<4D6963726F736F667420506F776572506F696E74202D20B0F2A65DC2E0B4DEBB50AF53A9CAA7EFA87DA440>Current Opinion in Biotechnology 2006, 17:105–112
Current Opinion in Biotechnology 2006, 17:105–112
Input traits represent the first wave of biotechnology. They provide a new level of protection against pests and are a powerful weapon in weed control arsenals.
The second wave of biotechnology is output traits. Unlike input traits that are designed to protect and enhance yield, output traits promise to enhance the value of the crops from the farmer to the consumer.
Biotechnology for Agricultural Applications:
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Economic Issues in Agricultural Biotechnology / AIB-762
Biotechnology for Agricultural Applications: Input Traits:
• The plant is modified to resist a certain insect, disease or the application of a crop protection agent
Output Traits: • Agronomic Traits: The plant is modified to
withstand environmental stress (e.g. drought, cold) or to produce higher yields
• Plants as Green Factories: The plant is modified to produce a valuable ingredient (e.g. a specialty or bulk chemical)
http://www.corporate.basf.com/basfcorp/img/investor/events/ir_day/Presentation_Oakley_Biotechl.pdf
http://www.corporate.basf.com/basfcorp/img/investor/events/ir_day/Presentation_Oakley_Biotechl.pdf
Creating a VitaminVitamin--Rich TomatoRich Tomato with a Carrot GeneCarrot Gene

(() = () = () + () + ())
(Genes VII)
The central dogmacentral dogma states that information in nucleic acid can be perpetuated or transferred, but the transfer of information into protein is irreversible.
(central dogma)(central dogma)
Gain of Function
Lost of Function
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http://www.hos.ufl.edu/mooreweb/TissueCulture/tcclass.html http://www.ianr.unl.edu/pubs/weeds/g1399.htm
Reduce the ability of Reduce the ability of a herbicidea herbicide--sensitive sensitive target protein to bind target protein to bind to a herbicide.to a herbicide.
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Endow plants with the capability to metabolically metabolically inactivate the herbicideinactivate the herbicide.
The Plant Cell, Vol. 7, 1085-1097, 1995 The Plant Cell, Vol. 7, 1059-1070, 1995
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RNA RNAi technology RNA
RNA
http://biologi.uio.no/plfys/haa/gen/gmo.htm
A
B
C
D
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http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/21404/ch03.html
http://faculty.virginia.edu/mammgenetics/805-4th03.html http://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/CellBiology/StudyingGeneFunction/#Fig3
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http://agbio.coa.gov.tw/image_doc/01.pdf http://www.corporate.basf.com/basfcorp/img/investor/events/ir_day/Presentation_Oakley_Biotechl.pdf
http://www.corporate.basf.com/basfcorp/img/investor/events/ir_day/Presentation_Oakley_Biotechl.pdf
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http://www.apsnet.org/education/IntroPlantPath/Topics/plantdisease/text/fig26.htm
:
Target shelf
Fire switch
http://elmo.shore.ctc.edu/biotech/recombdna/MolEvolGM/notes1-31.html
electroporationelectroporation
http://www.ptf.okstate.edu/
Cattleya Oncidium Phalaenopsis
Cymbidium Paphiopedilum Dendrobium
Current Status of Orchids Industry in Taiwan
Percentage of production area and production value of floricultural crops in Taiwan (2005).Total12,481 ha11,829 million NT
Potted plant 6%
4,061 ha
225,273
70,142
SourceDirectorate General of Customs, Ministry of Finance, ROC.
Export value of orchids in Taiwam2004-2006 Why orchids? • In response to ever-increasing consumer
demand, the creation of new varieties with unique flower patterns, colors, shapes, fragrance, and resistance against pests and diseases is highly desirable.
• typical climacteric flower • great economic values in tropical and
subtropical regions • traits can be improved by genetic engineering • …
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• … • … • …
• efficient DNA delivery system
phalaenopsis , 1997 Belarmino and Mii, 2000 Chai et al., 2002
, 2003 , 2005 Chan et al., 2005 Mishiba et al., 2005 Sjahril and Mii, 2006
Oncidium Liau et al., 2003 You et al., 2003
Dendrobium Yu et al., 2001
Cymbidium Chin et al., 2007
phalaenopsis Anzai et al., 1996 Knapp et al., 2000 , 2001 Liao et al., 2004
Vanda Chia et al., 1990 Cymbidium Yang et al., 1999
Dendrobium Kuehnle and Sugii, 1992 Chia et al., 1994 Yu et al., 1999 Men et al., 2003
Oncidium You et al., 2003 Li et al., 2005
Brassia Cattleya Knapp et al., 2000
neomycin phosphotransferase NPT
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Transformed PLBNon-transformed PLB
NonNon--transformedtransformed
TransformedTransformed
Liao et al., 2004 •
2006 • pectate lyase
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CHS 1- -1- 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylate synthase ACS
• RNA interference RNAi (cymbidium mosaic virus CymMV)
odontoglossum ringspot virus ORSV