Sit in the seat that matches the number on your tongue depressor. Then…

Put your name on the tongue depressor and decorate it any way you like (make sure your name is easy to read)

We know something is alive if it…

1. Where can you find absent work?2. How long do you have to hand in absent

work (including labs)?3. Where should you put absent/late work?4. Where is the no-name basket?5. Where will you find class handouts?6. When are iPods allowed?7. When are phones allowed?

1. Where can you find absent work?On the SWIFT website

2. How long do you have to hand in absent work (including labs)?

2 weeks

3. Where should you put absent/late work?In the top basket in the front

4. Where is the no-name basket?on top of the file cabinet

5. Where will you find class handouts?In front on the bookshelf

6. When are iPods allowed?When you are working individually

7. When are phones allowed? Never… unless you get special permission from me

Biology consists of more than memorizing factual details

Themes help to organize biological information

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

To introduce you to the main themes of Collegeboard

By the end you should have an idea of what each theme means and give one example.

Science as a process Evolution Energy transfer Continuity and change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology, and society

What is the definition of Science?

The word Science is derived from Latin and means “to know”

But… science is not just an accumulation of facts, it is a process.

“Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution”—Theodosius Dobzhansky

Organisms living on Earth are modified descendents of common ancestors

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“Unity in diversity” arises from “descent with modification”◦ For example, the forelimb of the bat, human, cat

and the whale flipper all share a common skeletal architecture

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Work requires a source of energy Exchange between an organism and its

environment often involves energy transformations◦ EX: Light, chemical, kenetic, or thermal

Energy flows through an ecosystem, usually entering as light and exiting as heat

Fig. 1-5

Sunlight

Ecosystem

Heat

Heat

Cyclingof

chemicalnutrients

Producers(plants and other photosynthetic

organisms)

Chemical energy

Consumers(such as animals)

Species maintain themselves by passing DNA down from generation to generation

Genetic mechanisms lead to change over time.

NucleicontainingDNA

Sperm cell

Egg cell

Fertilized eggwith DNA fromboth parents

Embryo’s cells withcopies of inherited DNA

Offspring with traitsinherited fromboth parents

Fig. 1-9

Theme: Continuity and Change

Structure and function of living organisms are closely related◦ For example, a leaf is thin and flat, maximizing

the capture of light by chloroplasts

(a) Wings

(c) Neurons

(b) Bones

Infoldings ofmembrane

Mitochondrion

(d) Mitochondria0.5 µm100 µm

Fig. 1-6

Feedback mechanisms allow biological processes to self-regulate

Negative feedback means that as more of a product accumulates, the process that creates it slows and less of the product is produced◦ Ex. thermostat

Positive feedback means that as more of a product accumulates, the process that creates it speeds up and more of the product is produced◦ Ex. Exponential growth (more babies will result in

more babies)

Organisms in nature interact and depend on each other.◦ Ex. Grazing animals rely on plants for food while

many plants rely on animals to disperse their food.

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Scientific research leads to technological advances that can have a positive or negative impact on society.◦ Ex. the human genome project lead to the

identification of many genes but also has led to issues such as DNA discrimination.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Fig. 1-11