PlotSettingCharactersConflictPoint of ViewTheme

Plot -the sequence of events that characters experience in a story

An effective story must contain a plot.

Plot Diagram

Exposition- the introduction of the characters and the setting in the story

Rising Action- the series of events that describe a conflict that is intensifying or complicating

Climax- the highest point of interest or action; usually at the end of story

Falling Action- the result of the climax is explained

Resolution/Denouement- final outcome of the story

Renaissance era;Cinderella liveswith her stepfamily. They make her wear rags and do all thehard work.

An invitation to the ball

arrives.

A fairy godmother appears and provides Cinderellawith clothes and a coach.

The stepsisters go to the ball and tell Cinderella she cant go.

Cinderella goes to the ball.

Cinderella dances with the prince, but leaves hurriedly at midnight; losing a slipper

The princesays he will marrythe womanwhom the

slipper fits.

The stepsisterstry to force theirfeet into the slipper.It fits Cinderella. Only Cinderella’s feet fit.

Cinderella andthe prince marry.

They live happilyever after in the kingdom.

Three Ways Plot is Told: 1.) Chronological- beginning, middle, end 2.) In Medias Res- Latin phrase meaning “in the middle” this is where a story begins in the middle ex. Hangover movie

3.) Flashback- interrupts the normal sequence of events to tell something that has happened in the past

* Foreshadowing- hint or clue about what will happen in a story

Setting- Time and Place are when the action occurs.

Place- location of settingTime- when something occurs; two types of

time

1.)Immediate- specific detail of the time in the story.

Ex. Year, month, season, time of day?

2.)Global- a global description of what is occurring during this time.

Ex. Era, war, beliefs, customs?

What is the setting (time/place) in Anne Frank: Diary of a Young Girl?

Place? country of Holland; hidden attic

Immediate Time? 1939Global Time? Nazis are occupying Holland & seizing Jews because they are hated by the Nazis

1.)Major/Minor Characters:Protagonist -is the main/most important character (not always the

good guy). The protagonist usually changes and grows because of experiences in the story.Antagonist- is the person or thing that opposes the main character

(not always the bad guy). The antagonist does NOT change.

2.) Round vs. Flat Characters: Round( major character) reveals many details and traits of a

character. Flat (major or minor character) reveals only one or two details

about a character.

3.)Static vs. Dynamic Characters: Static – characters that do not change; stick to who they are ( remember “static cling”) Dynamic – a character that grows and changes throughout the story

Hint: DEATH IS NOT A CHANGE

Three Types of Third Person P.O.V. :

1.)Third Person Limited – the narrator describes only what one or two characters may say, think, feel, or do (limited knowledge)

2.)Third Person Omniscient – the narrator is all

knowing and can tell the reader what all characters may say,think,feel, or do (all knowledge)

ex. God or higher power3.)Third Person Objective-the narrator never tells

the reader anything about what the characters think or feel. All you know is what they say or do.

DETACHED (no knowledge)

Conflict is a struggle between opposing forces/ the complications build the reader’s interest Every plot must contain some kind of conflict Stories can have more than one conflictTwo types of Conflict: external (outside) or internal (inside)

* External Conflict- struggles between a character and forces outside the character. This means it is something that the character can not control.* Internal Conflict- struggles between a character and forces within the character.

External Conflict: Ask yourself: What outside force is the character struggling

with?

1.) Man vs. Man (man vs. boxer) 2.)Man vs. Nature/Environment (man vs. hurricane) 3.)Man vs. Society (Hitler vs. Jews) 4.)Man vs. /Technology/Progress (man vs.

Terminator/robot) 5.) Man vs. Supernatural ( man vs. zombies)

Internal Conflict: Ask yourself: What is the character struggling with within?

1.)Man vs. Himself (man vs. jealousy) , (man vs. cancer), (man vs. making decision), (man vs. depression)

What is the conflict in “The Tale Tell Heart”?

External-

Internal-

What is the conflict in “Anne Frank: The

Diary of a Young Girl” ?External-

Internal-

Theme- central message ,idea, or lesson about life that the author wants his reader to see

there can be more than one theme in a piece of literature (as long as it can be supported)should be universal where the majority of society can relate to them

Two Types of Themes:

Stated Themes – are directly present in the story (the theme is told to you- you don’t have to infer) * Ex. Children’s books

Implied Themes – must be inferred by considering all the elements; reader has to figure out * most stories contain implied themes because they are more challenging to figure out

What is the theme in “The Tell-Tale” Heart?

-What one thinks about can sometimes control their actions.-Appearances can be deceiving .-One can never truly escape the power of guilt.

Is it stated or implied? Implied; Reader has to infer the theme on their own.

ALLUSION Reference to a person, place, or event from:

LiteratureHistoryReligionMythologyPoliticsSportsMusicArt Ex. He met his Waterloo.

Studying was his Achilles heel.This place is like a Garden of Eden. We are in a real Catch-22.He will never be a Jordan on the court.

A contrast between expectation and reality

If something is “ironic”, it is when what is expected is the opposite of what happens in reality

“Ironic” by Alanis Morisettehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nm-

1xvWibt0

1.) Verbal Irony – saying one thing but meaning something completely different. Ex. * see a 7 ft. tall person and say “Hi, Shorty” * pouring raining outside and you say “Nice day…”

* telling your teacher how excited you are about the upcoming test

2.) Situational Irony – A contradiction between what we expect to happen and what really does happen Ex. * A fireman’s house burning down.

* An Olympic swimmer who drowns. * A police station being held up by an armed robber. * A marriage counselor who’s been divorced three times. * choking on a lifesaver

3.) Dramatic Irony – occurs when the reader knows something important that the characters in the story do not know. Ex. * surprise birthday party

* horror movie scenario * real identity of Batman

* talk show

Verbal Ironyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmSBrmgdKts

Situational Ironyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkjYye-0W4A&feature=player_embedded

Dramatic Ironyhttp://www.metacafe.com/watch/564972/dramatic_irony_excercise/

An object, person, or event that functions as itself, but also stands for something more than itself.

What do these images symbolize?