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P.702

Internet Protocol version 6

- Opportunities for Service Providers and PNOs -

- End-User Bandwidth on Demand -

Telebit Communications A/S

info@tbit.dk

March 1998

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Partner Profile

Telebit

• Europe’s only independent router manufacturer

• Design and shipment of ATM Switches and MPR Routers

• Technological leadership in the integration of routing and switching focusing on IPv6 and ATM

University of Lancaster

• IPv6 centre of expertise

• Multi-media R&D

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Partner Profile

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Partner Profile

UNI-C:

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Why IPv6 ?

IPv4 Problems:

• Lack of class B IPv4 address space => CIDR addressing

• Circa 1,800 active Autonomous Systems

• Inject nearly 43,000 Routable Prefixes

• Inadequate address aggregation

• Ballooning BGP databases, and Router memory exhaustion

• Increased forwarding table look up time

• Ubiquitous but simplistic

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Why IPv6 ?

• Expanded Routing and Addressing capabilities– Relief of address shortage– Support of more addressing hierarchy– Addition of anycast address to give multicast efficiencies

• Header length fixed to 40 bytes – 64 bits + 128 bits source & destination address– Easier to process in hardware and easier to compress.

• Improved support for Options– Use of Extension Headers and improved coding give more efficient forwarding

• Multihoming possibilities– Enables users to switch between providers (auto-readdressing)– Offers increased security and cost optimisation

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Why IPv6 ?

IPv6 Mandates Auto-Address Configuration:

• IPv4 Configuration Process : 1) IPv4 Address

2) Default Gateway

3) Subnet Mask / Prefix Number

4) Domain Name Server and Domain Name

5) Solutions => Bootstrap (Static) & DHCP (Dynamic / Server based

• IPv6 Configuration Process:1) Neighbor Discovery (stateless configuration)

2) DHCPv6 (statefull configuration)

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Why IPv6 ?

Security:

• IPv4 Security Problems:1) Denial of service attack (BGP / RIP hijacking)

2) Address spoofing

3) Use of source routing defeats address authentication

• IPv6 Security:1) Mandated at the Kernel level => IPSEC

2) Authentication Header (Default to MD5)

3) Encryption ( Default to DES-CBC)

4) Security Parameter Index (Defines non-default security association)

5) Repudiation features

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Why IPv6 ?

IPv6 QoS Advantages:

• QoS becoming an issue as real time services emerge:1) Need for lower latency and jitter, but improved tolerance to lost packets

2) Less emphasis on re-transmission of lost data

3) More emphasis on timing relationships (time-stamping)

• 20-bit Flow Label enables identification of traffic flows

• Class of Service field to manage conflicts

• RSVP used by routers to deal with requests

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Why IPv6 ?

•Tele Denmark (DK)

•DSC Communications (US/DK)

•UNI-C (DK)

•European Commission (EU)

•France Telecom (F)

•Eurescom (EU)

•Internet For Business (UK)

•Microsoft (US)

•DFN (D)

•Ellemtel (S)

•NIST (US)

•University of Lancaster

•CSELT (IT)

•FAA (US)

•ARINC (US)

•AEROTHAI (THAI)

•Nav Canada (CAN)

•Politecnico di Torino

•EENET

•LATNET

•LITNET

•ARNES

Customers and Partners:

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IPv6 - The Killer App ?

Objectives: End-User Bandwidth on Demand over multiple backbone technologies (P.702)

Partners:

Consortia of 23 European Telcos(Sponsor)

University of Lancaster(Application development)

Telebit Commications A/S(Router development)

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P.702 - Objectives

Motivators and Objectives:

• Most general voice/video/data services available with IP

• Need for user-initiated multiple service levels with QoS/CoS

• Integration of IP services with all backbone/trunking technologies

• Needed to make optimum use of network resources and facilitate growth in multimedia services.

– Doesn’t ADSL promise 6 Mbps to everyone ?

– But how will the backbone network carry traffic ?

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P.702 - How it works

The Concept:

D

Internet

ATM

Policy Flow spec

Cut-through Data

Signal decision

Signal data

Policy

ISDN

D

© Eurescom

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P.702 - How it works

ATM Switch

SerialLine

SerialLine

1xTBC2000/31xTBC1181xTBC1071xTBI104SWIP & SWATM

H1

1xTBC2000/31xTBC101SWIP

H2

H3

1xTBC2000/32xTBC1182xTBI1041xTBB102DSWIP & SWATM

Public switchedISDN network

ATM Line(155 Mbps)

IPv6 Router

DP1

IPv6 Router

DP3

IPv6 Router

DP2

ATM Line(155 Mbps)

Marlin 3030 Marlin 3030

1xTBC2000/31xTBC1181xTBC1071xTBI104SWIP & SWATM

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet Ethernet

Ethernet

DP: Decision PointH : Host (PC or Sun SPARC)

ISDN2IPv4 Router

ISDN1IPv4 Router

The Demonstrator:

© Eurescom

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P.702 - How it works

1) Customer selects video from menu, and clicks on PLAY

2) Client in host signals to the server to start video

Video Select Service Select

Video 1 Default

Video 2 Bronze

Video 3 Silver

Video 4 Gold

Video 5 Platinum

PLAY

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P.702 - How it works

3) Video server starts and assigns random IPv6 flow label. This is combined with the source address => unique Flow ID

4) Client initiates RSVP sequence signalling reqd BW to server

5) Server sends RSVP PATH_MESSAGE, signalling the BW requirement to the first Decision Point (DP1).

6) PATH_MESSAGE routed using QoS Routing Table mapping BW to port no.

7) Path through network installed.

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P.702 - How it works

QOS Routing table:

Source Prefix Dest Prefix BW Interface Next Hop

Max Min

xxxxxxx xxxxxx 64K 8K Internet ::

xxxxxxx xxxxxx 2M 64K ISDN ::

xxxxxxx xxxxxx 8M 2M ATM ::

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P.702 - How it works

8) Client then sends reservation message back through network following the initial RSVP PATH_MESSAGE

9) Remote Decision Point then sets up connection and installs reservation

10) All subsequent packets with identical Flow ID are identified and forwarded using the Reservation Table

- RSVP scaleability problems avoided by using its end-end signalling properties, rather than hop by hop reservation features

- Note: Service provision under the control of policy and subscription information held by a PNO controlled NMC.

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P.702 - How it works

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P.702 - How it works

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P.702 - Other Technologies

CISCOs tag switching /IPSILON’S IP flows:• Work at an IP level with few ATM / FR / ISDN possibilities

• Signalling not extended to the user, so no bandwidth on demand facility

• Focus on priority access to finite resource - overbooking problems not resolved

• Do not consider ITU / ATM forum standards, thus ill suited to broader telco environments

• Until MPLS is ratified by the IETF, they are proprietary solutions

• Little opportunity for system administrator to control user access

• Rely on point-point soft-state connections throughout a network, and distribution of QoS information - scalability ?

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IPv6/P.702 - Conclusion

• Could revolutionise relationship between PNO & End-User

• Requires no specific link-layer technology

• Facilitates new and differentiated services:– High bandwidth on demand with existing infrastructures

– Real time services (Voice over IP / Video)

– Multicast services

• Options for spontaneous purchase of BW

• Could easily be deployed

• Standards based implementation

• Software developed by group available for experimentation