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zŠc*ŠO'X»Ì¸Iì�:

It is true that Urdu had come into existance before the Mughals but it

made special process during the Mughal period...once Urdu was

adopted as the medium of literacy expression by the writers of the

metropolis, its development was rapid, and it soon replaced persian as

the court language of Muslim India...to some extent, Wali had paved the

way for it, but the process of change once to the new literacy language

was facilitated by certain other featurs. The invasion of Delhi by the

persian monarch Nadir Shah and the measures perpetrated by his

anemy must have led to a revulsion of feelings against evertything

Persion-including language. An accute literacy controvercy of the period

further hastened the process, i.e, Hazin-Arzoo controvercy, the general

efect of this controvercy must have been to set people thinking about

the advisability of writing in Persion, and it is not without significance

that Arzoo trained two rising poet (Mir and Sauda) to write in Urdu raltec

rather in Persion. 83

892

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Under the direction of Dr. John Gilchrist he (Lallu Ji Lal) and Sadal Misra were

the creaters of modern "High Hindi". Many dilects of Hindi were, as we have

seen, spoken in North India, but the vehicle of polite speach amongst those

who did not know persian was urdu. Urdu, however had a vocabulary

103

103

borrowed largly from the persian and Arabic languages which were specially

connected with Mohammadanism. A literacy language for Hindi-speeking

people which could commend itself more to Hindus was very desirable, and

the result was produced by taking Urdu and expelling from it words of Persian

and Arabic origin, and substituting for them words of sanskrit or Hindi origin...

the Hindi of Lallu Ji Lal was really as new literacy dilect. This "High Hindi" or

"Standard Hindi" as it is also called, has had however a greet success. 35

ZkŠzg~yz›—ããCŠzV6,¸x6,„ˆ8LÅZ’Zu¦Z£ŠzgÆZgŠzy~ÚiqµX–w{−0G:

Altaf Hussain Hali in his biography of Sir Sayyid suggests that Sir

Sayyid bacame suspicious about Hindu intentions after, 1867 when they

started compaigning in Benaras for the substitution of Hindi with its

Devnagri script for Urdu with its persian script as a court language. 45

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203

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The Engdu-American expressions used in Japanese newspapers are

sometime referred to as "Japlish" Singaporean English is nicknamed "Singlish.

The Indian edition of English is labelled, bacause of the influencoe of Hindi, as

'Hinglish'. Taking a cue, can we call the Pakistani version 'pinglish'?...in some

instances, the Urduization of English reaches such lengths that it seconds

something like 'Urdish' or 'Engdu'. 75

i!*yZq-**xCz�Šì�ZLZ0+g¹ÐZÖpŠzu~i!*âVÐá™ZKzÝÔRöZzgZk**]~

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1. Student merit Encyclopedia, 10th VOL, 1987, page 534

2. Encyclopedia Britanica 7th vol page 702, 1992

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