~ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/cms/user/file/36... · prof. reza malekzadeh, .. prof. seyed moayed...

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Page 1: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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Prof Reza Malekzadeh

Prof Seyed Moayed Alavian

Prof Rahim Aghazadeh

Prof Anna SF Lok

Prof Mario Rizzetto

Prof Jens Rasenack

Prof William Carman

Prof Tarik Asselah

Dr Mehdi Mohammadnejad

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HBeAg bull (1middotmiddotmiddot copiesml~) rmiddot middot IUml)I~fr HBV DNA bull

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CBC

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HIV JgtJ-O)01)~(jraquo liyen-~ anti-HAY tSl)1 HBV 0-j-o

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u-S1j)-i ~II ~14i1 ~ ~1rL (V)~~-s~ ~anti-HBc

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Ul)j~ ujIIj1 I I) uj middot4 01~ U)~ ~ I XS u~

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JI1~lSI~I~~

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HBV DNA H jI ~~) bullI ~~I DDRC ) cS ($Iwlh)

I~ ~HBeAg ($1) oI)) jl1lAJLJ-llSJT~)Io 0=A~JT

cr~ of) )I) ROC ~)ij ~j 41) ($~~~ JiL9 jr9

(n) lS ~~ (validation group) ijl of)middotAO

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1 0gt1 0~lA1 AO ~J jI J5 011~ cSlmiddot

(~~IJ0-)~rr~1 HCC P jlcSJ~Jlf jLJ J~I

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xr-sJU ~~ ~-9 s4r9lJlgt ~IJ

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t jlrro~ -1 ~ w)~ 0L)~)~ ~I HBeAg 0~~

-1~I(I )-1rr-Yr ALT 0~JLJlJlgt ~-HBeAg

~(~)~)r bull IUmljlroS-1lr~~~ HBV DNAoS ($

jI~ oc )~JLOiI0tI~1 ~IJlo~I)~0L)~S))I HBsAg0~

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($~($~jJlrr~ 0L)~ tr ~))~ ($r~ ($I)I~

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( ~~)~ ~y- ~j 0t)~ ($~u ~~0rgt- ($~ u$-s

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(gray zone) it J~ A ~~~~j~~ slAci4 401)loI

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Stage Y IVlmi r)I~ Jlo) )11)1 j1 J-=sJS s~1

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sJS s~T t ) AL ~J~~ slAci4 t ~I~ )loI 0lo)

it sJS ~T sl 01)~ 1 ~I 0e4 r)I ~ Jlo ~

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(rr) ci)yhi)0l( s)I0lo) rou~T)

4 (ci~ ~j~) f )11)1 stage Jlo~sJS ~T as s)~4J stagef sl 0)~ ) ) as s1wU ) ~ 10lo) Joj~ i it

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L Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2001 34 1225-41

2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

13 Lok AS Heathcote EJ Hoofuagle JH Management of hepatitis B 2000-shysummary of a workshop Gastroenterology 200 I 120 1828-53

14 Chu CJ Hussain M Lok ASF Quantitative serum HBV DNA levels during different stages of chronic hepatitis B infection Hepatology 2002 36 1408-15

15 I10eje UH Yang HI Su J Jen CL You SL Chen CJ Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver DiseaseCancer-In HBV (the

REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

16 Moghani Lankarani M Alavian SM Manzoori Joybari H Anti HAV antibody in HBV carriers Govaresh 2004 9 237-41

17 Lok AS Lai CL Wu PC Prevalence of isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection implications in hepatitis B vaccination programs Hepatology 1988 8 66-70

18 Bedossa P Dargere D Paradis V Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 2003 38 1449-57

19 Kaserer K Fiedler R Steindl P MUlier CH Wrba F Ferenci P Liver biopsy is a useful predictor of response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C Histopathology 1998 32 454-61

20 Mohanty SR Kupfer SS Khiani V Treatment of chronic hepatitis B Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol2006 3 446-58

21 Ishak K Baptista A Bianchi L Callea F De Groote J Gudat F et al Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis J Hepalo1 1995 22 696-9

22 Strader DB Wright T Thomas DL Seef LB Diagnosis management and treatment of hepatitis C Hepalology 2004 39 1147-71

23 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheotoridis GV Vassilopoulous D Precore mutant chronic hepatitis B-Approach to management Med Gen Med 2003 5 I

24 Liaw YF Sung 11 Chow WC Farrel a Lee CZ Yuen H el ai Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease N Engl J Med2004 351 1521-31

25 Manesis EK Hadziyannis SJ Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 200 I 121 101-9

26 Wong DKH Cheung AM ORourke K Naylor CD Detsky AS Heathcote 1 Effect of alpha interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigenshypositive chronic hepatitis B Ann intern Med 1993 119 312-23

27 Lau GK Piratvisuth YT Luo KX Marcellin P Thongsawat S Cooks ley a et al Peginterferon alfa-2a lamivudine and the combination for HBeAgshypositive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2005 352 2682-95

28 Lai CL Chien RN Leung NW Chang TT Guan R Tai 01 et al A oneshyyear trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 1998 339 61-8

29 Leung NWY Lai CL Chang IT Guan R Lee CM Ng KY et al Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates results after 3 years of therapy Hepalology 2001 33 1527-32

30 Guan R Lai CL Liaw YF et al Efficacy and safety of 5 years lamivudine treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B J Gaslroenlerol Hepalol2001 16 A 60-A 61

31 Liaw YF Results of lamivudine in Asian trials Proceedings of EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 2002 September 13shy14 Geneva Geneva European Association for the Study of the Liver

32 Marcellin P Chang T Lim S et al Increasing serologic virologic and

biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

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(fIlo)~ lt1) JIfr ALT bull ~~I)~lo~I~j~01ll9 bull

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HBeAg bull (1middotmiddotmiddot copiesml~) rmiddot middot IUml)I~fr HBV DNA bull

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pHBeAg bull IUml)I~fr HBV DNA bull

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CBC

real time PCRJgt)-~ quantitative HBV DNA bull

HCV Ab HDV Ab bull

(HIViujgtp)) hLo)raquo HIV Ab bull

IgG anti-HA V bull

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iS~iS~jST3) ~4JlcxLp jllS)) PCR

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bull 4YgtS)s0-j-o ~l )45 1 ~) lo4cy1 cs 1~1)4

bulllJb t) jSr--~ 0SJ IJi-gt ~Jb ) HCC 1 ~

HBeAb S HBeAgIfji HBV 0-j-o~-I~4IsI4j))

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~l lil~ 0 cr11)j )li ~j) HBV 0-j-o~ -I ~

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s ygt 01~ 45 $i) ) w-cs tSr$ltgtjllill) (r IUml JlLo 4ii (undetectable -tSr$Ojlli1 Jgtlr-C 4) ~ 0 ~l4Iiio cr1j1

cs )j

-I~I ~S~ jl IgG anti-HA V 01)~ tSlr 11jl cr1yi ltgt~

w-SI ~ anti-HA V tSl) 0 1 bull-= -I S I~I A 4Ygt sygt

~ -I04~ nmiddot lgt 0ygt1) tSlw~) yf jt)y A 4YgtJD

HIV JgtJ-O)01)~(jraquo liyen-~ anti-HAY tSl)1 HBV 0-j-o

li ir)yir~ cr1jl ~4

) ltgtS-I) HBV 0-j-o~ -I ~01)~ IW -I ~4fiJ1 J ~~

W JgtJ-O) 45 tSIIIW J4 ~ ~ (tSjsr-- 01)~

~L lir$) tSP4~ ~ HBV ~ jIliIltgtyen-~~ 4 ~

~ II 1 HBsAb HBsAg tS~L Jo~ HBV tSlr tSP4~

~ j4) HBVJD w-Slslo4 (~-HBsAb s HBsAg) j)j -I ~I

4 1 ~I~I r anti-HBc ~L tSP4~ 0 01~ -I yfl

) (isolated anti-HBc) li) ~ anti-HBcbQj 45 (0( ~I tSI1

4W ~~L~ tSlo~ Its ~~L bullII cr1j1 tSlltgt~

~ 0~10J) jygt ~~)~ C~I ~ 4 j li)II) HBV

~))~I- ~Ir s)s (low level HBV infection) ~-1 ~I~

~ IgM t~ jl anti-HBc 01 4i HBV Vsrs ~S)S 4s1 JgtI))~ s)~li

u-Sis y)jJ ~ 1 ~ ~I~ 0Li ~-1 HBV 4i ~I ~)~r ltiLi

sl~ ~ ~ s~I1 lraquo~ Amiddot li fJ )~ HBsAb 0~ ~~ HBV

u-S1j)-i ~II ~14i1 ~ ~1rL (V)~~-s~ ~anti-HBc

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L n li PyA J91lraquo sl)j~) 4i~-1)l)I)l) 0L)~ ~IL~

ftl HBV JWxi- ~lilt Irj bull)l st4j)s~s~T~ jI (-1 ~

t~ jl 0-i-Ygt js~ JW s)loI )~~ Lj yA)~ 1 shy

)l~J ~-HBeAg

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101)loI)~ (stage)

~-1 ~I~ Jjlgtr-cL ~j~ J91lgt ~-1 ~ 5-t-l- lti ~~

~I 4i 4gtlt -1 (~)~-1) sW ~ li Jol J91lgt S (IA)

-W (1gt middot1~ltlJI~~wA1 ~I 1 -l 5-t-l 1jI)t bull ur - )7Jlt )9 -sr - ~

~~~ JoIS )jlgt 4i 1 jl-l sS)L ~j~ )llciJ ) oJlbo

joILsects)loI0IilisIr~ )ll~ ALT 0~I~~~~ 5-t-l

f~~I~~ j)s~))~ ~ sIoJlbo)~ ~-1s~ 4gt ~~T4~-HBeAg 0 1)loIjl Xli ~r~1 (DDRC) dA~X

pr ~jlgt ~ yI() )l~I (Ishak stage~3) s~ 4gt joILsect jr9 sl)~

joILsect jjr9 sl)~ copiesml jIroSHBV DNA j ~~14 0 1)loI

() )l~Is~ 4gt

H -1IrAgtJL~s~~iT s1)~01)loI)~)l~I~Jl~s~1 s4-T-1sI)~s~ (r middot IUml) bullbull copiesml jlroSHBV DNA

jU ~ r- ~ Ji~ ulSW t 1 ~1S ~~ 1~1 0jli uJ

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~ JgtW 0)~ -r-145 wii)J-raquo~1 ~licJl ~I~1 d)~ jI J9 J

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~~~~LulJtci4451~1)~~bj-irJ ~~ulo~r

sl )gt 4) ( IUmlJ-lIJ-l ALT ul1~)~ Jl 0~ ~ Ijl~ (borderline)

)~j~ IJ ~~~~4 bullbull IUm1ISj-tjH j(fmiddot IUmIJL

u 1J-1 ~ I~I 0L)~ middot4 uJ lfbull U)~ UI)I~ ~~)~ 45 wii)J-gt

0d bullIj~JLuJ~T45~1)~)~J~~I~I~)jA)~u~

u~T 45 U)~ ~)jA)~ Jl 01~ ~ bullzIIj ~~jP JlA=i1 Jit u1

Ji~uIj1~1 bullbull IUmlVj-tjH jJL~~)~middotuJ

uJ u~T Ul)j~ ujIIj1 4 j ~IIj ul~ J ~~I~I ~

)Jlx j S~ )Jlx ~ jl h~ J-I Ij~~lS u~ I) U)~~

LJLogtLctI~JLfmiddot~Lmiddot L gt e~I~~~ -ltt) bull ltt _ ltt) Jbullbull y -t)

0L)~ t ~)jA )~ ti JI1~lS I~II) J ~~ j 1 ~ uJ ~

Ul)j~ ujIIj1 I I) uj middot4 01~ U)~ ~ I XS u~

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JI1~lSI~I~~

uJ-I45 JLuJ~T4~ HBeAgull~)~I~0tlJ-lj)lamp

~ HBeAg seroconversion JIraquo~ bull1 o~~I~ ~4 uJ u~T)4 r-Jjl

~j~r0Lr-tif U)~~~)jA)~I~4~tgt~~tgtJ1gt

HBeAg serocnversion 0 1w uJ u~T 0Jo~r-t~ )J-gt )~ J jI

()~~I~)J~~

J ~~~J-I)1S ~~)jA4jlj)IjJ~~I~I~JW45~I)~)~

J jjre3 ~~ u~LZ bullIj)~ ~~ ~~L ulbci4

Jl 01~ ~ middot~4 lo~r 0L)~ tr- ~)jA)~ u~ ulJ-l xj1lS

-__-shy

---------- ------------

HBV DNA H jI ~~) bullI ~~I DDRC ) cS ($Iwlh)

I~ ~HBeAg ($1) oI)) jl1lAJLJ-llSJT~)Io 0=A~JT

cr~ of) )I) ROC ~)ij ~j 41) ($~~~ JiL9 jr9

(n) lS ~~ (validation group) ijl of)middotAO

HBeAg ($1) 0I)o) ~S4~))S ) ltlgtgtG-)~ ltIi r ($~

bullwz-s0Li1)~ HBeAg~

1 0gt1 0~lA1 AO ~J jI J5 011~ cSlmiddot

(~~IJ0-)~rr~1 HCC P jlcSJ~Jlf jLJ J~I

1 ogt1o~lAIAO ~J jlJ5 011~ cSl

(~~IJ0-)~rr~1 HCC pjlcSP4f jLJ J~I

~~~ ~~ uloJ)

~~~~~ ~IoJ~ ~1~1

-1 ~)~ 0l jl~ rr JoIS ~~) C ~ J)lgt)I

0~Syr riA~ 0L)~ -s4rJ JlJlgt ~I~rJ ~lrj Jlozgtl

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($l+lL ($1)1 ($ ($~ lojl~ JIlJlgtI0t1-1-s~~ ($I)I)~ -slrj ~1

xr-sJU ~~ ~-9 s4r9lJlgt ~IJ

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t jlrro~ -1 ~ w)~ 0L)~)~ ~I HBeAg 0~~

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~(~)~)r bull IUmljlroS-1lr~~~ HBV DNAoS ($

jI~ oc )~JLOiI0tI~1 ~IJlo~I)~0L)~S))I HBsAg0~

lJlgt~-st0IJ~

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Is)~lio0~1~ t) Jlozgtl ~J4 ~)~~ x)~J 0L)~

0L~ loj~ljl oS ~~brIlto)~~ 0L)~1 (jJ ~)~~yenr

($~($~jJlrr~ 0L)~ tr ~))~ ($r~ ($I)I~

~rJU ~4~sr)~~~)~r HBV DNA

($~0rgt- I)rj-o ~~ )~ ~ sr)~~ ~cilr ~~)~4

( ~~)~ ~y- ~j 0t)~ ($~u ~~0rgt- ($~ u$-s

)I oS ~1 (Ishak scoring system) S~1~~~bWjl ($)~ 01r-)~

-1 (stage) ($~ jld0 r-- (grade) ($~j~ I~101r---1wT rL1

rllgt A )11)1 grade rllgt ~ 01) IS I or ~ISI~ )Jo

~ 4 f t)II)Igrade oNIH olSS~rU LI)I(n)M )11)1 stage

(11 I) lSci)~)rj-cy~slA- jl~l~A

4 f j~ stage r-o C rj-cy)sJS ~~ Ji19 s)~ S)LloI

r)Ir itsJS s~i as s-9 s)~ ~~ (n) 1 ~

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jI s)l-i Jlgt 0 t ~ j~ 0lo) A 1 ~ s)loI A ~ )

(gray zone) it J~ A ~~~~j~~ slAci4 401)loI

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)YSC )JoA as s)loII~J~01~A~)~Jo~t~)loI~

Stage Y IVlmi r)I~ Jlo) )11)1 j1 J-=sJS s~1

0~sAaS)lgt )A)0lo)J)JS ~~) grader

sJS s~T t ) AL ~J~~ slAci4 t ~I~ )loI 0lo)

it sJS ~T sl 01)~ 1 ~I 0e4 r)I ~ Jlo ~

sJS s~T yS) it Jic)IL ~ jI ~t ~ ~J~~ slAci4

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slA~llaS ltSi)~ )04)~ Jir)~sAJ ~4

(it r)I~ tI~ i4)l-isJS s~T)c)sJS s)~J~

(rr) ci)yhi)0l( s)I0lo) rou~T)

4 (ci~ ~j~) f )11)1 stage Jlo~sJS ~T as s)~4J stagef sl 0)~ ) ) as s1wU ) ~ 10lo) Joj~ i it

as l ~~I JlosJS ~T dJ~ jlIYmiddot 01) ~r~1 iL

tgt~y r~)lS oL)01r jr- j)I ~lo Ji1~1S r)IQ 0lo)

ri0lo)J s)loI~I~0)I~ Hrtl

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~ sO)) grade j(~~j~) stage I jcImiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot IUmi

))li)p~lS wLbj S)~s)~~wLo))))Y))~)5 I(4~)))

~I)P J)lgt1 ~jtl)) ~ J JI ))yentl)) Ji~ sw1 p IJt

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s)~ ~ c1 ~~I) )~I (SI )9 jr ij) )9jr ~Lo)

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~ $i)))(yLwo~fI~~)ltIi)Y4s~(Igt1yIsI))w)~cIfjY

Jit9s~ y4(cl1 ltIi ~ 4 li)I) (144 stage r)bs~ j~

~ $i))) (II1)liy) Lh)J~ (Y4 ~ grade y) ~i

(~~ stage f) ci~s~j~ i JLo s~ (Igt1yT sl)) W)~

JLos~ (Igt1yIsI)bW)~ (III) liy)wLo))J I(4 bullw4 c1)

(I1I)li~WLo))cI~i stage I

~~~~~ yLoJt ISt~ o~~b ISIaJtt

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-efovir dipivoxiI) -Ij9)1 t)jr1 Wlw~WTwjI))iJ

j (Bamclude s)Gt fli 4 entecavir) )jl5i1 (Hepsera s~ fli 4 ad

(Tyzeka s)Gt fli 4 telbivudine) t)j~

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t~ o~wr jjr-- ltIi ~W)~ )) w oJrA c1 lt$j))

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middot~~~t)srL56-gtyLi~~ (I~ Ijj) 0-ltgtJ-o~

t)sJ4JLgtI))~~~jJ)Ij)~~~j~J~J-o~~

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I~~~J jlrS w~ampi r~1

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middot~445

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liaJTWri l)1)1S ltIiWo0-ltIsI)1wlt5))sJs)b~jl~yJb

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tlt-gt4 WLo)l ltIi f+ middot~4 HBV DNA 14 ALT sIl wl)

llgt ~ )l y w~ 4 HBeAg wl ~ wr-o (n)~llt5

~~ ll zn )l y 0-ltl~14 ul~ WLo)l (yV) bull1 (Irf)

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6J l WLo)l bl (rA) llt5 (HBeAg seroconversion) HBeAb wl

s~)lt Ji11 ~ JI ~ l s~l1middot Ji1 ~ JI

(fmiddot y~) llt5 HBeAg seroconversion

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References

L Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2001 34 1225-41

2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

13 Lok AS Heathcote EJ Hoofuagle JH Management of hepatitis B 2000-shysummary of a workshop Gastroenterology 200 I 120 1828-53

14 Chu CJ Hussain M Lok ASF Quantitative serum HBV DNA levels during different stages of chronic hepatitis B infection Hepatology 2002 36 1408-15

15 I10eje UH Yang HI Su J Jen CL You SL Chen CJ Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver DiseaseCancer-In HBV (the

REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

16 Moghani Lankarani M Alavian SM Manzoori Joybari H Anti HAV antibody in HBV carriers Govaresh 2004 9 237-41

17 Lok AS Lai CL Wu PC Prevalence of isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection implications in hepatitis B vaccination programs Hepatology 1988 8 66-70

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19 Kaserer K Fiedler R Steindl P MUlier CH Wrba F Ferenci P Liver biopsy is a useful predictor of response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C Histopathology 1998 32 454-61

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22 Strader DB Wright T Thomas DL Seef LB Diagnosis management and treatment of hepatitis C Hepalology 2004 39 1147-71

23 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheotoridis GV Vassilopoulous D Precore mutant chronic hepatitis B-Approach to management Med Gen Med 2003 5 I

24 Liaw YF Sung 11 Chow WC Farrel a Lee CZ Yuen H el ai Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease N Engl J Med2004 351 1521-31

25 Manesis EK Hadziyannis SJ Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 200 I 121 101-9

26 Wong DKH Cheung AM ORourke K Naylor CD Detsky AS Heathcote 1 Effect of alpha interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigenshypositive chronic hepatitis B Ann intern Med 1993 119 312-23

27 Lau GK Piratvisuth YT Luo KX Marcellin P Thongsawat S Cooks ley a et al Peginterferon alfa-2a lamivudine and the combination for HBeAgshypositive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2005 352 2682-95

28 Lai CL Chien RN Leung NW Chang TT Guan R Tai 01 et al A oneshyyear trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 1998 339 61-8

29 Leung NWY Lai CL Chang IT Guan R Lee CM Ng KY et al Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates results after 3 years of therapy Hepalology 2001 33 1527-32

30 Guan R Lai CL Liaw YF et al Efficacy and safety of 5 years lamivudine treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B J Gaslroenlerol Hepalol2001 16 A 60-A 61

31 Liaw YF Results of lamivudine in Asian trials Proceedings of EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 2002 September 13shy14 Geneva Geneva European Association for the Study of the Liver

32 Marcellin P Chang T Lim S et al Increasing serologic virologic and

biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

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(0) 1 j~o~~~ JltgtI- Lrlr--+o jI ~HBV DNA

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10-j-o ~ljfri IgM anti-HBc 0gt ~

HBV JJW~JJu 01 jlJ HBsAg bull

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(fIlo)~ lt1) JIfr ALT bull ~~I)~lo~I~j~01ll9 bull

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HBeAg bull (1middotmiddotmiddot copiesml~) rmiddot middot IUml)I~fr HBV DNA bull

(lo ~ fIlo)~ lt1) )4 fr ALT bull ~~I)~~HI9~j~ bull

~HBeAg c jl v-oi- 44a I I J HBsAg bull

pHBeAg bull IUml)I~fr HBV DNA bull

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CBC

real time PCRJgt)-~ quantitative HBV DNA bull

HCV Ab HDV Ab bull

(HIViujgtp)) hLo)raquo HIV Ab bull

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iS~iS~jST3) ~4JlcxLp jllS)) PCR

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bull 4YgtS)s0-j-o ~l )45 1 ~) lo4cy1 cs 1~1)4

bulllJb t) jSr--~ 0SJ IJi-gt ~Jb ) HCC 1 ~

HBeAb S HBeAgIfji HBV 0-j-o~-I~4IsI4j))

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~l lil~ 0 cr11)j )li ~j) HBV 0-j-o~ -I ~

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s ygt 01~ 45 $i) ) w-cs tSr$ltgtjllill) (r IUml JlLo 4ii (undetectable -tSr$Ojlli1 Jgtlr-C 4) ~ 0 ~l4Iiio cr1j1

cs )j

-I~I ~S~ jl IgG anti-HA V 01)~ tSlr 11jl cr1yi ltgt~

w-SI ~ anti-HA V tSl) 0 1 bull-= -I S I~I A 4Ygt sygt

~ -I04~ nmiddot lgt 0ygt1) tSlw~) yf jt)y A 4YgtJD

HIV JgtJ-O)01)~(jraquo liyen-~ anti-HAY tSl)1 HBV 0-j-o

li ir)yir~ cr1jl ~4

) ltgtS-I) HBV 0-j-o~ -I ~01)~ IW -I ~4fiJ1 J ~~

W JgtJ-O) 45 tSIIIW J4 ~ ~ (tSjsr-- 01)~

~L lir$) tSP4~ ~ HBV ~ jIliIltgtyen-~~ 4 ~

~ II 1 HBsAb HBsAg tS~L Jo~ HBV tSlr tSP4~

~ j4) HBVJD w-Slslo4 (~-HBsAb s HBsAg) j)j -I ~I

4 1 ~I~I r anti-HBc ~L tSP4~ 0 01~ -I yfl

) (isolated anti-HBc) li) ~ anti-HBcbQj 45 (0( ~I tSI1

4W ~~L~ tSlo~ Its ~~L bullII cr1j1 tSlltgt~

~ 0~10J) jygt ~~)~ C~I ~ 4 j li)II) HBV

~))~I- ~Ir s)s (low level HBV infection) ~-1 ~I~

~ IgM t~ jl anti-HBc 01 4i HBV Vsrs ~S)S 4s1 JgtI))~ s)~li

u-Sis y)jJ ~ 1 ~ ~I~ 0Li ~-1 HBV 4i ~I ~)~r ltiLi

sl~ ~ ~ s~I1 lraquo~ Amiddot li fJ )~ HBsAb 0~ ~~ HBV

u-S1j)-i ~II ~14i1 ~ ~1rL (V)~~-s~ ~anti-HBc

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L n li PyA J91lraquo sl)j~) 4i~-1)l)I)l) 0L)~ ~IL~

ftl HBV JWxi- ~lilt Irj bull)l st4j)s~s~T~ jI (-1 ~

t~ jl 0-i-Ygt js~ JW s)loI )~~ Lj yA)~ 1 shy

)l~J ~-HBeAg

Y~~Jj~~~~~~~~ s~jsr901~ j (grade) jj~S +-l101r--~~ 5-t-ljl9lJ1

101)loI)~ (stage)

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~I 4i 4gtlt -1 (~)~-1) sW ~ li Jol J91lgt S (IA)

-W (1gt middot1~ltlJI~~wA1 ~I 1 -l 5-t-l 1jI)t bull ur - )7Jlt )9 -sr - ~

~~~ JoIS )jlgt 4i 1 jl-l sS)L ~j~ )llciJ ) oJlbo

joILsects)loI0IilisIr~ )ll~ ALT 0~I~~~~ 5-t-l

f~~I~~ j)s~))~ ~ sIoJlbo)~ ~-1s~ 4gt ~~T4~-HBeAg 0 1)loIjl Xli ~r~1 (DDRC) dA~X

pr ~jlgt ~ yI() )l~I (Ishak stage~3) s~ 4gt joILsect jr9 sl)~

joILsect jjr9 sl)~ copiesml jIroSHBV DNA j ~~14 0 1)loI

() )l~Is~ 4gt

H -1IrAgtJL~s~~iT s1)~01)loI)~)l~I~Jl~s~1 s4-T-1sI)~s~ (r middot IUml) bullbull copiesml jlroSHBV DNA

jU ~ r- ~ Ji~ ulSW t 1 ~1S ~~ 1~1 0jli uJ

4 11) Ij~ uJ ~ U)~ u9 JLogtI ~ 45 ~1)~)~ Ij~j-i Jlio

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~ JgtW 0)~ -r-145 wii)J-raquo~1 ~licJl ~I~1 d)~ jI J9 J

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~~~~LulJtci4451~1)~~bj-irJ ~~ulo~r

sl )gt 4) ( IUmlJ-lIJ-l ALT ul1~)~ Jl 0~ ~ Ijl~ (borderline)

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u 1J-1 ~ I~I 0L)~ middot4 uJ lfbull U)~ UI)I~ ~~)~ 45 wii)J-gt

0d bullIj~JLuJ~T45~1)~)~J~~I~I~)jA)~u~

u~T 45 U)~ ~)jA)~ Jl 01~ ~ bullzIIj ~~jP JlA=i1 Jit u1

Ji~uIj1~1 bullbull IUmlVj-tjH jJL~~)~middotuJ

uJ u~T Ul)j~ ujIIj1 4 j ~IIj ul~ J ~~I~I ~

)Jlx j S~ )Jlx ~ jl h~ J-I Ij~~lS u~ I) U)~~

LJLogtLctI~JLfmiddot~Lmiddot L gt e~I~~~ -ltt) bull ltt _ ltt) Jbullbull y -t)

0L)~ t ~)jA )~ ti JI1~lS I~II) J ~~ j 1 ~ uJ ~

Ul)j~ ujIIj1 I I) uj middot4 01~ U)~ ~ I XS u~

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JI1~lSI~I~~

uJ-I45 JLuJ~T4~ HBeAgull~)~I~0tlJ-lj)lamp

~ HBeAg seroconversion JIraquo~ bull1 o~~I~ ~4 uJ u~T)4 r-Jjl

~j~r0Lr-tif U)~~~)jA)~I~4~tgt~~tgtJ1gt

HBeAg serocnversion 0 1w uJ u~T 0Jo~r-t~ )J-gt )~ J jI

()~~I~)J~~

J ~~~J-I)1S ~~)jA4jlj)IjJ~~I~I~JW45~I)~)~

J jjre3 ~~ u~LZ bullIj)~ ~~ ~~L ulbci4

Jl 01~ ~ middot~4 lo~r 0L)~ tr- ~)jA)~ u~ ulJ-l xj1lS

-__-shy

---------- ------------

HBV DNA H jI ~~) bullI ~~I DDRC ) cS ($Iwlh)

I~ ~HBeAg ($1) oI)) jl1lAJLJ-llSJT~)Io 0=A~JT

cr~ of) )I) ROC ~)ij ~j 41) ($~~~ JiL9 jr9

(n) lS ~~ (validation group) ijl of)middotAO

HBeAg ($1) 0I)o) ~S4~))S ) ltlgtgtG-)~ ltIi r ($~

bullwz-s0Li1)~ HBeAg~

1 0gt1 0~lA1 AO ~J jI J5 011~ cSlmiddot

(~~IJ0-)~rr~1 HCC P jlcSJ~Jlf jLJ J~I

1 ogt1o~lAIAO ~J jlJ5 011~ cSl

(~~IJ0-)~rr~1 HCC pjlcSP4f jLJ J~I

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~~~~~ ~IoJ~ ~1~1

-1 ~)~ 0l jl~ rr JoIS ~~) C ~ J)lgt)I

0~Syr riA~ 0L)~ -s4rJ JlJlgt ~I~rJ ~lrj Jlozgtl

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($l+lL ($1)1 ($ ($~ lojl~ JIlJlgtI0t1-1-s~~ ($I)I)~ -slrj ~1

xr-sJU ~~ ~-9 s4r9lJlgt ~IJ

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t jlrro~ -1 ~ w)~ 0L)~)~ ~I HBeAg 0~~

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~(~)~)r bull IUmljlroS-1lr~~~ HBV DNAoS ($

jI~ oc )~JLOiI0tI~1 ~IJlo~I)~0L)~S))I HBsAg0~

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Is)~lio0~1~ t) Jlozgtl ~J4 ~)~~ x)~J 0L)~

0L~ loj~ljl oS ~~brIlto)~~ 0L)~1 (jJ ~)~~yenr

($~($~jJlrr~ 0L)~ tr ~))~ ($r~ ($I)I~

~rJU ~4~sr)~~~)~r HBV DNA

($~0rgt- I)rj-o ~~ )~ ~ sr)~~ ~cilr ~~)~4

( ~~)~ ~y- ~j 0t)~ ($~u ~~0rgt- ($~ u$-s

)I oS ~1 (Ishak scoring system) S~1~~~bWjl ($)~ 01r-)~

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~ 4 f t)II)Igrade oNIH olSS~rU LI)I(n)M )11)1 stage

(11 I) lSci)~)rj-cy~slA- jl~l~A

4 f j~ stage r-o C rj-cy)sJS ~~ Ji19 s)~ S)LloI

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(gray zone) it J~ A ~~~~j~~ slAci4 401)loI

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sJS s~T t ) AL ~J~~ slAci4 t ~I~ )loI 0lo)

it sJS ~T sl 01)~ 1 ~I 0e4 r)I ~ Jlo ~

sJS s~T yS) it Jic)IL ~ jI ~t ~ ~J~~ slAci4

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slA~llaS ltSi)~ )04)~ Jir)~sAJ ~4

(it r)I~ tI~ i4)l-isJS s~T)c)sJS s)~J~

(rr) ci)yhi)0l( s)I0lo) rou~T)

4 (ci~ ~j~) f )11)1 stage Jlo~sJS ~T as s)~4J stagef sl 0)~ ) ) as s1wU ) ~ 10lo) Joj~ i it

as l ~~I JlosJS ~T dJ~ jlIYmiddot 01) ~r~1 iL

tgt~y r~)lS oL)01r jr- j)I ~lo Ji1~1S r)IQ 0lo)

ri0lo)J s)loI~I~0)I~ Hrtl

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~ sO)) grade j(~~j~) stage I jcImiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot IUmi

))li)p~lS wLbj S)~s)~~wLo))))Y))~)5 I(4~)))

~I)P J)lgt1 ~jtl)) ~ J JI ))yentl)) Ji~ sw1 p IJt

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s)~ ~ c1 ~~I) )~I (SI )9 jr ij) )9jr ~Lo)

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Jit9s~ y4(cl1 ltIi ~ 4 li)I) (144 stage r)bs~ j~

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(~~ stage f) ci~s~j~ i JLo s~ (Igt1yT sl)) W)~

JLos~ (Igt1yIsI)bW)~ (III) liy)wLo))J I(4 bullw4 c1)

(I1I)li~WLo))cI~i stage I

~~~~~ yLoJt ISt~ o~~b ISIaJtt

~ c1 0)5 ~b y 0- 4~ WLo)) sly I) j)) w~li FDA

-efovir dipivoxiI) -Ij9)1 t)jr1 Wlw~WTwjI))iJ

j (Bamclude s)Gt fli 4 entecavir) )jl5i1 (Hepsera s~ fli 4 ad

(Tyzeka s)Gt fli 4 telbivudine) t)j~

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t~ o~wr jjr-- ltIi ~W)~ )) w oJrA c1 lt$j))

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(r) l~lt5 W zrr )l (HBeAg loss) HBeAg wl ~~

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llgt ~ )l y w~ 4 HBeAg wl ~ wr-o (n)~llt5

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6J l WLo)l bl (rA) llt5 (HBeAg seroconversion) HBeAb wl

s~)lt Ji11 ~ JI ~ l s~l1middot Ji1 ~ JI

(fmiddot y~) llt5 HBeAg seroconversion

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(f1) bulllSlt5 S-I~LA ~~Ill ZF1l JI ~

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seroconversion ~ 0-lt 4 u16J WLo)~ wI1W)~ HBeAg

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jl bull)Ol 11 ltIiwLo)~ JI6J jl ~Jwr-o) )~L wLo)~JIs

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(n ff) 1

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w~ ll- ~ ~ HBV DNA peR W)~ zrr)~ HBeAg

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References

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2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

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5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

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REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

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27 Lau GK Piratvisuth YT Luo KX Marcellin P Thongsawat S Cooks ley a et al Peginterferon alfa-2a lamivudine and the combination for HBeAgshypositive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2005 352 2682-95

28 Lai CL Chien RN Leung NW Chang TT Guan R Tai 01 et al A oneshyyear trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 1998 339 61-8

29 Leung NWY Lai CL Chang IT Guan R Lee CM Ng KY et al Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates results after 3 years of therapy Hepalology 2001 33 1527-32

30 Guan R Lai CL Liaw YF et al Efficacy and safety of 5 years lamivudine treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B J Gaslroenlerol Hepalol2001 16 A 60-A 61

31 Liaw YF Results of lamivudine in Asian trials Proceedings of EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 2002 September 13shy14 Geneva Geneva European Association for the Study of the Liver

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biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 4: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

Prof Reza Malekzadeh

Prof Seyed Moayed Alavian

Prof Rahim Aghazadeh

Prof Anna SF Lok

Prof Mario Rizzetto

Prof Jens Rasenack

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real time PCRJgt)-~ quantitative HBV DNA bull

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cs )j

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w-SI ~ anti-HA V tSl) 0 1 bull-= -I S I~I A 4Ygt sygt

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HIV JgtJ-O)01)~(jraquo liyen-~ anti-HAY tSl)1 HBV 0-j-o

li ir)yir~ cr1jl ~4

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HBV DNA H jI ~~) bullI ~~I DDRC ) cS ($Iwlh)

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cr~ of) )I) ROC ~)ij ~j 41) ($~~~ JiL9 jr9

(n) lS ~~ (validation group) ijl of)middotAO

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References

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biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

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38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

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42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

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Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

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Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

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59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

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61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

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References

L Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2001 34 1225-41

2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

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8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

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REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

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30 Guan R Lai CL Liaw YF et al Efficacy and safety of 5 years lamivudine treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B J Gaslroenlerol Hepalol2001 16 A 60-A 61

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biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

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36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 6: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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References

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2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

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25 Manesis EK Hadziyannis SJ Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 200 I 121 101-9

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33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

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71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

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85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 8: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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References

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3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

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8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

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biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

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36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

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Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

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Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

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61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

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References

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2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

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33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

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References

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2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

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14 Chu CJ Hussain M Lok ASF Quantitative serum HBV DNA levels during different stages of chronic hepatitis B infection Hepatology 2002 36 1408-15

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REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

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biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

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35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

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38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

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52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

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Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

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61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 11: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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References

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35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 12: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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References

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3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

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8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

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biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

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35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

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5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 13: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

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6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

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8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

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II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

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REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

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biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

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36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

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38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

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) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

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Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

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61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 14: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 15: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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References

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2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

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6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

13 Lok AS Heathcote EJ Hoofuagle JH Management of hepatitis B 2000-shysummary of a workshop Gastroenterology 200 I 120 1828-53

14 Chu CJ Hussain M Lok ASF Quantitative serum HBV DNA levels during different stages of chronic hepatitis B infection Hepatology 2002 36 1408-15

15 I10eje UH Yang HI Su J Jen CL You SL Chen CJ Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver DiseaseCancer-In HBV (the

REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

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17 Lok AS Lai CL Wu PC Prevalence of isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection implications in hepatitis B vaccination programs Hepatology 1988 8 66-70

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19 Kaserer K Fiedler R Steindl P MUlier CH Wrba F Ferenci P Liver biopsy is a useful predictor of response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C Histopathology 1998 32 454-61

20 Mohanty SR Kupfer SS Khiani V Treatment of chronic hepatitis B Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol2006 3 446-58

21 Ishak K Baptista A Bianchi L Callea F De Groote J Gudat F et al Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis J Hepalo1 1995 22 696-9

22 Strader DB Wright T Thomas DL Seef LB Diagnosis management and treatment of hepatitis C Hepalology 2004 39 1147-71

23 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheotoridis GV Vassilopoulous D Precore mutant chronic hepatitis B-Approach to management Med Gen Med 2003 5 I

24 Liaw YF Sung 11 Chow WC Farrel a Lee CZ Yuen H el ai Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease N Engl J Med2004 351 1521-31

25 Manesis EK Hadziyannis SJ Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 200 I 121 101-9

26 Wong DKH Cheung AM ORourke K Naylor CD Detsky AS Heathcote 1 Effect of alpha interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigenshypositive chronic hepatitis B Ann intern Med 1993 119 312-23

27 Lau GK Piratvisuth YT Luo KX Marcellin P Thongsawat S Cooks ley a et al Peginterferon alfa-2a lamivudine and the combination for HBeAgshypositive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2005 352 2682-95

28 Lai CL Chien RN Leung NW Chang TT Guan R Tai 01 et al A oneshyyear trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 1998 339 61-8

29 Leung NWY Lai CL Chang IT Guan R Lee CM Ng KY et al Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates results after 3 years of therapy Hepalology 2001 33 1527-32

30 Guan R Lai CL Liaw YF et al Efficacy and safety of 5 years lamivudine treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B J Gaslroenlerol Hepalol2001 16 A 60-A 61

31 Liaw YF Results of lamivudine in Asian trials Proceedings of EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 2002 September 13shy14 Geneva Geneva European Association for the Study of the Liver

32 Marcellin P Chang T Lim S et al Increasing serologic virologic and

biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 16: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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References

L Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2001 34 1225-41

2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

13 Lok AS Heathcote EJ Hoofuagle JH Management of hepatitis B 2000-shysummary of a workshop Gastroenterology 200 I 120 1828-53

14 Chu CJ Hussain M Lok ASF Quantitative serum HBV DNA levels during different stages of chronic hepatitis B infection Hepatology 2002 36 1408-15

15 I10eje UH Yang HI Su J Jen CL You SL Chen CJ Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver DiseaseCancer-In HBV (the

REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

16 Moghani Lankarani M Alavian SM Manzoori Joybari H Anti HAV antibody in HBV carriers Govaresh 2004 9 237-41

17 Lok AS Lai CL Wu PC Prevalence of isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection implications in hepatitis B vaccination programs Hepatology 1988 8 66-70

18 Bedossa P Dargere D Paradis V Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 2003 38 1449-57

19 Kaserer K Fiedler R Steindl P MUlier CH Wrba F Ferenci P Liver biopsy is a useful predictor of response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C Histopathology 1998 32 454-61

20 Mohanty SR Kupfer SS Khiani V Treatment of chronic hepatitis B Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol2006 3 446-58

21 Ishak K Baptista A Bianchi L Callea F De Groote J Gudat F et al Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis J Hepalo1 1995 22 696-9

22 Strader DB Wright T Thomas DL Seef LB Diagnosis management and treatment of hepatitis C Hepalology 2004 39 1147-71

23 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheotoridis GV Vassilopoulous D Precore mutant chronic hepatitis B-Approach to management Med Gen Med 2003 5 I

24 Liaw YF Sung 11 Chow WC Farrel a Lee CZ Yuen H el ai Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease N Engl J Med2004 351 1521-31

25 Manesis EK Hadziyannis SJ Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 200 I 121 101-9

26 Wong DKH Cheung AM ORourke K Naylor CD Detsky AS Heathcote 1 Effect of alpha interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigenshypositive chronic hepatitis B Ann intern Med 1993 119 312-23

27 Lau GK Piratvisuth YT Luo KX Marcellin P Thongsawat S Cooks ley a et al Peginterferon alfa-2a lamivudine and the combination for HBeAgshypositive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2005 352 2682-95

28 Lai CL Chien RN Leung NW Chang TT Guan R Tai 01 et al A oneshyyear trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 1998 339 61-8

29 Leung NWY Lai CL Chang IT Guan R Lee CM Ng KY et al Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates results after 3 years of therapy Hepalology 2001 33 1527-32

30 Guan R Lai CL Liaw YF et al Efficacy and safety of 5 years lamivudine treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B J Gaslroenlerol Hepalol2001 16 A 60-A 61

31 Liaw YF Results of lamivudine in Asian trials Proceedings of EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 2002 September 13shy14 Geneva Geneva European Association for the Study of the Liver

32 Marcellin P Chang T Lim S et al Increasing serologic virologic and

biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 17: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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References

L Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2001 34 1225-41

2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

13 Lok AS Heathcote EJ Hoofuagle JH Management of hepatitis B 2000-shysummary of a workshop Gastroenterology 200 I 120 1828-53

14 Chu CJ Hussain M Lok ASF Quantitative serum HBV DNA levels during different stages of chronic hepatitis B infection Hepatology 2002 36 1408-15

15 I10eje UH Yang HI Su J Jen CL You SL Chen CJ Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver DiseaseCancer-In HBV (the

REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

16 Moghani Lankarani M Alavian SM Manzoori Joybari H Anti HAV antibody in HBV carriers Govaresh 2004 9 237-41

17 Lok AS Lai CL Wu PC Prevalence of isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection implications in hepatitis B vaccination programs Hepatology 1988 8 66-70

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19 Kaserer K Fiedler R Steindl P MUlier CH Wrba F Ferenci P Liver biopsy is a useful predictor of response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C Histopathology 1998 32 454-61

20 Mohanty SR Kupfer SS Khiani V Treatment of chronic hepatitis B Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol2006 3 446-58

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22 Strader DB Wright T Thomas DL Seef LB Diagnosis management and treatment of hepatitis C Hepalology 2004 39 1147-71

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24 Liaw YF Sung 11 Chow WC Farrel a Lee CZ Yuen H el ai Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease N Engl J Med2004 351 1521-31

25 Manesis EK Hadziyannis SJ Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 200 I 121 101-9

26 Wong DKH Cheung AM ORourke K Naylor CD Detsky AS Heathcote 1 Effect of alpha interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigenshypositive chronic hepatitis B Ann intern Med 1993 119 312-23

27 Lau GK Piratvisuth YT Luo KX Marcellin P Thongsawat S Cooks ley a et al Peginterferon alfa-2a lamivudine and the combination for HBeAgshypositive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2005 352 2682-95

28 Lai CL Chien RN Leung NW Chang TT Guan R Tai 01 et al A oneshyyear trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 1998 339 61-8

29 Leung NWY Lai CL Chang IT Guan R Lee CM Ng KY et al Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates results after 3 years of therapy Hepalology 2001 33 1527-32

30 Guan R Lai CL Liaw YF et al Efficacy and safety of 5 years lamivudine treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B J Gaslroenlerol Hepalol2001 16 A 60-A 61

31 Liaw YF Results of lamivudine in Asian trials Proceedings of EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 2002 September 13shy14 Geneva Geneva European Association for the Study of the Liver

32 Marcellin P Chang T Lim S et al Increasing serologic virologic and

biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

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References

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2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

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7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

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II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

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14 Chu CJ Hussain M Lok ASF Quantitative serum HBV DNA levels during different stages of chronic hepatitis B infection Hepatology 2002 36 1408-15

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REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

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17 Lok AS Lai CL Wu PC Prevalence of isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection implications in hepatitis B vaccination programs Hepatology 1988 8 66-70

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19 Kaserer K Fiedler R Steindl P MUlier CH Wrba F Ferenci P Liver biopsy is a useful predictor of response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C Histopathology 1998 32 454-61

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21 Ishak K Baptista A Bianchi L Callea F De Groote J Gudat F et al Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis J Hepalo1 1995 22 696-9

22 Strader DB Wright T Thomas DL Seef LB Diagnosis management and treatment of hepatitis C Hepalology 2004 39 1147-71

23 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheotoridis GV Vassilopoulous D Precore mutant chronic hepatitis B-Approach to management Med Gen Med 2003 5 I

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25 Manesis EK Hadziyannis SJ Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 200 I 121 101-9

26 Wong DKH Cheung AM ORourke K Naylor CD Detsky AS Heathcote 1 Effect of alpha interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigenshypositive chronic hepatitis B Ann intern Med 1993 119 312-23

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28 Lai CL Chien RN Leung NW Chang TT Guan R Tai 01 et al A oneshyyear trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 1998 339 61-8

29 Leung NWY Lai CL Chang IT Guan R Lee CM Ng KY et al Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates results after 3 years of therapy Hepalology 2001 33 1527-32

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31 Liaw YF Results of lamivudine in Asian trials Proceedings of EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 2002 September 13shy14 Geneva Geneva European Association for the Study of the Liver

32 Marcellin P Chang T Lim S et al Increasing serologic virologic and

biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

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References

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2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

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) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

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52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

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2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

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14 Chu CJ Hussain M Lok ASF Quantitative serum HBV DNA levels during different stages of chronic hepatitis B infection Hepatology 2002 36 1408-15

15 I10eje UH Yang HI Su J Jen CL You SL Chen CJ Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver DiseaseCancer-In HBV (the

REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

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17 Lok AS Lai CL Wu PC Prevalence of isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection implications in hepatitis B vaccination programs Hepatology 1988 8 66-70

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biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

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5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 21: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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References

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3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

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5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

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REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

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30 Guan R Lai CL Liaw YF et al Efficacy and safety of 5 years lamivudine treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B J Gaslroenlerol Hepalol2001 16 A 60-A 61

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biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

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35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 22: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

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38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

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43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

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45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

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~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

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aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

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71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 23: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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References

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2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

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REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

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biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

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34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 24: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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References

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2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

13 Lok AS Heathcote EJ Hoofuagle JH Management of hepatitis B 2000-shysummary of a workshop Gastroenterology 200 I 120 1828-53

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REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

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29 Leung NWY Lai CL Chang IT Guan R Lee CM Ng KY et al Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates results after 3 years of therapy Hepalology 2001 33 1527-32

30 Guan R Lai CL Liaw YF et al Efficacy and safety of 5 years lamivudine treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B J Gaslroenlerol Hepalol2001 16 A 60-A 61

31 Liaw YF Results of lamivudine in Asian trials Proceedings of EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 2002 September 13shy14 Geneva Geneva European Association for the Study of the Liver

32 Marcellin P Chang T Lim S et al Increasing serologic virologic and

biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

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3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

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biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

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36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

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5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

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55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

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Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

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References

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2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

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REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

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biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

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5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

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Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

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References

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3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

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8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

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biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

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36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

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38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

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Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

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Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

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61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

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aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

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69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 28: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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References

L Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2001 34 1225-41

2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

13 Lok AS Heathcote EJ Hoofuagle JH Management of hepatitis B 2000-shysummary of a workshop Gastroenterology 200 I 120 1828-53

14 Chu CJ Hussain M Lok ASF Quantitative serum HBV DNA levels during different stages of chronic hepatitis B infection Hepatology 2002 36 1408-15

15 I10eje UH Yang HI Su J Jen CL You SL Chen CJ Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver DiseaseCancer-In HBV (the

REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

16 Moghani Lankarani M Alavian SM Manzoori Joybari H Anti HAV antibody in HBV carriers Govaresh 2004 9 237-41

17 Lok AS Lai CL Wu PC Prevalence of isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection implications in hepatitis B vaccination programs Hepatology 1988 8 66-70

18 Bedossa P Dargere D Paradis V Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 2003 38 1449-57

19 Kaserer K Fiedler R Steindl P MUlier CH Wrba F Ferenci P Liver biopsy is a useful predictor of response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C Histopathology 1998 32 454-61

20 Mohanty SR Kupfer SS Khiani V Treatment of chronic hepatitis B Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol2006 3 446-58

21 Ishak K Baptista A Bianchi L Callea F De Groote J Gudat F et al Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis J Hepalo1 1995 22 696-9

22 Strader DB Wright T Thomas DL Seef LB Diagnosis management and treatment of hepatitis C Hepalology 2004 39 1147-71

23 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheotoridis GV Vassilopoulous D Precore mutant chronic hepatitis B-Approach to management Med Gen Med 2003 5 I

24 Liaw YF Sung 11 Chow WC Farrel a Lee CZ Yuen H el ai Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease N Engl J Med2004 351 1521-31

25 Manesis EK Hadziyannis SJ Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 200 I 121 101-9

26 Wong DKH Cheung AM ORourke K Naylor CD Detsky AS Heathcote 1 Effect of alpha interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigenshypositive chronic hepatitis B Ann intern Med 1993 119 312-23

27 Lau GK Piratvisuth YT Luo KX Marcellin P Thongsawat S Cooks ley a et al Peginterferon alfa-2a lamivudine and the combination for HBeAgshypositive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2005 352 2682-95

28 Lai CL Chien RN Leung NW Chang TT Guan R Tai 01 et al A oneshyyear trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 1998 339 61-8

29 Leung NWY Lai CL Chang IT Guan R Lee CM Ng KY et al Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates results after 3 years of therapy Hepalology 2001 33 1527-32

30 Guan R Lai CL Liaw YF et al Efficacy and safety of 5 years lamivudine treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B J Gaslroenlerol Hepalol2001 16 A 60-A 61

31 Liaw YF Results of lamivudine in Asian trials Proceedings of EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 2002 September 13shy14 Geneva Geneva European Association for the Study of the Liver

32 Marcellin P Chang T Lim S et al Increasing serologic virologic and

biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 29: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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References

L Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2001 34 1225-41

2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

13 Lok AS Heathcote EJ Hoofuagle JH Management of hepatitis B 2000-shysummary of a workshop Gastroenterology 200 I 120 1828-53

14 Chu CJ Hussain M Lok ASF Quantitative serum HBV DNA levels during different stages of chronic hepatitis B infection Hepatology 2002 36 1408-15

15 I10eje UH Yang HI Su J Jen CL You SL Chen CJ Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver DiseaseCancer-In HBV (the

REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

16 Moghani Lankarani M Alavian SM Manzoori Joybari H Anti HAV antibody in HBV carriers Govaresh 2004 9 237-41

17 Lok AS Lai CL Wu PC Prevalence of isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection implications in hepatitis B vaccination programs Hepatology 1988 8 66-70

18 Bedossa P Dargere D Paradis V Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 2003 38 1449-57

19 Kaserer K Fiedler R Steindl P MUlier CH Wrba F Ferenci P Liver biopsy is a useful predictor of response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C Histopathology 1998 32 454-61

20 Mohanty SR Kupfer SS Khiani V Treatment of chronic hepatitis B Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol2006 3 446-58

21 Ishak K Baptista A Bianchi L Callea F De Groote J Gudat F et al Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis J Hepalo1 1995 22 696-9

22 Strader DB Wright T Thomas DL Seef LB Diagnosis management and treatment of hepatitis C Hepalology 2004 39 1147-71

23 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheotoridis GV Vassilopoulous D Precore mutant chronic hepatitis B-Approach to management Med Gen Med 2003 5 I

24 Liaw YF Sung 11 Chow WC Farrel a Lee CZ Yuen H el ai Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease N Engl J Med2004 351 1521-31

25 Manesis EK Hadziyannis SJ Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 200 I 121 101-9

26 Wong DKH Cheung AM ORourke K Naylor CD Detsky AS Heathcote 1 Effect of alpha interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigenshypositive chronic hepatitis B Ann intern Med 1993 119 312-23

27 Lau GK Piratvisuth YT Luo KX Marcellin P Thongsawat S Cooks ley a et al Peginterferon alfa-2a lamivudine and the combination for HBeAgshypositive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2005 352 2682-95

28 Lai CL Chien RN Leung NW Chang TT Guan R Tai 01 et al A oneshyyear trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 1998 339 61-8

29 Leung NWY Lai CL Chang IT Guan R Lee CM Ng KY et al Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates results after 3 years of therapy Hepalology 2001 33 1527-32

30 Guan R Lai CL Liaw YF et al Efficacy and safety of 5 years lamivudine treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B J Gaslroenlerol Hepalol2001 16 A 60-A 61

31 Liaw YF Results of lamivudine in Asian trials Proceedings of EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 2002 September 13shy14 Geneva Geneva European Association for the Study of the Liver

32 Marcellin P Chang T Lim S et al Increasing serologic virologic and

biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 30: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

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References

L Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2001 34 1225-41

2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

13 Lok AS Heathcote EJ Hoofuagle JH Management of hepatitis B 2000-shysummary of a workshop Gastroenterology 200 I 120 1828-53

14 Chu CJ Hussain M Lok ASF Quantitative serum HBV DNA levels during different stages of chronic hepatitis B infection Hepatology 2002 36 1408-15

15 I10eje UH Yang HI Su J Jen CL You SL Chen CJ Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver DiseaseCancer-In HBV (the

REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

16 Moghani Lankarani M Alavian SM Manzoori Joybari H Anti HAV antibody in HBV carriers Govaresh 2004 9 237-41

17 Lok AS Lai CL Wu PC Prevalence of isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection implications in hepatitis B vaccination programs Hepatology 1988 8 66-70

18 Bedossa P Dargere D Paradis V Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 2003 38 1449-57

19 Kaserer K Fiedler R Steindl P MUlier CH Wrba F Ferenci P Liver biopsy is a useful predictor of response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C Histopathology 1998 32 454-61

20 Mohanty SR Kupfer SS Khiani V Treatment of chronic hepatitis B Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol2006 3 446-58

21 Ishak K Baptista A Bianchi L Callea F De Groote J Gudat F et al Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis J Hepalo1 1995 22 696-9

22 Strader DB Wright T Thomas DL Seef LB Diagnosis management and treatment of hepatitis C Hepalology 2004 39 1147-71

23 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheotoridis GV Vassilopoulous D Precore mutant chronic hepatitis B-Approach to management Med Gen Med 2003 5 I

24 Liaw YF Sung 11 Chow WC Farrel a Lee CZ Yuen H el ai Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease N Engl J Med2004 351 1521-31

25 Manesis EK Hadziyannis SJ Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 200 I 121 101-9

26 Wong DKH Cheung AM ORourke K Naylor CD Detsky AS Heathcote 1 Effect of alpha interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigenshypositive chronic hepatitis B Ann intern Med 1993 119 312-23

27 Lau GK Piratvisuth YT Luo KX Marcellin P Thongsawat S Cooks ley a et al Peginterferon alfa-2a lamivudine and the combination for HBeAgshypositive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2005 352 2682-95

28 Lai CL Chien RN Leung NW Chang TT Guan R Tai 01 et al A oneshyyear trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 1998 339 61-8

29 Leung NWY Lai CL Chang IT Guan R Lee CM Ng KY et al Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates results after 3 years of therapy Hepalology 2001 33 1527-32

30 Guan R Lai CL Liaw YF et al Efficacy and safety of 5 years lamivudine treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B J Gaslroenlerol Hepalol2001 16 A 60-A 61

31 Liaw YF Results of lamivudine in Asian trials Proceedings of EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 2002 September 13shy14 Geneva Geneva European Association for the Study of the Liver

32 Marcellin P Chang T Lim S et al Increasing serologic virologic and

biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 31: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

References

L Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2001 34 1225-41

2 Liaw YF Leung N Lau GK Merican I McCaughan G Gane E et al Asian-Pacific consensus update working party on chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management ofchronic hepatitis B a 2005 update Liver Int 2005 25 472-89

3 EASL International consensus conference on hepatitis B J Hepatol2003 39SI 3-25

4 Lok AS McMahon BJ Practice Guidelines Committee American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Chronic hepatitis B update of recommendations Hepatgy 2004 39 857-61

5 Alter MJ Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide J Hepatol2003 39 64-9

6 Massarrat MS Tahaghoghi-Mehrizi S Iranian national health survey a brief report Arch Iran Med2002 5 73-9

7 Pourshams A Nasiri J Mohammadkhani A Nasrollahzadeh D Hepatitis B in Gonbad-Kavoos Prevalence risk factors and intrafamilial spreading Govaresh 2004 9 222-5

8 Hosseini Asl SK Avijgan M Mohamadnejad M High prevalence ofHBV HCV and HIV infections in gypsy population residing in Shar-e-Kord Arch Iran Med 2004 7 20-2

9 Alavian SM Keyvani H Rezai M Ashayeri N Sadeghi HM Prelirrinary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran WOr -1 J Gastroenterol2006 12 5211-3

10 Mohamadkhani A Poustchi H Bowden S Montazeri G Ayres A Devin P et al Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotype precore and core promoter mutations among Iranian patients with a range of liver disease Govaresh 2006 II (Suppl I) 59

II Mohamadnejad M Montazeri G Fazlollahi A Zamani F Nasiri J Nobakht H et al Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis B-virus related liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 2006 10 I 2537-45

12 Tassopoulos NC Papaevangelou GJ Sjogren MH RoumeliotoushyKarayannis A Gerin JL Purcell RH Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults Gastroenterology 1987 92 1844-50

13 Lok AS Heathcote EJ Hoofuagle JH Management of hepatitis B 2000-shysummary of a workshop Gastroenterology 200 I 120 1828-53

14 Chu CJ Hussain M Lok ASF Quantitative serum HBV DNA levels during different stages of chronic hepatitis B infection Hepatology 2002 36 1408-15

15 I10eje UH Yang HI Su J Jen CL You SL Chen CJ Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver DiseaseCancer-In HBV (the

REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

16 Moghani Lankarani M Alavian SM Manzoori Joybari H Anti HAV antibody in HBV carriers Govaresh 2004 9 237-41

17 Lok AS Lai CL Wu PC Prevalence of isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection implications in hepatitis B vaccination programs Hepatology 1988 8 66-70

18 Bedossa P Dargere D Paradis V Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 2003 38 1449-57

19 Kaserer K Fiedler R Steindl P MUlier CH Wrba F Ferenci P Liver biopsy is a useful predictor of response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C Histopathology 1998 32 454-61

20 Mohanty SR Kupfer SS Khiani V Treatment of chronic hepatitis B Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol2006 3 446-58

21 Ishak K Baptista A Bianchi L Callea F De Groote J Gudat F et al Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis J Hepalo1 1995 22 696-9

22 Strader DB Wright T Thomas DL Seef LB Diagnosis management and treatment of hepatitis C Hepalology 2004 39 1147-71

23 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheotoridis GV Vassilopoulous D Precore mutant chronic hepatitis B-Approach to management Med Gen Med 2003 5 I

24 Liaw YF Sung 11 Chow WC Farrel a Lee CZ Yuen H el ai Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease N Engl J Med2004 351 1521-31

25 Manesis EK Hadziyannis SJ Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 200 I 121 101-9

26 Wong DKH Cheung AM ORourke K Naylor CD Detsky AS Heathcote 1 Effect of alpha interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigenshypositive chronic hepatitis B Ann intern Med 1993 119 312-23

27 Lau GK Piratvisuth YT Luo KX Marcellin P Thongsawat S Cooks ley a et al Peginterferon alfa-2a lamivudine and the combination for HBeAgshypositive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2005 352 2682-95

28 Lai CL Chien RN Leung NW Chang TT Guan R Tai 01 et al A oneshyyear trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 1998 339 61-8

29 Leung NWY Lai CL Chang IT Guan R Lee CM Ng KY et al Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates results after 3 years of therapy Hepalology 2001 33 1527-32

30 Guan R Lai CL Liaw YF et al Efficacy and safety of 5 years lamivudine treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B J Gaslroenlerol Hepalol2001 16 A 60-A 61

31 Liaw YF Results of lamivudine in Asian trials Proceedings of EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 2002 September 13shy14 Geneva Geneva European Association for the Study of the Liver

32 Marcellin P Chang T Lim S et al Increasing serologic virologic and

biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 32: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

REVEAL-HBV) Study Group Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load Gastroenterology 2006 130 678-86

16 Moghani Lankarani M Alavian SM Manzoori Joybari H Anti HAV antibody in HBV carriers Govaresh 2004 9 237-41

17 Lok AS Lai CL Wu PC Prevalence of isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection implications in hepatitis B vaccination programs Hepatology 1988 8 66-70

18 Bedossa P Dargere D Paradis V Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 2003 38 1449-57

19 Kaserer K Fiedler R Steindl P MUlier CH Wrba F Ferenci P Liver biopsy is a useful predictor of response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C Histopathology 1998 32 454-61

20 Mohanty SR Kupfer SS Khiani V Treatment of chronic hepatitis B Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol2006 3 446-58

21 Ishak K Baptista A Bianchi L Callea F De Groote J Gudat F et al Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis J Hepalo1 1995 22 696-9

22 Strader DB Wright T Thomas DL Seef LB Diagnosis management and treatment of hepatitis C Hepalology 2004 39 1147-71

23 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheotoridis GV Vassilopoulous D Precore mutant chronic hepatitis B-Approach to management Med Gen Med 2003 5 I

24 Liaw YF Sung 11 Chow WC Farrel a Lee CZ Yuen H el ai Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease N Engl J Med2004 351 1521-31

25 Manesis EK Hadziyannis SJ Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 200 I 121 101-9

26 Wong DKH Cheung AM ORourke K Naylor CD Detsky AS Heathcote 1 Effect of alpha interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigenshypositive chronic hepatitis B Ann intern Med 1993 119 312-23

27 Lau GK Piratvisuth YT Luo KX Marcellin P Thongsawat S Cooks ley a et al Peginterferon alfa-2a lamivudine and the combination for HBeAgshypositive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2005 352 2682-95

28 Lai CL Chien RN Leung NW Chang TT Guan R Tai 01 et al A oneshyyear trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 1998 339 61-8

29 Leung NWY Lai CL Chang IT Guan R Lee CM Ng KY et al Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates results after 3 years of therapy Hepalology 2001 33 1527-32

30 Guan R Lai CL Liaw YF et al Efficacy and safety of 5 years lamivudine treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B J Gaslroenlerol Hepalol2001 16 A 60-A 61

31 Liaw YF Results of lamivudine in Asian trials Proceedings of EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 2002 September 13shy14 Geneva Geneva European Association for the Study of the Liver

32 Marcellin P Chang T Lim S et al Increasing serologic virologic and

biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 33: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

biochemical response over time to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg in HBeAg chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 31

33 Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N Chang IT et al Long-term adefovir dipivoxil treatment induces regression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B results after 5 years oftherapy (abstr) Hepatology 2005 42 754 A

34 Locarnini S Qi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 17

35 Chang T Gish R De Man R Gadano A Sollano J Chao YC et al A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2006 354 1001-10

36 Chang IT Chao YC Kaymakoglu S et aI Entecavir maintaired virologic suppression through 3 years of treatment in antiviral-naive HBeAg-positive patients Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 109

37 Gish RG Chang IT De Man RA et al Entecavir results in substantial virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (study ETV-022) (abstr) Hepatgy 2005 42 267 A

38 Colonno R Rose R Levine S et al Entecavir two year resistance update no resistance observed in nucleoside naive patients and low frequency resistance emergence in lamivudine refractory patients (abstr) H(Jatology 2005 42 573 A-574 A

39 Colonno RJ Rose RE Pokornowski K et al Assessment at three jears shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time in lamivudine refractory patients [abstract] Hepatology 2006 44 (Suppl 1) 229A-230A

40 Manesis EK Hadziyannis S1 Interferon-alpha treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2001 121 101-9

41 Lampertico P Del Ninno E Vigano M Romeo R Donato MF Sablon E el al Long-term suppression of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24-month interferon therapy Hepatology 2003 37 756-63

42 Marcellin P Bonino F Lau GK Farci P Yurdaydin C Piratvisuth T el al The majority of patients with HBeag-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 KO) [Pegasysreg] sustain responses two years post-treatment J HepatoI2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 275

43 Marcellin P Lau GK Bonino F Farci p Hadziyannis S Jin R el al Peginterferon alfa-2a alone lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Eng J Med 2004 351 1206-17

44 Erhardt A Blondin D Hauck K Sagir A Kohnle T Heintges T el a Response to interferon alfa is hepatitis B virus genotype dependent

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 34: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

genotype A is more sensitive to interferon than genotype D Gut 2005 54 1009-13

45 Janssen HL van Zonneveld M Senturk H Zeuzem S Akarca US Cakaloglu Y et al Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination

with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B a randomised j trial Lancet 2005 365 123-9

~ 1 46 Tassopoulos NC Volpes R Pastore G Heathcote J Buti M Goldin RD et $ al Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative ) hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B ~ Hepatology 1999 29 889-96

47 Fung SK Wong F Hussain M Lok S Sustained response after a 2-year r course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigennegative chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepatol2004 II 432-8 48 Gaia S Marzano A Smedile A Barbon V Abate ML Olivero A et al Four

) years of treatment with lamivudine clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Aliment Pharmacal Ther 2004 20 281-7

49 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang TT Kitis G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med2005 352 2673-8

50 Hadziyannis SJ Tassopoulos NC Heathcote EJ Chang IT Kitls G Rizzetto M et al Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAgshynegative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years Gastroenterology 2006 131 1743-51

5 Hadziyannis SJ Sevastianos V Rapti IN Tassopoulos N Sustained biochemical and virologic remission after discontinuation of 4 to 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B Program and abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases October 27-31 2006 Boston Massachusetts Abstract 114

52 Hadziyannis et ai AASLD 2005 Abstract LBI4 53 Lai CL Shouval D Lok AS Chang TT Cheinquer H Goodman Z et al

Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B N Engl J Med 2006 354 1011-26

54 Shouval D Akarca US Hatzis G Kitis G Lai CL Cheinquier H et ai Countinued virologic and biochemical improvement through 96 weeks of entecavir treatment in HBeAg( -) chronic hepatitis B patients (Study ETVshy027) J Hepatoi2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 21

55 Thongsawat S Lai CL Gane E Chao G Fielman B Brown N Telbivudine displays consistent antiviral efficacy across patient subgroups for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B results from the GLOBE study J Hepato[ 2006 44 (Suppl 2) S 49

56 Hou JL Yin YK Xu DZ et al A phase III comparative trial oftelbivudine and lamivudine for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients first-year results Program and abstracts of the 2006 Shanghai-Hong Kong International Liver Congress March 25-28 2006 Shanghai China Abstract 180

57 Hadziyannis SJ Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papaioannou C

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 35: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B Hepalology 2000 32 847-51

58 Papatheodoridis GV Dimou E Laras A Papadimitropoulos V Hadziyannis Sl Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease Hepalology 2002 36 219-26

59 Locarnini S Hatzakis A Heathcote 1 Keeffe EB Liang TJ Mutimer D el al Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B Antivir Ther 2004 9 679-93

60 Di Marco V Marzano A Lampertico P Andreone P Santantonio T Almasio PL et al Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine HepalOlogy 2004 40 883shy91

61 Keeffe EB Dieterich DT Han SB Jacobson 1M Martin P SchiffER et al A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States An update Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2oo6 4 936-62

62 Lampertico P Vigano M Manenti E Iavarone M Lunghi G Colombo M Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine Hepatology 2005 42 1414shy9

63 Yuen MF Sablon E Hui CK Yuan HJ Decraemer H Lai CL Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy Hepatology 2001 34 785-91

64 Peters M Hann HW Martin P Heathcote El Buggisch P Rubin R et al Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine resistance and chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 2004 126 91-101

65 Lampertico P et al EASL 2006 Abstract 116 66 Liaw YF Chien RN Yeh CT No benefit to continue lamivudine therapy

aiter emergence ofYMDD mutations Anttv Ther 2004 9 257 67 Wong VW Chan HL Wong ML Leung N Is it safe to stop lamivudine after

the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B (abstract) J Hepatol2oo2 36 177

68 Honkoop P Niesters HG de Man RA Osterhaus AD Schalm SW Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B Incidence and patterns J Hepatol1997 26 1393-5

69 Atkins M Hunt CM Brown N et al Clinical significance of YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of lamivudine-treated hepatitis B patients (abstract) Hepatology 1998 28 319

70 Dienstag lL Cianciara J Karayalcin S Kowdley KV Willems B Plisek S et al Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2003 37 748-55

71 Chang TT Gish RG Hadziyannis SJ Cianciara J Rizzetto M SchiffER et al A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients Gastroenterology 2005 129 1198-209

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 36: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

72 van Bommel F Wunsche T Mauss S Reinke P Bergk A Schurmann D et 01 Hepatology 2004 40 1421-5

73 Lim Sa Hadziyannis S Tassopoulos N et al Clinical profile of HBeAgshy

j ~ chronic hepatitis B patients with adefovir dipivoxil resistance mutations

(abstract) J Hepatol2005 42 (SuppI2) 184 A 74 Locarnini S Oi W Arterburn S et al Incidence and predictors of

~ 1 emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir 3 dipivoxil (ADY) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ) (abstr) J Hepato12005 42 17J 75 Villeneuve JP Condreay LD Willems B Pomier-Layrargues a Fenyves D

Bilodeau M et al Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis J resulting from chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2000 3) 207-10 76 Schiff E Lai CL Neuhaus P et al Adefovir dipivoxil (ADY) provides significant clinical benefit reduces MELD score and prevents

)shy transplantation in chronic hepatitis B patients waitlisted for liver transplantations (OLT) with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) (abstr) J Hepatol2005 42 5

77 Dienstag J Goldin R Heathcote EJ Hann HW Woessner M Stephenson SL et al Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy Gastroenterology 2003 124 105-17

78 Malekzadeh R Moharnadnejad M Rakhshani N Nasseri-Moghaddam S Merat S Tavangar SM et al Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004 2 344-7

79 Simpson ND Simpson PW Ahmed AM Nguyen MH Garcia a Keeffe EB et af Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine J Clin Gastroenterol2003 37 68-71

80 Hui CK Cheung WW Zhang HY Au YW Yueng YH Leung AY et al Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2006 131 59-68

8 Lau GK Yiu HH Fong DY Cheng HC Au WY Lai LS et af Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy Gastroenterology 2003 125 1742-9

82 Kohrt HE Ouyang DL Keeffe EB Systematic review lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 1003-16

83 Yeo W Johnson PJ Diagnosis prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy Hepatology 2006 43 209-20

84 Hui CK Cheung WW Au WY Lie AK Zhang HY Yueng YH et al Hepatitis B reactivation after withdrawal of pre-emptive lamivudine in patients with haematological malignancy on completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy Gut 2005 54 1597-603

85 Lok AS McMahon B1 Chronic hepatitis B Hepatology 2007 45 507-39

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Page 37: ~Ilgdrc.tbzmed.ac.ir/uploads/19/CMS/user/file/36... · Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, .. Prof. Seyed Moayed Alavian, .. Prof. Rahim Aghazadeh,

Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B