¹ ñ ½repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/90202/1/ass06.pdffindas Ü î ³ Ì î Ã î >4 3...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ¹ ñ ½repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/90202/1/ass06.pdfFINDAS Ü î ³ Ì î à î >4 3 T $× _ s \ ß b Ç g \ c c7` x Ã Ø [! #ÿ3 2 x" " / 8 u%T b e ì ò W Z 8 S G \](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3db18a4742a464361a5bd7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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FINDAS
1
The Choice of Work for Minority Women in Bangladesh*
Nobuko UESAWA**
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine how Garo women access and choose their work in
contemporary Bangladesh. The Garos are one of twenty-seven indigenous peoples in
Bangladesh, of which more than ninety percent are Christians. Overseas remittance and
increasing garment exports are major driving forces behind a stable Bangladeshi economy over
the past two decades. Indigenous peoples including the Garos do not stand out in these markets.
Thus, Bangladeshi Garos are not only treated as second-class citizens as an ethnic and religious
minority, but also are excluded from domestic and foreign labor markets which are part of the
global economy. However, they are no longer "an undeveloped tribe who run a traditional
slash-and-burn farming in remote areas", but rather support the urban upper and middle class
populations through various occupations. Garo women have job channels in urban areas, such
as beauticians, domestic workers and nurses. Focusing on the work choice, this paper analyses
their living and working practice in the cities through ethnological research. It shows that Garo
ethnicity and religion are related to their occupations. Ironically, "being Garo" and "being
Christian" work advantageously to provide relatively stable posts for Garo women while
making the Garos “othering” or inferior in Bangladeshi society. Clearly, their three major
occupations are valuable resources for Garo women to remit money to their low-income
families in the villages although they are ambiguously "restricted choices."
2016 11 5 2016 FINDAS
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2
1 2
5 810 3 1 5890 4 98
27 2
Sangsarek5
1990 90Bal 1999: 21
90 6
1 2006 2017 5 6
2008< > 2011
2012
2 [Baldwin 1933: 14; Bhattacharjee 1978: 8] 1807-14 Buchanan
[Bal 2007: 73]
Mandi
Buchanan 5
[Bal and Chambugong 2014: 98] Nakane Bal
Nakane 1967: 23; Bal 2007: 12
3
10 20012001
1991 68,210 1.48 [PEDP II 2006] 4 Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2017, Statistical Pocket Book Bangladesh 2016.
[http://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/d6556cd1_dc6f_41f5_a766_042b69cb1687/PocketBook2016.pdf] ( : 2017 12 3 )
5 saa-sara, saa-su =to be in the world
[Maaker and Joshi 2007: 520] 6 2011 90.4%, 8.5%, 0.6%, 0.3%
0.2% [Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2015, Population and Housing Census 2011. http://203.112.218.65/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/NRV-1Report2011.pdf] (
: 2017 7 30 )
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FINDAS
3
7
[Rahman(ed.) 2006: 84]
1938-42Bastin
[Bastin 1954: 49]
19478 2
Bal 1971( ) 330
3 1
[Bal 2007: 184-186] 1972 8 25
8 9 4 2009: 361 9
[ 2017: 7]27
7
Partially Excluded Area
Bastin 1954: 123; 1994: 102-104; Rahman (ed.) 2006: 45-47
8 1869 22
Bhattacharjee 1978: 184; Burling 1997: 28; Rahman ed. 2006: 45
9
FINDAS
3
7
[Rahman(ed.) 2006: 84]
1938-42Bastin
[Bastin 1954: 49]
19478 2
Bal 1971( ) 330
3 1
[Bal 2007: 184-186] 1972 8 25
8 9 4 2009: 361 9
[ 2017: 7]27
7
Partially Excluded Area
Bastin 1954: 123; 1994: 102-104; Rahman (ed.) 2006: 45-47
8 1869 22
Bhattacharjee 1978: 184; Burling 1997: 28; Rahman ed. 2006: 45
9
3
7
[Rahman(ed.) 2006: 84]
1938-42Bastin
[Bastin 1954: 49]
19478 2
Bal 1971( ) 330
3 1
[Bal 2007: 184-186] 1972 8 25
8 9 4 2009: 361 9
[ 2017: 7]27
7
Partially Excluded Area
Bastin 1954: 123; 1994: 102-104; Rahman (ed.) 2006: 45-47
8 1869 22
Bhattacharjee 1978: 184; Burling 1997: 28; Rahman ed. 2006: 45
9
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4
28 1
28 4
Gulrukh [Gulrukh 2008: 37]
3
[Bleie 2005: 164] 1979 5
68
12 2009: 365 1982 91
1988
2004: 39-40 (27 )
(28 1 )
( )
2010
10 13
[http://www.jummanet.org/] : 2017 7 30
4
28 1
28 4
Gulrukh [Gulrukh 2008: 37]
3
[Bleie 2005: 164] 1979 5
68
12 2009: 365 1982 91
1988
2004: 39-40 (27 )
(28 1 )
( )
2010
10 13
[http://www.jummanet.org/] : 2017 7 30
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FINDAS
5
2011 6 15 23 ( ) 23A (
)[ 2017: 10]
adivashi (indigenous people)khudro nrigosthi (small ethnic groups)
[Bal and Chambugong 2014: 101]11
10
[ 2012]
20
[ 2009: 76] 201190
[ 2014: 9] 2008/09 96.9 GDP10.8 [ 2010: 4]
19821976 1985 700
8 25 85 [ 2016: 10]
11 Bangladesh Indigenous Peoples Forum Sanjeeb Drong
15
NGO ( : 2011 9 12 )
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6
12
[ 2011: 21]Menon
[Menon 2012: 175]NGO
NGO NGO
[Gulrukh 2008: 76]
[Drong (ed.) 2006]
[ 2016: 14]
12
34
12
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FINDAS
7
1.
2011 3,488 1,768
50 13 1991 1205.7
(Kalachandpur) 14 1.15 13 Bangladesh Population & Housing Census 2011
[http://203.112.218.69/binbgd/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=HPC2011_short&lang=ENG] (
: 2017 10 2 ) 14 1980
(Mirpur)
1
1
FINDAS
7
1.
2011 3,488 1,768
50 13 1991 1205.7
(Kalachandpur) 14 1.15 13 Bangladesh Population & Housing Census 2011
[http://203.112.218.69/binbgd/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=HPC2011_short&lang=ENG] (
: 2017 10 2 ) 14 1980
(Mirpur)
1
1
7
1.
2011 3,488 1,768
50 13 1991 1205.7 [PEDP II 2006]
(Kalachandpur) 14 1.15 13 Bangladesh Population & Housing Census 2011
[http://203.112.218.69/binbgd/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=HPC2011_short&lang=ENG] (
: 2017 10 2 ) 14 1980
(Mirpur)
1
1
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8
4,00015 1980
[Gulrukh 2008: 16]
1
NGO
NGO16
40
NGONGO
15 Gulrukh6,000 3,500 4,000 1,000
1,000 1,500 [Gulrukh 2008: 16] 16
100
1 : (2017 5 1 =1.4 )
1
5,000 – 8,000* 30,000 - 40,000 2 9,000
1 4,000
2,000
2
5,000 – 8,000 15,000 - 30,000 2 9,000
1 4,000
2,000
3 7,000 – 30.000** 15,000 - 50,000* 2 13,000 2,000
4 NGO 10,000-12,000 15,000 - 50,000 2 13,000 2,000
5 10,000-12,000 30,000 - 35,000 2 13,000 2,000
* 500 **
8
4,00015 1980
[Gulrukh 2008: 16]
1
NGO
NGO16
40
NGONGO
15 Gulrukh6,000 3,500 4,000 1,000
1,000 1,500 [Gulrukh 2008: 16] 16
100
1 : (2017 5 1 =1.4 )
1
5,000 – 8,000* 30,000 - 40,000 2 9,000
1 4,000
2,000
2
5,000 – 8,000 15,000 - 30,000 2 9,000
1 4,000
2,000
3 7,000 – 30.000** 15,000 - 50,000* 2 13,000 2,000
4 NGO 10,000-12,000 15,000 - 50,000 2 13,000 2,000
5 10,000-12,000 30,000 - 35,000 2 13,000 2,000
* 500 **
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FINDAS
9
? () ( )
Y50 40
36
2
( )
199717
17 2007
2
FINDAS
9
? () ( )
Y50 40
36
2
( )
199717
17 2007
2
9
? ( ) ()
50 4036
( )
199717
17 2007
2
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10
2.
[ 2002; 2003; 2005; 2010]
[Akter 2011]
2011Y Y
NGO 1980
1980 NGO
Y NGO
1987, 881990
1960 70
18
Khas land 18 1974
10
2.
[ 2002; 2003; 2005; 2010]
[Akter 2011]
2011Y Y
NGO 1980
1980 NGO
Y NGO
1987 881990
1960 70
18
Khas land 18 1974
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FINDAS
11
[Barkat 2009: 103]
1985
1987 (Land Reform Action Program)
Rahman (ed.) 2006: 150-55; Barkat 2001: 60]
40 [Barkat 2009: 104]
1980
3.
3
2,000 1099 19
95 16 22[Drong(ed.) 2006]20 240
82.1 7.566.7 18 25 [Akter,
19
Akter, Sayeda (June 20, 2008), The Business of Beauty. [The Daily Star Web Edition http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-41992] ( : 2017 10 5 ) Rahman, Md. Fazlur (October 25, 2010), Chittagong to Get Persona Makeover. [The Daily Star Web Edition http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/cache/cached-news-details-159817.html] ( : 2017 10 5 )
20 Bangladesh Indigenous Peoples Forum Sanjeeb Drong
[Drong(ed.) 2006]
FINDAS
11
[Barkat 2009: 103]
1985
1987 (Land Reform Action Program)
Rahman (ed.) 2006: 150-55; Barkat 2001: 60]
40 [Barkat 2009: 104]
1980
3.
3
2,000 1099 19
95 16 22[Drong(ed.) 2006]20 240
82.1 7.566.7 18 25 [Akter,
19
Akter, Sayeda (June 20, 2008), The Business of Beauty. [The Daily Star Web Edition http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-41992] ( : 2017 10 5 ) Rahman, Md. Fazlur (October 25, 2010), Chittagong to Get Persona Makeover. [The Daily Star Web Edition http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/cache/cached-news-details-159817.html] ( : 2017 10 5 )
20 Bangladesh Indigenous Peoples Forum Sanjeeb Drong
[Drong(ed.) 2006]
11
[Barkat 2009: 103]
1985
1987 (Land Reform Action Program)
Rahman (ed.) 2006: 150-55; Barkat 2001: 60]
40 [Barkat 2009: 104]
1980
3.
3
2,000 1099 19
95 16 22[Drong(ed.) 2006]20 240
82.1 7.566.7 18 25 [Akter, Ahmed,
19
Akter, Sayeda (June 20, 2008), The Business of Beauty. [The Daily Star Web Edition http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-41992] ( : 2017 10 5 ) Rahman, Md. Fazlur (October 25, 2010), Chittagong to Get Persona Makeover. [The Daily Star Web Edition http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/cache/cached-news-details-159817.html] ( : 2017 10 5 )
20 Bangladesh Indigenous Peoples Forum Sanjeeb Drong
[Drong(ed.) 2006]
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12
Ahmed, and Hossain 2011: 140]
2Gulrukh 5
25
A21 1965 5
22
[Gulrukh 2004: 26] Parveen
23
1965
21 5 2 3
A B 1968C
1978 D2003
2E 10
[Gulrukh 2004: 26-28] 22 1965
[Gulrukh 2004; Akter 2008; Parveen 2008; Khan and Abassum 2010; Shahbazi and Akareem 2013]
[Liang 2007; Oxfeld 2007; 2009; Bose 2013]
50[Liang 2007: 409; Bose 2013: 173] 1950
23 Gulrukh A Parveen
12
and Hossain 2011: 140]
2Gulrukh 5
25
A21 1965 5
22
[Gulrukh 2004: 26] Parveen
23
1965
21 5 2 3
A B 1968C
1978 D2003
2E 10
[Gulrukh 2004: 26-28] 22 1965
[Gulrukh 2004; Akter 2008; Parveen 2008; Khan and Abassum 2010; Shahbazi and Akareem 2013]
[Liang 2007; Oxfeld 2007; 2009; Bose 2013]
50[Liang 2007: 409; Bose 2013: 173] 1950
23 Gulrukh A Parveen
![Page 17: ¹ ñ ½repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/90202/1/ass06.pdfFINDAS Ü î ³ Ì î à î >4 3 T $× _ s \ ß b Ç g \ c c7` x Ã Ø [! #ÿ3 2 x" " / 8 u%T b e ì ò W Z 8 S G \](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3db18a4742a464361a5bd7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
FINDAS
13
24 Gulrukh Parbeen
25 Gulrukh 1980
[Gulrukh 2004: 11]
Gulrukh 1980
Gulrukh [Gulrukh 2008: 32-42]
10 3040 50
1 30[ 1997: 62-63]
Burling
24 Parveen, Shahanaz (2008, October 13), Beauties at the City's Beauty Shops: Mandi Girls are the
Workforce of the Beauty Salons. [The Daily Star Web Edition http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-58445] ( : 2017 7 30 )
25 Gulrukh AParveen
1977 [Khan and Abassum 2010: 38; Shahbazi and Akareem 2013: 20]
FINDAS
13
24 Gulrukh Parbeen
25 Gulrukh 1980
[Gulrukh 2004: 11]
Gulrukh 1980
Gulrukh [Gulrukh 2008: 32-42]
10 3040 50
1 30[ 1997: 62-63]
Burling
24 Parveen, Shahanaz (2008, October 13), Beauties at the City's Beauty Shops: Mandi Girls are the
Workforce of the Beauty Salons. [The Daily Star Web Edition http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-58445] ( : 2017 7 30 )
25 Gulrukh AParveen
1977 [Khan and Abassum 2010: 38; Shahbazi and Akareem 2013: 20]
13
24 Gulrukh Parbeen
25 Gulrukh 1980
[Gulrukh 2004: 11]
Gulrukh 1980
Gulrukh [Gulrukh 2008: 32-42]
10 3040 50
1 30[ 1997: 62-63]
Burling
24 Parveen, Shahanaz (2008, October 13), Beauties at the City's Beauty Shops: Mandi Girls are the
Workforce of the Beauty Salons. [The Daily Star Web Edition http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-58445] ( : 2017 7 30 )
25 Gulrukh AParveen
1977 [Khan and Abassum 2010: 38; Shahbazi and Akareem 2013: 20]
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14
26 (characteristic ethnic
profession) [Burling 1997: 232]27
19
4.
Y
(1) < 1>
21 9 9 4
Y ( ):
175,000 2
7,000
5
15
5005,000 8,000
1 5,000 3
26 27
[ 2006: 62]Burling
14
26 (characteristic ethnic
profession) [Burling 1997: 232]27
19
4.
Y
(1) < 1>
21 9 9 4
Y ( ):
175,000 2
7,000
5
15
5005,000 8,000
1 5,000 3
26 27
[ 2006: 62]Burling
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FINDAS
15
[Gulrukh 2008: 17, footnote 5]10 30
Y2,000
(2) < 2>
50 6 2 28
Y :
4 2 3
1971
4 5 9
43 4 Y
22
1
2
< 3>
40 10 2 19
Y : NGO 4
SSC
8009,000
FINDAS
15
[Gulrukh 2008: 17, footnote 5]10 30
Y2,000
(2) < 2>
50 6 2 28
Y :
4 2 3
1971
4 5 9
43 4 Y
22
1
2
< 3>
40 10 2 19
Y : NGO 4
SSC
8009,000
15
[Gulrukh 2008: 17, footnote 5]10 30
Y2,000
(2) < 2>
50 6 2 28
Y :
4 2 3
1971
4 5 9
43 4 Y
22
B 1
2
< 3>
40 10 2 19
Y : NGO 4
SSC
8009,000
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16
2 < 4>
52 10 30
Y : 10
( )1 10 4
7
1985
2,0002 3,000 2
6,000 25
24
28
29
9 176 7
2
1
3 62 4
2 28 2008 2011 2017 1614 2
29 1 2 12,000
16
2 < 4>
52 10 30
Y : 10
( )1 10 4
7
1985
2,0002 3,000 2
6,000 25
24
28
29
9 176 7
2
1
3 62 4
2 28 2008 2011 2017 1614 2
29 1 2 12,000
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FINDAS
17
2 34 IT
3 GulrukhBal
[Bal 2014: 24]
3 4 3
1990 Y
NGO2
2 3
(3) < 5>
27 HSC 3
Y : NGO ( )
7 4 2
HSC( )
![Page 22: ¹ ñ ½repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/90202/1/ass06.pdfFINDAS Ü î ³ Ì î à î >4 3 T $× _ s \ ß b Ç g \ c c7` x Ã Ø [! #ÿ3 2 x" " / 8 u%T b e ì ò W Z 8 S G \](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3db18a4742a464361a5bd7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
18
1 5,000 2,000
3
( GBC )GBC 30 1890
1964Junior Nursing Course
2010 238 2007Bangladesh Nursing Council 3 Diploma in
Nursing Science & Midwifery Course 2008 2015 134
[Garo Baptist Convention Christian Health Project 2015, 2016]
HSC( )31
8,000 12,000 3 4
5
2 3
1980
30 Australian Baptist Missionary Society (ABMS) Australian Baptist Ministries 31 ( 400 450)
![Page 23: ¹ ñ ½repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/90202/1/ass06.pdfFINDAS Ü î ³ Ì î à î >4 3 T $× _ s \ ß b Ç g \ c c7` x Ã Ø [! #ÿ3 2 x" " / 8 u%T b e ì ò W Z 8 S G \](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3db18a4742a464361a5bd7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
FINDAS
19
3
20 30
FINDAS
19
3
20 30
19
3
20 30
![Page 24: ¹ ñ ½repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/90202/1/ass06.pdfFINDAS Ü î ³ Ì î à î >4 3 T $× _ s \ ß b Ç g \ c c7` x Ã Ø [! #ÿ3 2 x" " / 8 u%T b e ì ò W Z 8 S G \](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3db18a4742a464361a5bd7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
20
2017 ICD news : 70 5-16
2002 ( ) 52 47-62
201218 83-99
, 2016
1970 — 11(10)30-64
2009358-382
2010 —51(11) 2-43
2014 —GSID Discussion Paper No. 198 1-49
2011 2004
45(1) 22-45 1994 ,
2 87-125 2005 2006 -
: JCAS review 7(2) 59-79 2003 1997 ( ) (
, No. 470) 45-81 , 2009. 2(1)
32-50 2009
59 75-95 Akhter, Farida, 2011, Seeds of Movements: On Women’s Issues in Bangladesh. 2nd ed. Dhaka:
Narigrantha Prabartana. Akhter, Nargis, Feroz Ahmed and Sohrab Hossain, 2011, "Socio-economic Conditions of Tribal
Female Workers of the Beauty Parlors in Bangladesh," Asian Journal of Business Management, 3(2), pp. 136-144.
Bal, Ellen, 2007, They Ask If We Eat Frogs: Garo Ethnicity in Bangladesh, Singapore: ISEAS
20
2017 ICD news : 70 5-16
2002 ( ) 52 47-62
201218 83-99
, 2016
1970 — 11(10)30-64
2009358-382
2010 —51(11) 2-43
2014 —GSID Discussion Paper No. 198 1-49 2011
200445(1) 22-45
1994 , 2 87-125
2005 2006 -
: JCAS review 7(2) 59-79 2003 1997 ( ) (
, No. 470) 45-81 , 2009. 2(1)
32-50 2009
59 75-95 Akhter, Farida, 2011, Seeds of Movements: On Women’s Issues in Bangladesh, 2nd ed., Dhaka:
Narigrantha Prabartana. Akhter, Nargis, Feroz Ahmed and Sohrab Hossain, 2011, "Socio-economic Conditions of Tribal
Female Workers of the Beauty Parlors in Bangladesh," Asian Journal of Business Management, 3(2), pp. 136-144.
Bal, Ellen, 2007, They Ask If We Eat Frogs: Garo Ethnicity in Bangladesh, Singapore: ISEAS
![Page 25: ¹ ñ ½repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/90202/1/ass06.pdfFINDAS Ü î ³ Ì î à î >4 3 T $× _ s \ ß b Ç g \ c c7` x Ã Ø [! #ÿ3 2 x" " / 8 u%T b e ì ò W Z 8 S G \](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3db18a4742a464361a5bd7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
FINDAS
21
Publishing. , 2014. “A Historian/anthropologist amongst the Garos of Bangladesh,” in Sarit K.
Chaudhuri and Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri(eds.) Fieldwork in South Asia: Memories, Moments, and Experiences, Haryana: Sage Publications India.
Bal, Ellen and Timour Claquin Chambugong, 2014, “The Borders that Divide, the Borders that Unite: (Re)interpreting Garo Processes of Identification in India and Bangladesh,” Journal of Borderlands Studies, 29(1), pp. 95-109.
Bal, Ellen, Yasuhiro Takami and Paraka Cultural Association, 1999, Manderangni jagring: Images of the Garos in Bangladesh, Dhaka: The University Press Ltd.
Baldwin, C. D., 1933, God and the Garos, [Birisiri, s.n.] Barkat, Abul, Shafique Uz Zaman and Selim Raihan, 2001, Political Economy of Khas Land
in Bangladesh, Dhaka: Association for Land Reform and Development. Barkat, Abul et al. 2009, Life and Land of Adibashis: Land Dispossession and Alienation of
Adibashis in the Plain Districts of Bangladesh, Dhaka: Pathak Shamabesh. Bastin, Reginald Walter, 1954-1955, Final Report of the Settlement Operation in Five Thanas
of the Partially Excluded Area of Mymensingh, 1938-42, Dacca: Supt., Govt. Print., East Bengal Govt. Press.
Bhattacharjee, Jayanta Bhusan, 1978, The Garos and the English, New Delhi: Radiant Publishers.
Bleie, Tone, 2005, Tribal Peoples, Nationalism and the Human Rights Challenge: the Adivasis of Bangladesh, Dhaka: University Press.
Bose, Arpita, 2013. "Kolkata's Early Chinese Community and Their Economic Contributions," South Asia Research, 33(2), pp. 163-176.
Burling, Robbin, 1997, The Strong Women of Modhupur, Dhaka: University Press. Drong, Sanjeeb (ed.), 2006, How are Mandi Women in Beauty Parlors? Dhaka: Garo
Indigenous Michik Association. ( ) Garo Baptist Convention Christian Health Project (ed.), 2015, Shalom: The GBC Christian
Health Project, Joyramkura (1964-2014). Joyramkura: Garo Baptist Convention Christian Health Project ( ). , 2016, Annual Report-2016. Joyramkura: Garo Baptist Convention Christian Health Project.
Gulrukh, Asfia, 2004, Ethnicity and Migration: The Case of Mandi Beauty Workers, Dhaka: Dept. of Women’s Studies, Univ. of Dhaka. , 2008, Ethnographing Women’s Agency: a Case Study of Gender, Kinship and Political Economy in Kalachandpur Mandi Community, Dhaka, Bangladesh. (MA thesis). Univ. of Manitoba, Dept. of Anthropology [https://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/xmlui/handle/1993/21184] ( : : 2017 2 20
) Khan, Parisa Islam and Ayesha Tabassum, 2010, "Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction
FINDAS
21
Publishing. , 2014. “A Historian/anthropologist amongst the Garos of Bangladesh,” in Sarit K.
Chaudhuri and Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri(eds.) Fieldwork in South Asia: Memories, Moments, and Experiences, Haryana: Sage Publications India.
Bal, Ellen and Timour Claquin Chambugong, 2014, “The Borders that Divide, the Borders that Unite: (Re)interpreting Garo Processes of Identification in India and Bangladesh,” Journal of Borderlands Studies, 29(1), pp. 95-109.
Bal, Ellen, Yasuhiro Takami and Paraka Cultural Association, 1999, Manderangni jagring: Images of the Garos in Bangladesh, Dhaka: The University Press Ltd.
Baldwin, C. D., 1933, God and the Garos, [Birisiri, s.n.] Barkat, Abul, Shafique Uz Zaman and Selim Raihan, 2001, Political Economy of Khas Land
in Bangladesh, Dhaka: Association for Land Reform and Development. Barkat, Abul et al. 2009, Life and Land of Adibashis: Land Dispossession and Alienation of
Adibashis in the Plain Districts of Bangladesh, Dhaka: Pathak Shamabesh. Bastin, Reginald Walter, 1954-1955, Final Report of the Settlement Operation in Five Thanas
of the Partially Excluded Area of Mymensingh, 1938-42, Dacca: Supt., Govt. Print., East Bengal Govt. Press.
Bhattacharjee, Jayanta Bhusan, 1978, The Garos and the English, New Delhi: Radiant Publishers.
Bleie, Tone, 2005, Tribal Peoples, Nationalism and the Human Rights Challenge: the Adivasis of Bangladesh, Dhaka: University Press.
Bose, Arpita, 2013. "Kolkata's Early Chinese Community and Their Economic Contributions," South Asia Research, 33(2), pp. 163-176.
Burling, Robbin, 1997, The Strong Women of Modhupur, Dhaka: University Press. Drong, Sanjeeb (ed.), 2006, How are Mandi Women in Beauty Parlors? Dhaka: Garo
Indigenous Michik Association. ( ) Garo Baptist Convention Christian Health Project (ed.), 2015, Shalom: The GBC Christian
Health Project, Joyramkura (1964-2014). Joyramkura: Garo Baptist Convention Christian Health Project ( ). , 2016, Annual Report-2016. Joyramkura: Garo Baptist Convention Christian Health Project.
Gulrukh, Asfia, 2004, Ethnicity and Migration: The Case of Mandi Beauty Workers, Dhaka: Dept. of Women’s Studies, Univ. of Dhaka. , 2008, Ethnographing Women’s Agency: a Case Study of Gender, Kinship and Political Economy in Kalachandpur Mandi Community, Dhaka, Bangladesh. (MA thesis). Univ. of Manitoba, Dept. of Anthropology [https://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/xmlui/handle/1993/21184] ( : : 2017 2 20
) Khan, Parisa Islam and Ayesha Tabassum, 2010, "Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction
21
Publishing. , 2014, “A Historian/anthropologist amongst the Garos of Bangladesh,” in Sarit K. Chaudhuri and Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri(eds.) Fieldwork in South Asia: Memories, Moments, and Experiences, Haryana: Sage Publications India.
Bal, Ellen and Timour Claquin Chambugong, 2014, “The Borders that Divide, the Borders that Unite: (Re)interpreting Garo Processes of Identification in India and Bangladesh,” Journal of Borderlands Studies, 29(1), pp. 95-109.
Bal, Ellen, Yasuhiro Takami and Paraka Cultural Association, 1999, Manderangni jagring: Images of the Garos in Bangladesh, Dhaka: The University Press Ltd.
Baldwin, C. D., 1933, God and the Garos, [Birisiri, s.n.] Barkat, Abul, Shafique Uz Zaman and Selim Raihan, 2001, Political Economy of Khas Land
in Bangladesh, Dhaka: Association for Land Reform and Development. Barkat, Abul et al. 2009, Life and Land of Adibashis: Land Dispossession and Alienation of
Adibashis in the Plain Districts of Bangladesh, Dhaka: Pathak Shamabesh. Bastin, Reginald Walter, 1954-1955, Final Report of the Settlement Operation in Five Thanas
of the Partially Excluded Area of Mymensingh, 1938-42, Dacca: Supt., Govt. Print., East Bengal Govt. Press.
Bhattacharjee, Jayanta Bhusan, 1978, The Garos and the English, New Delhi: Radiant Publishers.
Bleie, Tone, 2005, Tribal Peoples, Nationalism and the Human Rights Challenge: the Adivasis of Bangladesh, Dhaka: University Press.
Bose, Arpita, 2013, "Kolkata's Early Chinese Community and Their Economic Contributions," South Asia Research, 33(2), pp. 163-176.
Burling, Robbin, 1997, The Strong Women of Modhupur, Dhaka: University Press. Drong, Sanjeeb (ed.), 2006, How are Mandi Women in Beauty Parlors? Dhaka: Garo
Indigenous Michik Association. ( ) Garo Baptist Convention Christian Health Project (ed.), 2015, Shalom: The GBC Christian
Health Project, Joyramkura (1964-2014), Joyramkura: Garo Baptist Convention Christian Health Project ( ). , 2016, Annual Report-2016, Joyramkura: Garo Baptist Convention Christian Health Project.
Gulrukh, Asfia, 2004, Ethnicity and Migration: The Case of Mandi Beauty Workers, Dhaka: Dept. of Women’s Studies, Univ. of Dhaka. , 2008, Ethnographing Women’s Agency: A Case Study of Gender, Kinship and Political Economy in Kalachandpur Mandi Community, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Master’s thesis, Winnipeg, Manitoba: Univ. of Manitoba, Dept. of Anthropology [https://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/xmlui/handle/1993/21184] ( : 2017 2 20
) Khan, Parisa Islam and Ayesha Tabassum, 2010, "Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction
![Page 26: ¹ ñ ½repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/90202/1/ass06.pdfFINDAS Ü î ³ Ì î à î >4 3 T $× _ s \ ß b Ç g \ c c7` x Ã Ø [! #ÿ3 2 x" " / 8 u%T b e ì ò W Z 8 S G \](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3db18a4742a464361a5bd7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
22
of the Beauty-care Service Industry in Dhaka: A Study on High-end Women's Parlors," Journal of Business in Developing Nations, Vol. 12, pp. 33-58.
Liang, Jennifer, 2007, “Migration Patterns and Occupational Specialisations of Kolkata Chinese: An Insiders History,” China Report, 43(4), pp.397-410.
Maaker, Erik de and Vibha Joshi, 2007, “From the Songsarek Faith to Christianity: Conversion, Religious Identity and Ritual Efficacy,” South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 30(3), pp. 518-530.
Menon, Nivenita, 2012, Seeing Like a Feminist, Haryana: Penguin Books India. Nakane, Chie 1967, Garo and Khasi: A Comparative Study in Matrilineal Systems, Paris:
Mouton. Oxfeld, Ellen, 2007, "Still Guest People: The Reproduction of Hakka Identity," China Report,
43(4), pp.417-418. Rahman, Mizanur (ed.), 2006, The Garos: Struggling to Survive in the Valley of Death, Dhaka:
ELCOP. Shahbazi, Syeda Shaharbanu and Husain Salilul Akareem, 2013, "Identifying the Decision
Criterion for Choosing Beauty Parlor and Salon: A Marketing Communication Perspective," International Journal of Business and Management Invention. Vol. 2, Issue 10, pp. 18-26.
Second Primary Education Development Programme (PEDP II), 2006, Situational Analysis, Strategies and Action Plan for Mainstreaming Indigenous Children’s Education Outside the Chittagong Hill Tracts (unpublished document).
22
of the Beauty-care Service Industry in Dhaka: A Study on High-end Women's Parlors," Journal of Business in Developing Nations, Vol. 12, pp. 33-58.
Liang, Jennifer, 2007, “Migration Patterns and Occupational Specialisations of Kolkata Chinese: An Insiders History,” China Report, 43(4), pp.397-410.
Maaker, Erik de and Vibha Joshi, 2007, “From the Songsarek Faith to Christianity: Conversion, Religious Identity and Ritual Efficacy,” South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 30(3), pp. 518-530.
Menon, Nivenita, 2012, Seeing Like a Feminist, Haryana: Penguin Books India. Nakane, Chie, 1967, Garo and Khasi: A Comparative Study in Matrilineal Systems, Paris:
Mouton. Oxfeld, Ellen, 2007, "Still Guest People: The Reproduction of Hakka Identity," China Report,
43(4), pp.417-418. Rahman, Mizanur (ed.), 2006, The Garos: Struggling to Survive in the Valley of Death, Dhaka:
ELCOP. Shahbazi, Syeda Shaharbanu and Husain Salilul Akareem, 2013, "Identifying the Decision
Criterion for Choosing Beauty Parlor and Salon: A Marketing Communication Perspective," International Journal of Business and Management Invention. Vol. 2, Issue 10, pp. 18-26.
Second Primary Education Development Programme (PEDP II), 2006, Situational Analysis, Strategies and Action Plan for Mainstreaming Indigenous Children’s Education Outside the Chittagong Hill Tracts (unpublished document).
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