standard plain films: supine ap erect ap lt. lateral decubitus
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Standard plain films: supine AP erect AP Lt. lateral decubitus
gas pattern :intraluminal , intramural
Exrtraluminal gas
Soft tissue masses
Calcification
1. What segment ?2. The caliber ? 3. The most distal point ?4. The gut mucosa ? 5. Air - fluid levels ?
The stomach: Location Pattern fluid level
Small bowel
Caliber Location Pattern fluid levels
Large bowel Caliber Location Pattern fluid levels
The Location
Assessment of mucosal pattern :
1. Plicae circularis
2. Colonic haustra
Number of loops
Lower ileum & sigmoid colon ??
Usually seen in erect position Stomach
Duodenum
Small bowel
Large bowel
Mechanical obstruction
Paralytic ileus
Acute ischemia
Inflammatory bowel disease
-Causes :
-Features:
-Causes :
-Features:
Causes :
Features of dilated large & small bowel
Gas is seen within the rectum
Causes :
Features
Sigmoid volvulus :
Causes
Features
Barium enema is CONTRAINDICATED
ERECT FILMS , additional views Causes Features
Pneumatosis
Bowel wall ischaemia
Assess : the location (two views) , the pattern the shape
Common calcifications
Rim like
Linear
Lamellar
Cloudy
Causes
Causes
Causes
In normal subject
1. Lateral & inferior edge of liver2. Spleen3. Both kidneys4. Psoas muscles 5. UB 6. Uterine indentation
