CONTENTSResearcharticlesOn the state ofknowledgeofthe avifaunaoftheRepublic ofBelaaisFenmiresandthebenefit ofmobility:a hypothesis forthe origin ofpromiscuity inAquaticWarbler (Acrocephalus paludicola)Theornithofaunaofa forest-mirecomplexbetween theDrut'and BerezynariversNew recordsof some rare bird species in floodplainofthePripiat River

Marsh-Harrier(Circusaeruginosus) inBelarusianPoozerye.Marsh Sandpiper(Tringastagnatilis)breedinginBelarus

ShortcommunicationsDispersal ofLong-eared owls (Asio otus) originatingfrom BelarusObservation ofWhooper Swans (Cygnus cygnus) in thePalessia State radio-ecological ReserveObservation ofrare type ofaerial courtshipdisplayofWhite-tailed Eagle (Haliaectusalbicilla) inthe Palessiaradio-ecological State Reserve

WinteringeaglesintheChernobyl zoneduring 1998

ObservationsofDipper(Cincluscinclus) in theBielovezhskaya PushchaStateNationalPark

Anewgull speciesfor Belarus-Great Black-headedGull (LarusichthyaetusPall.)

SiberianAccentor (Prunellamontanella) -a newspecies for BelarusThe first record ofbreeding Black-crownedNight-heron(Nycticoraxnycticorax) inBelarus.

ForreadersofSubbuteoRules forauthors

3 GritschikW.W.

Kozulin A.V.II HadeM.

GritschikW.W.

18

32

35

39

42

43

46

51

DzmitranokM.G.DombrovskiV.C.Mongin E.A.,PinchukP.V.Moroz S.V.Ivanovsky V.V.,Biryukov V.P.

Yurko V.V.,GritschikW.W.

Ivanovsky V.V.ShamovichD.I.Zhuravlev D.V.PareikoOA.

45 DombrovskiV.C.

Dombrovski V.C,PareikoO.A.

48 TsherkasN.D.

Vintchevski A.E.,Raty L.'DeSmetG.

49 deSchaetzenR.Bekaert L.LafontaineR.-M.PareikoO.A.

50 Zuenok S.V.

SamusenkoI.E.,Pinchuk P.V.

TOM21999

Subbuteo

THE BELARUSIANORNITHOLOGICALBULLETIN

CONTENTSResearcharticlesOn the state ofknowledgeofthe avifaunaoftheRepublic ofBelaaisFenmiresandthebenefit ofmobility:a hypothesis forthe origin ofpromiscuity inAquaticWarbler (Acrocephalus paludicola)Theornithofaunaofa forest-mirecomplexbetween theDrut'and BerezynariversNew recordsof some rare bird species in floodplainofthePripiat River

Marsh-Harrier(Circusaeruginosus) inBelarusianPoozerye.Marsh Sandpiper(Tringastagnatilis)breedinginBelarus

ShortcommunicationsDispersal ofLong-eared owls (Asio otus) originatingfrom BelarusObservation ofWhooper Swans (Cygnus cygnus) in thePalessia State radio-ecological ReserveObservation ofrare type ofaerial courtshipdisplayofWhite-tailed Eagle (Haliaectusalbicilla) inthe Palessiaradio-ecological State Reserve

WinteringeaglesintheChernobyl zoneduring 1998

ObservationsofDipper(Cincluscinclus) in theBielovezhskaya PushchaStateNationalPark

Anewgull speciesfor Belarus-Great Black-headedGull (LarusichthyaetusPall.)

SiberianAccentor (Prunellamontanella) -a newspecies for BelarusThe first record ofbreeding Black-crownedNight-heron(Nycticoraxnycticorax) inBelarus.

ForreadersofSubbuteoRules forauthors

3 GritschikW.W.

Kozulin A.V.II HadeM.

GritschikW.W.

18

32

35

39

42

43

46

51

DzmitranokM.G.DombrovskiV.C.Mongin E.A.,PinchukP.V.Moroz S.V.Ivanovsky V.V.,Biryukov V.P.

Yurko V.V.,GritschikW.W.

Ivanovsky V.V.ShamovichD.I.Zhuravlev D.V.PareikoOA.

45 DombrovskiV.C.

Dombrovski V.C,PareikoO.A.

48 TsherkasN.D.

Vintchevski A.E.,Raty L.'DeSmetG.

49 deSchaetzenR.Bekaert L.LafontaineR.-M.PareikoO.A.

50 Zuenok S.V.

SamusenkoI.E.,Pinchuk P.V.

TOM21999

Subbuteo

THE BELARUSIANORNITHOLOGICALBULLETIN

Subbuteo

..306220050-50Adres P.O.Box306220050Minsk-50,BELARUS

.., ,,

.,220050,,BelarusEditor Dr.VasilyV.Gritchik,.017-2775936

.. .,30-19, 230012, Managingeditor DubravinM.V.,.0152-339021

.., ..,..

EditorialBoard

-Illustration ..

-Translation ..,..

-Correction GeoffHilton (RSPB)

Dr.WaltherThiede&RSPB(theRoyalSocietyFortheProtectionofBirds).

.

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ABSTRACTGritschikW.W.OnthestateofknowledgeoftheavifaunaoftheRepublicofBelarus.ThecurrentstateofknowledgeoftheBelarusianavifaunaisexamined,includingdata

onthenumberofornithologicalpublications,populationestimates,extentofgeographiccoverage,connectionsbetweenoldandcurrentstudies,andfutureperspectives.Therehavebeen735publicationsconcerningBelarusianornithology.Of305recordedbirdspecies,only24arethesubjectoffiveormorededicatedpublications(egCapercai/lieTetraourogallusoccursin31);70speciesdonotoccurinanydedicatedpublications.

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Subbuteo

..306220050-50Adres P.O.Box306220050Minsk-50,BELARUS

.., ,,

.,220050,,BelarusEditor Dr.VasilyV.Gritchik,.017-2775936

.. .,30-19, 230012, Managingeditor DubravinM.V.,.0152-339021

.., ..,..

EditorialBoard

-Illustration ..

-Translation ..,..

-Correction GeoffHilton (RSPB)

Dr.WaltherThiede&RSPB(theRoyalSocietyFortheProtectionofBirds).

.

i , , i ,ii.2oii,Word 6.0 ( *.RTF). - i,i().PyKanicbi : .. ,,.,220050,,Belarus.

: i .

Subscription: #5USSperissueincludingpostage2 issues/year # 10USSperyearincludingpostage

.24111.03.1998.'01.11.1999.60x84/16.....3,75.

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ABSTRACTGritschikW.W.OnthestateofknowledgeoftheavifaunaoftheRepublicofBelarus.ThecurrentstateofknowledgeoftheBelarusianavifaunaisexamined,includingdata

onthenumberofornithologicalpublications,populationestimates,extentofgeographiccoverage,connectionsbetweenoldandcurrentstudies,andfutureperspectives.Therehavebeen735publicationsconcerningBelarusianornithology.Of305recordedbirdspecies,only24arethesubjectoffiveormorededicatedpublications(egCapercai/lieTetraourogallusoccursin31);70speciesdonotoccurinanydedicatedpublications.

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(2).Table1

Numberofdevotedpublications(2)intheBelarusianornithologicalliteratureforeachspecies(1)

Phalacrocorax carbo

Ardea cinerea

Ciconia ciconia

Ciconia nigra-

Cygnus olor

Anas platyrhynchos

Aquila chrysaetos

Aquila pomarina

Buteobuteo-

Haliaeetus albicilla

Pandion haliaetus

Falco columbarius

5

13

25

24

9

13

8

7

7

5

9

5

Lagopus lagopus

Tetrao urogallus

Tetrao tetrix

Bonasa bonasia

Perdix perdix

Grus grus

Larus argentatus

Larus ridibundus

Bubobubo

Strix nebulosa

Corvus corax

Corvus frugilegus

7

31

16

7

14

8

6

13

8

5

6

12

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 4

1999

,

,

(,,..),()(). ""

,"",

- -65:

) 265,"".

Table2ListofspecieswithnodevotedpublicationsintheBelarusianornithologicalliterature

Ixobrychusminutus

Anasstrepera-

Anascrecca

Anasclypeata

Aythyafuligula

Coturnlxcoturnlx

Porzanaporzana

Gallinulachloropus

Tringaochropus

Tringaglareola

Tringatotanus

Actitishypoleucos

Philomachuspugnax

Gallinagogalllnago

Scolopaxrustlcola

Laruscanus

Upupaepops

Picuscanus

Dendrocoposleucotos

Dendrocoposmedlus

Jynxtorquilla

Alaundaarvensis

Lullulaarborea

Anthustrivialis

Anthuspratensis

Oriolusoriolus

Corvusmodedula

Troglodytestroglodytes

Turdusmerula

Turdusphilomelos

Oenantheoenanthecenanthe

Saxlcolarubetra

Locustellaluscinioides

Acrocephaluspalustris

Acrocephalusdumetorum-

Acrocephalusschoenobaenus

Hippolaisicterina

Sylvianisoria

Sylviaborin

Sylviacommunis-

Sylviacurruca

Phylloscopuscollybita

Regulusregulus

Aegithaloscaudatus

Parusater

Paruscyanus

Parusmontanus

Paruscristatus

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 5

..

XX.,

.

-.

(690)3015,,,

-,

,

().

; "' -

( 70) 31 (). 24 5:

124,

(2).Table1

Numberofdevotedpublications(2)intheBelarusianornithologicalliteratureforeachspecies(1)

Phalacrocorax carbo

Ardea cinerea

Ciconia ciconia

Ciconia nigra-

Cygnus olor

Anas platyrhynchos

Aquila chrysaetos

Aquila pomarina

Buteobuteo-

Haliaeetus albicilla

Pandion haliaetus

Falco columbarius

5

13

25

24

9

13

8

7

7

5

9

5

Lagopus lagopus

Tetrao urogallus

Tetrao tetrix

Bonasa bonasia

Perdix perdix

Grus grus

Larus argentatus

Larus ridibundus

Bubobubo

Strix nebulosa

Corvus corax

Corvus frugilegus

7

31

16

7

14

8

6

13

8

5

6

12

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 4

1999

,

,

(,,..),()(). ""

,"",

- -65:

) 265,"".

Table2ListofspecieswithnodevotedpublicationsintheBelarusianornithologicalliterature

Ixobrychusminutus

Anasstrepera-

Anascrecca

Anasclypeata

Aythyafuligula

Coturnlxcoturnlx

Porzanaporzana

Gallinulachloropus

Tringaochropus

Tringaglareola

Tringatotanus

Actitishypoleucos

Philomachuspugnax

Gallinagogalllnago

Scolopaxrustlcola

Laruscanus

Upupaepops

Picuscanus

Dendrocoposleucotos

Dendrocoposmedlus

Jynxtorquilla

Alaundaarvensis

Lullulaarborea

Anthustrivialis

Anthuspratensis

Oriolusoriolus

Corvusmodedula

Troglodytestroglodytes

Turdusmerula

Turdusphilomelos

Oenantheoenanthecenanthe

Saxlcolarubetra

Locustellaluscinioides

Acrocephaluspalustris

Acrocephalusdumetorum-

Acrocephalusschoenobaenus

Hippolaisicterina

Sylvianisoria

Sylviaborin

Sylviacommunis-

Sylviacurruca

Phylloscopuscollybita

Regulusregulus

Aegithaloscaudatus

Parusater

Paruscyanus

Parusmontanus

Paruscristatus

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 5

..

Sternahirundo

Columbapalumbus

Columbaoenas

Streptopeliaturtur

Aegoliusfunereus

Coraciasgarrulus

Phoenicurusphoenicurus

Lusciniasvecica

Muscicapastriata-

Ficedulahypoleuca

Locustellafluviatilis

Locustellanaevia

Emberizacitrinella

Carduelischloris

Carduelisspinus-

Loxiacurvirosta

Coccothraustescoccothraustes

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.1.,XX. ()..(1921-1930.)Figure1.Mapofornithologicalexpeditionsinyears1900-1950.Arrowsshowroutesofexpeditionsorganizedbyprof.AnatolyV.Fediushin(1921-1930).

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 6

1999

-

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.1.,XX. ()..(1921-1930.)Figure1.Mapofornithologicalexpeditionsinyears1900-1950.Arrowsshowroutesofexpeditionsorganizedbyprof.AnatolyV.Fediushin(1921-1930).

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 6

1999

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. (.1-3) (). XX ( ),(..,,..,..,..,..,)(.1), 95 % .,,

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Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 10

FEN MIRESANDTHEBENEFITOFMOBILITY:AHYPOTHESISFORTHEORIGINOFPROMISCUITYINAQUATIC

WARBLER (Acrocephaluspaludicola)KozulinA.V.,M.Flade*&W.W.Gritschik"

Instituteofzoology,Akademichnaya27,220072Minsk.Belarus*LandesanstattfuerGrosschutzgebieteBrandenburg,Stadtsee1-4,D-16225

Eberswalde,Germany**Dept.OfBiology,BelarussianStateUniversity,PI.Nezaleznasci,220050Minsk,Belarus

, ABSTRACTAcrocephalus paludicola displays a unique mating and breeding system among the

Acrocephalusspecies,whichcould beconsideredasort ofpromiscuity (HEISE1970, DYRCZ&ZDVNEK 1993, SCHULZE-HAVES et al. 1993), with absence ofany social contacts (exceptforcopulation)betweenbirds.Themajorquestionwewanttodiscusshere,is:couldpromiscuityofAquatic Warbler be an adaptation to the special habitat conditions on which this globallythreatenedspeciesdependson?

The analysis ofdensity ofAquatic Warbler reveals two majorfactors determining thedensity,breedingsuccessandpopulationsizeindifferentyears.Thesefactorsare:changesinwaterlevelinthemireduringbreedingperiod,andspringburningofvegetation.Thus we suppose, thatformation ofthe biology ofAPwas constantly influenced by the twomentionedfactors.Summerfloodsresultedininundationofthewholeareaofthemireorpartsofit. Survivalofthe species undersuch conditions requires ability tomove to othermires orperform "redistribution"move to more elevated areas within the mire during the breedingseason.Theabsenceofpairbondsaswellasterritorialityimprovesmobilityandflexibilityoftheentirepopulationandthusimprovestheabilitytobreedinaquick-changinghabitatenvironment,whichatthesametimesuppliessufficientfoodtorearthejuvenilesbyoneadultonly.

Weassume, that in conditions when regularchange ofthe nestingplace is necessary,naturalselectionhasledtotheformationofauniquebreedingsystemamongAquaticWarblers,thatpresupposesseparationoffunctionsofmaleandfemale.

..,.,..

(Acrocephaluspaludicola).

,

.

,

.

.(-),.

.,

()(Dyrch1994).,().(Schulze-Hagenefa/. 1989).

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 11

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,-,

.,

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Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 10

FEN MIRESANDTHEBENEFITOFMOBILITY:AHYPOTHESISFORTHEORIGINOFPROMISCUITYINAQUATIC

WARBLER (Acrocephaluspaludicola)KozulinA.V.,M.Flade*&W.W.Gritschik"

Instituteofzoology,Akademichnaya27,220072Minsk.Belarus*LandesanstattfuerGrosschutzgebieteBrandenburg,Stadtsee1-4,D-16225

Eberswalde,Germany**Dept.OfBiology,BelarussianStateUniversity,PI.Nezaleznasci,220050Minsk,Belarus

, ABSTRACTAcrocephalus paludicola displays a unique mating and breeding system among the

Acrocephalusspecies,whichcould beconsideredasort ofpromiscuity (HEISE1970, DYRCZ&ZDVNEK 1993, SCHULZE-HAVES et al. 1993), with absence ofany social contacts (exceptforcopulation)betweenbirds.Themajorquestionwewanttodiscusshere,is:couldpromiscuityofAquatic Warbler be an adaptation to the special habitat conditions on which this globallythreatenedspeciesdependson?

The analysis ofdensity ofAquatic Warbler reveals two majorfactors determining thedensity,breedingsuccessandpopulationsizeindifferentyears.Thesefactorsare:changesinwaterlevelinthemireduringbreedingperiod,andspringburningofvegetation.Thus we suppose, thatformation ofthe biology ofAPwas constantly influenced by the twomentionedfactors.Summerfloodsresultedininundationofthewholeareaofthemireorpartsofit. Survivalofthe species undersuch conditions requires ability tomove to othermires orperform "redistribution"move to more elevated areas within the mire during the breedingseason.Theabsenceofpairbondsaswellasterritorialityimprovesmobilityandflexibilityoftheentirepopulationandthusimprovestheabilitytobreedinaquick-changinghabitatenvironment,whichatthesametimesuppliessufficientfoodtorearthejuvenilesbyoneadultonly.

Weassume, that in conditions when regularchange ofthe nestingplace is necessary,naturalselectionhasledtotheformationofauniquebreedingsystemamongAquaticWarblers,thatpresupposesseparationoffunctionsofmaleandfemale.

..,.,..

(Acrocephaluspaludicola).

,

.

,

.

.(-),.

.,

()(Dyrch1994).,().(Schulze-Hagenefa/. 1989).

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 11

KozulinA.V.,M.Flade&W.W.Gritschik

.

,

.

(1995-1998.),(1815)(,,,,).,

:,,,,, ,

,,

.

,,

.

.

( ) .

, , .

.

.

,

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.

.

(30).().

,.

,

,.

.

INTRODUCTIONAcrocephaluspaludicoladisplaysauniquematingandbreedingsystemamongthe

Acrocephalusspecies,whichcouldbeconsideredasortofpromiscuity(Heise1970,Dyrcz&Zdunek 1993a, Schulze-Hagen etal. 1993),withabsenceofanysocial contacts (exceptforcopulation)betweenbirds.Theburdenofrearingtheyoungiscarriedsolelybyfemales,startingfrombuildingofnestsandendingwithfeedingofnestlingsandfledglings((Schulze-Hagenefa/.1989).Malesremainterritorial(withinanareaof0.8-5.4ha),butthisterritoriesarenotdefendedanddopartiallyoverlap(Dyrcz1989,Dyrcz&Zdunek1993a).IthasbeenfoundoutthatmaleAquaticWarblers (AP)sing throughoutthewholeseason (May-July)at thesame intensity

Subbuteo1999, TOM2N1 12

1999 Fenmiresandthebenefitofmobility:(Acrocephaluspaludicola)

(Dyrcz&Zdunek1993a),whichisalsoaproofforpromiscuity.ThepromiscuityofAPhasbeenprovenbygeneticmethods:In1990ona44haplotintheBiebrzamarshesnestlingsin50%ofnestshadnotonebut2-4maleparents(Schulze-Hagenetal.1993).

Thereexistseveral hypothesizesexplaining reasons for andwaysofdevelopmentofsuchextraordinarybiologyofthespecies.Oneofthehypothesizesisbasedonthesuppositionthatthegeneticbenefitfrompromiscuity(increaseddiversityoftheyoung)isacausefortheabsenceofparticipationofthemaleinrearingoftheyoung(Dyrcz1994).IthasbeenpresumedthatthereasonforemergenceofthespecificbreedingsystemofAPisthepeculiarcharacterofthehabitats.Freeingmalesfromtakingcareoftheyoungbecamepossibleduetohighproductivityofnestinghabitatsrichinbutterfliesandotherlargeinsects.Thisenablesthefemaletocollectfoodrightbesidethenestandbringlarge-sizepreytothenest(Schulze-Hagenefal.1989).

The(majorquestionwewanttodiscusshere,is:CouldpromiscuityofAPbeanadaptationtothespecialhabitatconditionsonwhichthisgloballythreatenedspeciesdependson?

MATERIALANDMETHODSAllobservationsandfindingsdiscussed inthispaperareobtained inthefenmiresof

SW-Belarus.Ahypothesisisbasedoncountsofsingingmales(1995-1998),phenologyandthebreedingsuccessofbirds(18nestsand15broodswithfemales)onfivelargestBelarusianfenmires(Dikoe,Zvanets,Yaselda,Sporova,Prostyr).In1998,monitoringplotsof40-120hasizehavebeenestablishedinthe5mostimportantfenmiresofBelarus.DuringMay-July1998triple(firsttime:May21-29;second:June22-26;third:July20-25)recordingofthedensityofsingingmaleswasperformed(Tab.2).

Thefollowingenvironmentalandhabitatfactors,whicharebelievedtohaveimpactonthedensityandphenologyofnestingweretakenintoaccountandregistered:waterlevelabovesoilsurface;characterofthemirerelief;pHvalue;oxygencontent;levelofwatermineralization;speciescompositionofinsects;proportion(in%)ofthevegetationassociations;timeperiodafterthelastfire.

DESCRIPTIONOFBELARUSIANFENMIRESANDIMPORTANTENVIRONMENTALFACTORS

AllstudiedhabitatsofAPrepresentlargetractsofopenfenmirewithdifferenttrophiclevels.Theycanbe ranked in thefollowingascendingorder(frompoormesotrophictoricheutrophic):Dikoe,Sporova,Zvanets,YaseldaSBeroza(Tab.1).

Table1Hydrochemicalparametersoftenmires

1.(1).(2) .

Nameoffenmires(1)

Yaselda(Pestchanka)ZvanetsYaselda(Kostiuki)SporovoDikoe

Temperature

18.11.015.30.259.6+0.1624.1+0.5611.80.36

pH

6.6.016.40.016.7.036.9.016.6.08

Conductivity(2)

632.514.94509.314.8278.810.9194.825.4125.5+10.2

CDS

322.46.5256.86.1135.83.8104.410.862.85.0

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 13

KozulinA.V.,M.Flade&W.W.Gritschik

.

,

.

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,,

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,.

.

INTRODUCTIONAcrocephaluspaludicoladisplaysauniquematingandbreedingsystemamongthe

Acrocephalusspecies,whichcouldbeconsideredasortofpromiscuity(Heise1970,Dyrcz&Zdunek 1993a, Schulze-Hagen etal. 1993),withabsenceofanysocial contacts (exceptforcopulation)betweenbirds.Theburdenofrearingtheyoungiscarriedsolelybyfemales,startingfrombuildingofnestsandendingwithfeedingofnestlingsandfledglings((Schulze-Hagenefa/.1989).Malesremainterritorial(withinanareaof0.8-5.4ha),butthisterritoriesarenotdefendedanddopartiallyoverlap(Dyrcz1989,Dyrcz&Zdunek1993a).IthasbeenfoundoutthatmaleAquaticWarblers (AP)sing throughoutthewholeseason (May-July)at thesame intensity

Subbuteo1999, TOM2N1 12

1999 Fenmiresandthebenefitofmobility:(Acrocephaluspaludicola)

(Dyrcz&Zdunek1993a),whichisalsoaproofforpromiscuity.ThepromiscuityofAPhasbeenprovenbygeneticmethods:In1990ona44haplotintheBiebrzamarshesnestlingsin50%ofnestshadnotonebut2-4maleparents(Schulze-Hagenetal.1993).

Thereexistseveral hypothesizesexplaining reasons for andwaysofdevelopmentofsuchextraordinarybiologyofthespecies.Oneofthehypothesizesisbasedonthesuppositionthatthegeneticbenefitfrompromiscuity(increaseddiversityoftheyoung)isacausefortheabsenceofparticipationofthemaleinrearingoftheyoung(Dyrcz1994).IthasbeenpresumedthatthereasonforemergenceofthespecificbreedingsystemofAPisthepeculiarcharacterofthehabitats.Freeingmalesfromtakingcareoftheyoungbecamepossibleduetohighproductivityofnestinghabitatsrichinbutterfliesandotherlargeinsects.Thisenablesthefemaletocollectfoodrightbesidethenestandbringlarge-sizepreytothenest(Schulze-Hagenefal.1989).

The(majorquestionwewanttodiscusshere,is:CouldpromiscuityofAPbeanadaptationtothespecialhabitatconditionsonwhichthisgloballythreatenedspeciesdependson?

MATERIALANDMETHODSAllobservationsandfindingsdiscussed inthispaperareobtained inthefenmiresof

SW-Belarus.Ahypothesisisbasedoncountsofsingingmales(1995-1998),phenologyandthebreedingsuccessofbirds(18nestsand15broodswithfemales)onfivelargestBelarusianfenmires(Dikoe,Zvanets,Yaselda,Sporova,Prostyr).In1998,monitoringplotsof40-120hasizehavebeenestablishedinthe5mostimportantfenmiresofBelarus.DuringMay-July1998triple(firsttime:May21-29;second:June22-26;third:July20-25)recordingofthedensityofsingingmaleswasperformed(Tab.2).

Thefollowingenvironmentalandhabitatfactors,whicharebelievedtohaveimpactonthedensityandphenologyofnestingweretakenintoaccountandregistered:waterlevelabovesoilsurface;characterofthemirerelief;pHvalue;oxygencontent;levelofwatermineralization;speciescompositionofinsects;proportion(in%)ofthevegetationassociations;timeperiodafterthelastfire.

DESCRIPTIONOFBELARUSIANFENMIRESANDIMPORTANTENVIRONMENTALFACTORS

AllstudiedhabitatsofAPrepresentlargetractsofopenfenmirewithdifferenttrophiclevels.Theycanbe ranked in thefollowingascendingorder(frompoormesotrophictoricheutrophic):Dikoe,Sporova,Zvanets,YaseldaSBeroza(Tab.1).

Table1Hydrochemicalparametersoftenmires

1.(1).(2) .

Nameoffenmires(1)

Yaselda(Pestchanka)ZvanetsYaselda(Kostiuki)SporovoDikoe

Temperature

18.11.015.30.259.6+0.1624.1+0.5611.80.36

pH

6.6.016.40.016.7.036.9.016.6.08

Conductivity(2)

632.514.94509.314.8278.810.9194.825.4125.5+10.2

CDS

322.46.5256.86.1135.83.8104.410.862.85.0

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 13

KozulinA.V..M.Fiade&WW.Gritschik

TheDikoemireisatransitorymirewhichistobeplacedbetweenatypicalfenmireandanoligotrophicmire.Environmentalconditions inthemireareextremelystable.Themire isexclusivelyfedbygroundwaterandprecipitation.Thisguaranteesstablewaterlevel,whichfluctuates from 1 to 5-10 cm in May-July nearly regardless ofthe actual amount of localprecipitation.

TheSporovamireissituatedintheYaseldariverfloodplain,inanareaadjacenttoLakeSporovskoye.Thestructureofthemireishighlypatchyandmosaic-like:typicaleutrophictractsovergrownbywillowshrubsalternatewithmesotrophicopentracts. InMarch-earlyMaythemireisinundatedduringthespringflood,withwaterlevelof15-30cm.Thelevelinthestudyplotdroppedfrom10cminlateMayto0cminearlyJuly.Springburningofgrassinthemireisquiteinfrequent(onceevery3yearsinaverage)andisperformedonsmallplotsonly.

TheZvanetsmireisoneofthelargestremainingfenmiresinEurope(19,000ha).Thereliefofthemireisanalterationoflargeflatteneddepressionswithnumerousmineralislands.WaterlevelinthemireovertheperiodMay-Julyfluctuatesfrom-10to+40cmdependingontheamountofprecipitationandwaterlevel inthePripyat.However, thepeculiaritiesofthe reliefguaranteesomenon-inundatedareasatthemineral islandsevenduringstrongfloods.Theislandsarethenploughedorcutbylocalpeople,apartofthemireisalsousedforhay-making.Itisthemajorreasonforregularspringburningofmirevegetation(onceeverytwo-threeyearsinaverage).

Themire in theYaseldafloodplainSBerozatakestheformofamoreor lessnarrowstripealongtheriver.Thewidthofthefloodplainisabout1(0.5-3.0)km,itslength25km.Theplaceisahomogeneousextremelyflattenedmassif.Whenthewaterlevelincreasesto30-40cm,allplacessuitablefornestingareinundated.Summedsummerfloodswereobserved inearlyJuly1997and1998.Significantpartsofthemireareusedforhay-making,thereforecertainareasaresubjecttoannualburningofvegetation.

DetailedcharacteristicsofthemiresweredescribedbyA.V.KozulinandM.FIade(1999).PHENOLOGYOFAQUATICWARBLERINBELARUS

AnalysisofourlimiteddataallowsustomakeaconclusionthatAPhastwomainbreedingperiodswithinthebreedingseason(Tab.2).MostbirdsstartbreedinginMay15-25.Secondlayingismoreextended; instableenvironmentlayingtakesplacemostintensivelyinthe firstdecadeofJuly. InearlyJuly1998only4nestshavebeenfound,which istobeexplainedbydestructionofall nests inonemajorbreedingsite(Yaseldafloodplain)asaresultofsummerflooding.MalessingatsimilarintensitythroughoutthewholebreedingseasonandbecomelessactiveuponcompletionofthesecondclutchinlateJuly.ThispicturewasobservedintheDikoemire.Incasethatthesecondclutchisdestroyedbysummerflood,birdsmaystartbuildingnestseveninlateJuly.ThisisindicatedbyincreasedactivityofmalesinSporovaandZvanetsinthelastdecadeofJuly. Increaseinwaterlevelby30-40cmfromtheinitialleadstoinundationofpracticallyallnests.

Table2Nestingphenology(startofincubation)ofAPinBelarus,1998(n=33)

2(),1998(=33)

10-19.V12

20-31.V12

1-9.VI4

10-19.VI0

20-31.VI1

1-9.VII3

10-19.VII1

20-31.VII0

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 14

1999 Fenmiresandthebenefitofmobility:(Acrocephaluspaludicola)

DENSITYOFSINGINGMALESDensityofAPunderstableconditionsinthemire(noactualimpactoffloodsandfires)

correspondstothecarryingcapacityoftheenvironmentanddependsonthetrophiclevelandthe corresponding vegetation structure (Tab.1). The highest density is observed in mirescharacterisedbyelevatedwatermineralization levelandhigheroxygencontent(YaseldaandZvanets).Lowerdensityisobservedintrophic-poormires:DikoeandSporova(Tab.3).

StabilityofdensityintheDikoemiremakes itpossibletoassumethatthedensitywillremainunchangedindifferentyearswithabsenceoffiresandinundationinthearea.Inthoseareasofmireswhichsufferedfromspringburningofvegetation,APdensitydropstotheminimumlevelandtheinitiallevelisre-introducedgradually.Intheyearofburningthedensitywasminimal,overoneyeaVitwas50%ofthepotential,anditwasrestoredcompletelyonlytwoyearsafterthefire(Tab.3).

Table3ChangeofAcrocephaluspaludicoladensity(singingmales/kml)indifferentyears.(0)-inlatewinter/springofthisyearburningofvegetationwasperformed(-1)-burningofvegetationwasperformedinthepreviousyear50-densitycorrespondstothecarryingcapacityoftheenvironment(morethan2yearselapsedsincethelastfire)

3(/2).(0)-/(-1)-50-()

Sitename(1)

Yaselda(Peschanka)Yaselda(Kostuki)

ZvanetsSporovoDikoe

Dateofcounts,densityinsingingmales/kml(2)May1995

45 (-1)

May1996135

62

May199725

135

50

May1998

(0)35954052.5

(1).(2),/2

Dependingonthecharacterofreliefanddurationandheightoftheflood, increaseinwaterlevelleadseithertore-distributionofdensityinthesamemireortocompleteabandonmentofsites,beingnotlongersuitablefornesting,andmigrationtoothermires(Tab.4).Forexample,waterlevelincreaseinZvanetsstartedinlateJune/earlyJuly1998andreacheditspeakinmid-July.WaterlevelremainedhighuptotheendofJuly.InthebeginningofJuly-whenmostbirdslaysecondclutch-themajorityofnestswasinundated.However,therestillremainedlimitedareassuitablefornesting:especiallyhighCarexappropinquatetussocksonreliefelevations(aroundislandsandlessexpressedelevations).Apparently,asignificantproportionoffemales

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 15

KozulinA.V..M.Fiade&WW.Gritschik

TheDikoemireisatransitorymirewhichistobeplacedbetweenatypicalfenmireandanoligotrophicmire.Environmentalconditions inthemireareextremelystable.Themire isexclusivelyfedbygroundwaterandprecipitation.Thisguaranteesstablewaterlevel,whichfluctuates from 1 to 5-10 cm in May-July nearly regardless ofthe actual amount of localprecipitation.

TheSporovamireissituatedintheYaseldariverfloodplain,inanareaadjacenttoLakeSporovskoye.Thestructureofthemireishighlypatchyandmosaic-like:typicaleutrophictractsovergrownbywillowshrubsalternatewithmesotrophicopentracts. InMarch-earlyMaythemireisinundatedduringthespringflood,withwaterlevelof15-30cm.Thelevelinthestudyplotdroppedfrom10cminlateMayto0cminearlyJuly.Springburningofgrassinthemireisquiteinfrequent(onceevery3yearsinaverage)andisperformedonsmallplotsonly.

TheZvanetsmireisoneofthelargestremainingfenmiresinEurope(19,000ha).Thereliefofthemireisanalterationoflargeflatteneddepressionswithnumerousmineralislands.WaterlevelinthemireovertheperiodMay-Julyfluctuatesfrom-10to+40cmdependingontheamountofprecipitationandwaterlevel inthePripyat.However, thepeculiaritiesofthe reliefguaranteesomenon-inundatedareasatthemineral islandsevenduringstrongfloods.Theislandsarethenploughedorcutbylocalpeople,apartofthemireisalsousedforhay-making.Itisthemajorreasonforregularspringburningofmirevegetation(onceeverytwo-threeyearsinaverage).

Themire in theYaseldafloodplainSBerozatakestheformofamoreor lessnarrowstripealongtheriver.Thewidthofthefloodplainisabout1(0.5-3.0)km,itslength25km.Theplaceisahomogeneousextremelyflattenedmassif.Whenthewaterlevelincreasesto30-40cm,allplacessuitablefornestingareinundated.Summedsummerfloodswereobserved inearlyJuly1997and1998.Significantpartsofthemireareusedforhay-making,thereforecertainareasaresubjecttoannualburningofvegetation.

DetailedcharacteristicsofthemiresweredescribedbyA.V.KozulinandM.FIade(1999).PHENOLOGYOFAQUATICWARBLERINBELARUS

AnalysisofourlimiteddataallowsustomakeaconclusionthatAPhastwomainbreedingperiodswithinthebreedingseason(Tab.2).MostbirdsstartbreedinginMay15-25.Secondlayingismoreextended; instableenvironmentlayingtakesplacemostintensivelyinthe firstdecadeofJuly. InearlyJuly1998only4nestshavebeenfound,which istobeexplainedbydestructionofall nests inonemajorbreedingsite(Yaseldafloodplain)asaresultofsummerflooding.MalessingatsimilarintensitythroughoutthewholebreedingseasonandbecomelessactiveuponcompletionofthesecondclutchinlateJuly.ThispicturewasobservedintheDikoemire.Incasethatthesecondclutchisdestroyedbysummerflood,birdsmaystartbuildingnestseveninlateJuly.ThisisindicatedbyincreasedactivityofmalesinSporovaandZvanetsinthelastdecadeofJuly. Increaseinwaterlevelby30-40cmfromtheinitialleadstoinundationofpracticallyallnests.

Table2Nestingphenology(startofincubation)ofAPinBelarus,1998(n=33)

2(),1998(=33)

10-19.V12

20-31.V12

1-9.VI4

10-19.VI0

20-31.VI1

1-9.VII3

10-19.VII1

20-31.VII0

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 14

1999 Fenmiresandthebenefitofmobility:(Acrocephaluspaludicola)

DENSITYOFSINGINGMALESDensityofAPunderstableconditionsinthemire(noactualimpactoffloodsandfires)

correspondstothecarryingcapacityoftheenvironmentanddependsonthetrophiclevelandthe corresponding vegetation structure (Tab.1). The highest density is observed in mirescharacterisedbyelevatedwatermineralization levelandhigheroxygencontent(YaseldaandZvanets).Lowerdensityisobservedintrophic-poormires:DikoeandSporova(Tab.3).

StabilityofdensityintheDikoemiremakes itpossibletoassumethatthedensitywillremainunchangedindifferentyearswithabsenceoffiresandinundationinthearea.Inthoseareasofmireswhichsufferedfromspringburningofvegetation,APdensitydropstotheminimumlevelandtheinitiallevelisre-introducedgradually.Intheyearofburningthedensitywasminimal,overoneyeaVitwas50%ofthepotential,anditwasrestoredcompletelyonlytwoyearsafterthefire(Tab.3).

Table3ChangeofAcrocephaluspaludicoladensity(singingmales/kml)indifferentyears.(0)-inlatewinter/springofthisyearburningofvegetationwasperformed(-1)-burningofvegetationwasperformedinthepreviousyear50-densitycorrespondstothecarryingcapacityoftheenvironment(morethan2yearselapsedsincethelastfire)

3(/2).(0)-/(-1)-50-()

Sitename(1)

Yaselda(Peschanka)Yaselda(Kostuki)

ZvanetsSporovoDikoe

Dateofcounts,densityinsingingmales/kml(2)May1995

45 (-1)

May1996135

62

May199725

135

50

May1998

(0)35954052.5

(1).(2),/2

Dependingonthecharacterofreliefanddurationandheightoftheflood, increaseinwaterlevelleadseithertore-distributionofdensityinthesamemireortocompleteabandonmentofsites,beingnotlongersuitablefornesting,andmigrationtoothermires(Tab.4).Forexample,waterlevelincreaseinZvanetsstartedinlateJune/earlyJuly1998andreacheditspeakinmid-July.WaterlevelremainedhighuptotheendofJuly.InthebeginningofJuly-whenmostbirdslaysecondclutch-themajorityofnestswasinundated.However,therestillremainedlimitedareassuitablefornesting:especiallyhighCarexappropinquatetussocksonreliefelevations(aroundislandsandlessexpressedelevations).Apparently,asignificantproportionoffemales

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 15

KozulinA.V.,M.Flade&W.W.Gritschik

continuedbuildingnewnestsintheendofJuly,whichisindicatedbyhighactivityofmalesattheendofthebreedingseason. IntheYaseldafloodplainmire rapid increaseinwaterlevelwastakingplaceon 9-11July1998.On 9-10July,4nestswithfreshclutcheswerefound,allofwhichwerecompletelyinundatedonJuly11.Afterallplacessuitablefornestingwereflooded,thebirdsabandonedthispartoftheYaseldafloodplaincompletely(2,500ha).Apparentlytheymovedtoanotherplot in the floodplain located 10-20 kmfurtherdownstreamaround LakeSporovskoye.Thisisprovedbymorethantwo-timeincreaseindensityofsingingmalesintheSporovastudyplotby22July(Tab.4).Singingmaleswerealsonoticedinotherratherunfavourablemireparts,wheretheywerequiteinfrequentearlierinMayandJune.Despitebadweather-rainandwind-malesweresingingquiteintensivelyinthesecondhalfofthedayandatnight.Suchsuper-activityismorecommoninmid-May,whenmostfemaleslayclutches.ThesedataindicatetheabilityofAPtomovetonewplaces inthemiddleofitsbreedingperiodandgetdowntobreedingforthesecondtime.

Table4Changesindensityofsingingmales(perkm)inBelarusianfenmiresthroughoutthebreedingseasonin1998.

4(km)1998.

Sitename(1)

Yaselda(Peschanka)Yaselda(Kostuki)Sporova (Kokoritsa)Zvanets

DikoeProstyr

Plotsize(ha)

6840401228040

DateofcountsDensityinsingingmales/kml(3)

May21-2970.535409546.20

June22-266235

91.652.50

July20-25009510012

0(1).(2). (3),/2

DISCUSSIONTheanalysisofdensityofrevealstwomajorfactorsdeterminingthedensity,breeding

successandpopulationsizeindifferentyears.Thesefactorsare:changesinwaterlevelinthemireduringbreedingperiod,andspringburningofvegetation.

In lowland mires summer floods in time ofabundant precipitation are a commonphenomenon.Analysisofprecipitationdistribution in the region indifferentyearsallowsforassumptionthatsummerfloodsoccurhere5timeswithin10yearsinaverage(Loginov1996).SpringburningofvegetationintheYaseldaandZvanetsmires,whichareusedforhaycutting,isperformedatsomeplotsorinthewholemirepracticallyeveryyear.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 16

1999 Fenmiresandthebenefitofmobility:(Acrocephaluspaludicola)

Thuswesuppose,thatformationofthebiologyofAPwasconstantlyinfluencedbythetwomentionedfactors.Summerfloodsresultedininundationofthewholeareaofthemireorpartsofit.Survivalofthespeciesundersuchconditionsrequiresabilitytomovetoothermiresorperform"redistribution"movetomoreelevatedareaswithinthemireduringthebreedingseason.Theabsenceofpairbondsaswellasterritorialityimprovesmobilityandflexibilityoftheentirepopulationandthusimprovestheabilitytobreedinaquick-changinghabitatenvironment,whichatthesametimesuppliessufficientfoodto rearthejuvenilesbyoneadultonly.Suchquickandflexiblechangeofthenestingplace ishardlyfeasible in territorialbirdsnesting inpairsduetodifferentreasons.Toperformsuchamove,pairsmustbeabletosynchronisethemigrationbehaviourofbothpartnersor,incaseofsolitarymigration,mustbeabletoformnewpairsveryquickly.

Weassume,thatinconditionswhenregularchangeofthenestingplaceisnecessary,naturalselectionhasledtotheformationofauniquebreedingsystemamongAquaticWarblers,thatpresupposesseparationoffunctionsofmaleandfemale.Suchbehaviourenablesbirdstorelativelysuccessfulbreedinginanunstableenvironment.Incaseofinundationofthe(potential)nestingplaces,malesandfemalesmaymoveoverconsiderabledistances(uptotensorhundredsofkm)autonomouslyfromeachother.Innewsites,alreadyinhabitedbymaleAP,new-comingfemalescanimmediatelystarttocopulatewithmalesandgetdowntonestingrightafterwards.New-comingmalescaneasilyfindanewsiteforthemselves,sincetheoldmalesdonotdefendtheirterritory.Apartfromthis,absenceofterritorialityandpairsenablefemalestomakemoreeffectiveuseofhighlyproductivemireareas,i.e.formlocalgroupswithhighconcentrationofnestsatplaceswithhigherinsects'productivityorinareasnotoccupiedbywater.Theabilitytoestablishlocalnestgroupsisimportantnotonlyforcasesofpartialinundationofmires,butalsoinmiretractsconsistingofmosaicsofburnedandunbumedplots.

Duringevolution,theecosystemoffenmiresandthematingsystemofAPmighthavedevelopedsimultaneously.Absenceofregularflooding, fireorstrongoscillationofthemiresurfaceinevitablyleadstoovergrowingofthefenbybushesandswampforests(e.g.aldercarr)or leads toformingofoligotrophic raisedbogs.Within thisconstraintsevolutionofAP tookplace.

REFERENCESDyrcz,A.1989.PolygynyintheAquaticWarblerAcrocephaluspaludicola.Ibis131:298-

300.Dyrcz,A.1994.WodniczkaAcrocephaluspaludicola(Vieill.)-ptakniezwyklejbiologii

rozrodu.Wiadomosciecologiczne.3:177-185.Dyrcz,A.&Zdunek,W. 1993.BreedingecologyoftheAquaticWarblerAcrocephalus

paludicolaontheBiebrzaMarshes,northeastPoland.Ibis135:181-189.Heise,G.1970.ZurBrutbiologiedesSeggenrohrsangers(Acrocephaluspaludicola).J.

Orn.111:54-67.Kozulin,A.&Flade,M.1999.Breedinghabitat,abundanceandconservationstatusof

theAquaticWarbler/4crocepfia/uspaludicolainBelarus.Vogelwelt120:97-111.Loginov,V.(ed.)1996:ClimateofBelarus.Minsk.Schulze-Hagen, K., Flinks, H. & Dyrcz, A.1989. Brutzeitliche Beutewahl beim

SeggenrohrsangerAcrocephaluspaludicola.J.Orn.130:251-255.Schulze-Hagen,K.,Swatschek,I.,Dyrcz,A.&Wink,M.1993.MultipleVaterschaftenin

BrutendesSeggenrohrsangers:ErsteErgebnissedesDNA-Fingerprinting.J.Orn.134:145-154.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 17

KozulinA.V.,M.Flade&W.W.Gritschik

continuedbuildingnewnestsintheendofJuly,whichisindicatedbyhighactivityofmalesattheendofthebreedingseason. IntheYaseldafloodplainmire rapid increaseinwaterlevelwastakingplaceon 9-11July1998.On 9-10July,4nestswithfreshclutcheswerefound,allofwhichwerecompletelyinundatedonJuly11.Afterallplacessuitablefornestingwereflooded,thebirdsabandonedthispartoftheYaseldafloodplaincompletely(2,500ha).Apparentlytheymovedtoanotherplot in the floodplain located 10-20 kmfurtherdownstreamaround LakeSporovskoye.Thisisprovedbymorethantwo-timeincreaseindensityofsingingmalesintheSporovastudyplotby22July(Tab.4).Singingmaleswerealsonoticedinotherratherunfavourablemireparts,wheretheywerequiteinfrequentearlierinMayandJune.Despitebadweather-rainandwind-malesweresingingquiteintensivelyinthesecondhalfofthedayandatnight.Suchsuper-activityismorecommoninmid-May,whenmostfemaleslayclutches.ThesedataindicatetheabilityofAPtomovetonewplaces inthemiddleofitsbreedingperiodandgetdowntobreedingforthesecondtime.

Table4Changesindensityofsingingmales(perkm)inBelarusianfenmiresthroughoutthebreedingseasonin1998.

4(km)1998.

Sitename(1)

Yaselda(Peschanka)Yaselda(Kostuki)Sporova (Kokoritsa)Zvanets

DikoeProstyr

Plotsize(ha)

6840401228040

DateofcountsDensityinsingingmales/kml(3)

May21-2970.535409546.20

June22-266235

91.652.50

July20-25009510012

0(1).(2). (3),/2

DISCUSSIONTheanalysisofdensityofrevealstwomajorfactorsdeterminingthedensity,breeding

successandpopulationsizeindifferentyears.Thesefactorsare:changesinwaterlevelinthemireduringbreedingperiod,andspringburningofvegetation.

In lowland mires summer floods in time ofabundant precipitation are a commonphenomenon.Analysisofprecipitationdistribution in the region indifferentyearsallowsforassumptionthatsummerfloodsoccurhere5timeswithin10yearsinaverage(Loginov1996).SpringburningofvegetationintheYaseldaandZvanetsmires,whichareusedforhaycutting,isperformedatsomeplotsorinthewholemirepracticallyeveryyear.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 16

1999 Fenmiresandthebenefitofmobility:(Acrocephaluspaludicola)

Thuswesuppose,thatformationofthebiologyofAPwasconstantlyinfluencedbythetwomentionedfactors.Summerfloodsresultedininundationofthewholeareaofthemireorpartsofit.Survivalofthespeciesundersuchconditionsrequiresabilitytomovetoothermiresorperform"redistribution"movetomoreelevatedareaswithinthemireduringthebreedingseason.Theabsenceofpairbondsaswellasterritorialityimprovesmobilityandflexibilityoftheentirepopulationandthusimprovestheabilitytobreedinaquick-changinghabitatenvironment,whichatthesametimesuppliessufficientfoodto rearthejuvenilesbyoneadultonly.Suchquickandflexiblechangeofthenestingplace ishardlyfeasible in territorialbirdsnesting inpairsduetodifferentreasons.Toperformsuchamove,pairsmustbeabletosynchronisethemigrationbehaviourofbothpartnersor,incaseofsolitarymigration,mustbeabletoformnewpairsveryquickly.

Weassume,thatinconditionswhenregularchangeofthenestingplaceisnecessary,naturalselectionhasledtotheformationofauniquebreedingsystemamongAquaticWarblers,thatpresupposesseparationoffunctionsofmaleandfemale.Suchbehaviourenablesbirdstorelativelysuccessfulbreedinginanunstableenvironment.Incaseofinundationofthe(potential)nestingplaces,malesandfemalesmaymoveoverconsiderabledistances(uptotensorhundredsofkm)autonomouslyfromeachother.Innewsites,alreadyinhabitedbymaleAP,new-comingfemalescanimmediatelystarttocopulatewithmalesandgetdowntonestingrightafterwards.New-comingmalescaneasilyfindanewsiteforthemselves,sincetheoldmalesdonotdefendtheirterritory.Apartfromthis,absenceofterritorialityandpairsenablefemalestomakemoreeffectiveuseofhighlyproductivemireareas,i.e.formlocalgroupswithhighconcentrationofnestsatplaceswithhigherinsects'productivityorinareasnotoccupiedbywater.Theabilitytoestablishlocalnestgroupsisimportantnotonlyforcasesofpartialinundationofmires,butalsoinmiretractsconsistingofmosaicsofburnedandunbumedplots.

Duringevolution,theecosystemoffenmiresandthematingsystemofAPmighthavedevelopedsimultaneously.Absenceofregularflooding, fireorstrongoscillationofthemiresurfaceinevitablyleadstoovergrowingofthefenbybushesandswampforests(e.g.aldercarr)or leads toformingofoligotrophic raisedbogs.Within thisconstraintsevolutionofAP tookplace.

REFERENCESDyrcz,A.1989.PolygynyintheAquaticWarblerAcrocephaluspaludicola.Ibis131:298-

300.Dyrcz,A.1994.WodniczkaAcrocephaluspaludicola(Vieill.)-ptakniezwyklejbiologii

rozrodu.Wiadomosciecologiczne.3:177-185.Dyrcz,A.&Zdunek,W. 1993.BreedingecologyoftheAquaticWarblerAcrocephalus

paludicolaontheBiebrzaMarshes,northeastPoland.Ibis135:181-189.Heise,G.1970.ZurBrutbiologiedesSeggenrohrsangers(Acrocephaluspaludicola).J.

Orn.111:54-67.Kozulin,A.&Flade,M.1999.Breedinghabitat,abundanceandconservationstatusof

theAquaticWarbler/4crocepfia/uspaludicolainBelarus.Vogelwelt120:97-111.Loginov,V.(ed.)1996:ClimateofBelarus.Minsk.Schulze-Hagen, K., Flinks, H. & Dyrcz, A.1989. Brutzeitliche Beutewahl beim

SeggenrohrsangerAcrocephaluspaludicola.J.Orn.130:251-255.Schulze-Hagen,K.,Swatschek,I.,Dyrcz,A.&Wink,M.1993.MultipleVaterschaftenin

BrutendesSeggenrohrsangers:ErsteErgebnissedesDNA-Fingerprinting.J.Orn.134:145-154.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 17

-

..,..

,

27,220072, Belarus.

131. 18 , . 100 . .

ABSTRACTDzmitranokM.G.,Dombrovski V.C.Theornithofaunaof forest-mirecomplex in interfluveofDrut'andBerezynarivers.

Data on 131birdspecies andcoloniesofwadersare reported. Statusanddistribution of18speciesincludedinBelarusRedDataBookaregiven.ThesouthernborderofbreedingrangeofEurasianGoldenPloverisdisplaced100kmtosouth.Anestingof Wlximbrelissupposed.

,,,

.

- -.

-45,7%, -67,7%,(15,5%),(4%),(2,5%),(1,1%).,. 10% .,-.

...

1925., (, 1928).

(,1958,,1966).

.

1995-1999 . 17

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 18

1999 --

50 , 3- 1996 . 600 . --,

-.

.1.-I-;II-;III-.1-..;2-- 1 ;3--2;4-;5-;6-;7-;8-().-;-;-. 1:400000Figure1.Mapofmire-tractsofinterfluveofDrut'andBeresynarivers1-Slavnoyemire-tract;II-Zaozeryemire-tract;III-Duleby-islandsmire-tract;1-themirenearvZalazye;2-Dubovoye-1mire;3-Dubovoye-2mire;4-Visokoyemire;5-Mokhovoyemire;6-Shcheglovitovshinamire;7-VelikyLogmire;8-Sazhalkimire.a-mires;-lakes;-investigatedarea.Scale 1:400000

,

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 19

-

..,..

,

27,220072, Belarus.

131. 18 , . 100 . .

ABSTRACTDzmitranokM.G.,Dombrovski V.C.Theornithofaunaof forest-mirecomplex in interfluveofDrut'andBerezynarivers.

Data on 131birdspecies andcoloniesofwadersare reported. Statusanddistribution of18speciesincludedinBelarusRedDataBookaregiven.ThesouthernborderofbreedingrangeofEurasianGoldenPloverisdisplaced100kmtosouth.Anestingof Wlximbrelissupposed.

,,,

.

- -.

-45,7%, -67,7%,(15,5%),(4%),(2,5%),(1,1%).,. 10% .,-.

...

1925., (, 1928).

(,1958,,1966).

.

1995-1999 . 17

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 18

1999 --

50 , 3- 1996 . 600 . --,

-.

.1.-I-;II-;III-.1-..;2-- 1 ;3--2;4-;5-;6-;7-;8-().-;-;-. 1:400000Figure1.Mapofmire-tractsofinterfluveofDrut'andBeresynarivers1-Slavnoyemire-tract;II-Zaozeryemire-tract;III-Duleby-islandsmire-tract;1-themirenearvZalazye;2-Dubovoye-1mire;3-Dubovoye-2mire;4-Visokoyemire;5-Mokhovoyemire;6-Shcheglovitovshinamire;7-VelikyLogmire;8-Sazhalkimire.a-mires;-lakes;-investigatedarea.Scale 1:400000

,

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 19

..,..

-(4,1.).,

,

.

-,,.

-

. , -,

,.

.3,6...().-,

--.

-----

.,

.

.

.

..5.. , -

.

,.

.

,,.

-

.

.

, (.1) , ,,.

.., ..,

.., .., .., .., ..,

.. ; .. , ..

...

1. . -

131 , 105 , 8 (.1). ,

-.,

,36,

:,,,

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 20

..,.. vol.l(1)

.

,,

.8 (. 2).

,,

,.,

,-,

.,,

,

, .

(5)(1-2)..

, (.2).

.

-2 .(5-7.05.1998.),.

,-,

-.,

,.

-

-.

,.

.

, ,

.

:--------.

"

'',7..

,

.

2..,

, 3-5 (20). 12 - 13.06.1995 . .("") ().

. 75 ()7.05.1998 . ().

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 21

..,..

-(4,1.).,

,

.

-,,.

-

. , -,

,.

.3,6...().-,

--.

-----

.,

.

.

.

..5.. , -

.

,.

.

,,.

-

.

.

, (.1) , ,,.

.., ..,

.., .., .., .., ..,

.. ; .. , ..

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1. . -

131 , 105 , 8 (.1). ,

-.,

,36,

:,,,

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 20

..,.. vol.l(1)

.

,,

.8 (. 2).

,,

,.,

,-,

.,,

,

, .

(5)(1-2)..

, (.2).

.

-2 .(5-7.05.1998.),.

,-,

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.

:--------.

"

'',7..

,

.

2..,

, 3-5 (20). 12 - 13.06.1995 . .("") ().

. 75 ()7.05.1998 . ().

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 21

1999 --

.17.06.1996.("").

.

.19961998.-.7.05.1998..-1..

. -

.,19962,-1997,1998.8.05.1998....

"",

.

,1998.,

().. -

.

. ,

,,.17.06.1996.. 5, . .

,-6.05.1998.-2,.

.

.,

"".

2- , .

.

, - (,,1967).,2-.8.05.1998.,, . .

,,.5,06.1998..,

.,

.

,

.

.

(,,1990).

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 22

..,..

23.04.1997.()., -

100 . -,

,

.

1.-

-( !,)

Table1.Statusanddistributionofbirdsinforest-miretractofinterfluveofDrut'and

Berezynarivers(BelarusRedDataBookspeciesareallocatedbyasterisk).N-nesting;V-visitor;?-statusunknown;S-forestsandclearing;F-fields;L-lakes;+-rare;++-notnumerous;+++-common

1. Phalacrocorax carbo2. Ardea cinerea3. Ciconia nigra4.Ciconia ciconia5.Anser fabalis6. Anser albifrons7.-Anas crecca8. Anas platyrhynchos9.-Anasquerquedula10. Aythya fuligula11.Melanittanigra12. Bucephala clangula13. Mergus merganser14. Pernis apivorus15.Circaetusqallicue16. Circus aeruginosus17. Circus cyaneus18.Circus pygargus19. Accipiter gentilis20. Accipiter nisus21. Buteo buteo22.3Buteo lagopus

VVWVVVNN,N?NV

NVNNNNNNNNV

S-

-

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+++++

-

-

-

+++

+++

-

F-

-

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

++

-

++

++++

-

-

+++

-

-

++

-

++++++++

-

-

-

-

-

+++

++++

+++++

+

+++

L+

-

-

-

-

-

+++++++++++

+++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Subbuteo1999,2N1 23

1999 --

.17.06.1996.("").

.

.19961998.-.7.05.1998..-1..

. -

.,19962,-1997,1998.8.05.1998....

"",

.

,1998.,

().. -

.

. ,

,,.17.06.1996.. 5, . .

,-6.05.1998.-2,.

.

.,

"".

2- , .

.

, - (,,1967).,2-.8.05.1998.,, . .

,,.5,06.1998..,

.,

.

,

.

.

(,,1990).

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 22

..,..

23.04.1997.()., -

100 . -,

,

.

1.-

-( !,)

Table1.Statusanddistributionofbirdsinforest-miretractofinterfluveofDrut'and

Berezynarivers(BelarusRedDataBookspeciesareallocatedbyasterisk).N-nesting;V-visitor;?-statusunknown;S-forestsandclearing;F-fields;L-lakes;+-rare;++-notnumerous;+++-common

1. Phalacrocorax carbo2. Ardea cinerea3. Ciconia nigra4.Ciconia ciconia5.Anser fabalis6. Anser albifrons7.-Anas crecca8. Anas platyrhynchos9.-Anasquerquedula10. Aythya fuligula11.Melanittanigra12. Bucephala clangula13. Mergus merganser14. Pernis apivorus15.Circaetusqallicue16. Circus aeruginosus17. Circus cyaneus18.Circus pygargus19. Accipiter gentilis20. Accipiter nisus21. Buteo buteo22.3Buteo lagopus

VVWVVVNN,N?NV

NVNNNNNNNNV

S-

-

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+++++

-

-

-

+++

+++

-

F-

-

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

++

-

++

++++

-

-

+++

-

-

++

-

++++++++

-

-

-

-

-

+++

++++

+++++

+

+++

L+

-

-

-

-

-

+++++++++++

+++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Subbuteo1999,2N1 23

1999 --

Subbuteo1999,2N1 24

.., .. vol.1(1)

59. Glaucidium passerinum60. Aeqolius funereus61. Caprimulqus europaeus62. Apus apus63. Upupa epops64. Jynx torquilla65. Picus canus66. Dryocopus martius67. Dendrocopos major68. Dendrocopos leucotos69. Dendrocoposminor70. Picoides tridactylus71.Lullulaarborea72. Alauda arvensis73. Hirundorustica74. Anthustrivialis75. Anthuspratensis76. Motacilla flava77.Motacillacitreola78. Motacilla alba79. Bombycillagarrulus80. Troqlogytestroglodytes81.Prunellamodularis82. Erithacus rubecula83. Phoenicurus phoenicurus84.Saxicola rubetra85. Turdusmerula86. Turdus philomelos87. Turdus iliacus88. Turdusviscivorus89. Turduspilaris90. Locustella fluviatilis91.Hippolais icterina92. -Sylvia curruca

N

NN

NN,NNNNN

NNNNVNNN

N

NVNNN

N

NNNNNNN

N

N

+

++

+++

+++

-

++

+++

+++

+++

++

+++

++

++

-

-

+++

-

-

-

++

-

+++

++

+++

+++

-

+++

+++

++

+++

++

++

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+++

-

-

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

++

-

++

+++

+++

-

-

++

++

+++

+++

+

-

-

+++

+++

+++

+++

+

+++

+++

+++

-

-

-

+

+++

-

-

-

+++

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Subbuteo1999,2N1 25

1999 --

Subbuteo1999,2N1 24

.., .. vol.1(1)

59. Glaucidium passerinum60. Aeqolius funereus61. Caprimulqus europaeus62. Apus apus63. Upupa epops64. Jynx torquilla65. Picus canus66. Dryocopus martius67. Dendrocopos major68. Dendrocopos leucotos69. Dendrocoposminor70. Picoides tridactylus71.Lullulaarborea72. Alauda arvensis73. Hirundorustica74. Anthustrivialis75. Anthuspratensis76. Motacilla flava77.Motacillacitreola78. Motacilla alba79. Bombycillagarrulus80. Troqlogytestroglodytes81.Prunellamodularis82. Erithacus rubecula83. Phoenicurus phoenicurus84.Saxicola rubetra85. Turdusmerula86. Turdus philomelos87. Turdus iliacus88. Turdusviscivorus89. Turduspilaris90. Locustella fluviatilis91.Hippolais icterina92. -Sylvia curruca

N

NN

NN,NNNNN

NNNNVNNN

N

NVNNN

N

NNNNNNN

N

N

+

++

+++

+++

-

++

+++

+++

+++

++

+++

++

++

-

-

+++

-

-

-

++

-

+++

++

+++

+++

-

+++

+++

++

+++

++

++

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+++

-

-

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

++

-

++

+++

+++

-

-

++

++

+++

+++

+

-

-

+++

+++

+++

+++

+

+++

+++

+++

-

-

-

+

+++

-

-

-

+++

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Subbuteo1999,2N1 25

1999 --

93.Sylviacommunis94.Sylviaborin95.Sylviaatricapilla96.Phylloscopustrochiloides97.-Phylloscopussibilatrix98.-Phylloscopuscollybita99.-Phylloscopustrochilus100.Requlus regulus101.Muscicapastriata102. Ficedulaparva103.-Ficedula hypoleuca104.Aeqithalos caudatus105.Paruspalustris106. Parusmontanus107.Paruscristatus108.Parusater109.Paruscaeruleus110. Parusmajor111.Sittaeuropaea112.Certhiafamiliaris113.Oriolusoriolus114.Laniuscollurio115.Laniusexcubitor116.Garrulusglandarius117.Nucifragacaryocatactes118.Corvuscomix119.Corvuscorax120.Sturnusvulgaris121.Frinqillacoelebs

NNNN

N

N

N

NNNN

NNNNNNNN

N

NNNNNVNN

+++

+++

+++

++

+++

+++

+++

+++

+++

++

+++

+++

+

+++

++++++

+++

+++

+++

+++

+

+++

++

+++

+

-

+++

++

N I +++

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

++

-

-

-

-

-

+++

-

-

-

-

-

-

++

++

-

++

-

+++

+++

+

++++++

-

+++

-

-

-

-

+

+++

++

-

+

+++

-

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 26

..,..

122.Chlorischloris123.Cardueliscarduelis124.Spinusspinus125.Acanthiscannabina126.-Loxiacurvirostra127.Carpodapjserythrinus128.Pyrrhulapyrrhula129.Coccothraustescoccothraustes130.Emberiza citrinella131.Emberiza schoeniclus

V

VNV

V,N?N

N

N

N

N

-

-

+++

.

++

++

+++

+

++

-

-

-

-

.

.

-

-

-

-

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

:N-;V-;?-;S-;F-;-;L-;+-;++-;+++-.

Subbuteo1999, TOM2N1 27

1999 --

93.Sylviacommunis94.Sylviaborin95.Sylviaatricapilla96.Phylloscopustrochiloides97.-Phylloscopussibilatrix98.-Phylloscopuscollybita99.-Phylloscopustrochilus100.Requlus regulus101.Muscicapastriata102. Ficedulaparva103.-Ficedula hypoleuca104.Aeqithalos caudatus105.Paruspalustris106. Parusmontanus107.Paruscristatus108.Parusater109.Paruscaeruleus110. Parusmajor111.Sittaeuropaea112.Certhiafamiliaris113.Oriolusoriolus114.Laniuscollurio115.Laniusexcubitor116.Garrulusglandarius117.Nucifragacaryocatactes118.Corvuscomix119.Corvuscorax120.Sturnusvulgaris121.Frinqillacoelebs

NNNN

N

N

N

NNNN

NNNNNNNN

N

NNNNNVNN

+++

+++

+++

++

+++

+++

+++

+++

+++

++

+++

+++

+

+++

++++++

+++

+++

+++

+++

+

+++

++

+++

+

-

+++

++

N I +++

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

++

-

-

-

-

-

+++

-

-

-

-

-

-

++

++

-

++

-

+++

+++

+

++++++

-

+++

-

-

-

-

+

+++

++

-

+

+++

-

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 26

..,..

122.Chlorischloris123.Cardueliscarduelis124.Spinusspinus125.Acanthiscannabina126.-Loxiacurvirostra127.Carpodapjserythrinus128.Pyrrhulapyrrhula129.Coccothraustescoccothraustes130.Emberiza citrinella131.Emberiza schoeniclus

V

VNV

V,N?N

N

N

N

N

-

-

+++

.

++

++

+++

+

++

-

-

-

-

.

.

-

-

-

-

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

:N-;V-;?-;S-;F-;-;L-;+-;++-;+++-.

Subbuteo1999, TOM2N1 27

1999 --

2. ( )

.()

Table2.Speciescompositionandnumberofbirds(inpairs)incolonies.Estimatednum

berforfacultativecolonialspecies(inpairs)isgiveninbracket.(1)species;(2)nameofmires.

(1)

Pluvialis apricaria

Vanellus vanellus

Gailinapo gallinago

Limosa limosa

Numenius phaeopus

Numeniusarguata

Tringa totanus

Tringa nebularia

Tringaglareola

Larus canus

(2).

.-

1-2(1-2)1

-

-

-

-

1

2-3(3-5)3-4(4-7)

1(1-3)4

4(4-7)2-3

-

1-2

4-6

1-2(5-10)4-5(6-10)2

-

-2

1(1-2)

2-3(3-5)3-4

-

1-2

1-31

(2-3)3-4(6-9)3

-

2

3(3-5)5

-

1

3-4

1(1-3)3-4(5-8)

(2)12

(15-25)4-5

1(1-2)1

1

2-3

3-5

2(3-7)6

(6-10)-

3(6-10)3

-

1

-

-

1

1-3(3-6)4

(4-8)

-

2

(5-8)1

-

-

2-31-2(2-3)2-3(3-4)

Total

24-42

19-21

16-27

13-15

1

5-8

15-23

19-37

34-56

5

1-3,,(.2.). , 2(25-30).,,725.

( ) .25.05.1997.,,

.9.06.1998..

100 , -

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 28

..,..

(.1997)..

. 4- (.2).

(),-

-

.

-1,'

,

.

.

(,1996).-.

23.04.1997.,.6.05.1998. -2 , ,.

7.05.1998.,

. ,

.

,

100. . -

.,

- .

3 (17-18.06.1996 .) . .

.22.04.1997.,.

.

.

( 1997), 4-5 200.

.1 25.09.98

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 29

1999 --

2. ( )

.()

Table2.Speciescompositionandnumberofbirds(inpairs)incolonies.Estimatednum

berforfacultativecolonialspecies(inpairs)isgiveninbracket.(1)species;(2)nameofmires.

(1)

Pluvialis apricaria

Vanellus vanellus

Gailinapo gallinago

Limosa limosa

Numenius phaeopus

Numeniusarguata

Tringa totanus

Tringa nebularia

Tringaglareola

Larus canus

(2).

.-

1-2(1-2)1

-

-

-

-

1

2-3(3-5)3-4(4-7)

1(1-3)4

4(4-7)2-3

-

1-2

4-6

1-2(5-10)4-5(6-10)2

-

-2

1(1-2)

2-3(3-5)3-4

-

1-2

1-31

(2-3)3-4(6-9)3

-

2

3(3-5)5

-

1

3-4

1(1-3)3-4(5-8)

(2)12

(15-25)4-5

1(1-2)1

1

2-3

3-5

2(3-7)6

(6-10)-

3(6-10)3

-

1

-

-

1

1-3(3-6)4

(4-8)

-

2

(5-8)1

-

-

2-31-2(2-3)2-3(3-4)

Total

24-42

19-21

16-27

13-15

1

5-8

15-23

19-37

34-56

5

1-3,,(.2.). , 2(25-30).,,725.

( ) .25.05.1997.,,

.9.06.1998..

100 , -

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 28

..,..

(.1997)..

. 4- (.2).

(),-

-

.

-1,'

,

.

.

(,1996).-.

23.04.1997.,.6.05.1998. -2 , ,.

7.05.1998.,

. ,

.

,

100. . -

.,

- .

3 (17-18.06.1996 .) . .

.22.04.1997.,.

.

.

( 1997), 4-5 200.

.1 25.09.98

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 29

1999 --

- .

. .

.3-1997., -21998.,25-26.09.1998..1(1998).

60-.,- .,

25-30(, 1966).,,.-

""

25.01.1995.(.). ,

.

.

"",.

..

1-2.. - (17.06,1997 .) (5.06.1998.).

, -

.

,,

.

,(,,).,

( ., 1996) ,

.

, .

,.

,

,

.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 30

..,..

:

, ... .., ..

: . - .: " ", 1996,-304.

., ..

//.-.,1990.-.30-36.1 .. 1 i

!1//|,.1..-1958-2.-.70-8,8.

..(Numeniusphaeopus) .//.., .-. . " ".-,1996.-.57.

.., .., .., ..

XXI:,,.-.,1997,-188...

1925.//i.II.-.,1928.-.78-102.

..,...-.,1967.-520....//

6-,..-,1966.-.152-153.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 31

1999 --

- .

. .

.3-1997., -21998.,25-26.09.1998..1(1998).

60-.,- .,

25-30(, 1966).,,.-

""

25.01.1995.(.). ,

.

.

"",.

..

1-2.. - (17.06,1997 .) (5.06.1998.).

, -

.

,,

.

,(,,).,

( ., 1996) ,

.

, .

,.

,

,

.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 30

..,..

:

, ... .., ..

: . - .: " ", 1996,-304.

., ..

//.-.,1990.-.30-36.1 .. 1 i

!1//|,.1..-1958-2.-.70-8,8.

..(Numeniusphaeopus) .//.., .-. . " ".-,1996.-.57.

.., .., .., ..

XXI:,,.-.,1997,-188...

1925.//i.II.-.,1928.-.78-102.

..,...-.,1967.-520....//

6-,..-,1966.-.152-153.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 31

..,..,..*

,.,27,220072,,Belarus

*-"",247980,..,-,.,Belarus

18 . . -

, , , , ,

.

ABSTRACTMonginE.A.,PinchukP.K,MorozS.V.New records of some rare birdspecies in thefloodplain ofthe PripiatRiver.

Datawerecollectedin1995-1998,andobservationswerecarriedoutmainlyintheTurauarea.Dataontheoccurrenceof18rarespeciesarereported,includingLittleEgret(Egrettagarzetta).BarnacleGoose(Brantaleucopsis),Black-wingedPranticole(Glareolanordmanni),Sandeiiing(Calidris alba), Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) and Pomarine Jaeger(Stercorariuspomarinus).

1995-1998..,..,

- .

,

.

(Egrettagarzetta).26.06.1998..-.

(Ardeapurpurea)242808.1998 . ...

(Brantaleucopsis). (2500) (Anseralbifrons) (A. fabalis) .. 20.03.1997.

(Aythya marila). () 28.02.1998....

(Melanittanigra).127.04.1996.... (Falco pereghnus). ( )

.

Subbuteo1999, TOM2N1 32

-16.01.1996.(Glareolanordmanni)...

20.08.1996.--.

(Pluvialissquatarola).(13.05.1995.-,19.05.1996.-2)(18.10.1997.-10)...,.

(Calidrisalba).22.05.1996....

-(Calidrisminuta)..3:12.06.1997.(6)9-10.06.1998.(62).. . M.Freude H.Meller, 3 .1996.

(Calidris temminckii) .(5-10 ) - . 1995 . -30.03.

(Calidrisferruginea).19961998.19963:19.05.-5,20.05-3 22.05.. 1998 . ,,:28,2930.05.()......

(Tringaerythropus)..2-3.-.

.

(Tringastagnatilis).. 1996 1998 . 1996 . 19.05. ...1998.19.05.,.

...-

3..

(Arenaria interpres). 1998 . 26.05.2()..29.05.1...4.06.() . . M.Freude H.Meller .1996.

(Phalaropuslobatus)19.05.1996...().

(Stercorariuspomarinus).()..6.08.1998.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 33

..,..,..*

,.,27,220072,,Belarus

*-"",247980,..,-,.,Belarus

18 . . -

, , , , ,

.

ABSTRACTMonginE.A.,PinchukP.K,MorozS.V.New records of some rare birdspecies in thefloodplain ofthe PripiatRiver.

Datawerecollectedin1995-1998,andobservationswerecarriedoutmainlyintheTurauarea.Dataontheoccurrenceof18rarespeciesarereported,includingLittleEgret(Egrettagarzetta).BarnacleGoose(Brantaleucopsis),Black-wingedPranticole(Glareolanordmanni),Sandeiiing(Calidris alba), Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) and Pomarine Jaeger(Stercorariuspomarinus).

1995-1998..,..,

- .

,

.

(Egrettagarzetta).26.06.1998..-.

(Ardeapurpurea)242808.1998 . ...

(Brantaleucopsis). (2500) (Anseralbifrons) (A. fabalis) .. 20.03.1997.

(Aythya marila). () 28.02.1998....

(Melanittanigra).127.04.1996.... (Falco pereghnus). ( )

.

Subbuteo1999, TOM2N1 32

-16.01.1996.(Glareolanordmanni)...

20.08.1996.--.

(Pluvialissquatarola).(13.05.1995.-,19.05.1996.-2)(18.10.1997.-10)...,.

(Calidrisalba).22.05.1996....

-(Calidrisminuta)..3:12.06.1997.(6)9-10.06.1998.(62).. . M.Freude H.Meller, 3 .1996.

(Calidris temminckii) .(5-10 ) - . 1995 . -30.03.

(Calidrisferruginea).19961998.19963:19.05.-5,20.05-3 22.05.. 1998 . ,,:28,2930.05.()......

(Tringaerythropus)..2-3.-.

.

(Tringastagnatilis).. 1996 1998 . 1996 . 19.05. ...1998.19.05.,.

...-

3..

(Arenaria interpres). 1998 . 26.05.2()..29.05.1...4.06.() . . M.Freude H.Meller .1996.

(Phalaropuslobatus)19.05.1996...().

(Stercorariuspomarinus).()..6.08.1998.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 33

(Sternacaspia). -.19971998....1997.21.04.(4),1998.9.04.(1)..

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 34

(Circusaeruginosus)

..*,..

,15,.4,.87,210032,.,.,..

1973-97.65. 4,19;3,722,56.650-700.

ABSTRACTIvanovskyV.V.,BiryukovV.P.MarshHarrier(Circusaeruginosus) inBelarusianPoozerye.

Dataarepresentedon65Marshharriernestingattemptsduring1973-97.Meanclutchsizewas4.19 (n=36), mean broodsize was 2.56 (n=33). The population in the Vitebsk region isestimatedas650-700breedingpairs.

- .

,

(,,1967;,1970;.,1989).

.

..,..,..,..,

.....

19731997.65.(94,4%),

,,,.

.

, ,

, -

- , , . ,

,,

85,7%,-6,7%.(482)-12.

.462. 5 7 .

.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 35

(Sternacaspia). -.19971998....1997.21.04.(4),1998.9.04.(1)..

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 34

(Circusaeruginosus)

..*,..

,15,.4,.87,210032,.,.,..

1973-97.65. 4,19;3,722,56.650-700.

ABSTRACTIvanovskyV.V.,BiryukovV.P.MarshHarrier(Circusaeruginosus) inBelarusianPoozerye.

Dataarepresentedon65Marshharriernestingattemptsduring1973-97.Meanclutchsizewas4.19 (n=36), mean broodsize was 2.56 (n=33). The population in the Vitebsk region isestimatedas650-700breedingpairs.

- .

,

(,,1967;,1970;.,1989).

.

..,..,..,..,

.....

19731997.65.(94,4%),

,,,.

.

, ,

, -

- , , . ,

,,

85,7%,-6,7%.(482)-12.

.462. 5 7 .

.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 35

.., ..

19781990.-4(-29.03.1990.18.04.1986.;=10)..

1.

30-100(64).():40-80(58),15-35(26),18-25(21),3-7(5).,,,

(,,).,,,.

.

,10-40.,.

300-800.3(,),.

522, 17 (. 1).(=36)26(4,191,00).5,5%,-16,7%,-38,9%,-30,6%,-8,3%.(=93)49,241,7838,371,10;54,138,648,041,3;-46,038,546,136,0.36.

2812(6).(=33)2-5,3,721,03.,..""11-12%.

34-42.1023,17.2-5,2,561,52(=25)3,041,11(=21).23,8%,-38,1%, 9,5 % - 4,8 % . - (unicolor)(24.07.1988..). "" ,

.

.,

,,,.

,26, 84,6%..

26.07.90.(),400.

.

03.09.86.()1,.18.09.75...

-.

, ,

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 36

1999

,

, - -.

650-700.,

( .,1981), .

.

..,..,AdepuxoB.C.,.,..,

// , .-.,1981.-.182-187.

A.M.(-)//.-.,1970,.1.-.37-79.

..,..,..:-.-.:,1989.-479.

..,...-:,1967.-520.

.1.(1973-1997.) ^Figure1.BreedingphenologyofMarshinBelarusianPoozerye(1973-1997).(1)Courtshipandnestbuilding;(2)Incubation;(3)Chick-rearing;(4)Post-fledgingperiod.

++++++++++++

************************************************

I I I I

arpil may June July august

.(1),,**************.|2),=========-(3),+++++++++-(4).

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 37

.., ..

19781990.-4(-29.03.1990.18.04.1986.;=10)..

1.

30-100(64).():40-80(58),15-35(26),18-25(21),3-7(5).,,,

(,,).,,,.

.

,10-40.,.

300-800.3(,),.

522, 17 (. 1).(=36)26(4,191,00).5,5%,-16,7%,-38,9%,-30,6%,-8,3%.(=93)49,241,7838,371,10;54,138,648,041,3;-46,038,546,136,0.36.

2812(6).(=33)2-5,3,721,03.,..""11-12%.

34-42.1023,17.2-5,2,561,52(=25)3,041,11(=21).23,8%,-38,1%, 9,5 % - 4,8 % . - (unicolor)(24.07.1988..). "" ,

.

.,

,,,.

,26, 84,6%..

26.07.90.(),400.

.

03.09.86.()1,.18.09.75...

-.

, ,

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 36

1999

,

, - -.

650-700.,

( .,1981), .

.

..,..,AdepuxoB.C.,.,..,

// , .-.,1981.-.182-187.

A.M.(-)//.-.,1970,.1.-.37-79.

..,..,..:-.-.:,1989.-479.

..,...-:,1967.-520.

.1.(1973-1997.) ^Figure1.BreedingphenologyofMarshinBelarusianPoozerye(1973-1997).(1)Courtshipandnestbuilding;(2)Incubation;(3)Chick-rearing;(4)Post-fledgingperiod.

++++++++++++

************************************************

I I I I

arpil may June July august

.(1),,**************.|2),=========-(3),+++++++++-(4).

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 37

1.

Table1Marshharrierabundanceondifferenttypesoflakes.(1)Lakearea(ha).(2)Typeoflakes:(3)mesotrophic,(4)eutrophic,(5)dystrophic,n-numberoflakesvisited,m-numberoflakeswithbreedingMarshHarriers(%)

()(1)

50

50-250

250

(2)(3)

2

6

7

15

m (%)

-

-

14,3%

6,7%

(4)

11

13

4

28

m (%)

9,1%

7,7%

75%

17,9%

(5)

4

2

1

7

m (%)

75%

2

100%

85,7

-,

m-.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 36

(Tringastagnatilis)

..,..*

...,.220050,,Belarus*.,220050,,Belarus

.

, .

i

ABSTRACTYurkoV.V.,GritschikW.W.MarshSandpiper(Tringastagnatilis)breedinginBelarus.

ThefirstbreedingrecordsofMarshSandpiperinBelarusarereported.Breedingisprovedinthesouthern(1996)andcentralregions(1996-1998)ofBelarus.Breedingphenologyisreported.AtabreedingsiteinMinsk,birdsarrivedon14"1AprilandIT11Aprilini997and1998respectively.Copulationwasobservedon25thApril1998;theincubationperiodwas21days.

...(1923),,.(.)",".

...

2.05.1928 . . (, .),(,1929;,1954).,..(1995)2.06.1971.. . ( . ) 22.04.1989 . ().,,,.

1.06.1996. .-.

,

.

.,

(, ). ,,

4(,1997).,80

, ,

.,,

-. ,

Subbuteo1999,2N1 39

1.

Table1Marshharrierabundanceondifferenttypesoflakes.(1)Lakearea(ha).(2)Typeoflakes:(3)mesotrophic,(4)eutrophic,(5)dystrophic,n-numberoflakesvisited,m-numberoflakeswithbreedingMarshHarriers(%)

()(1)

50

50-250

250

(2)(3)

2

6

7

15

m (%)

-

-

14,3%

6,7%

(4)

11

13

4

28

m (%)

9,1%

7,7%

75%

17,9%

(5)

4

2

1

7

m (%)

75%

2

100%

85,7

-,

m-.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 36

(Tringastagnatilis)

..,..*

...,.220050,,Belarus*.,220050,,Belarus

.

, .

i

ABSTRACTYurkoV.V.,GritschikW.W.MarshSandpiper(Tringastagnatilis)breedinginBelarus.

ThefirstbreedingrecordsofMarshSandpiperinBelarusarereported.Breedingisprovedinthesouthern(1996)andcentralregions(1996-1998)ofBelarus.Breedingphenologyisreported.AtabreedingsiteinMinsk,birdsarrivedon14"1AprilandIT11Aprilini997and1998respectively.Copulationwasobservedon25thApril1998;theincubationperiodwas21days.

...(1923),,.(.)",".

...

2.05.1928 . . (, .),(,1929;,1954).,..(1995)2.06.1971.. . ( . ) 22.04.1989 . ().,,,.

1.06.1996. .-.

,

.

.,

(, ). ,,

4(,1997).,80

, ,

.,,

-. ,

Subbuteo1999,2N1 39

..,..

, ;8,5.4,2.43-4, ,.

, ..

.:35,726,6;37,126,4;38,326,939,327,0.(): 12,2; 12,312,5. 70 , . ,

,,

.

1996. .11.,.

3-5,1. -,

,

, ,

,

.

,

.

(

) ,

; ,

,

8-10.

.,12.06.,3-5;, . 15.06..

.

1997-98..,.1997.

Subbuteo1999, TOM2N1 40

1999

14.04.6-8,1998.11.04., ,

.

, 25.04.98 ., 3,25.05.

,

.

.

,25.05.1997.,,4.25.: 38,027,6; 38,527,4;38,627,537,827,2.21 , 1*8..

,

.

:

...()//:.. .,.75-..-.,1997.-.63-66.

.:(),(),(),()IIiBenapyci,.4.-.,1929.-.59-79.

..://.-.,1995.-.13-35.

..: //,,.59,.4.-.17-22

..://.-1923,.6.-.76-97.

Subbuteo1999, TOM2N1 41

..,..

, ;8,5.4,2.43-4, ,.

, ..

.:35,726,6;37,126,4;38,326,939,327,0.(): 12,2; 12,312,5. 70 , . ,

,,

.

1996. .11.,.

3-5,1. -,

,

, ,

,

.

,

.

(

) ,

; ,

,

8-10.

.,12.06.,3-5;, . 15.06..

.

1997-98..,.1997.

Subbuteo1999, TOM2N1 40

1999

14.04.6-8,1998.11.04., ,

.

, 25.04.98 ., 3,25.05.

,

.

.

,25.05.1997.,,4.25.: 38,027,6; 38,527,4;38,627,537,827,2.21 , 1*8..

,

.

:

...()//:.. .,.75-..-.,1997.-.63-66.

.:(),(),(),()IIiBenapyci,.4.-.,1929.-.59-79.

..://.-.,1995.-.13-35.

..: //,,.59,.4.-.17-22

..://.-1923,.6.-.76-97.

Subbuteo1999, TOM2N1 41

(Asiootus)

..,..

,.,15-4-87,210032,Belarus

-

.

,

(,,1967; .,1993).

,

,

.

11.07.1985 . .. 29.10.1986...(49.0717.35). ,

1080 - .

.

,

.

"-"(.,,,1966;Galushin,1974). . ,

21.06.1996.(.)23.05.1997.,(-..(50.59N00.58) 1860--., , .. (1996), ().,,:.

1996 , - -

.

,-,..

(1973) , - .

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 42

,,-.

,

. ,

,

.

SUMMARYhanovskyV.V.,ShamovichD.I.DispersalofLong-earedOwls(Asiootus)originatingfromBelarus.

TworingingrecoveriesofLong-earedowlringedasnestlingsintheVitebskregion(Belarus)arediscussed.OnebirdwasrecoveredinCzechoslovakiainwinter,15monthsafterringing,and1080kmfrontitsnest-site.AnotherbirdwasfounddeadinEnglandinMay,11monthsafterleavingthenest,andI860kmfromthenest-site.ThesedatasuggestthatBelarusianLong-earedOwlsarenotsedentary.

: .. . : -

.-.:,1993.-400...-

//,1966,.27,2.-.196-208...//-

.-,1973.-.14-61....-.,1991.(.-,

.230).-233...,...-.:.-1967.-520

.

GalushinV.M.Synchronousfluctuationsinpopulationsofsomeraptorsandtheirprey//Ibis,1974,116,2.-P.127-134.

-(Cygnuscygnus)-

..,..

,..27,220072,Belarus

-,

( ., 1997). 1973.-(Dyrcz,1991),-(Hagemeijer&Blair,1997).

1998.(-,.).

Subbuteo1999, TOM2N1 43

(Asiootus)

..,..

,.,15-4-87,210032,Belarus

-

.

,

(,,1967; .,1993).

,

,

.

11.07.1985 . .. 29.10.1986...(49.0717.35). ,

1080 - .

.

,

.

"-"(.,,,1966;Galushin,1974). . ,

21.06.1996.(.)23.05.1997.,(-..(50.59N00.58) 1860--., , .. (1996), ().,,:.

1996 , - -

.

,-,..

(1973) , - .

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 42

,,-.

,

. ,

,

.

SUMMARYhanovskyV.V.,ShamovichD.I.DispersalofLong-earedOwls(Asiootus)originatingfromBelarus.

TworingingrecoveriesofLong-earedowlringedasnestlingsintheVitebskregion(Belarus)arediscussed.OnebirdwasrecoveredinCzechoslovakiainwinter,15monthsafterringing,and1080kmfrontitsnest-site.AnotherbirdwasfounddeadinEnglandinMay,11monthsafterleavingthenest,andI860kmfromthenest-site.ThesedatasuggestthatBelarusianLong-earedOwlsarenotsedentary.

: .. . : -

.-.:,1993.-400...-

//,1966,.27,2.-.196-208...//-

.-,1973.-.14-61....-.,1991.(.-,

.230).-233...,...-.:.-1967.-520

.

GalushinV.M.Synchronousfluctuationsinpopulationsofsomeraptorsandtheirprey//Ibis,1974,116,2.-P.127-134.

-(Cygnuscygnus)-

..,..

,..27,220072,Belarus

-,

( ., 1997). 1973.-(Dyrcz,1991),-(Hagemeijer&Blair,1997).

1998.(-,.).

Subbuteo1999, TOM2N1 43

23.04.

2,5..

250-300. 24 27 1,5-2 -

. ( 8 ) -. ,

,.

16233..

., 36-.

, , -

.

02.10.1998 . .. , , .

1,5-2. , -

7-8..,,,.

SUMMARYZhuravlevD..,PareikoO.A.ObservationsofWhooperSwans(Cygnuscygnus)inthePalessiaStateradio-ecologicalReserve.

SeveralbirdswereobsenedinthesamefloodedareainthecentralpartoftheReserveduring1998. Theserecordswere: 23.04.1998-onepair;24-27.04.1998-twopairs;16-23.05.1998-threepairs;03-06.06.1998-onepair;02.10.1998-threebirds.Breedinginthereservewasnotconfirmed.

:

.., .., ..,..

21.-.,1997.-.28.DyrczA.,W.Grabinski,.Stawarczyk,J.Witkowski.PtakiSlaska.-Wroclaw,1991.-s.

83-85.Hagemeijer E.J.M., BlairM.J. The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds: Their

DistributionandAbundance.-T&ADPoyser,London,1997.-903p.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 44

-(Haliaeetusalbicilla)-

..

,.27,220072,Belarus

24.04.1998 -,

.,

,216.20-60t=+20.

(?),,.200-300 , , , ,

. ,

,

,

.

. .(?). 2.,,""

,.-

.

.

,,

. 100 ,

.

.

,

"",

..

,

.

3011.1511.45..

.

-

,(Cramp&Simmons,1980).,3-,.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 45

23.04.

2,5..

250-300. 24 27 1,5-2 -

. ( 8 ) -. ,

,.

16233..

., 36-.

, , -

.

02.10.1998 . .. , , .

1,5-2. , -

7-8..,,,.

SUMMARYZhuravlevD..,PareikoO.A.ObservationsofWhooperSwans(Cygnuscygnus)inthePalessiaStateradio-ecologicalReserve.

SeveralbirdswereobsenedinthesamefloodedareainthecentralpartoftheReserveduring1998. Theserecordswere: 23.04.1998-onepair;24-27.04.1998-twopairs;16-23.05.1998-threepairs;03-06.06.1998-onepair;02.10.1998-threebirds.Breedinginthereservewasnotconfirmed.

:

.., .., ..,..

21.-.,1997.-.28.DyrczA.,W.Grabinski,.Stawarczyk,J.Witkowski.PtakiSlaska.-Wroclaw,1991.-s.

83-85.Hagemeijer E.J.M., BlairM.J. The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds: Their

DistributionandAbundance.-T&ADPoyser,London,1997.-903p.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 44

-(Haliaeetusalbicilla)-

..

,.27,220072,Belarus

24.04.1998 -,

.,

,216.20-60t=+20.

(?),,.200-300 , , , ,

. ,

,

,

.

. .(?). 2.,,""

,.-

.

.

,,

. 100 ,

.

.

,

"",

..

,

.

3011.1511.45..

.

-

,(Cramp&Simmons,1980).,3-,.

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 45

SUMMARYDombrovskiV.Ch.ObservationofararetypeofaerialcourtshipdisplayofWhite-tailedEagle(Haliaetus

albicilla) in the Palessia radio-ecologicalStateReserve.On24.04.1998anaerialcourtshipdisplayofWhite-tailedEagles,includingsuchrareelementsasTalon-graspingandMutual-cartwheeling,wasobservedduringaraptorcensusintheReserve.Unusually,threebirdswerepresentduringthedisplay,probablytwomalesandafemale.

:

CrampS.,SimmonsK.E.L. HandbookoftheBirdsofEuropetheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica.V.11.HawkstoBustards.OxfordUniversityPress,1980,695p.

1998.

..,..

,.27,220072,Belarus

-

.,19881993.15-(Haliaeetusalbicilla)(Aquilachrysaetos)(.,1995).

1998 . .

,

(,,..),.

-26, -.

-

,

.,

,.

.

14.-. 12.

,

,,

. ,

Subbuteo1999,TOM2N1 46

, ,

1/1502. ,

,40-60. ,10,,,.

:11.02.1998-,-

.;15.02.1998-,.;23.02/1998-.;23.02.1998-3, .

.

, -

. ,

, .