pulse herbicides 2000 - • 2002 – pesticide minor use program introduced • assisted in the...
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Canadian Prairie Predominateha (,000) Production Prairie Province 2014-18 (%) For Production
Lentil 1,692.0 100 SK (92%)Field Pea 1,581.7 100 SK (56%) AB (41%)Soybean 2,456.8 35 MB (80%)Dry bean 125.7 60 MB (70%) AB (30%)Chickpea 83.4 100 SK (100%)Fababean 30.0 100 AB (70%)TOTAL 5,969.7 73
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Fababean
(Dry edible)
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History of Pulse Broadleaf Weed Control• Prior to Imi Chemistry (1970 – 1990)
• Trifluralin, Ethafluralin (Group D), Metribuzin(Group C), Bentazon (Group C); MCPA amine / sodium salt / MCPB (Group I),
• Imi Chemisty (Group B) 1990-• Imazethapyr, Imazamox, Imazapyr• 2007 – Clearfield (Imi-tolerant) lentil Introduced
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Pulse Herbicides 2000 -• 2002 – Pesticide Minor Use Program introduced
• Assisted in the introduction / registration of:
ApplicationActive Ingredient Group Timing Crops NotesCarfentrazone G PRE All Burndown mix with glyphosate, no residualSulfentrazone G PRE SA CP, FB, FP, SOY Residual controlFlumioxazin G PRE SA CP, FP, L, SB Residual controlPyroxasulfone K PRE SA L, SB Residual control
SA = Soil Applied; CP = Chickpea; FB = Fababean;FP = Field Pea; L = Lentil; SB =Soybean.
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Industry Introductions 2000 -
SA = Soil Applied; CP = Chickpea; FB = Fababean;FP = Field Pea; L = Lentil; SB =Soybean.
*Residual is rate dependent** Fall application only for lentil
ApplicationActive Ingredient Group Company Timing Crops NotesImazamox / Bentazon B / C BASF POST FB, FP, SBSaflufenacil G BASF PRE All but FB Burndown with glyphosate, residual*Pyraflufen / MCPA G / I NuFarm PRE All Burndown with glyphosate, no residual
Co-MixesSulfentrazone / Pyroxasulfone G/K FMC PRE SA CP, FP, SB Residual controlSaflufenacil / Pyroxasulfone G/K BASF PRE SA L, FP, SB Residual controlFlumioxazin / Pyroxasulfone G/K NuFarm PRE SA L**, CP, FP, SB Residual control
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Characteristics of Recent Herbicides• Very few post-emergent herbicides!• Quite a few are soil active
• Soil active herbicides tend to be less consistent due to environmental interactions
• Generally, not as broad spectrum of weed control• Not perfect tolerance, particularly in lentil
• One-shot weed control in pulses unlikely concept in future.
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Unt
Chk
0 10 100 1000
0
20
40
60
80
100
Koch
iaPl
ant G
row
th (%
of U
ntre
ated
Che
ck)
Sulfentrazone Rate [log (gai ha-1)]
ED90 = 91.1 g ai ha-1
ED80 = 62.1 g ai ha-1
ED70 = 48.2 g ai ha-1
Evolution of PRE- / POST Layering
Sulfentrazone• Highly effective on kochia
• Dose response is analysis of 33 site-years of experiments conducted at Scott, SK from 2002- 2013.
• Also, activity on false cleavers was very good at Scott (loam soil, about 3-4% soil organic matter).
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#7 False Cleavers
2003
1995
1986
2014/15
1970s
Prince Albert
North Battleford
Saskatoon
Yorkton
Regina
Melfort
Swift Current
Weyburn
Estevan
Meadow Lake
Melville
Humboldt
Lloydminster
Moose Jaw
Not SurveyedAbsent
0.1 to 10.0% 10.1 to 20.0% 20.1 to 30.0% 30.1 to 40.0% 40.1 to 50.0% 50.1 to 60.0%60.1 to 70.0%More than 70%
Frequency
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Alone + Imazamox (B) / Bentazon (C)
Group B Resistant False Cleavers Control Mean of 3 site years (2013 -15). SOM > 6%
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Group B Resistant cleavers controlAverage of 2 Years (2014-2015). SOM > 6% . Rosthern, SK.
Ethafluralin (D) + Saflufenacil (G) 36
Saflufenacil (G) 36
Ethafluralin (D)
Untreated
Alone + Imazamox (B) / Bentazon (C)
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Herbicide Layering – Soil Applied Pre / Post Employing Different Mechanisms of Action
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Effect of Pre-Herbicides on Broadleaf Weed Density Just Prior to POST- herbicide application in Fababean. Mean of 5 site-years.
Error bar represents LSD0.05SFT = SulfentrazonePyr = PyroxasulfoneSaf = Saflufenacil
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Effect of Pre-Herbicides on Broadleaf Weed Biomass From PRE- and POST-herbicide application in Fababean. Mean of 5 site-years.
No Pre Saflufenacil (G) PRE Flumioxazin (G) PRE Saflufenacil (G) + Pyroxasulfone (K) PRE
0 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 423
a
cc
cc c
cc
c
a
ab
b
Odyssey = Imazamox / Imazethapyr 1: 1(B)
Viper = Imazamox + Bentazon (B + C)
No of MOA’s
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Fluthiacet-methyl (Group G)Untreated Fluthiacet-methyl 4 gai ha-1
Fluthiacet –methyl (Group G) post-emergence
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Pyridate (Group C)Wild Mustard Visual Control (%) 2018 Chickpea Yield 2018
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Untreated 450 900 1800 Handweed
kg/h
a
Pyridate rate (g ai/ha)
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Farmers are listening!Flumioxazin / Pyroxasulfone
applied previous fallMetribuzin applied POST
Group B herbicides applied POST
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Conclusions:• Additional MOA’s have been registered for grass and broadleaf
weed control in pulse crops• Very few herbicides (any?) left to screen
• Benefits to sequences of PRE soil applied herbicides followed by POST application
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Acknowlegements• Dan Ulrich and Cindy Gampe,
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Scott, SK
• Weed science & Agronomy and Crop Imaging crews, University of SK.
• Jessica Pratchler, North East Agriculture Research Foundation, Melfort, SK.
Pest Management CenterPesticide Minor Use ProgramPesticide Reduced Risk Program