quality research tools i.e. print/online resources from the tck library or vpl well written...

Quality research tools i.e. Print/online resources from the TCK library OR VPL

Well written paper—review writing techniques from OWL at Purdue, Encyclopedia Britannica

Proper use of MLA CITATION rules to avoid being accused of Plagiarism.

What is Plagiarism: Three acts of plagiarism:

1.Failing to cite quotations and borrowed ideas without an intext citation. 2.Failing to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks and include intext citation.3.Failing to put summaries and paraphrases in your own words and include proper MLA formatting i.e intext citation.

Your research paper is a collaboration between you and your sources •You must acknowledge what is not yours

•Avoiding Plagiarism:

•MLA dictates that proper acknowledgement of borrowed language and/or ideas must include BOTH:

1. Works cited page 2. Imbedded or in-text citations

3. Each in-text citation MUST HAVE a “works cited” reference. You can have one “works cited” reference for several “in text” citations.

Plagiarism or not? 1. A student has failed the first three papers. Frustrated, he buys a paper from a student in another class.

2. A student is having problems with her paper so she asks a friend to help her out. The friend makes several revisions, changing sentences and even a paragraph that needed work.

3. A student is having problems with the language of an essay because the sentences are so complex. So, to set-up a quotation he's using, he uses sentences from the essay without using quotation marks.

4. A student is working on her paper with other students from her class. They fix a number of her errors as well as making some comments on paragraphs that need to be fixed.

5. English is the second language for a student. As part of his education, he has learned a technique called "pasting," where he builds his sentences using phrases from the author of the essay.

6. In class group-work, one student gets a great idea for an argument from another student. They each write papers with the same They each write papers with the same argument, though they each phrase it differently.

7. A student is working with a tutor on her paper. She's using her own ideas, but the tutor is giving her words to use to express those ideas. The work is the student's, but the language is the tutor's.

Scenarios in the previous slides are all examples of Plagiarism

EXCEPT for #4 and #6

http://wp.rutgers.edu/courses/plagiarism

Sample student paper with 2 intext/embedded citations.

Works cited page with complete information for the intext citations from student paper.

Intext citations

In-text citations are REQUIRED for:

1. Direct quotes (4 lines or less, included in body of paper, use quotation marks)

2. Block quotes (5 lines or more. Indent quote, use signal phrase)quote, use signal phrase)

3. Paraphrased information. (your own words, ideas from others)

Examples: Direct quotes

Wilson explains “ Vimy Ridge was a pivotal moment for the Canadian army, but also for Canada ” (34). Vimy Ridge showed Canada ’ s strength, not as a colony, but as a nation.

Author and page number must be included for intext citations. Red font is for purposes of demonstration.


Historians have noted that “ Vimy Ridge was a pivotal moment for the Canadian army, but also for Canada” (Wilson 34). Vimy Ridge showed Canada ’ s strength, not as a colony, but as a nation.

Wilson 34

OR Can include Author, page number at end of sentence. Format from previous slide or current slide are acceptable.

Author can be difficult to find. Check carefullyTo find authors on a website.

Direct Quotes

•Direct quotes or borrowed language should make up only about 5-10% of the text

•Only use direct quotes when:

– Language is especially EXPRESSIVE– EXACT wording is needed for accuracy – It is necessary to show someone's words– Quoting someone in a position of AUTHORITY

Imbedded Citations: Direct Quotes

TO USE OR NOT TO USE

1)“ Freiman aided the war effort through his work with the Red Cross ”

2) “The two women were joined by a passionate belief in the social value of art and in its deeply moral basis ” .

Which one should be included in your paper??

In-text Citations: Direct Quotes Incorporating them into YOUR

work

•Readers need to be INTRODUCED to quotes

•Provide a clear SIGNAL PHRASE (i.e notes,

reports, suggests reports, suggests,) usually

including the author.

•Tip: NEVER end a paragraph with a direct quote

•Tip: ALWAYS comment on or analyze a quote


In A Nation at War, Wilson explains “ Vimy Ridge was a pivotal moment for the Canadian army, but also for Canada ” (34). Vimy Ridge showed Canada ’ s strength, not as a colony, but as a nation.

Nation at Wilson 34 Signal Phrase?

Wilson explains


Historians have noted that “ Vimy Ridge was a pivotal moment for the Canadian army, but also for Canada” (Wilson 34). Vimy Ridge showed Canada ’ s strength, not as a colony, but as a nation.

Wilson 34

Signal phrase?Historians have noted



2. Block quotes (5 lines or more. Indent quote, use signal phrase)

Examples: Block Quote

Toni Morrison, in "The Site of Memory," explains how social context shaped slave narratives:

. . . no slave society in the history of the world wrote more- -or more thoughtfully---about its own enslavement. The milieu, however, dictated the purpose and the style. The narratives are instructive, moral and obviously representative. Some of them are patterned after the sentimental novel that was in vogue at the time. But whatever the level of eloquence or the form, popular taste discouraged the writers from dwelling too long or too carefully on the more sordid details of their experience (109).

Block Quotes: •Are longer than 4 lines of prose

•Need to be indented from the body of the essay 1 ” from the left margin

•Long quotations need to be introduced with an informative sentence, usually including the author(s) and work.

•Quotation marks are NOT used



2. Block quotes (5 lines or more. Indent quote, use signal phrase)quote, use signal phrase)

3. Paraphrased information. (your own words, ideas from others)

Direct Quotes

•Direct quotes or borrowed language should make up only about 5-10% of the text

Original text:

In 2008, a poll of 12000 citizens in 11 countries, including Canada, found that only 47% were prepared to make personal lifestyle changes to reduce carbon emissions, which is actually a decrease from the 58% willing to do so in 2007.

In text—paraphrased information

Canadians are losing interest in trying to reduce carbon emissions. In a recent poll, support for personal lifestyle changes to reduce carbon emissions, decreased by 11% from the previous year. (Brook 23).

Includes Author

and page

number

Paraphrasing:•Uses YOUR own words, but the IDEAS of someone else•Can be a SUMMARY of new/learned information •Must be followed by an in-text citation

Steps to Effective Paraphrasing:•Make sure you UNDERSTAND the original passage. •Set the original aside, and write your OWN VERSION on a separate piece of paper.•Re-read BOTH versions.• Use quotation marks to identify any unique term you have borrowed EXACTLY from the source. •Record the source (including the page number) so that you can easily credit it later.

Examples: Paraphrasing

The original passage:

•Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes (Lester 46-47).

A legitimate paraphrase: •In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).

Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes while taking note (Lester46-47).

OR Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes.

A plagiarized version: Explain Why???

Works Cited

•Entire Works Cited page appears as the LAST page of your assignment

•Alphabetized by AUTHOR ’ S LAST NAME –If there is no author, use “title” for alphabetization

•Do NOT number or bullet your citations

Lambert 12 last name. page number. ½” from top

Works cited 2- Centered; 1” from top of page

Brindle, Reginald Smith. “The Search Outwards: The Orient, Jazz, Archaisms.” The New Music: The Avant-Garde since 1945. New York: Oxford UP, 1975. 133-45.

Print. Burnett, James. “Ellington's Place as a Composer.” Gammond 141-55. Print.

Duke Ellington. Estates of Mercer K. Ellington and Edward K. “Duke” Ellington, 2000. Web. 3 June 2002.

Duke Ellington’s Washington. Public Broadcasting Service. Hedrick Smith Prod., 2000. Web. 3 June 2002

Ellington, Duke. Afro-Eurasian Eclipse. Rec. 1971. Fantasy, 1991. CD.

Griffiths, Paul. A Concise History of Avant-Garde Music: From Debussy to Boulez. New York: Oxford UP, 1978. Print.

•Alphabetical •Second line Indented •Note: titles are in italics •Double spaced between entries

Works Cited Page

An Article in a Journal: Author’s Last name, First Name. “Name of article”. Name of Journal Edition Number (Date): page numbers. Scotto, Peter. "Censorship, Reading, and Interpretation: A Case Study from the Soviet Union." PMLA109 (1994):

61-70.

Online Encyclopedia:Author’s Last name, First name. “Name of Article”. Name of Encyclopedia. Date accessed. URL. Whitaker, Reg. “Pierre Elliott Trudeau”. The Canadian Encyclopedia Online. Accessed Aug 24, 2011. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A 1ARTA0008141

In-text citations: HOW?

•Book: (Author ’ s last name page number). **If you have used the author ’ s last name in your sentence, you ONLY need a page number. page number.

For example: “ She wrote about her love of writing in her diary ” (Gould 34).

As Gould describes the situation, “ She wrote about her love of writing in her diary ” (34).

In text citations—Review

•More is better than less

•If in doubt, include in-text citation

•Statistical information requires its’ own •If information is from one source, one in-text citation can be used in a single paragraph

How to evaluate a website

Who? Who wrote it. Is there an author listed? Are they an expert? How can I find out additional information about the author? Linkedin???

What? What does the author say is the purpose of the site? What else might the author have in mind for this site? Bias?

When? When was the website created/updated? If there are no dates— then it is a problem.

Where? Where did the information come from? Who is the sponsor? Can I find out more information about the sponsor? What does a lawyer know about medical procedures?

Why? Why is this information useful for my website? Why should I use this information? Is it better than the information from another website?

information? Is it better than the information from another website?

Handout from Medicine Hat College on MLA formatting. See address on slide 39

information? Is it better than the information from another website?

Websites of interest for MLA Formating

Medicine Hat College, MLA formatting http://mhc.ab.libguides.com/mla

Owl at Purdue, MLA formatting

http://owl.english.purdue.edu

Count us in : the struggle to free Soviet Jews : a Canadian perspective.

Toronto : Burgher Books, c1995.

Wendy Eisen

Author. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of publication. Format

Eisen, Wendy. Count us in: the struggle to free Soviet Jews:a Canadian perspective. Toronto: Burgher Books, 1995.Print.

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