe Fonl for lhc las l linc of tcx.t. Th is will comprise one word - YOUR FIRST NAME. Position lhe cursor where you wanl your name lo fal l.

Use CAPITAL lcllers only. Decide for yourself whcrc you wa111 to indicatc lhc Point, i.e., whcrc your namc will start. Is your narnc long or short ? Try not to run thc tcx.t into an entily.

To changc the Fonl, follow this proccdurc. From the Main Mcnu prcss the Setup Function Key .

Select Text with Right Arrow Key Se/ect Font with Down Arrow key

You will see that the default font is NORMAL. When you presse

Chapter2

~

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Page2-50

+

AN EXERCISE IN ICE CREAM cm

t:ry

LUIGL

152 113 Henu : Are Change Dil"leflsion F.,ncyLine Hatch Llne ttessure Point Sketch Text

Qui t

11en: 188

Cl He L 8 P t

Now, you c:-.n complete this exercise by inserting your name into tbe drawing. Before you do so, Save your drawing first. lf you experience problems, simply Dclete the Text by pressing to invoke the Erase Menu and for Text.

A FINAL TIP: Don't try to add text with the NearPoint modc on - unless you plan to derive a positive benefit from doing so. Your Text will "snap" to the Nearest Point !

HJNfS AND TIPS lf you have worked this far through the Tutorial, you have come a long way since first installing TurboCAD. Here are a few more hints and tips to help you along.

SNAP The ScreenPos mode is often not exact enough for architects and engineers who require spot-on accuracy. TurboCAD's "snap" facility is a powerful feature of TurboCAD. lt will save time by helping to pinpoint .'.:xact locations witbout the nced for co-ordinates. Be sharp - "snap" to it !

When in Line m0de, the "snap" facility will find points, as you have scen with NearPoint mode. Amongst thc range of short-cut services that "snap" provides, it will find the middle of lines, (MidPt Lin) and the end point of an are closest to where you positioned

2.1 O EXERC/SE 2 - ICE CREAM CAD


tbe cursor, (EndPt Are). Generally, it is available in ali intersection modes.

INTERRUfYI'lNG LINE'S FIRST POINT, NEXT POINT, NEXT POINT ROUTINE When using the Line option, , in ScreenPos mode, you must define your First point. You do this with and are then asked to define tbe Next point. Move tbe cursor to the Next point with the cursor control keys and press .

You continue defining Next points until you want to stop or break the line and continue elsewhcre. lf you want to do the lattcr, it is useful to know that you do not have to prcss . Simply prcss twice on thc last Next point and TurboCAD asks you for a First point again. Make the break and eontinue with Firsl point, etc.

NEARPOINT IS RIGHT ONTARGET EVERYTIME Often it is imperative that the cursor be positioned exactly at the end of a line or on a particular point. Generally, it is much easier to position the cursor with Nearpoint mode than to waste time trying to position the cursor visually.

Position the cursor close to the point first. Choose the Line option, , with Nearpoint mode and press . The cursor will "snap" exactly to the required point. Now, knowing that the cursor is positioned exactly on the point, press to go to the Main Menu option you want.

2.10 EXERCISE 2 - ICE CREAM CAD Page2- 51

Chapter2

2.11 EXERCISE 3 - A SIMPLE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

Env l roonent

Page2- 52

We will now draw a very simple Electrical Circuit courtesy of Widget Co. It comprises a printed circuit board connection, a line, a switch, a pulse and a resistor. With your developing TurboCAD skills, this should take less than 30 minutes.

BROKEN LINES Position the cursor on co-ordinate (70 50). We are going to start by drawing a vertical broken line. To do this we must change the default Une Type to a Une Dash Type.

Layers Conflguratlon Text Dlnenslons Other entltles

"'--

Press Setup Function Key Use Right Arrow Key to go to the Other Entities pu/1-down menu. Use the Down Arrow Key to go down to Line Type. /t reads O.

Peo Colour Layer lhlckness Line lype

1 8 ion 8 ine

2 Llfl8 11elSStJJ"lt Point Sketch lext

Quit

"""' 285 Cl

"" L 8 p t

The cursor is now blinking behind the nought. A blinking cursor is always an indication that TurboCAD is waiting for input from you.

Change the Une Type to 2.

Une Type is now highlighted and shows a setting of 2.

2. 11 EXERC/SE 3 - A SIMPLE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

Go baek to the Main Menu Seleet Une


Make sure you are First point

in SereenPos mode

Next point

Hext point Def 2pt line SereenPos 70 160 PointDef:

+ 1

ScreenPos NearPoint CoordsAbs Relative Polar

MidPt Lin EndPI lrc Ore lngle On Ore PI Line Pt

Hor & Rad Ver & Rad )( & Ongle Y & Angle lntersect Digitiser

Men: 2051 CJ He L 0 P 1

You have drawn a vertical broken line. TurboCAD has four diffcrcnt Line Types. You can crcate your own specific Line Typcs ami havc as many as you want. Before we proceed wilh our ckctrical widgcl, you musl resel lhe Line Type or TurboCAD will rclain il as lhc

Chapter2

o

Page2-54

Are RadCentre lndicate Centre point Radius : Start angle : O End angle : 360

+

tlenu : Are Change Dinension FnncyLine Hatch Llne tleasur" Point Sketch Te>

Chapter2

Press for Une Indica.te the First point lndicate the Next point by placing the cursor in a position diagonal/y opposite the first point

Hext point Def 2pt line ScreenPos 185 121 PointDef:

1

ScreenPos HearPoint CoordsAbs RelatlYe Polar

-+--------;---- ~ MidPt Lin EndPt Are Are Angle On Are Pt Llne Pt

llor & Rad Ver & Rad X & Angle 'i & Angle

Page2-56

Intersect Dlgltiser

nen: 283

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You have drawn the line through the circle. Schematically, this now represents a Pulse. Press to go back to the Main Menu. Now, place the cursor on the circumference of the circle opposite the line. Draw a Line to co-ordinate (210 100). Press to go back to the Main Menu.

W!th the cursor still at the end of the Iine you have just drawn, select the Sketch mode.

Sketch Switch it On

Use the PgUp Arrow to move up and right approximately lcm. Use the PgDn Arrow to move down and right 2cms. Use the PgUp Arrow to move up and right 2cms.

Repeat these two sequences twice.

U,,e the Pg Dn Arrow to move down and right lcm. Extend the line for 3 or 4 cms. Press to switch Sketch Off

2.11 EXERCISE 3 - A SIMPLE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

Sketchlng

(')r-~~~~~ ~~--1


296 185

Men: 282

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You have just drawn a resistor and completed an elementary electri-cal circuit. Quit, , this exercise. You now have the option of either saving your drawing to disk or deleting it. We suggest you do the latter and read the next section.

2.11 EXERC/SE 3 - A SIMPLE ELECTRICAL CIRCU/T Page2-57

Chapter2

2.12 EXERCISE 4 - HATCHING AND DIMENSIONING

COMPLEX HATCHING As you have already learned, Hatching is TurboCAD's way of filling areas with different line patterns. lt is very useful for highlighting aspects of a drawing, as well as giving it depth and a professional image.

HOW A HATCH WORKS A TurboCAD Hatch, the asterisk that you see when you define a point, has almost 200 points or sides to it. These points connect to other points via the angle and distance that you define and provides the outline of the area to be hatched. You define the number of points neeessary to batch a shape and then return to the first point to close the Hatch. This can be used to generate very complex areas of hatching.

Jndlcate centre Polygons ScreenPos 288 138 PointDef: Se raen Pos HearPoint CoordsAbs Relatlve Polar

Page2-58

8 MidPt Lin EndPt Are Are Angle On Are Pt Line Pt Hor & Rad Ver & liad X & Angle 'l & flngle

ln1:ersect Digltlser

11e": 2051 CI He L 8 P 1

We will begin this exercise by creating a polygon. First, create a new drawing or erase an old one. Place the cursor on co-ordinate (21)0 130). Fancylines pOlygon

2.12 EXERCISE 4- HATCHING AND DIMENS/ONJNG

Centre point

The TurboCAD Tutoriaf

You will note that the plygon oplion is one of the few where you do not use the first letter. ("P" is for Point.) The Prompt Une should be telling you that you are in ScreenPos mode on point (200 130) and asking you to indicate the center of thr polygon you are about to create.

lndicate Centre Radius : 35 Sides : 6 Start Angle : O

A six-sided polygon appears 011 the scree11 and you are rcturned to the Main Mc11u. Now, draw a small circle in the ce11tcr of the polygon. Th is wi ll turn your polygon into a 2-D reprcsentation of a nut.

Are Centre&Pt Centre Point

You are now asked to indicate a po int 011 the circumference. Move the cursor to Co-ordinate ( 190 130).

Are Cent & pt ScreenPos 200 130 Po intDef:

0 Point on Circumference Start Angle : 180 End Angfe : 360

ScreenPos HearPoint Coordslbs Relat ive Po lar

MidPt Li n EndPt Are Are Angle On Are Pt L lne PI

llor & Rad Ver & Rad X & lngl e 'l & Angl e Jntersect Digitiser

Men: 204~1 CI He L 0 P 1

2. 12 EXERCISE 4 - HATCHING AND DIMENSIONING Page 2- 59

Chapter2

Outl lne

As an exercise, we will now hatch the center of the nut. We will delete it later. Return the cursor lo the Center Point of both the Are and Polygon.

Hatch Are 209 138 Outl lne: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Polnt

Page 2- 60

G Are Erase

MeM: 2821 CI He L 8 P 1

An Are is reprcsenled inlernally as a Ccnter Poinl, a Radius, a Start-ing Poinl and an Ending Point. Hatching will creale enough mulli-pointed asterisks as to create a multi-sided polygon that will adequately representa circle. When hatching Ares, TurboCAD needs internally represcnled Points in order lo define the oullinc of the many-sided polygon Lhal will cmulate the Are. Wc will now Halch Lhc Are in Lhc cenlcr of thc nul. Choosc Hateh from the Main Menu.

Hatch

Do nol be coneerned if no further options appear in the Main Menu arca. They will. You are askcd to indicalc the angle of lhe Hatch, e.g. the angle at whieh thc lines will run aeross thc serccn. Acecpt Lhe default of 45.

Angle: 45 Oistance : 2 Cross (Y/N) ? N

2.12 EXERCISE 4 - HATCHING ANO OIMENSIONING

The TurboCAO Tutora/

Out 1 ine Hatch Are 244 138 Out 1 ine : Point nrc [rase

@+ MeM: 201 1 CI He L ll P 1

Now, The Prompt Line is asking you for an Outlinc and lelling you thal you are in Point modc. Notiee that lhe Hatch Menu has come up. ll has thrce options - Point, Are, Erase. With thc cursor in Lhe centre of Lhc Are, press .

Outline An aslerisk appcars in thc centcr of lhe Are. Now, sclecl Are, , from the Hatch Mcnu . Place the cursor on or near lo thc Are and press . The Are is outlincd wilh aslcrisks. Rcturn the cursor to Lhe first poinl you madc in the centre of thc Are, change to thc Point option,

Chapter2

This will delcte the Hatch. Prcss to clcan up the drawing with Redraw.

Jndcate first point Vert Di,..,nsion HearPoint 163 152 PointDef: ScreenPos

Page 2 - 62

HearPoint CoordsAbs Relatlve Polar

MidPt Lin EndPt Are Are Angle On Are Pt Llne Pt

llor & Rad Ver & Rad X & Angle Y & Angla

lnterseci Dlgltiser

Men : 202

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Movc the cursor close to thc top right hand poin t o f thc polygon, (in actual fac t, with six sidcs it is a hexagon) . You do not havc to position thc cursor exaclly as Hatch is anothcr "snap" modc. Choosc Hatch from the Main Mcnu and procccd to hatch your hcxagon throu gh ali six points. Kccp the samc spccifications from thc prc-v ious Hatch.

You are, of course, in Point mode . Now changc to Are mod c and move thc cursor to thc cdgc of thc ccntcr circlc. Prcss < RETURN> and you will sce how thc circlc is ringcd with astcrisks. Changc back to Point modc - TurboCAD will "bccp" if you do not - thcn go back to thc last point that you indicatcd on thc hcxagon ami define it again. Now, go to thc first point lhat you dcfincd at thc top right point ami indicate it again.

TurboCAD will now hatch thc nut lcaving the ccntcr clcar.

USEFUL DIMENSIONING One o f TurboCAD's most powcrful fcalurcs is its ahility to auto -matically rc-dimcnsion a drawing that has bccn cnlargcd or rcduccd. In this cxcrcisc, wc will introduce you to this vcry practica! and useful facility.

2.12 EXERC/SE 4- HATCHING ANO O/MENSIONING


We will bcgin with thc nul that wc have just hatched. The c ursor should be on the top right hand point. From the Main Menu, selcct Dimensions .

Dimensions Vertical lndicate firs t point

To indicate the second point, place the cursor al the bollom cdgc o f the nut opposi te the first point and press .

Now, indicate where you want your vertical linc to fall a longsidc thc nut. Move thc cursor s lightly beyond thc furthcst righ t point of thc nut. Prcss .

lf you havc crcatcd a nut with thc Tutorial's suggcstcd sizcs, thc dimcnsion should rcad "6 1". (lf it is too small for you to read, pu l an Window around it and Zoom In.) Now, lct's dimcnsion the top left side of the hcxagon.

Dimensions Para/le /

B t 55 Mcnu :

1i

2.12 EXERC/SE 4- HATCHING ANO DIMENSION/NG

Are Ch ange Dinension Fa ncyLinc lfotch L i ne Me a sure Po int Sketch Text

Uu it

Mcn : 197

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Chapter 2

Page 2- 64

Rcpcat the previous procedure . Note that Dimcnsions also uses the "snap" facility for total accuracy. The new dimcnsion reads "35" for onc sidc of the hcxagon. Zoom out if you havc Zoomcd in !

Now, place thc cursor bclow and to thc lcft of the nut. Create a Window with thc Function Kcy. Enclosc thc nut and its dimcn-sions fully. Copy it with to thc bottom lcft of thc scrccn. Make the approximatc ccnter of the nut's circle your Rcfcrcncc Point. Enlargc thc nut by 50% i.c. make thc X a!lll Y scaling 1.5, and leave thc Rotation thc same.

Once thc cnlargcd nul is drawn, you can sec immcdiately that TurboCAD has automatically rc-dimensioncd thc drawing. The ver-tical dimension now reads "91 ". Thc shorter, parallcl dimcnsion al the top left now reads "52".

Whilc this is an cxtremcly simple example, TurboCAD can use this fcaturc to pcrform complcx rcdimensioning cxcrciscs . Thc SetUp Function Kcy providcs furthcr options to you when working with Dimcnsions . Read the Command Scction to cxpand your knowledgc about this indispensable featurc.

2.12 EXERCISE 4- HATCHING ANO DIMENSIONING


2.13 EXERCISE S - MAKING CONNECTIONS

This exercise will teach you how lo Creale Shapes, how to Store them in a Library and how lo Relrieve ancl Inserl them into a draw-ing. You will also learn lo Slore Values in lhe Calculator, to use a Grid and make effective use of Zooming.

You will be required to access an incomplete eleetrical eircuit draw -ing which is stored on System Disk 2. You will complete it with the shapes of transistors and resistors which you will create, store and inserl into the drawing.

Give yourself sufficient time lo complete this exercise in onc sitting. As this is a fairly complicated exercise, lwo hours or more may be required by any new user of TurboCAD.

2.13 EXERCISE 5 - MAKING CONNECTIONS Page2- 65

Chapter2

Page 2- 66

PART 1: A TRANSISTOR

START We are going lo draw a Transistor and slore il in our Shapc Library. Creale a new drawing called TUTOR3. The Syslem defaults are standard. Use Paper Size A4 and a Scalc of 1: 1.

TIP: A very useful and praclical convcnlion lo observe is lo design ali your Shapes l mm in sizc. Thus if yo u rcquire a 1 Omm transistor you simply enlarge il 10 Limes. A l7.23mm diodc dcsigned as lmm is simply mulliplied by it's actual size ie. 17 .23. This convenlion saves a lol of unnecessary calculalions, head scralching and worn fingernails. Remem

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