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-Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

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Page 1: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

-Techniques in Glycobiology-NHLBI CardioPEG ndash Gerald WHart August 19 2013

Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153

Introduction to

GlycanAnalysis

Techniques in Glycobiology

2

Topics Overview of Glycoproteomic and Glycomic Approaches

Composition Analysis of Glycans ndash Labs 821 amp 94

Radiochemical and Bioorthogonal Labelling of Glycans ndash Lab 830

Detection of Glycoproteins in Polyacrylamide Gels

Lectin Arrays to Analyze Glycoproteins ndash Lab 1011

Antibody Detection of Specific Glycans in Gels

Detection of Specific Glyosphingolipids on TLC- Lab 107 amp109

Methods for Isolation of Glycoproteins

Enzymatic and Chemical Release of Glycans from Glycoproteins ndash Lab 823

Labeling Released Glycans ndash Lab 830

Methods to Separate Released Glycans ndashLab 911

Glycosidases amp Structural Analyses ndash Lab 918

Methylation Analysis for Linkage Determination ndash Lab 826

MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans ndash Lab 1014

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ndash Labs 1016 amp 1018

GPI-Anchors amp Glycosaminoglycans ndash Lab 925

Glycosyltransferases As Probes- Lab 9273

J Mass Spectrom 2013 48 627ndash639

Types of Glycoproteomics ndash Require Different Methods

4

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

Many Options for Glycoprotein Analyses

5

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

Level of Analysis amp Approach is Determined by Biological Question

6

Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1)

Wed August 21 2013

Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Assay for hexoses amp pentoses

MBTH Assay for Hexosamines amp Acetylhexosamines

Carbazole Assay for Uronic Acids

BCA Assay for Reducing Sugars

Analysis of Free Sialic Acids From Glycoconjugates

by the Thiobarbituric acid assay

7

Useful as a starting place to estimate the quantity of glycans in a tissue or cell

Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD

8

HPAEC-PAD=High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed-Amperiometric Detection

Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates

9

Monosaccharides Reduce Peracetylate (acetic anhydride in pyridine) GC-MS

Alditols 1 peak per monosaccharide

Chapter 47 Figure 1

Radiolabeling strategies for the detection of glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

10

Metabolic Labeling of Glycoproteins with Radioactive Sugars

Martin D SniderCurrent Protocols in Cell Biology (2002) 781-7811

Nice discussion of issues

1 Competition with glucose ndash need to compromise

bull it is advisable to use these Precursors (open squares) in medium with reduced Glc (01 mgml) Lowering the Glc concentration further is not advisable because Glc starvation can affect glycan synthesis

bull cells must not exhaust the supply of Glc or other nutrients in the medium

bull ldquoCatch 22rdquo ndash need to lower glucose but you donrsquot want to alter glycosylation

11

Scott T Laughlin amp Carolyn R BertozziVOL2 NO11 | 2007 | NATURE PROTOCOLS

12

Analysis of glycans using the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy

Chapter 48 Figure 3

Metabolic and covalent labeling of glycans for in vivo imaging of the glycome

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

13Drawback is low efficiency of incorporation

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

14

The bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy for imaging glycans

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 2: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Techniques in Glycobiology

2

Topics Overview of Glycoproteomic and Glycomic Approaches

Composition Analysis of Glycans ndash Labs 821 amp 94

Radiochemical and Bioorthogonal Labelling of Glycans ndash Lab 830

Detection of Glycoproteins in Polyacrylamide Gels

Lectin Arrays to Analyze Glycoproteins ndash Lab 1011

Antibody Detection of Specific Glycans in Gels

Detection of Specific Glyosphingolipids on TLC- Lab 107 amp109

Methods for Isolation of Glycoproteins

Enzymatic and Chemical Release of Glycans from Glycoproteins ndash Lab 823

Labeling Released Glycans ndash Lab 830

Methods to Separate Released Glycans ndashLab 911

Glycosidases amp Structural Analyses ndash Lab 918

Methylation Analysis for Linkage Determination ndash Lab 826

MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans ndash Lab 1014

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ndash Labs 1016 amp 1018

GPI-Anchors amp Glycosaminoglycans ndash Lab 925

Glycosyltransferases As Probes- Lab 9273

J Mass Spectrom 2013 48 627ndash639

Types of Glycoproteomics ndash Require Different Methods

4

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

Many Options for Glycoprotein Analyses

5

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

Level of Analysis amp Approach is Determined by Biological Question

6

Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1)

Wed August 21 2013

Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Assay for hexoses amp pentoses

MBTH Assay for Hexosamines amp Acetylhexosamines

Carbazole Assay for Uronic Acids

BCA Assay for Reducing Sugars

Analysis of Free Sialic Acids From Glycoconjugates

by the Thiobarbituric acid assay

7

Useful as a starting place to estimate the quantity of glycans in a tissue or cell

Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD

8

HPAEC-PAD=High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed-Amperiometric Detection

Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates

9

Monosaccharides Reduce Peracetylate (acetic anhydride in pyridine) GC-MS

Alditols 1 peak per monosaccharide

Chapter 47 Figure 1

Radiolabeling strategies for the detection of glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

10

Metabolic Labeling of Glycoproteins with Radioactive Sugars

Martin D SniderCurrent Protocols in Cell Biology (2002) 781-7811

Nice discussion of issues

1 Competition with glucose ndash need to compromise

bull it is advisable to use these Precursors (open squares) in medium with reduced Glc (01 mgml) Lowering the Glc concentration further is not advisable because Glc starvation can affect glycan synthesis

bull cells must not exhaust the supply of Glc or other nutrients in the medium

bull ldquoCatch 22rdquo ndash need to lower glucose but you donrsquot want to alter glycosylation

11

Scott T Laughlin amp Carolyn R BertozziVOL2 NO11 | 2007 | NATURE PROTOCOLS

12

Analysis of glycans using the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy

Chapter 48 Figure 3

Metabolic and covalent labeling of glycans for in vivo imaging of the glycome

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

13Drawback is low efficiency of incorporation

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

14

The bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy for imaging glycans

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 3: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Topics Overview of Glycoproteomic and Glycomic Approaches

Composition Analysis of Glycans ndash Labs 821 amp 94

Radiochemical and Bioorthogonal Labelling of Glycans ndash Lab 830

Detection of Glycoproteins in Polyacrylamide Gels

Lectin Arrays to Analyze Glycoproteins ndash Lab 1011

Antibody Detection of Specific Glycans in Gels

Detection of Specific Glyosphingolipids on TLC- Lab 107 amp109

Methods for Isolation of Glycoproteins

Enzymatic and Chemical Release of Glycans from Glycoproteins ndash Lab 823

Labeling Released Glycans ndash Lab 830

Methods to Separate Released Glycans ndashLab 911

Glycosidases amp Structural Analyses ndash Lab 918

Methylation Analysis for Linkage Determination ndash Lab 826

MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans ndash Lab 1014

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ndash Labs 1016 amp 1018

GPI-Anchors amp Glycosaminoglycans ndash Lab 925

Glycosyltransferases As Probes- Lab 9273

J Mass Spectrom 2013 48 627ndash639

Types of Glycoproteomics ndash Require Different Methods

4

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

Many Options for Glycoprotein Analyses

5

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

Level of Analysis amp Approach is Determined by Biological Question

6

Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1)

Wed August 21 2013

Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Assay for hexoses amp pentoses

MBTH Assay for Hexosamines amp Acetylhexosamines

Carbazole Assay for Uronic Acids

BCA Assay for Reducing Sugars

Analysis of Free Sialic Acids From Glycoconjugates

by the Thiobarbituric acid assay

7

Useful as a starting place to estimate the quantity of glycans in a tissue or cell

Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD

8

HPAEC-PAD=High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed-Amperiometric Detection

Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates

9

Monosaccharides Reduce Peracetylate (acetic anhydride in pyridine) GC-MS

Alditols 1 peak per monosaccharide

Chapter 47 Figure 1

Radiolabeling strategies for the detection of glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

10

Metabolic Labeling of Glycoproteins with Radioactive Sugars

Martin D SniderCurrent Protocols in Cell Biology (2002) 781-7811

Nice discussion of issues

1 Competition with glucose ndash need to compromise

bull it is advisable to use these Precursors (open squares) in medium with reduced Glc (01 mgml) Lowering the Glc concentration further is not advisable because Glc starvation can affect glycan synthesis

bull cells must not exhaust the supply of Glc or other nutrients in the medium

bull ldquoCatch 22rdquo ndash need to lower glucose but you donrsquot want to alter glycosylation

11

Scott T Laughlin amp Carolyn R BertozziVOL2 NO11 | 2007 | NATURE PROTOCOLS

12

Analysis of glycans using the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy

Chapter 48 Figure 3

Metabolic and covalent labeling of glycans for in vivo imaging of the glycome

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

13Drawback is low efficiency of incorporation

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

14

The bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy for imaging glycans

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 4: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

J Mass Spectrom 2013 48 627ndash639

Types of Glycoproteomics ndash Require Different Methods

4

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

Many Options for Glycoprotein Analyses

5

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

Level of Analysis amp Approach is Determined by Biological Question

6

Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1)

Wed August 21 2013

Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Assay for hexoses amp pentoses

MBTH Assay for Hexosamines amp Acetylhexosamines

Carbazole Assay for Uronic Acids

BCA Assay for Reducing Sugars

Analysis of Free Sialic Acids From Glycoconjugates

by the Thiobarbituric acid assay

7

Useful as a starting place to estimate the quantity of glycans in a tissue or cell

Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD

8

HPAEC-PAD=High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed-Amperiometric Detection

Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates

9

Monosaccharides Reduce Peracetylate (acetic anhydride in pyridine) GC-MS

Alditols 1 peak per monosaccharide

Chapter 47 Figure 1

Radiolabeling strategies for the detection of glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

10

Metabolic Labeling of Glycoproteins with Radioactive Sugars

Martin D SniderCurrent Protocols in Cell Biology (2002) 781-7811

Nice discussion of issues

1 Competition with glucose ndash need to compromise

bull it is advisable to use these Precursors (open squares) in medium with reduced Glc (01 mgml) Lowering the Glc concentration further is not advisable because Glc starvation can affect glycan synthesis

bull cells must not exhaust the supply of Glc or other nutrients in the medium

bull ldquoCatch 22rdquo ndash need to lower glucose but you donrsquot want to alter glycosylation

11

Scott T Laughlin amp Carolyn R BertozziVOL2 NO11 | 2007 | NATURE PROTOCOLS

12

Analysis of glycans using the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy

Chapter 48 Figure 3

Metabolic and covalent labeling of glycans for in vivo imaging of the glycome

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

13Drawback is low efficiency of incorporation

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

14

The bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy for imaging glycans

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 5: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

Many Options for Glycoprotein Analyses

5

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

Level of Analysis amp Approach is Determined by Biological Question

6

Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1)

Wed August 21 2013

Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Assay for hexoses amp pentoses

MBTH Assay for Hexosamines amp Acetylhexosamines

Carbazole Assay for Uronic Acids

BCA Assay for Reducing Sugars

Analysis of Free Sialic Acids From Glycoconjugates

by the Thiobarbituric acid assay

7

Useful as a starting place to estimate the quantity of glycans in a tissue or cell

Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD

8

HPAEC-PAD=High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed-Amperiometric Detection

Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates

9

Monosaccharides Reduce Peracetylate (acetic anhydride in pyridine) GC-MS

Alditols 1 peak per monosaccharide

Chapter 47 Figure 1

Radiolabeling strategies for the detection of glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

10

Metabolic Labeling of Glycoproteins with Radioactive Sugars

Martin D SniderCurrent Protocols in Cell Biology (2002) 781-7811

Nice discussion of issues

1 Competition with glucose ndash need to compromise

bull it is advisable to use these Precursors (open squares) in medium with reduced Glc (01 mgml) Lowering the Glc concentration further is not advisable because Glc starvation can affect glycan synthesis

bull cells must not exhaust the supply of Glc or other nutrients in the medium

bull ldquoCatch 22rdquo ndash need to lower glucose but you donrsquot want to alter glycosylation

11

Scott T Laughlin amp Carolyn R BertozziVOL2 NO11 | 2007 | NATURE PROTOCOLS

12

Analysis of glycans using the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy

Chapter 48 Figure 3

Metabolic and covalent labeling of glycans for in vivo imaging of the glycome

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

13Drawback is low efficiency of incorporation

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

14

The bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy for imaging glycans

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 6: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

Level of Analysis amp Approach is Determined by Biological Question

6

Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1)

Wed August 21 2013

Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Assay for hexoses amp pentoses

MBTH Assay for Hexosamines amp Acetylhexosamines

Carbazole Assay for Uronic Acids

BCA Assay for Reducing Sugars

Analysis of Free Sialic Acids From Glycoconjugates

by the Thiobarbituric acid assay

7

Useful as a starting place to estimate the quantity of glycans in a tissue or cell

Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD

8

HPAEC-PAD=High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed-Amperiometric Detection

Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates

9

Monosaccharides Reduce Peracetylate (acetic anhydride in pyridine) GC-MS

Alditols 1 peak per monosaccharide

Chapter 47 Figure 1

Radiolabeling strategies for the detection of glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

10

Metabolic Labeling of Glycoproteins with Radioactive Sugars

Martin D SniderCurrent Protocols in Cell Biology (2002) 781-7811

Nice discussion of issues

1 Competition with glucose ndash need to compromise

bull it is advisable to use these Precursors (open squares) in medium with reduced Glc (01 mgml) Lowering the Glc concentration further is not advisable because Glc starvation can affect glycan synthesis

bull cells must not exhaust the supply of Glc or other nutrients in the medium

bull ldquoCatch 22rdquo ndash need to lower glucose but you donrsquot want to alter glycosylation

11

Scott T Laughlin amp Carolyn R BertozziVOL2 NO11 | 2007 | NATURE PROTOCOLS

12

Analysis of glycans using the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy

Chapter 48 Figure 3

Metabolic and covalent labeling of glycans for in vivo imaging of the glycome

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

13Drawback is low efficiency of incorporation

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

14

The bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy for imaging glycans

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 7: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1)

Wed August 21 2013

Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Assay for hexoses amp pentoses

MBTH Assay for Hexosamines amp Acetylhexosamines

Carbazole Assay for Uronic Acids

BCA Assay for Reducing Sugars

Analysis of Free Sialic Acids From Glycoconjugates

by the Thiobarbituric acid assay

7

Useful as a starting place to estimate the quantity of glycans in a tissue or cell

Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD

8

HPAEC-PAD=High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed-Amperiometric Detection

Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates

9

Monosaccharides Reduce Peracetylate (acetic anhydride in pyridine) GC-MS

Alditols 1 peak per monosaccharide

Chapter 47 Figure 1

Radiolabeling strategies for the detection of glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

10

Metabolic Labeling of Glycoproteins with Radioactive Sugars

Martin D SniderCurrent Protocols in Cell Biology (2002) 781-7811

Nice discussion of issues

1 Competition with glucose ndash need to compromise

bull it is advisable to use these Precursors (open squares) in medium with reduced Glc (01 mgml) Lowering the Glc concentration further is not advisable because Glc starvation can affect glycan synthesis

bull cells must not exhaust the supply of Glc or other nutrients in the medium

bull ldquoCatch 22rdquo ndash need to lower glucose but you donrsquot want to alter glycosylation

11

Scott T Laughlin amp Carolyn R BertozziVOL2 NO11 | 2007 | NATURE PROTOCOLS

12

Analysis of glycans using the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy

Chapter 48 Figure 3

Metabolic and covalent labeling of glycans for in vivo imaging of the glycome

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

13Drawback is low efficiency of incorporation

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

14

The bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy for imaging glycans

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 8: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD

8

HPAEC-PAD=High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed-Amperiometric Detection

Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates

9

Monosaccharides Reduce Peracetylate (acetic anhydride in pyridine) GC-MS

Alditols 1 peak per monosaccharide

Chapter 47 Figure 1

Radiolabeling strategies for the detection of glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

10

Metabolic Labeling of Glycoproteins with Radioactive Sugars

Martin D SniderCurrent Protocols in Cell Biology (2002) 781-7811

Nice discussion of issues

1 Competition with glucose ndash need to compromise

bull it is advisable to use these Precursors (open squares) in medium with reduced Glc (01 mgml) Lowering the Glc concentration further is not advisable because Glc starvation can affect glycan synthesis

bull cells must not exhaust the supply of Glc or other nutrients in the medium

bull ldquoCatch 22rdquo ndash need to lower glucose but you donrsquot want to alter glycosylation

11

Scott T Laughlin amp Carolyn R BertozziVOL2 NO11 | 2007 | NATURE PROTOCOLS

12

Analysis of glycans using the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy

Chapter 48 Figure 3

Metabolic and covalent labeling of glycans for in vivo imaging of the glycome

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

13Drawback is low efficiency of incorporation

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

14

The bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy for imaging glycans

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 9: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates

9

Monosaccharides Reduce Peracetylate (acetic anhydride in pyridine) GC-MS

Alditols 1 peak per monosaccharide

Chapter 47 Figure 1

Radiolabeling strategies for the detection of glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

10

Metabolic Labeling of Glycoproteins with Radioactive Sugars

Martin D SniderCurrent Protocols in Cell Biology (2002) 781-7811

Nice discussion of issues

1 Competition with glucose ndash need to compromise

bull it is advisable to use these Precursors (open squares) in medium with reduced Glc (01 mgml) Lowering the Glc concentration further is not advisable because Glc starvation can affect glycan synthesis

bull cells must not exhaust the supply of Glc or other nutrients in the medium

bull ldquoCatch 22rdquo ndash need to lower glucose but you donrsquot want to alter glycosylation

11

Scott T Laughlin amp Carolyn R BertozziVOL2 NO11 | 2007 | NATURE PROTOCOLS

12

Analysis of glycans using the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy

Chapter 48 Figure 3

Metabolic and covalent labeling of glycans for in vivo imaging of the glycome

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

13Drawback is low efficiency of incorporation

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

14

The bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy for imaging glycans

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 10: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Chapter 47 Figure 1

Radiolabeling strategies for the detection of glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

10

Metabolic Labeling of Glycoproteins with Radioactive Sugars

Martin D SniderCurrent Protocols in Cell Biology (2002) 781-7811

Nice discussion of issues

1 Competition with glucose ndash need to compromise

bull it is advisable to use these Precursors (open squares) in medium with reduced Glc (01 mgml) Lowering the Glc concentration further is not advisable because Glc starvation can affect glycan synthesis

bull cells must not exhaust the supply of Glc or other nutrients in the medium

bull ldquoCatch 22rdquo ndash need to lower glucose but you donrsquot want to alter glycosylation

11

Scott T Laughlin amp Carolyn R BertozziVOL2 NO11 | 2007 | NATURE PROTOCOLS

12

Analysis of glycans using the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy

Chapter 48 Figure 3

Metabolic and covalent labeling of glycans for in vivo imaging of the glycome

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

13Drawback is low efficiency of incorporation

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

14

The bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy for imaging glycans

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 11: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Metabolic Labeling of Glycoproteins with Radioactive Sugars

Martin D SniderCurrent Protocols in Cell Biology (2002) 781-7811

Nice discussion of issues

1 Competition with glucose ndash need to compromise

bull it is advisable to use these Precursors (open squares) in medium with reduced Glc (01 mgml) Lowering the Glc concentration further is not advisable because Glc starvation can affect glycan synthesis

bull cells must not exhaust the supply of Glc or other nutrients in the medium

bull ldquoCatch 22rdquo ndash need to lower glucose but you donrsquot want to alter glycosylation

11

Scott T Laughlin amp Carolyn R BertozziVOL2 NO11 | 2007 | NATURE PROTOCOLS

12

Analysis of glycans using the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy

Chapter 48 Figure 3

Metabolic and covalent labeling of glycans for in vivo imaging of the glycome

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

13Drawback is low efficiency of incorporation

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

14

The bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy for imaging glycans

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 12: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Scott T Laughlin amp Carolyn R BertozziVOL2 NO11 | 2007 | NATURE PROTOCOLS

12

Analysis of glycans using the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy

Chapter 48 Figure 3

Metabolic and covalent labeling of glycans for in vivo imaging of the glycome

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

13Drawback is low efficiency of incorporation

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

14

The bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy for imaging glycans

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 13: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Chapter 48 Figure 3

Metabolic and covalent labeling of glycans for in vivo imaging of the glycome

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

13Drawback is low efficiency of incorporation

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

14

The bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy for imaging glycans

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 14: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

14

The bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy for imaging glycans

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 15: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Laughlin amp Bertozzi 12ndash17 PNAS January 6 2009 vol 106 no 1

15

Imaging of Glycans in Living Zebrafish

Zebrafish embryo metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz and reacted with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-647) at 60 h postfertilization (hpf) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated DIFO (DIFO-488) at63 hpf to detect newly synthesized glycans ndash Temporal resolution during development

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 16: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

16

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 17: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Proteomics 2006 6 5385ndash5408

17

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 18: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 71 223-230 (1976)

18

Detection of Glycoproteins in SDS-PAGE

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

Early work on RBC Surface Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 19: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash68

19

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoproteinstain ndash Proprietary dye reacts with periodate reacted glycans

SYPRORuby total protein stain

Selective Staining of Glycoproteins on 2D-Gels

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 20: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6820

Lectin Blotting is a Powerful Tool to Detect Glycoproteins

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 21: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Clin Proteom (2009) 552ndash6821

DSL Lectin

LEL Lectin AAL Lectin

UEA I Lectin

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 22: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

OMICS A Journal of Integrative BiologyVolume 14 Number 4 2010

22

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 23: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

O-GlcNAc is Abundant on Nuclear amp Cytosolic Proteins 23

Detection of Glycoproteins by Glycan-Specific Antibodies

Eg Pan-Specific antibody to O-GlcNAc

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 24: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

24

Detection of Glycosphingolipids by Antibodies After TLC

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 25: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Anal Chem 2009 81 9481ndash9492

25

Multiple immunostaining combined with multicoloring of TLC-separated neutral GSLs from human erythrocytes

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 26: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

26

Typical Protocol Used to Analyze Glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 27: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

27

Affinity methods for isolation of glycoproteins

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 28: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2007 1152ndash58

28

Unnatural sugars used in the isolation of glycoproteins

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 29: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Options for Releasing Glycans From Proteins

29

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 30: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

30

Endoglycosidases for N-Glycans

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 31: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

31

PNGase F works best on Denatured Proteins or Glycopeptides But Does Not Release All N-Glycans Equally

(PNGase A from Almonds cleaves all N-Glycans as long as peptide has COOH and amino terminus)

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 32: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

32

Several Endo-Glycosidases For Releasing N-GlycansAre Available Commerically

PNGase F useful in Site Mapping by MS

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 33: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

33

Sigma-Aldrich Glycoprotein Handbook

Unlike PNGase F O-Glycosidase is Highly Specfic

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 34: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

34

Enzymatic De-Glycosylation of O-Glycopeptides Requires Multiple Enzymes

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 35: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars

GlcNAc

O|

[3H]Gal[3H]Gal(1-4)GlcNAcitol

-Elimination

NaOHNaBH4

Often done with borohydride to prevent lsquopeelingrsquo35

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 36: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY VOL4 NO9 bull 715ndash732 bull 2009bull

Differential glycan analysis using isotope labeling and mass spectrometry

36

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 37: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Alkaline induced-b Elimination

CNH

C

O

CH2

(Serine-O-GlcNAc)

(dehydroalanine)

CNH

C

O

CH2

OGlcNAc

H

Strategy for O-GlcNAcO-Phosphate site mapping

0

100

0

100

0

100

13143

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

O-GlcNAc

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

DTT

PSVPVSerGSAPGR

BAP

12474

14217

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

mz1100 1650

MALDI-TOF

Replacement of O-GlcNAc with DTTUsing b-eliminationmichael addition

CNH

C

O

CH2H

DTT (or BAP)

Michael Addition

HSCH2CHOHCHOHCH2SH (DTT)

1 Provides tag forAffinity enrichment

2 Tag is stable in massspectrometer

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

Relative intensity

BEMAD Site MappingWells et al Molecular amp Cellular Proteomics (2002)

37

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 38: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Mix

Performic acid treatment

lt--Trypsin--gt

O-GlcNAc-peptides O-phosphate-peptides

Control Cells Experimental Cells

Alkaline Phosphatase

BEMADHeavy DTT

LC-MSMS

Add Controls

BEMADLight DTT

O-GlcNAcase O-GlcNAcaseAlkaline Phosphatase

LC-MSMS

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-GlcNAc-peptides

Heavy and Light DTT labeled O-phosphate-peptides

Thiol Enrichment Thiol Enrichment

Johns Hopkins38

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 39: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Combination of Enzymatic Tagging with lsquoClick-Itrsquo Chemistry amp Solid-Phase BEMAD to Map Sites

BEMAD replaces the labile modification with a stable nucleoplilic group

J Am Chem Soc 125 (52) 16162 -16163 2003

39

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 40: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Deglycosylation Strategies

40

Hydrazine hydrolysis has been found to be effective inthe complete release of unreduced O- and N-linked

oligosaccharides ndashDestroys the Peptide

Anhydrous Hydrazine = Rocket Fuel

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 41: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

Strategies for the analysis of released glycoprotein-glycans

41

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 42: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Bayer EA et al Meth Enzymol 184 415 (1990)42

Periodate Oxidation to Label Glycans

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 43: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

Labeling of glycans A 2-Aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labeling via reductive amination

B 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling via a Michael-type addition

C labeling with phenylhydrazide and

D glycan permethylation

43

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 44: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

44

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 45: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

H Geyer R Geyer Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1764 (2006) 1853ndash1869

45

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 46: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

46

Methods to Separate Released Glycans

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 47: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Tools of Glycome Profiling

47

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 48: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

HPLC of Glycans

Carbohydrate Research 94 (1981) C7-CV

NormalPhaseChromatography

48

Normal-Phase Chromatography of Underivatized GlycansA Type of HILIC

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 49: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

49

Analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from human 1-acidGlycoprotein - 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides

HPAEC

RP-HPLC

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 50: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Glycoprotein Analysis Manual Sigma-Aldrich

50

Normal Phase Chromatography of 2-AB labeled Glycans

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 51: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Oligosaccharide Profiling of O- ‐linked Oligosaccharides Labeled with 2 Aminobenzoic Acid (2- ‐AA)Elisabeth A Kast and Elizabeth A Higgins - ‐ GlycoSolu1048991ons Corpora1048991on Worcester MA

51

Comparison of fetuin digested with PNGaseF and fetuin that has undergone ammonia- based B- elimination at both 40C and 60C

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 52: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

52

Reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection of 2-AB-labeled glycans

RNAase B

Ovalbumin

Fetuin

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 53: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

53

Analysis of 2-AA-labeled total plasma N-glycans by matrix assisted laser desorptionionization (MALDI)ndashFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)ndashMS

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 54: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

L R Ruhaak amp G Zauner amp C Huhn amp C Bruggink amp A M Deelder amp M WuhrerAnal Bioanal Chem (2010) 3973457ndash3481

54

A natural glycan microarray approach with reductively aminated glycans

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 55: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

55

Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by ChargeDEAE-Sephadex Separation of Glycans with 1 2 or 3 Sialic acids

Size After Desialylation

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 56: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Size

56

Beta -Galase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Mannosidase

Beta-Mannosidase

Beta-Hexosaminidase

Alpha-Fucosidase

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 57: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric

Detection ndash A Breakthrough in the mid-80s

J Chromatogr A 720 (1996)295-321

At pH 13Carbohydratesionize and Become Charged molecules

57

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 58: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Derivatization of Glycans for

Electrophoresis

58

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 59: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans

as published in BTi October 2004 59

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 60: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

60

From Glyko

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 61: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis

(FACE)

61

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 62: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)

62

(Formally called ldquoNormal Phaserdquo Chromatography)

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 63: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

63

HPLC-HILIC profile of N-glycans released from heavy chainhuman serum IgG

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 64: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

64

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Many Stationary Phases

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 65: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Chapter 47 Figure 2

Glycosidases used for structural analysis

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

65

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 66: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY | VOL 6 | OCTOBER 2010 | wwwnaturecomnaturechemicalbiology

66

Exoglycosidase Sequencing using HILIC of 2AB-Labeled Glycans

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 67: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Chapter 47 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

A simple example of methylation analysis showing a structural motif that may be found in the polysaccharide glycogen

67

Methylation Analysis is Used to Determine Linkages

Enzymes or NMR are used to Determine Anomericity

Methyl Ether isAcid Stable

100 RXN

Reduction EliminatesAnomeric Mixtures

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 68: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Chapter 47 Figure 6

Data from a glycomics study of N-glycans from mouse kidney

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

68

AssumptionsBased UponKnown Pathways

Typically Confirmed byMSMS and enzymes

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 69: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2009 19498ndash506

Example of MALDI-TOF Profiling of Glycans

69

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 70: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Chapter 47 Figure 4

1H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of two trisialyl triantennary N-glycans

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

70

NMR is the mostPowerful MethodFor Glycan StructureDetermination

Provided 2 things are True

1 Enough Material

2 Oligosaccharide Is pure

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 71: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Chapter 47 Figure 5

NMR and MS data used in the determination of the structure of the complex pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 17F

Essentials of Glycobiology Second Edition

71

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 72: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

Figure 6 MS5 of the monosialo fragment Tri(OH)3Neu1 mz 962 CE = 31 28 26 26 MS conditions were as described for Figure 1 The oligosaccharide structure and fragmentation pathway are shown at the top of the figure

Published in Douglas M Sheeley Vernon N Reinhold Anal Chem 1998 70 3053-3059DOI 101021ac9713058Copyright copy 1998 American Chemical Society

Complete Structural Analyses of Glycans Requires Several Approaches MS NMR Enzymes Fractionation

Ion Trap MSA Powerful tool For Structural Determination of Glycans

72

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 73: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

73

GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Extracted into the Detergent PhaseUsing Two-Phase Separation with TritonX-114

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 74: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

74

Basic Structure of GPI-Anchors

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 75: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

75

Strategy for Analysis of GPI-Anchors

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 76: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

76

Chemical and enzymatic reactions of GPI anchors

Chapter 11 Figure 3Essentials of Glycobiology

Second Edition

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 77: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

77

Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans

Bacterial EliminasesAre Powerful Tools

1 Sequential Degradation Followed by Gel Filtration

2 Other Separation Methods

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 78: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

78

FACE Analysis of GAG-Derived Disaccharides

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 79: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

79

HPLC separation of CS-derived saturated and unsaturateddisaccharides labeled with 2AB

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 80: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

80

Glycosyltransferases as Probes

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 81: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

81

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 82: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

82

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 83: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

83

Galactosyltransferase Labeling of Living Cells O-GlcNAc

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84
Page 84: -Techniques in Glycobiology- NHLBI CardioPEG – Gerald W.Hart, August 19, 2013 Funded by NHLBI P01HL107153 Introduction to Glycan Analysis

84

Conclusions1 There are now a multitude of powerful methods to

analyze glycoconjugates

2 However most of the existing technology requires a fairly high level of skill and knowledge in analytical chemistry

3 Existing Technology is still unable to completely define the molecular species of a glycoprotein with more than one glycosylation site

4 Major advances in Separation Technologies and in Mass Spectrometry have had a huge impact upon the field

  • -Techniques in Glycobiology-
  • Techniques in Glycobiology
  • Topics
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Rough Estimates of Glycans by Colorimetric Assays (Lab 1) Wed
  • Compositional Analysis by HPAEC-PAD
  • Compositional Analysis by GC-MS of Alditol Acetates
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Alkaline szlig-Elimination releases SerThr-linked Sugars
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • Slide 46
  • Slide 47
  • HPLC of Glycans
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Ion-Exhange Chrom ndash Separate Glycans by Charge DEAE-Sephadex
  • Gel Filtration Chromatography ndash Separate Oligosaccharides by Si
  • Dionex with Pulsed-Amperometeric Detection ndash A Breakthrough in
  • Derivatization of Glycans for Electrophoresis
  • Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis
  • Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE)
  • Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • Slide 73
  • Slide 74
  • Slide 75
  • Slide 76
  • Slide 77
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Slide 84