+ periodic table of elements notes and review k. spence
TRANSCRIPT
+
Periodic Table of ElementsNotes and ReviewK. Spence
+Essential Questions
How is matter organized?
How does matter differ in composition and properties?
How can you differentiate between types of matter qualitatively and quantitatively?
What methods and properties are used to organize elements?
+Objectives:
Students will be able to:Explain how elements are organized.Distinguish between families and
groups.Identify elements with similar
properties.Label large groups of elements.Predict properties of the substance or
position on the table based on given patterns.
+Vocabulary:
Element- a single kind of atom
Atom- smallest, basic unit of matter
Period- Horizontal Rows on the periodic table
Group/Family- Vertical Columns; elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer orbital; react in similar ways because they bond in similar ways
Atomic Number- number of protons in the atom
Atomic Mass- number of protons and neutrons in the atom (average mass of all atoms of that kind, including isotopes)
+
Element- Fundamental substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by normal chemical reactions.
118 known elements 92 Naturally occurring elements No Unknown elements under 110
Earth’s Crust Human BodyO 49.5% O 65%Si 25.7% C 18%Al 7.5% H 10%Fe 4.7%
+ Trends ActivityAnd
Mendeleyev Challenge
How would you organize so many elements?
+History of the Periodic Table - Youtube
Periodic Table of Elements
Dmitri Mendeleev Lothar Meyer
Periodic Table of Elements
A draft of Mendeleev’s first periodic table created in February 1869.
Lothar Meyer also published a table in 1870 but did not predict the existence of undiscovered elements.
Periodic Table of Elements
Mendeleev’s first periodic table published in Zeitschrift für Chemie 12, 406-6 (1869)
+Importance of Mendeleev’s Table- Youtube
+Modification to Mendeleev’s Table: All atoms of the same element contain the
same number of protons.
Atomic Number- number of protons in an atom.
Symbols: From Latin, Greek, or GermanAlways capitalize 1st Letter
2.5
2.5
2.8
1.51.0
3.0
2.1
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
50Sn
118.7
49In
114.8
54Xe
131.3
53I
126.9
52Te
127.6
51Sb
121.8
43Tc
(98)
48Cd
112.4
47Ag
107.9
46Pd
106.4
45Rh
102.9
44Ru
101.1
40Zr
91.22
41Nb
92.91
42Mo
95.94
39Y
88.91
38Sr
87.62
37Rb
85.47
33As
74.92
34Se
78.96
35Br
79.90
36Kr
83.80
19K
39.098
20Ca
40.08
The Periodic Table of Elements1H
1.008
2He
4.00
3Li
6.941
4Be
9.012
5B
10.81
6C
12.01
7N
14.01
8O
16.00
9F
18.998
10Ne
20.179
12Mg
24.305
11Na
22.99
31Ga
69.72
18Ar
39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.06
15P
30.97
32Ge
72.59
26Fe
55.85
27Co
58.93
28Ni
58.70
29Cu
63.55
30Zn
65.38
25Mn
54.94
21Sc
44.96
24Cr
51.996
23V
50.94
22Ti
47.90
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.96
55Cs
132.9
56Ba
137.3
57La
138.9
74W
183.9
73Ta
180.9
72Hf
178.5
76Os
190.2
77Ir
192.2
78Pt
195.1
79Au
197.0
80Hg
200.6
75Re
186.2
83Bi
209.0
84Po
(209)
85At
(210)
86Rn
(222)
81Tl
204.4
82Pb
207.2
104Rf
(257)
105Db
(260)
106Sg
(263)
89Ac
(227)
88Ra
(226.0)
87Fr
(223)
71Lu
175.0
70Yb
173.0
64Gd
157.3
69Tm
168.9
68Er
167.3
67Ho
164.9
66Dy
162.5
65Tb
158.9
61Pm
(145)
62Sm
150.4
63Eu
152.0
60Nd
144.2
59Pr
140.9
58Ce
140.1
90Th
232.0
91Pa
(231)
92U
238.0
95Am
(243)
94Pu
(242)
93Np
(237)
97Bk
(247)
98Cf
(249)
99Es
(254)
100Fm
(253)
101Md
(256)
96Cm
(247)
102No
(254)
103Lr
(257)
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
2.11.81.51.20.9
107Bh
(262)
109Mt
(266)
110Ds
(269)
111Rg
(272)
112Uub(285)
108Hs
(265)
114Uuq(289)
116Uuh(292)
118---()
113Uut
(284)
115Uup(288)
117---()
0.8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
+Trends on the Periodic Table
Period- Horizontal Rows on the periodic table
Group/Family- Vertical Columns; elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer orbital; react in similar ways because they bond in similar ways
2.5
2.5
2.8
1.51.0
3.0
2.1
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
50Sn
118.7
49In
114.8
54Xe
131.3
53I
126.9
52Te
127.6
51Sb
121.8
43Tc
(98)
48Cd
112.4
47Ag
107.9
46Pd
106.4
45Rh
102.9
44Ru
101.1
40Zr
91.22
41Nb
92.91
42Mo
95.94
39Y
88.91
38Sr
87.62
37Rb
85.47
33As
74.92
34Se
78.96
35Br
79.90
36Kr
83.80
19K
39.098
20Ca
40.08
The Periodic Table of Elements
1H
1.008
2He
4.00
3Li
6.941
4Be
9.012
5B
10.81
6C
12.01
7N
14.01
8O
16.00
9F
18.998
10Ne
20.179
12Mg
24.305
11Na
22.99
31Ga
69.72
18Ar
39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.06
15P
30.97
32Ge
72.59
26Fe
55.85
27Co
58.93
28Ni
58.70
29Cu
63.55
30Zn
65.38
25Mn
54.94
21Sc
44.96
24Cr
51.996
23V
50.94
22Ti
47.90
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.96
55Cs
132.9
56Ba
137.3
57La
138.9
74W
183.9
73Ta
180.9
72Hf
178.5
76Os
190.2
77Ir
192.2
78Pt
195.1
79Au
197.0
80Hg
200.6
75Re
186.2
83Bi
209.0
84Po
(209)
85At
(210)
86Rn
(222)
81Tl
204.4
82Pb
207.2
104Rf
(257)
105Db
(260)
106Sg
(263)
89Ac
(227)
88Ra
(226.0)
87Fr
(223)
71Lu
175.0
70Yb
173.0
64Gd
157.3
69Tm
168.9
68Er
167.3
67Ho
164.9
66Dy
162.5
65Tb
158.9
61Pm
(145)
62Sm
150.4
63Eu
152.0
60Nd
144.2
59Pr
140.9
58Ce
140.1
90Th
232.0
91Pa
(231)
92U
238.0
95Am
(243)
94Pu
(242)
93Np
(237)
97Bk
(247)
98Cf
(249)
99Es
(254)
100Fm
(253)
101Md
(256)
96Cm
(247)
102No
(254)
103Lr
(257)
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
2.11.81.51.20.9
107Bh
(262)
109Mt
(266)
110Uun(269)
111---
(272)
112---
(277)
108Hs
(265)
114---()
116---()
118---()
Metals
+Metals
Metal Properties• Metallic, shiny/high luster• Good Conductors of Heat and Electricity• Malleable- can pound into sheets• Ductile- can pull into wires• High Density• High Melting Point• Solids at Room Temperature (except
Mercury)• Easily lose electrons
2.5
2.5
2.8
1.51.0
3.0
2.1
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
50Sn
118.7
49In
114.8
54Xe
131.3
53I
126.9
52Te
127.6
51Sb
121.8
43Tc
(98)
48Cd
112.4
47Ag
107.9
46Pd
106.4
45Rh
102.9
44Ru
101.1
40Zr
91.22
41Nb
92.91
42Mo
95.94
39Y
88.91
38Sr
87.62
37Rb
85.47
33As
74.92
34Se
78.96
35Br
79.90
36Kr
83.80
19K
39.098
20Ca
40.08
The Periodic Table of Elements
1H
1.008
2He
4.00
3Li
6.941
4Be
9.012
5B
10.81
6C
12.01
7N
14.01
8O
16.00
9F
18.998
10Ne
20.179
12Mg
24.305
11Na
22.99
31Ga
69.72
18Ar
39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.06
15P
30.97
32Ge
72.59
26Fe
55.85
27Co
58.93
28Ni
58.70
29Cu
63.55
30Zn
65.38
25Mn
54.94
21Sc
44.96
24Cr
51.996
23V
50.94
22Ti
47.90
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.96
55Cs
132.9
56Ba
137.3
57La
138.9
74W
183.9
73Ta
180.9
72Hf
178.5
76Os
190.2
77Ir
192.2
78Pt
195.1
79Au
197.0
80Hg
200.6
75Re
186.2
83Bi
209.0
84Po
(209)
85At
(210)
86Rn
(222)
81Tl
204.4
82Pb
207.2
104R f
(257)
105Db
(260)
106Sg
(263)
89Ac
(227)
88Ra
(226.0)
87Fr
(223)
71Lu
175.0
70Yb
173.0
64Gd
157.3
69Tm
168.9
68Er
167.3
67Ho
164.9
66Dy
162.5
65Tb
158.9
61Pm
(145)
62Sm
150.4
63Eu
152.0
60Nd
144.2
59Pr
140.9
58Ce
140.1
90Th
232.0
91Pa
(231)
92U
238.0
95Am
(243)
94Pu
(242)
93Np
(237)
97Bk
(247)
98C f
(249)
99Es
(254)
100Fm
(253)
101Md
(256)
96Cm
(247)
102No
(254)
103Lr
(257)
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
2.11.81.51.20.9
107Bh
(262)
109Mt
(266)
110Uun(269)
111---
(272)
112---
(277)
108Hs
(265)
114---()
116---()
118---()
Non-Metals
+ Non-Metals
Non-Metal Properties• Dull in appearance (low luster)• Not Malleable• Not Ductile• Poor Conductors of heat and electricity• Many are gases at room temperature• Solid non-metals are usually brittle• More than 97% of your body is made of
non-metals• Tend to gain electrons
2.5
2.5
2.8
1.51.0
3.0
2.1
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
50Sn
118.7
49In
114.8
54Xe
131.3
53I
126.9
52Te
127.6
51Sb
121.8
43Tc
(98)
48Cd
112.4
47Ag
107.9
46Pd
106.4
45Rh
102.9
44Ru
101.1
40Zr
91.22
41Nb
92.91
42Mo
95.94
39Y
88.91
38Sr
87.62
37Rb
85.47
33As
74.92
34Se
78.96
35Br
79.90
36Kr
83.80
19K
39.098
20Ca
40.08
The Periodic Table of Elements
1H
1.008
2He
4.00
3Li
6.941
4Be
9.012
5B
10.81
6C
12.01
7N
14.01
8O
16.00
9F
18.998
10Ne
20.179
12Mg
24.305
11Na
22.99
31Ga
69.72
18Ar
39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.06
15P
30.97
32Ge
72.59
26Fe
55.85
27Co
58.93
28Ni
58.70
29Cu
63.55
30Zn
65.38
25Mn
54.94
21Sc
44.96
24Cr
51.996
23V
50.94
22Ti
47.90
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.96
55Cs
132.9
56Ba
137.3
57La
138.9
74W
183.9
73Ta
180.9
72Hf
178.5
76Os
190.2
77Ir
192.2
78Pt
195.1
79Au
197.0
80Hg
200.6
75Re
186.2
83Bi
209.0
84Po
(209)
85At
(210)
86Rn
(222)
81Tl
204.4
82Pb
207.2
104Rf
(257)
105Db
(260)
106Sg
(263)
89Ac
(227)
88Ra
(226.0)
87Fr
(223)
71Lu
175.0
70Yb
173.0
64Gd
157.3
69Tm
168.9
68Er
167.3
67Ho
164.9
66Dy
162.5
65Tb
158.9
61Pm
(145)
62Sm
150.4
63Eu
152.0
60Nd
144.2
59Pr
140.9
58Ce
140.1
90Th
232.0
91Pa
(231)
92U
238.0
95Am
(243)
94Pu
(242)
93Np
(237)
97Bk
(247)
98Cf
(249)
99Es
(254)
100Fm
(253)
101Md
(256)
96Cm
(247)
102No
(254)
103Lr
(257)
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
2.11.81.51.20.9
107Bh
(262)
109Mt
(266)
110Uun(269)
111---
(272)
112---
(277)
108Hs
(265)
114---()
116---()
118---()
Metalloids
+Metalloids
Metalloids• Elements with intermediate properties. • Have characteristics of metals and non-
metals• Some are shiny, some are dull• Many are good conductors, but not as
good as metals• Border separation between metals and
non-metals. ex. Al, Ge, As, Sb, Te…
+Color the Periodic
Table Activity
Pay Close Attention to Details and Labels… The actual colors don’t matter,
but shading and different colors are necessary.
BE CAREFUL!!
A Periodic Table of the Elements
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Hydrogen
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Alkali Metals
+Alkali Metals
Highly Reactive Group (most reactive metals)
Like to “give away” 1 electron because outer orbital has one lone electron.
Not usually found alone in nature – found combined with other elements.
Solids at room temperature, but soft metals, can cut with a knife.
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Alkaline Earth Metals
+Alkaline Earth Metals
Very Reactive Group
Like to “give away” 2 electrons because outer orbital has two lone electron.
Not usually found alone in nature – found combined with other elements.
Harder and denser.
Higher Boiling Points.
Calcium
Magnesium
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Boron Family
+Boron Family
3 electrons in outer “ring”
Like to “give up” electron
Boron is a metalloid
All the rest are metals- Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium
Group 13Boron
Aluminum
Gallium
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Carbon Family
+Carbon Family
4 electrons in the outermost “ring”
Non-metals: Carbon & Silcon (share electrons)
Metalloids: Silicon & Germanium
Metals: Tin & Lead (lose electrons)
Group 14
Carbon
Silicon
Germanium
Tin
Lead
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Nitrogen Family
+Nitrogen Family
5 electrons in outermost “ring”.
Like to “share or take” 3 electrons
Group has metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
Decrease in reactivity as you go down the column
Group 15
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Arsenic
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Chalcogens
+Chalcogens
6 electrons in outer “ring”
Like to “take or share” 2 electrons
Decrease in reactivity as you go down the column
Group 16 (Sometimes called Oxygen Group)
Selenium
Oxygen
Sulfur
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Halogens
+Halogens
Outer shells are almost full. (Need 1 electron)
Very reactive
Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), Astatine (At)
“salt-formers”
Group 17
Click to watch a You Tube About Halogens
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Noble Gases
+Noble Gases
“Happiest” elements of all.
Have full outer shells of eight electrons. (Except Helium which only has 2 but has a full shell with 2)
Non-reactive (Inert)
Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn).
Stabilize Reactions quickly
Group 18 (XVIII)
Click to watch a Youtube about Noble
Gases
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Main Groupor
Representative Elements
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Transition Elements
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Inner Transition or Rare Earth Elements
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Lanthanides
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Actinides
A Periodic Table of the Elements
Click to hear the Periodic Table of Elements Song!!
Hydrogen
Alkali Metals (1e-)
Alkaline Earth Metals (2
e-)
Transition Elements
Boron Family (3e-)
Carbon Family (4e-)
Nitrogen Family (5e-)
Chalcogens (6 e-)
Halogens (7e-)
Noble Gases (8e-)
Inner Transition or Rare Earth Elements
Lanthanides
Actinides
Main Group Elements
+
Open your Periodic Table Notes Document
Found in your Science Folder…Type in these extra notes….
+Valence Electrons
Valence Electron- electrons in the outer “ring” or shell of an atom.Valence electrons are important for
chemical reactions and bonding as well as reactivity.
Elements in the same group will have the same number of valence electrons.
Each period has more energy levels or “rings” of electrons.
How many Valence Electrons in each atom?1 4 5 6
• Notice that the atomic number and the number of valence electrons are NOT Equal.
• Atomic Number stands for the number of protons. • If the atom is uncharged (Not an Ion) the number of
protons = the number of electrons.
Ion or Neutral Atom?
Ion
Neutral Atom
+Properties of Matter Review
Click Title to View Movie and Take a Quiz
Characteristics of a substance that don’t result in a new substance Size: Mass and volume Density Melting Point/Boiling
Point Color Malleability Ductility
Characteristics that help to explain how substances result in new substances.
Goes with Chemical changes. Flammability Reactivity
Water? Acid? Base? Air? Highly Reactive? Inert?
Corrosiveness pH
Physical Properties Chemical Properties
+Resources:For more information feel free to visit…
Chem4kids
Interactives: Periodic Table
Wikipedia
Webelements
Ptable
Photographic Periodic Table
Jefferson Lab: Periodic Table