Personality

Personality Personality describes you as a person how you are different from other people and what patterns of behavior are typical of you.Traits the terms we use to describe yourself and others.#1 - Social Cognitive TheoryInteraction of three factors

Cognitive-personal factors cognitive factors Include our beliefs, expectations, values, intentions, andsocial roles personal factors include our emotional makeup an our biological andgenetic influences

Behaviors include a variety of personal actions, such as the things we do and say

Environmental factors include our social, political, and cultural influences, aswell as our particular learning experiencesBanduras social cognitive theoryLanguage abilityObservational learningPurposeful behaviorSelf-analysisAssignment20.2 Trait and Learning theories on TVExperiment Delay of gratificationMon, June 7TV assignment due WedTyped1 pageWhats requiredSelf efficacyLocus of control refers to our beliefs about how much control we have over situations or rewards

Internal locus of control believe that we have control over situations and rewardsHigher achievers, cope better with chronic illness, report less stress, and are less depressed

External locus of control believe that we do not have control over situations andrewards and that events outside ourselves (fate) determine what happens

Self-Efficacyrefers to the confidence in your ability to organize andexecute a given course of action to solve a problem oraccomplish a task

You judge your self-efficacy by combining 4 sources of info: use previous experiences compare listen use feedback

Your motivation to do well in a tasks is largely influenced by how strongly you believe in your own capabilities. Some people have a strong sense of self-efficacy that applies to many situations (academics, sports and social interactions), while others have a strong sense that applies to only a few situations, while others have a weak sense of self-efficacy which predicts having less success in many of lifes tasks.

Higher self efficacy:Stopping smokingLosing weightOvercoming a phobiaRecovering from a heart attackPerforming well in schoolAdjusting to new situationsCoping with job stressPlaying video gamesTolerating pain

Having a high or low self-efficacy can increase or decrease your performance and success in a variety of tasks.

QuestionsDescribe a friends personality#2 Trait theoryPolicewomen have better interpersonal skills than men

Definitionan approach for analyzing the structure ofpersonality by measuring, identifying, andclassifying similarities and differences in personality characteristics or traits.

OCEAN5-factor modelOpennessConscientiousnessExtroversionAgreeablenessNeuroticism (emotional stability)Good at explaining behaviors, not good at explaining why people develop these traits

See pages 316 activity you and your boyfriend/girlfriendCriticismstraits are often poor predictors of behavior. While an individual may score high on assessments of a specific trait, he or she may not always behave that way in every situation. Another problem is that trait theories do not address how or why individual differences in personality develop or emerge

Wednesday, June 9TV assignment should be in the S drive

Why traits fail to predict the behavior of people across different situationsRush Limbaugh TV show (12/8/92)

When you strip it all away, Jerry Garcia destroyed his life on drugs. And yet he's being honored, like some godlike figure. Our priorities are out of whack, folks.

What does this statement show you about his personality? What traits would you expect him to have? How would you expect him to behave towards drugs in his own life?

RUSH LIMBAUGH CAUGHT IN DRUG RING! (OCT 16, 2003)

Top-rated radio host Rush Limbaugh has been secretly battling addiction to narcotics -- and he's embroiled in a high-priority drug-ring investigation, The ENQUIRER reveals in a blockbuster exclusive.

His former housekeeper Wilma Cline has told prosecutors that she illegally supplied Rush with thousands of painkillers - including highly dangerous OxyContin -- over four years.

The issue that goes on sale today features a world-exclusive interview with Wilma, shows e-mails Rush sent her seeking more and more OxyContin, discloses that Rush has gone through drug detox twice ... and much, much more.

Person-situation interaction students behave with consistency in the same situation, but behaved differently across different situations. A persons behavior results from an interaction between his or her traits AND the effects of being in a situation.

Extravert you would behave differently at a wedding than at a funeral because each of these situations creates different cues to which you respond.

THIS THEORY Describes how Rush L. could be righteous in criticizing Jerry Garcias drug use while being a drug addict himself.

To understand a persons behavior across situations, we must consider both the persons traits and the powerful cues that come from being in each different situation.

Traits may not predict behaviors across different situations.How changeable or fixed are your personality traits?Page 465 Age 3, reassessed at age 21 traits were similarDevelopment of more stable personality traits begins around age 3However, during adolescence, individuals may become less responsible, less cautious, and more moody or impulsive.

Ages 22-80 years old

Ages 22-30 less emotional, less thrill seeking, more cooperative and self-disciplined = becoming more matureMost changes occur before 30 adopt new values and attitudes or revise old ones.Few and small changes after 30 grow in their ideas, beliefs and attitudesPersonality is stable and somewhat predictablePeople say there are increases in their desirable changes, but objective tests show that traits had little to no change. These findings indicate that as people grow older they tend to report more socially desirable responses rather than what actually has occurred.

What shapes personality?40% genetic 27% nonshared environmental - how genetics interacts with environment26% error - cannot be identified errors in testing and measurement procedures7% shared environmental - parental patterns and shared family experiences

Newspaper personal ads!Person-situation interaction have as much influence on behavior as traits doTraits could better predict behaviors if traits were measured under different conditions and situations.Page 468 Personal ad assignment /22 marksFind a personal ad online copy and paste it into Word. (/2 marks)Match the persons traits into OCEAN (/5 marks)Predict how this person would behave on a first date. (/5 marks)Then, take a different situation into account, and describe how this person would behave (be creative!) (/5 marks)Create information that will also affect the persons personality genetic factors, nonshared environmental factors, shared factors (how would they be similar to their siblings). (/5 marks)