ribose adenine uracil adenine single
TRANSCRIPT
RNA and Transcription
ribose
What is the sugar found in RNA?
Adenine Uracil
What base is present in DNA but is missing in RNA? What base replaces it?
Adenine
Uracil in RNA pairs with ____ in DNA.
Single
Is RNA single or double stranded?
mRNA – single stranded chain; takes message from DNA to ribosomes
rRNA – globular with proteins; makes up ribosomes
tRNA – hairpin or cloverleaf; transfers aa to ribosomes
What are the three types of RNA? What are their shapes and functions?
mRNA
Which type of RNA copies DNA’s instructions for making proteins in the nucleus?
rRNA
Which type of RNA is most abundant?
rRNA and proteins
What two things make up ribosomes?
Copying genetic info from DNA into RNA
What is transcription?
Initiation Elongation Termination
What are the three steps of transcription?
Ribosomes
Where are proteins made?
Primary transcription enzyme Adds complimentary RNA bases to DNA
template to build RNA transcripts
What is RNA polymerase? What does it do?
Promoter Coding sequence Termination signal
What are the three parts of a gene?
Promoter – initiation Coding region – elongation Termination signal – termination
Each part of a gene corresponds to one step of transcription. Which part of a gene corresponds to which step?
Marks the beginning of a gene Where RNA pol binds to start tscn
What is a promoter?
The promoter
Where does RNA pol bind to the DNA it’s transcribing?
It opens Transcription bubble or puff
What happens to the DNA when RNA pol binds? What is this open region called?
no
Are both strands of DNA copied during transcription?
RNA pol adds RNA nt to build transcripts
What happens during elogation?
template
What is the name of the strand that is read?
5’ to 3’
Which direction does RNA pol work?
3’ to 5’
Which direction does it read?
3’ to 5’
So the template strand runs ____ in the direction the RNA pol moves.
Coding strand
What is the name of the DNA strand that is being made into an RNA copy?
Marks the end of the DNA that’s being transcribed
What is a termination signal?
transcripts
What are the products of transcription?
All 3 kinds!
What kinds of RNA are made during transcription?
Pre-mRNA
What is the direct result of transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes?
Processing! ◦ Capping◦ Splicing
What must happen to pre-mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?
splicing
What do we call the process in which intervening sequences are removed from pre-mRNA and remaining sequences are “glued” together?
Introns Introns intervene or interfere
What do we call the intervening sequences?
Exons Exons are expressed
What do we call the remaining sequences that are “glued” together?
Into the cytoplasm to the ribosomes for translation
Once the processed mRNA leaves the nucleus, where does it go?