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Chapter12Leadership and Trust

Learning Outcomes

• Define leader and leadership. • Compare and contrast early leadership theories.• Describe the four major contingency leadership

theories. • Describe modern views of leadership and the

issues facing today’s leaders. • Discuss trust as the essence of leadership.

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12.1Define leader and leadership.

Leaders and Leadership

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Leader:Someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority.

Leadership:The process of leading a group and influencing that group to achieve its goals.

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12.2Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Trait Theories of Leadership

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What Traits Do Leaders Have?

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Behavioral Theories of Leadership

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University of Iowa and Ohio State Studies

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University of Michigan Study and Managerial Grid

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Situational Leadership

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Which leadership styles might be suitable in different situations, and what are those different situations?

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12.3Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Least-Preferred Coworker Questionnaire

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The Fiedler Model

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Situational Leadership Theory

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Why does a leadership theory focus on the followers?

What does readiness mean?

Situational Leadership Theory (cont.)

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Leader-Participation Model

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Path-Goal Theory

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Four leadership behaviors:• Directive leader• Supportive leader• Participative leader• Achievement-oriented leader

Path-Goal Model

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12.4 Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today’s leaders.

Leader-Member Exchange Theory

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A leadership theory that says leaders create in-groups and out-groups and those in the in-group will have higher performance ratings, less turnover, and greater job satisfaction.

Transactional vs. Transformational Leaders

Transformational Leadersleaders who stimulate and inspire (transform) followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes.

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Transactional Leaders:Leaders who lead primarily by using social exchanges (or transactions).

Charismatic vs. Visionary Leaders

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Leaders and Teams

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Contemporary Issues: Employee Empowerment

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Managers are increasingly leading by not leading; that is, by empowering their employees.

Contemporary Issues: National Culture

Cross-Cultural Leadership• Korean leaders are expected to be paternalistic toward

employees.• Arab leaders who show kindness or generosity without being

asked to do so are seen by other Arabs as weak.• Japanese leaders are expected to be humble and speak

frequently.• Scandinavian and Dutch leaders who single out individuals

with public praise are likely to embarrass, not energize, those individuals.

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Contemporary Issues: Emotional Intelligence (EI)

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EI, more than any other single factor, is the best predictor of who will emerge as a leader.

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12.5Discuss trust as the essence of leadership.

The Importance of Trust

1. Practice openness.2. Be fair.3. Speak your feelings.4. Tell the truth.5. Be consistent.6. Fulfill your promises.7. Maintain confidences.8. Demonstrate confidence.

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A Final Thought on Leadership

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Leadership may not always be important!

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