~ through the looking-glass by lewis carroll
DESCRIPTION
~ Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll. superior (cranial). Anatomical Position. anterior (ventral). NOT SHOWN posterior (dorsal). lateral. medial. proximal. distal. inferior (caudal). Directional Terms. Distal – menjauh dari badan Proximal – mendekati badan - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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~ Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll
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proximal
distal
lateral medial
superior (cranial)
inferior(caudal)
anterior(ventral)
NOT SHOWNposterior(dorsal)
Anatomical Position
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Directional Terms
Distal – menjauh dari badan Proximal – mendekati badan
Lateral – jauh dari garis tengah Medial – dekat garis tengah
Anterior – sisi depan Posterior - sisi belakang
posisi anatomi posisi anatomi
(ventral) (dorsal)
Superior – mendekati kepala Inferior – menjauh dari kepala
(cranial) (caudal)
Superficial – mendekati Deep – menjauh dari permukaanpermukaan
Plantar – dibawah kaki Dorsal – diatas dari kaki
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PLANE
PLANE – sebuah permukaan dua dimensi terdiri dari 3 pointsyang tidak berada diatas garis yang sama (disebut not collinear)
pt 1pt 2
pt 3
Planes
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Plane
Walaupun ujung tungkai yang lebih rendah memiliki lapisan penting – pertimbangkan hanya titik tengah sambungan dan garis penghubung; jadi segmen “kurus” menjelaskan paha dan kaki.
Planes dalam ayunan kaki selama melangkah (berjalan/berlari)
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PLANE
SUMBU
ANGULAR MOTION OCCURS “ABOUT AN AXIS”
AXIS – sebuah garis vertikal yang melewati permukaan datar.
Axes
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AXIS
Sumbu melewati JOINT CENTER
AXISAXISAXISAXIS
Sumbu dalam ayunan kaki selama melangkah
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Global Body Planes
• Sagittal – permukaan vertical yang membagi tubuh menjadi bagian KANAN dan KIRI.
• Frontal – permukaan vertical yang membagi tubuh menjadi bagian ANTERIOR dan POSTERIOR.
• Transverse – permukaan horizontal yang membagi tubuh menjadi bagian ATAS dan BAWAH.
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TransversePlane
FrontalPlane
Sagittal Plane
Global Body Planes
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Cardinal or “Mid” Planes
• DEFINISI – permukaan yang melewati tubuh dan membaginya menjadi dua bagian besar
• INTERSECTION -- the mid-sagittal, mid-frontal, and mid-transverse planes memotong di CENTER OF MASS ketika tubuh dalam posisi anatomi
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MID-SAGITTALPLANE
SAGITTALPLANE
Mid-sagittal vs
sagittal
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Body Planes & Axes (Permukaan dan sumbu tubuh)
Sagittal Plane = Medial-Lateral Axis (ML)
Frontal Plane = Anterior-Posterior Axis (AP)
Transverse Plane = Longitudinal Axis
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Local Planes
• Berhubungan dengan bagian
• Contoh: tekukan siku (elbow flexion) dapat terjadi di setiap global planes (permukaan global).
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Sumbu M-L
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Sumbu A-P
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Sumbu Longitudinal
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Joint Movements1. flexion = penurunan sudut diantara 2 bagian
a “bending” movement (gerakan menekuk)
2. extension = kenaikan sudut diantara 2 bagian
a “straightening” movement (gerakan lurus)
From Anatomical position:
Sagittal PlaneM-L Axis
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Joint Movements
3. abduction = gerakan menjauhi garis tengah
4. adduction = gerakan mendekati garis tengah
From Anatomical position:
Frontal PlaneA-P Axis
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Joint Movements
5. medial rotation (internal): permukaan anterior berputar medial
6. lateral rotation (external): permukaan anterior berputar lateral
rotasi dari kepala dan badan adalah salah satu rotasi kanan dan kiri.
Transverse PlaneLongitudinal Axis
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Specialized Joint Movements
dorsiflexion = arah jari kaki naik (menuju tulang kering)
plantar flexion = arah jari kaki turun
Sagittal PlaneM-L Axis
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Specialized Joint Movements
elevation = gerakan bahu korset superior (move shoulder girdle superiorly)
depression = gerakan bahu korset inferior (move shoulder girdle inferiorly)
Frontal Plane, A-P Axis
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Specialized Joint Movementsinversion = angkatan sisi tengah kaki (lift medial border of foot)
eversion = angkatan sisi lateral kaki (lift lateral border of foot)
Frontal Plane A-P Axis
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Specialized Joint Movements
radial deviation = gerakan arah radial (move toward radial styloid)
ulnar deviation = gerakan arah ulnar (move toward ulnar styloid)
Frontal Plane A-P Axis
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Specialized Joint Movements
lateral flexion = tekukan badan kanan atau kiri
Frontal Plane A-P Axis
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Specialized Joint Movements
supination = putaran jempol lateral (thumb laterally)
pronation = putaran jempol medial (thumb medially)
Transverse PlaneLongitudinal Axis
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Specialized Joint Movements
horizontal adduction gerakan menuju garis tengah
horizontal abduction gerakan menjauhi garis tengah
Transverse PlaneLongitudinal Axis
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Flexion + Abduction+ Adduction + Extension
Multiple planes Multiple axes
Circumduction
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Roots of Muscle Names
• location - supraspinatus, latissimus dorsi
• direction - transverse abdominis
• action - flexors, extensors
• shape - deltoid, trapezius, rhomboideus
• number of divisions - biceps, triceps
• pt of attachments - sternocleidomastoid
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Eccentric actions:• otot memanjang dibawah tekanan• bekerja dengan gravitasi untuk menurunkan tubuh atau objek.• mencoba memperlambat bagian tubuh atau objek
Concentric actions:• otot memendek dibawah tekanan• bekerja melawan gravitasi untuk meningkatkan tubuh atau objek. • mencoba mempercepat bagian tubuh atau objek
eccentric
concentric
Concentric vs Eccentric Actions