© oxford university press 2001 ce - mountain-building processes
TRANSCRIPT
© Oxford University Press 2001
CE - Mountain-building processesCE - Mountain-building processes
© Oxford University Press 2001
S2 - The unstable earthS2 - The unstable earth
© Oxford University Press 2001
Mountain-building Vs Unstable earthMountain-building Vs Unstable earth
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The unstable earthThe unstable earthWhat makes up the earth’s crust
Where are the unstable zones on the earth?
Why does the crust move?
Volcanic eruptions
Fold mountains
Earthquakes
What are the causes of volcanic eruptions & earthquakes?
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What makes up the earth’s crust?
The earth is made up of 3 layers:
crust mantle
core The earth’s crust is made up of __________ and
__________. They form the __________ and __________ floors.
rockssoil continents
ocean
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There are 3 major zones of earthquakes and volcanic activities:
Where are the unstable zones on the earth?
Cicum-Pacific belt
Mediterranean belt
Mid-Atlantic zone
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The earth’s crust is made up of __________.
Name the plates marked 1 to 7 in the map below.
Why does the crust move?plates
Eurasian Plate
African Plate
Indo-Australian Plate
Pacific Plate
North American
Plate
South American
Plate
Antarctic Plate
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The plates are moving very slowly along _________________.
Why does the crust move?
plate boundaries
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The movement of plates is caused by the _______________ of magma in the mantle.
Why does the crust move?convection
This process is explained in the theory of _________________.plate tectonics
Convection of __________
Two plates move __________ each other
Plates move __________
magma
towards
apart
Destructive plate boundary
Constructive plate boundary
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What are the causes of volcanic eruptions?
When there is a line of __________ in the earth’s crust, magma escapes
to the surface from the mantle.
Hot __________, volcanic __________ and __________ are thrown out to the earth surface.
weakness
magmaash gases
eruption
__________ in the mantle is under great heat and high pressure.Magma
This is called volcanic __________.
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What are the causes of earthquakes?
When the plates move, __________ builds up in them.
The plates will break and __________ is released.
The earth will shake. This is called _______________.
pressure
energy
earthquake
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What are the harmful effects of earthquakes?
Big waves — __________ Buildings, bridges,
roads and railways __________
People are __________ and injured
__________
__________ may break out
Collapse of dams may cause __________
tsunamis
collapse
killed
Landslide
Fireflooding
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How to reduce the negative impact of earthquakes?
__________
Scientific methods have been developed to predict when and where hazards will occur.
Protection measures
Build earthquake-__________ buildings.
Build __________ roads and open ________.
Preparation
Carry out earthquake __________.
__________ work
Better planning for emergency work.
Prediction
Relief
proof
wider parks
drills
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What are fold mountains?
When plates move together, some rocks in between are compressed and bent. This is called __________.
The rocks may be folded up into high mountains. They are known as __________ mountains.fold
folding
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Where are the fold mountains?1. Name the fold mountains 1 to 4.
2. Fold mountains are usually found at _______________.
Alps
HimalayasRockies
Andes
plate boundaries
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How are fold mountains formed?
The weight changes them into __________.rocks
Sand and mud are left between two plates.
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How are fold mountains formed?
The rocks in between are compressed by __________ movement.
The rocks are folded up into high __________ mountains.
The fold mountain formed here is the ____________.
plate
fold
Himalayas