this is an example of a typical graph we are all familiar with. the graph is made up of different...
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Typical GraphThis is an example of a typical graph we are all familiar with.The graph is
made up of different “points” with lines that connect the points.
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Typical GraphEach point has
two values:The “X” value
that runs along the horizontal “X” axisThe “Y” value
that runs along the vertical “Y” axis
Y axis
X axis
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Typical GraphX value is
always stated firstFollowed by
the Y valueThe “origin” is
the point where the 2 axes intersect with a value of (0,0)(0,0)
(3,8)Y
X
(9,5)
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Typical GraphA point can also
have negative (-) valuesNegative X
values are to the left of the origin (0,0)Negative Y
values are below the origin
X
Y
(-X,+Y)
(+X,-Y)
(+X,+Y)
(-X,-Y)
(0,0)
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East West, North South on The Earth
Let the X axis be the Equator.
Let the Y axis be the Prime Meridian that runs through Greenwich outside of London.
Lat/Long are the 2 grid points by which you can locate any point on earth.
Y
X
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East West, North South on the Earth
Let each of the four quarters then be designated by North or South and East or West.
N
S
EW
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East West, North South on the Earth
The N tells us we’re north of the Equator. The S tells us we’re south of the Equator.The E tells us that
we’re east of the Prime Meridian. The W tells us that we’re west of the Prime Meridian.
(N, W) (N, E)
(S, W) (S, E)
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East West, North South on the Earth
That means all points in North America will have a North latitude and a West longitude because it is North of the Equator and West of the Prime Meridian.
(N, W)
Prime Meridian
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East West, North South on the Earth
What would be the latitude and longitude directions in Australia?
Prime Meridian ?
If you said South and East , you’re right!
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What is Latitude?
Latitude is the distance from theequator along the Y axis.
All points along the equator have a value of 0 degrees latitude.
North pole = 90°NSouth pole = 90°SValues are
expressed in terms of degrees.
Y
X
90°S
90°N
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What is Latitude?
Each degree of latitude is divided into 60 minutes.Each minute
is divided into 60 seconds.
Y
X
90°S
90°N
This is also true of longitude.
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What is Latitude?
For Example:37°,
02’,51’’N
Y
X
90°S
90°N
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What is Longitude?Longitude is the
distance from the prime meridian along the X axis.
All points along the prime meridian have a value of 0 degrees longitude.
The earth is divided into two parts, or hemispheres, of east and west longitude.
Y
X
180°W 180°E
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What is Longitude?
The earth is divided into 360 equal slices (meridians)180 west and
180 east of the prime meridian
Y
X
180°W 180°E
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What is Latitude?
Our latitude and longitude might be:37°,
03’,13’’N76°, 29’,
45’’W
Y
X
90°S
90°N
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So Where is (0,0)?
The origin point (0,0) is where the equator intersects the prime meridian.(0,0) is off
the western coast of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean.
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See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter These Lon/Lats Are
Located
1. 41°N, 21°E2. 37°N, 76°W3. 72°S, 141°W4. 7°S, 23°W5. 15°N, 29°E6. 34°S, 151°E
A B
C D
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1. B 2. A3. C4. C5. B6. D
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Equator Latitude 0o
Latitude: (90oN to 90oS)
Latitude 23½o NorthTropic of Cancer
Latitude 23½o SouthTropic of Capricorn
Longitude 30o East
Longitude 60o East
Longitude 30o West
Longitude 60o West
Positioning on the Earth’s SurfaceEast is the direction of rotation of the Earth North Pole
South Pole
23½o 23½o
66½o 90o
900
21st June
22nd December
22nd Sept
20th March
30oE60oE90oE90oW30oW60oW
Longitude 90oEastLongitude 90o West
Prime Meridian
0o Longitude
Longitude: (180oE to 180oW)
Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing of position on the Earth’s surface.
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Now you’re ready to find some locations on a map!