Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th

Incarceration

Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th

Prison Operations:budget & programs

C le a r & C o le , A m e r i c a n C o r r e c t i o n s , 6 t h

“c la s s ifi c a tio n ”“c la s s ifi c a tio n ”“c la s s ifi c a tio n ”

p r o c e s s b y w h i c h p r i s o n e r i s c a t e g o r i z e d r e g a r d i n g s e c u r i t y & t r e a t m e n t n e e d s & i s a s s i g n e d t o c u s t o d y l e v e l ( i e , p r i s o n ) , s u p e r v i s i o n l e v e l ( w i t h i n p r i s o n ) , & t r e a t m e n t p r o g r a m s

I d e a l l y , b a s e d o n p s y c h o l o g y , e d u c a t i o n , v o c a t i o n a l , h e a l t h , o t h e r n e e d s

c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d e t e r m i n e s : p r i s o n s i t e h o u s i n g a s s i g n m e n t w o r k a s s i g n m e n t a v a i l a b i l i t y o f t r e a t m e n t p r o g r a m s g o o d t i m e a v a i l a b l e ( e g , C o l o r a d o )

t o d a y : c l a s s i f i c a t i o n = f ( R I S K ) !

d e f i n i t i o n

Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th

3 models of incarceration3 models of incarceration3 models of incarceration

custodial emphasizes security, discipline, order dominates maximum security prisons

rehabilitation emphasizes provision of treatment programs

designed to reform the offender developed in 1950s; out of favor today

reintegration emphasizes maintenance of the offender’s ties

to family & community as a method of reform, recognizing that the offender will be returning to community

linked to community corrections

`

Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th

radial

main designs of US prisons main designs of US prisons

courtyard

campustelephone pole

Radial DesignCenter point

Hubs jetting from the center.

Long rows of cells

http://www.easternstate.org/tour/index.php

Courtyard style

• Built around interior courtyard

Telephone Pole Design

• Telephone pole design, which was advocated by the federal government, is based on a long hallway with living or work quarters as add-on module units attached to the sides. 

Campus Style

• Groups prisoners to be separated and managed according to their needs.

http://www.hearinglossweb.com/res/dog/prison.htm

Skyscraper design• designed for little more than

warehousing offenders, although some of the floors may contain classrooms and/or work rooms. 

• Exercise yards are usually located on the roof. 

• Most major cities (and the feds) have what are called Metro prisons of this type, and often local jails are of this architectural design, as are many private prisons operated by corporations who contract with the government.  

Modular design

• pod prison, direct supervision jail, or new generation design

• consists of living quarters with tall ceilings, mezzanine balconies, sharp architectural angles, Plexiglas panels, and hi-tech environmental control equipment.

C le a r & C o le , A m e r i c a n C o r r e c t i o n s , 6 t h

“m a x im u m s e c u r ity ”

“m a x im u m “m a x im u m s e c u r ity ”s e c u r ity ”

p r i s o n d e s i g n e d , o r g a n i z e d , & o p e r a t e d t o m i n i m i z e t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f e s c a p e s & v i o l e n c e ; i m p o s e s s t r i c t l i m i t a t i o n s o n t h e m o v e m e n t & f r e e d o m o f i n m a t e s & v i s i t o r s

d e f i n i t i o n

Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th

“maximum security” prisonCal. State Prison, Sacramento--“new Folsom”

“maximum security” prison“maximum security” prisonCal. State Prison, SacramentoCal. State Prison, Sacramento----“new Folsom”“new Folsom”

C le a r & C o le , A m e r i c a n C o r r e c t i o n s , 6 t h

“m e d iu m s e c u r ity ”

“m e d iu m “m e d iu m s e c u r ity ”s e c u r ity ”

p r i s o n d e s i g n e d , o r g a n i z e d , & o p e r a t e d t o p r e v e n t e s c a p e s & v i o l e n c e , b u t i n w h i c h r e s t r i c t i o n so n i n m a t e s & v i s i t o r s a r e l e s s r i g i d t h a n i n m a x i m u m s e c u r i t y f a c i l i t i e s

d e f i n i t i o n

Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th

“medium security” prisonCalifornia State Prison, Solano“medium security” prison“medium security” prisonCalifornia State Prison, California State Prison, SolanoSolano

C le a r & C o le , A m e r i c a n C o r r e c t i o n s , 6 t h

“m in im u m s e c u r ity ”

“m in im u m “m in im u m s e c u r ity ”s e c u r ity ”

p r i s o n d e s i g n e d , o r g a n i z e d , & o p e r a t e d t o p e r m i t i n m a t e s & v i s i t o r s a s m u c h f r e e d o m a s i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e c o n c e p t o f i n c a r c e r a t i o n

d e f i n i t i o n

Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th

“minimum security” prisonCalifornia Institution for Men, Chino“minimum security” prison“minimum security” prisonCalifornia Institution for Men, ChinoCalifornia Institution for Men, Chino

Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th

the “super-max”the “superthe “super--max”max”

created to house the “worst of the worst”--incorrigible, violent, assaultive, disruptive inmates, & prison gang members-- who require close & constant supervision house 100,000 men (8 -10% of total in custody) created by federal government; 38 states

Administrative Maximum Facility (ADX) Florence, Colorado

Pelican Bay State Prison (SHU) Northern Correctional Institute --

Connecticut

Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th

Pelican Bay State PrisonCrescent City, Ca (“super-max”)Pelican Bay State PrisonPelican Bay State PrisonCrescent City, CaCrescent City, Ca ((“super“super--max”)max”)

Security Housing Unit level IV prison

Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th

Prisoner Profiles:who’s doing time?

Prison Population Profile

• 93% men

• 7% Women

• <18 1%

• 18-24 – 19%

• 25-34 – 38%

• 35-44 – 29%

• 45-54 – 10 %

• 55- up – 3%

America spends approximately 100

billion dollars a year on

the criminal justice system, up from 12

billion in 1972.

Prison Population Profile

• 46% African American

• 33% White

• 18 % Hispanic

• 3% Other

Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th

new prison populations with special problems or needsnew prison populations with new prison populations with special problems or needsspecial problems or needs

“new” populations

prisoners with

HIV/AIDS

prisoners with long

terms

elderly prisoners

mentally ill prisoners

Prison life Special Population• HIV positive offenders

• Approximate 2.5% of prison population are infected with HIV.

• Prior drug use

• Sexual Assault

• Cost - Estimate $86,000 a year per inmate for medical expenses

Prison life Special Population

• Elderly Offenders– By 2010 one in ten

prisoners will be over 50.– Usually violent offenders– Health care cost– Special diets– Are they danger to

society?

            

              

            

              

            

              

            

              

Prison Life Special Population• Long term sentence offenders

– Long term cost– Long term health care– Over crowding– 3 strikes and you’re out laws

http://www.threestrikes.org/tsposterboys.html

Prison Life Special Population

• Mentally Ill Prisoners– 15% of prison population have mental health

problems– Health care cost– Dangerous?– Low IQ = No Death Penalty

Prison Life Special Population

• Sex Offenders

• Child molesters, rapist

• Lowest on criminal social structure.

• Usually kept away from general population

Private prisons• Wackenhut and Corrections Corporation of

America have 75 % of the business

• Over a Billion dollar business a year

• Nearly 270 faculties in the USA

http://www.correctionscorp.com/aboutcca.html