Ø- n{krk xfrfof/k Ø- xfrfof/k dk uke vko';d@ç;qä lkexzh

1 1 D;k gS yEck] D;k gS xksy pkWd] feêh bR;kfn

2 2 vkvks feyku djsaA cht] dadM+ vkfn

3 3,d leku oLrqvksa ds lewg

cukb,AfofHkUu vkdkj dh oLrq,¡ ¼dqN xksy] dqN yEch] pkSdksu] frdksu

oLrq,¡½

4 4 cksy HkkbZ fdrus\ ?ksjk cuok,

5 5 la[;k igpkuks] lkexzh tekvks dadM+] rhyh] cht] pkWd

6 6 ist yxkvks&fdrkc cukvks 1 ls 20 rd fy[kh nks lsV ifpZ;ka] ist

7 7 dkMZ mBkvks] uke crkvks la[;k dkMZ 1 ls 20 rd

8 8 crkvks dkSu T;knk] dkSu de fxurh pkVZ ¼1 ls 100½

9 9 [kkyh dkSu] Hkjk dkSu la[;k pkVZ ftlesa dqN [kkus [kkyh gks vkSj dqN Hkjs gksaA

10 10 dkMZ mBkvks viuh txg cukvks la[;k dkMZ 1 ls 20 rd ¼1lsV½

11 11 ekSf[kd tksM+uk ekSf[kd tksM+uk pkVZ

12 12 dadM+ Qsadks vkSj tksM+ks dadM+] pkWd] rhfy;k¡

13 13 dadM+ feykvks dadM+] ckWDl ¼dkxt dk fMCck½

14 14la[;k js[kk dh lgk;rk ls

tksM+ukpkWd] dadM+] beyh ds cht vkSj pwM+h ds VqdM+s

15 15 vkvks loky cuk,¡A CySdcksMZ vkSj pkWd16 16 gS.M fØdsV CySdcksMZ vkSj pkWd17 17 xhr xk,¡ dsys [kk,¡ vad dkMZ

18 18 fdruk cpk\ vad dkMZ] dadM+] cht

19 19 de djks 'ks"k fxuks dadM+] rhyh] cht

20 20 lkr iw¡N dk pwgk vad dkMZ] fp= dkMZ

21 21 fglkc uewuk uksV ;k flDds

22 22 vkvks cPpksa [ksysa ge 0 ls 18 rd ds la[;k dkMZ

23 23 iSVuZ igpkuksfp=ksa ds fofHkUu iSVuZ ¼if=dkvksa ds fp=] dqN oLrqvksa ds fp=

vyx&vyx vkdkj ds½

24 24 oLrq,¡ ykvks vkSj tekvksvklikl ifjos'k esa ikbZ tkus okyh fofHkUu oLrq,¡ tSls& dadM+] cht]

rhyh

25 25 vkvks iSVuZ cukvks iqjkus dSys.Mj

26 26 feêh ls vk—fr cukvks feêh ,oa ikuh

27 27 vkvks vk—fr igpkus ifjos'k esa miyC/k fofHkUu oLrq,¡

28 28 ge iwNs vki crk,¡Ldsy] pk¡nk] lsV LDok;j] xksy jkWM] ydM+h] v[+kckj] QksVks ds Ýse

vkfn

29 29 tknw dh lhadsa leku yEckbZ dh lw[kh lhadsa

30 30 ik¡lksa dk [ksy ik¡ls ¼çR;sd lewg gsrw 2½

vuqØef.kdk

çkFkfed Lrj xq.kk

?kVkuk

iSVuZ

T;kfe

fr

la[;

k ig

pku

tksM+uk

[1]

xfrfof/k;k¡ djkus ds fy, /;ku nsus ;ksX; dqN ckrsa %

cPpksa dh cSBd O;oLFkk d{kkokj ugha gksxh] csgrj gksxk ftrus f'k{kd 'kkyk esa gSa mlh

ds vuq:i cPpksa dks lkewfgd :i ls cSBk,A

xfrfof/k;k¡ fgUnh o xf.kr dh lq>k;h xbZ gS vr% ,d lewg esa ,d fo"k; rks nwljs

lewg esa nwljs fo"k; dk p;u dj xfrfof/k;k¡ djkoasA

xfrfof/k dks etsnkj cukus ds fy, bl rjg dk okrkoj.k fufeZr djsa fd cPpksa dks

vkil esas [ksyuk] ckrphr djuk] dqN etsnkj dke djuk gS] ftlesa fu;e@rjhdksa dh

Lora=rk jgsxhA

cPpksa dh LosPNk dks T;knk egRo fn;k tkosa ;fn lHkh cPps dqN fu.kZ; ysrs gSa rks mls

/;kuiwoZd lqudj ;Fkksfpr vuqefr@lgefr nh tkosxhA

xfrfof/k;ksa@[ksyksa dk ,d Øe fn;k x;k gS ;fn vki ,oa cPps pkgrs gS rks fdlh Hkh

xfrfof/k dks dHkh Hkh djk;k tk ldrk gSA

xfrfof/k;k¡ lq>kokRed gSa] bUgsa vo'; i<+sA vki pkgsa rks ;gh ;k blh izdkj dh vU;

xfrof/k;ka@[ksy djk ldrs gSaA

xfrfof/k gsrq lq>k;h xbZ lkexzh ds LFkku ij miyC/k nwljh lkexzh ls Hkh

[ksy@xfrfof/k djkbZ tk ldrh gS dsoy /;ku j[ksa fd xfrfof/k djkus dk mn~ns';

iwjk gksA vFkkZr xfrfo/kh ls lEcfU/kr yfuZax vkÅVdEl fodflr gksA

izkFkfed Lrj ds cPpksa ds jssehfM;s'ku ds fy, xf.kr esa d{kk 3 ds Lrj dh rFkk iwoZ

ek/;fed Lrj ds cPpksa ds fy, d{kk 5oha ds Lrj dh ewyHkwr n{krkvksa dh

vo/kkj.kkRed le> nsus ls lacaf/kr xfrfof/k;k¡ lq>k;h xbZ gSA

tks cPps ihNs gSa mUgsa lh[kus ds volj feysaxs tks lh[k jgs gSa og tYnh lh[ksaxs rFkk

tks lh[k pqds gSa mUgsa iqujkofRr ds volj fey jgs gksaxsA

xfrfof/k;k¡ djkrs le; gesa mu cPpksa dks viuk y{; cukuk gS tks lh[kus dh izfØ;k

esa ihNs jg x, gSa mUgsa lh[kus ds iqu% volj nsus ds fy, ;g xfrfof/k;k¡ gSaA

fdlh ,d n{krk dh le> gsrq lq>k;h xbZ ,d ls vf/kd xfrfof/k;k¡ gesa d{kk ds

cPpksa ls djkuh gS tks cPps lh[kus esa ihNs gSa mUgsa ;gh xfrfof/k;k¡ bl rjg ls djkuh

[2]

gSa ftlls mudk lh[kuk lqfuf'pr gks ldsA ¼lkexzh dk ifjfLFkfr@vko';drk

vuqlkj iz;ksx½

vis{kk gS fd ekg vizSy o twu ds dk;Z fnolksa esa lq>k;h xbZ leLr xfrfof/k;k¡@[ksy

vkids fo|ky; esa vko';d :i ls gksa] ftlls lHkh cPpksa dks izkFkfed Lrj dh

ewyHkwr n{krk, izkIr gks tkosaA tSlk fd vki Hkh tkurs gSa fd ewyHkwr n{krk dks iw.kZ

fd;s fcuk cPps vkxs vkus okyh n{krkvksa dks ugha lh[k ikrs gS vkSj blh dkj.k og

iyk;uoknh gksdj MªkWivkmV cPpksa dh Js.kh esa 'kkfey gks tkrs gSaA

cPpksa dh vko';drkuqlkj fdlh Hkh xfrfof/k ds rjhds@lkexzh vkfn es cnyko djus

dh iwjh Lora=rk gSA cl mn~ns'; ;g gS fd 'kkyk esa cPPkksa dks etk vk;sa] ets ds

lkFk&lkFk lh[kuk Hkh gks vkSj lh[kuk Hkh ,slk gks tks le> dks fodflr djsa A

iznk; dh tk jgh lkexzh ¼xfrfof/k;k¡ djkus gsrq lq>ko½ vkids fy, gS] vkidks

xfrfof/k;k¡ djus esa vklkuh gks] rFkk ml xfrfof/k ls D;k fl[kkuk gSa og vkids vius

efLr"d esa jgsA

^^vkvks ckr djsa** vkidks ;g /;ku djkus ds fy, fy[kk x;k gS fd djkbZ xbZ

xfrfof/k@[ksy djus ds i'pkr~ gekjs cPpksa dks D;k lh[k ysuk pkfg,@iqujko`fRr gks

tkuh pkfg, blds fy, vkidks dqN lq>ko Hkh fn;s x;s gSaA vFkkZr~ gekjh vo/kkj.kk

¼n{krk½ D;k gS bldh iwfrZ dSls dh tk ldrh gSA ;g dk;Z Þvkvks ckr djsaß esa

iquZoyu ds :i esa djuk gSaA

vkvks ckr djsa ;k xfrfof/k izfØ;k ds vUr esa dqN loky djus@dqN

fy[kus@vfHkO;fDr vkfn dk;Z djkus dk Hkh lq>ko fn;k x;k gSA blls cPps lacaf/kr

n{krk dks Bhd ls le> x, gS ;k n{krk iw.kZ dj yh gS bldk irk pyrk gSA blfy,

tgk¡ vki vko';d le>s ogk¡ ij cPpksa ls fyf[kr dk;Z Hkh djkus@tgk¡ fyf[kr dk;Z

ugha Hkh lq>k;k x;k gks ogk¡ Hkh vkidh vko';drk gS rks vo'; djkosaA

[3]

vkuUnnk;d lh[kuk D;ksa\ xf.kr

f'k{kd lkfFk;ksa&

ge tkurs gS fd xf.kr esa izkjaHk ls gh ge la[;kvksa ds izrhdksa ¼1]2]3--------½ dks ysdj

fxuuk] igpkuuk ,oa bu ij lafØ;kvksa dks gy djus ds fu;e cPpksa dks fl[kkrs vk;s gSaA

bu izrhdksa dh vewrZrk ds dkj.k cPps la[;k i)fr] lafØ;kvksa dks gy djus esa dqN xyfr;k¡a

djrs gSa] ftldh cM+h otg rduhdh :i ls fl[kkus dh izfØ;k ds vuqikyu ls gSA ;g

ns[kus esa vk;k gS fd bl rduhdh izfØ;k ls lh[kus esa dqN cPps vkxs vk tkrs gSa] cM+h

la[;k esa cPps ihNs ;k chp esa jg tkrs gSaA

gekjs izns'k ds dqN f'k{kdksa us blds lek/kku <wa<s+ gS mUgksaus la[;k i}fr ,oa lafØ;kvksa

dks dgus ds fy, mudk ewfrZdj.k ¼Bksl oLrqvksa ls½ fd;k gSA

xf.kr dks le>us okys tkudkj Hkh ;gh lykg nsrs gaS fd 'kq:vkrh d{kkvksa esa xf.kr

dks le>us ds fy, mls cPpksa ds vuqHko ds nk;js esa ykuk t:jh gSA

xf.kr dh izdfr esa ;g fufgr gS fd mls le>us dk ,d fuf'pr Øe gS tSls& nks

la[;kvksa dks le>s fcuk] mUgsa tksM+uk rduhdh :i ls jVk;k tk ldrk gS ij le> ds lkFk

lh[kuk ugha gksrk gSA

xf.kr dh fdlh vo/kkj.kk dks le>us dk eryc mldh igpku ;k rduhdh :i ls

gy djuk ugha gSaA tSls& dksbZ cPpk 38 dks igpku dj 38 dg nsa] bldk eryc ;g ugha

gS fd og 38 dh ek=kRed le> mls Li"V gSaA

vizSy o twu ekg esa ge le> vk/kkfjr izfØ;k ls xf.kr le>us dh dqN xfrfof/k;k¡

djkuk pkgrs gSa ftldk mn~ns'; ;g gS fd l= ds izkjaHk ls gh cPps ewyHkwr n{krkvksa ij

le> dks fodflr djus okyh xfrfof/k;ksa esa Hkkxhnkjh djsaA

xfrfof/k lEiUu djkus dh izdfr bl izdkj ls gS fd izkjaHk esa Bksl oLrqvksa ls

'kq:vkr dh tkosa] gj cPps dh lgHkkfxrk lqfuf'pr gks] izR;sd cPpk viuh le> dk

vf/kdre mi;ksx dj jgk gks] ftldh vfHkO;fDr nks rjg ls ifjyf{kr gks ,d&Hkkxhnkjh

ds :i esa] nwljk fd;s x;s dk;Z dks] mldh otg dks] vius 'kCnksa esa crk ik;sA xf.kr dk

cM+k mn~ns'; leL;kvksa dks dsoy gy djuk gh ugha] cfYd ml leL;k ds gy ij

[4]

rkfdZd :i ls lkspuk] gy djus ds vius rjhds <w¡a<uk] mUgsa vius rdZ lfgr O;Dr dj

ikuk gSA

vizSy o twu ekg esa vk;ksftr dh tkus okyh dqN ewyHkwr n{krk dh le> vk/kkfjr

xfrfof/k;k¡ lq>kokRed :i ls iznk; dh tk jgh gSaA ge tkurs gS fd bl rjg dh vusdksa

xfrfof/k;k¡ vkids ikl laxzfgr gS ;k fufeZr dh tk ldrh gS vkils vis{kk gS fd bl rjg

dh xfrfof/k;k¡ djkrs le; ;g lqfuf’pr djsa fd&

Bksl oLrqvksa dk vuqiz;ksx gksA

izR;sd cPps dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh cusA

xfrfof/k esa 'kkfey cPpksa dh jpukRedrk dks egRo fn;k tkosaA ¼izksRlkgu½

lh[kus esa ihNs jgs cPpksa dks fcuk mUgsa crk, vf/kd ls vf/kd Hkkxhnkj cuk;k tkosaA

xfrfof/k ds ckn ^^vkvks ckr djsa** ds varxZr ,slh ppkZ dh tkosa] ftlesa vo/kkj.kk dh

le> dks mHkkjus] iq"V djus essa cPps dh rkfdZd le> dk vuqiz;ksx gksA ¼T;knk ls

T;knk cPps vius vuqHko dks vfHkO;Dr djsa½

xf.kr esa xfrfof/k djus dk tks vkuan gS og xf.kr dh pqukSfr;ksa dks gy djus esa]

le>us esa] tw>us esa gS] mls cuk, j[kk tkosaA

xfrfof/k esa izfrLi/kkZ gks] pqukSrh gks] vUr esa lh[kus dk vkuan ¼miyfC/k½ gksA

[5]

xfrfof/k & 1

xfrfof/k dk uke & D;k gS yack] D;k gS xksy] tYnh cksy] tYnh cksy

iz;qDr lkexzh& pkWd] feV~Vh bR;kfn

xfrfof/k dh izfØ;k&

rS;kjh& cPpksa dks nks lewg esa ckaVsA

izfØ;k& ,d lewg] nwljs lewg ls d{kk ,oa vklikl miyC/k oLrqvksa ds uke] xhr xkrs gq,

iwNsaxsA tSls& D;k gS yack] D;k gS xksy] tYnh cksy] tYnh cksyA

nwljk lewg ftlls iwNk x;k gS og Hkh xhr xkrs gq, mRRkj nsaxsA fQj nwljk

lewg] igys lewg ls oLrqvksa ds uke xhr xkrs gq, iwNsxk tSls& D;k gS yaack] D;k gS xksy

tYnh cksy] tYnh cksyA blh izdkj ;g xfrfof/k vkxs pysxhA blh rjg cM+k] NksVk] nwj]

ikl vkfn 'kCnksa dks Hkh 'kkfey djsaA

vkvks ckr djsa&

1- cM+k] NksVk] nwj&ikl] eksVk] iryk vkfn 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, ;g xhr xkus dks

dgsaA

2- 'kkyk esa miyC/k oLrqvksa esa ls xksy] yEch] oLrq,¡ crkus dks dgsaA

3- blh izdkj nwj&ikl] eksVk&iryk] NksVk&yEck vkfn oLrqvksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ djsaA

4- yq<+duk] f[klduk oLrqvksa ds vk/kkj ij ppkZ djsaA

[6]

xfrfof/k & 2

xfrfof/k dk uke & vkvks feyku djsaA

iz;qDr lkexzh& cht@dadM+@eksrh vkfnA

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

rS;kjh& tehu@Q'kZ ij fuEufyf[kr rjhds ls dqN xksys cuk;saA

fofHkUu izdkj dh oLrq,¡ ,df=r dj j[ksaA

izfØ;k & nk;h vksj ds xksyksa esa f'k{kd vyx&vyx la[;k esa oLrqvksa dks j[ksaxsA ¼tSls fdlh

xksys esa 4] fQj 6] fQj 9 vkfn½ cPpksa dks Øe ls cqykdj ck;sa xksys esa nk;ha vksj ds xksys ls

rqyuk djrs gq, cjkcj oLrqvksa dks j[kus dks dgsaA

lHkh cPpksa ds lkFk ;g xfrfof/k ckjh&ckjh ls djkbZ tk;saA

vkvks ckr djsa& oLrqvksa ds nks lewgksa esa ,d ls ,d oLrq dk feyku djus o rqyuk djus ij

ppkZ djsaA

,d&,d laxrrk ij ppkZ djsaA

de&T;knk ij ppkZ djsaA

20 rd dh la[;kvksa esa rqyuk djokus ij ppkZ djsaA

[7]

xfrfof/k & 3

xfrfof/k dk uke& ,d leku oLrqvksa ds lewg cukb,

iz;qDr lkexzh& fofHkUu vkdkj dh oLrq,¡ ¼dqN xksy] yEch] pkSdksj] frdksu½

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

rS;kjh& cPpksa dks xksy ?ksjs esa cSBk,¡aA

xksys ds chp esa fofHkUu vkdkj ¼lkbt½ dh oLrq,¡ j[ksaaA

cPpksa dks viuh&viuh ilan dh oLrq mBkus dks dgsaA

lHkh cPpksa ds oLrq mBkus ds ckn ,d fuf’pr vkdkj dh oLrq,¡ mBkus

okys cPpksa dks ,d lewg esa cSBus dks dgsaA

¼tSls xksy ,d txg] pkSdksj ,d txg cSBk,¡½

izR;sd lewg vius oxhZdj.k dk vk/kkj D;k gS ;g crkus dks dgsaA

vkvks ckr djsa&

1- oLrqvksa esa D;k ,d tSlk fn[k jgk gS bl ij ppkZ djrs gq, oxhZdj.k dSls djrs

gSa] bl ij ppkZ djsaA

2- xksy] yEch] pkSdksj] frdksu oLrqvksa ds xq.kksa ij ppkZ djsaA

[8]

xfrfof/k & 4

xfrfof/k dk uke& Þcksy HkkbZ fdrusß

xfrfof/k dh izfØ;k&

rS;kjh& cPpksa dks nks lewgksa esa cka¡V ysa ¼la[;k T;knk gksus ij½

cPpksa dks Þcksy HkkbZ fdrusß [ksy ds ckjs esa crk,¡@le>k,¡A

?kqers gq, Þcksy HkkbZ fdrusß [ksy es [kM+s gksus ds fy, iFkd ?ksjk cuk,¡A

izfØ;k&

1- cPpksa dks xksy ?ksjs esa ?kweus ds fy, dgsaA

2- lHkh cPpksa dks ,d lkFk xkus ds fy, dgsaA f'k{kd dgsaxs ^^cksy HkkbZ fdrus** cPps

cksysaxs vki pkgs ftrus**

3- f'k{kd ,d la[;k cksysaxs 2] 3] 8] 6] 0 vkfnA

4- cPps cksyh xbZ la[;k ds cjkcj lewg esa ,d lkFk@,d= gks tkosaxsA tSls& 2&2]

3&3] 8&8] 6&6 ds :i esa vkSj crk, x, ?ksjs esa ,d= gksaxsA

5- blh izdkj gj ,d la[;k ds ckn 0 cksyk tkosaA

6- 'kwU; cksys tkus ij ?ksjs esa dksbZ Hkh cPpk ugha jgsxkA

7- bl çdkj vyx&vyx la[;kvksa ij [ksyus ds volj nsA

vkvks ckr djsa&

vyx&vyx la[;kvksa dk mi;ksx djus ds ckn gh 'kwU; dks le>kus ds fy, dqN gS ds ckn

dqN ugha gS dh le> nsosaA dqN ugha gS dks 'kwU; ^0* ls iznf'kZr djrs gq, le>kb,

[9]

xfrfof/k & 5

xfrfof/k dk uke& la[;k igpkuks lkexzh tekvks

iz;qDr lkexzh& dadM++@cht@rhyh@eksrh@pkWd vkfnA

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

rS;kjh&

d{kk d{k esa mifLFkr cPpksa ds lewg cuok,¡A

,d lewg esa 10 cPpsa gksa ldrs gSA

lewg dh la[;k ds eku ls vyx&vyx LFkku ij pkWd ls xksys bl izdkj ls

cuk,¡A

xksys vkeus&lkeus cuk,¡a] ,d rjQ ds xksys esa la[;k,¡ fy[ksaA

izfØ;k&1- cPpksa ls dqN dadM+@cht@rhyh@eksrh tks Hkh miyC/k gks ,d= djus dks dgsaA

2- ,d lewg ds cPpksa dks ,d txg ij cus ?ksjs ¼xksyks½ ds ikl [kM+k djsaA

3- vc cPpksa ls dgsa fd ?ksjs esa fy[kh la[;k ds cjkcj dadM++@cht@rhyh@eksrh lkeus

okys ?ksjs ¼xksys½ esa j[ksaA

4- ;gh dk;Z lHkh lewgksa ls djk,¡aA

5- cPpksa dks cny&cny dj fd;s x;s dk;Z dks tk¡pus dks dgsaA

6- ;gh izfØ;k xksys esa fy[kh la[;k cnydj fy[ksa rFkk izfØ;k nksgjk,¡A

vkvks ckr djsa&

la[;k ,oa ewrZ :i ls miyC/k lkexzh dks le>uk] de&T;knk] fdruk de& fdruk

T;knk ij cPpksa ds chp esa ppkZ djsaA bl ij vf/kd tksj fn;k tk, fd cPps la[;k

dks ewrZ :i ¼Bksl esa½ ls ns[kus ds mijkUr mldh le> gks ldsA

8

[10]

xfrfof/k & 6

xfrfof/k dk uke & ist yxkvks&fdrkc cukvksA

iz;qDr lkexzh& 1 ls 20 rd fy[kh nks lsV ifpZ;ka@ist@dkMZ

bl izdkj ds nks lsV rS;kj dj ysA

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

rS;kjh&

cPpksa dks nks lewgksa esa cSBk,¡ izR;sd lewg esa 10 ls vf/kd cPps u gksaA

cuk,¡ x, ist esa ls nksuksa lsV esa ls 4&5 vyx&vyx ua- ds dkMZ iFkd dj ysaA

izfØ;k&

vc nksuksa lewgksa dks 'ks"k cps ist nsosaA

izFke lewg bUgsa Øe ls yxkdj ,d lsV rS;kj djsaxsaA chp esa NwVs gq, ist dh la[;k

dh iphZ cukdj mlds lgh Øe esa yxk;saxsA

nwljk lewg bUgsa mYVs Øe esa yxkdj lsV rS;kj djsxsaaA chp esa NwVs gq, ist dh

la[;k dh iphZ cukdj mlds lgh Øe esa yxk;saxsA

nksuksa lewgksa dh ifpZ;ka lh/ks Øe@mYVs Øe esa yxkdj rS;kj djsxasA

vkvks ckr djsa&

cPpksa ls ?kVrs&c<+rs Øe esa chp esa NwVh la[;k dks igys dh] ckn dh] chp dh la[;k

ds :i esa ppkZ djsa tSls% 18 ls iwoZ dh] ckn dh] dkSu lh la[;k gskrh gS 18 fdu nks

la[;kvksa ds chp dh la[;k gSaA bR;kfn ij [kwc ppkZ djsaA

1

2

3

4

5

6 8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

7

1

2

3

4

5

6 8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

7

[11]

xfrfof/k & 7

xfrfof/k dk uke& dkMZ mBkvks] uke crkvks

iz;qDr lkexzh& 1 ls 20 rd la[;k dkMZ

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

rS;kjh&

cPpksa dks xksy ?ksjs esa cSBk,¡A

cPpksa ds chp esa la[;k dkMZ mYVs j[ksaA

dkMksZ dh la[;k cPpksa dh la[;k ls vf/kd gksA

izfØ;k&

cPpksa dks viuh&viuh ilUn dk dkMZ mBkdj viuh txg ij cSBus dks dgsaA

tc lHkh cPps dkMZ mBk ysa] rc ,d cPps ls viuk dkMZ lHkh cPpksa dks fn[kkrs gq,

ml ij fy[kh la[;k cksyus dks dgsaA

lgh la[;k cksyus ij rkyh ctok,¡A

ml cPpsa ds nk;h vksj cSBs cPps ls ml dkMZ ij fy[kh la[;k dh] vxyh la[;k

crkus dks dgsaA cka;h vkSj cSBs cPpsa ls ml dkMZ ij fy[kh la[;k ds igys dh la[;k

crkus dks dgsaA

;gh Øe ,d&,d dj lHkh cPpksa ls djk,¡A

vkvks ckr djsa&

fdlh la[;k dks igys dh ,oa ckn dh la[;k dSls irk djrs gsa\ bl ij cPpksa ls

ckrphr djsaA

fdlh la[;k dks fy[kdj mlds igys dh ,oa ckn dh la[;k fy[kus dks dgsaA

[12]

xfrfof/k & 8

xfrfof/k dk uke& crkvks dkSu T;knk] dkSu de

iz;qDr lkexzh& fxurh pkVZ ¼1 ls 100 rd½

rS;kjh&

cPpksa dks v/kZ xksykdkj ds :i esa cSBk,¡A d{kk d{k esa cPpksa ds lkeus fxurh pkVZ

VkaxsA

la[;k pkVZ cPpksa dh igq¡p esa gksA

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

nks&nks cPpksa dks ,d lkFk cqyk,¡A

cPpksa dks viuh ilUn dh la[;k ij vaxqyh j[kus dks dgsaA

lkeus cSBs cPpksa ls iwaNs fdldh la[;k] fxurh pkVZ ij igys fy[kh gS vkSj fdldh

la[;k ckn esaA

cPpksa ls iwNdj irk djsa] dkSu lh la[;k NksVh gS\ o fxurh pkVZ esa igys vk;h gSaA

;gh Øe vxys nks cPpksa dks cqykdj djk,¡A

NksVh&cM+h la[;k iwNsA

vkvks ckr djsa&

fxurh pkVZ ij tks la[;k igys vkrh gS og NksVh gksrh gS vkSj tks la[;k ckn esa vkrh

gaS og cM+h la[;k gSaA

NksVh la[;k ls] cM+h la[;k ftrus ckn esa vkrh g]S og mruh gh cM+h gksrh gS

mnkgj.k % 13 ls 16 rhu ckj vkxs pyus ij vkrh gS vr% 13 ls 16] 3 vf/kd gSA

bl ij cPpksa ls ppkZ djsaA

[13]

xfrfof/k & 9

xfrfof/k dk uke& [kkyh dkSu] Hkjk dkSuA

iz;qDr lkexzh& la[;k pkVZ ftlesa dqN [kkus [kkyh gS] dqN HkjsA

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

rS;kjh&

cPpksa dh la[;k ds vk/kkj ij mUgsaa 10&10 ds lewg esa ck¡V ysaA

fn;k x;k la[;k pkVZ cPpksa ds chp esa j[ksA

cPpksa dks xksy ?ksjs esa cSBk,¡A

izfØ;k&

la[;k pkVZ esa cus fp= dk uke cksysaxs ¼igyh ckj f'k{kd½ fQj cPpksa ls cksyus dks

dgsaxsA tSls mlus cksyk vke rks mlds Bhd igys ;k ckn esa [kkyh ckWDl esa fy[kh

la[;k dks cksyuk gSA

;g dk;Z cPpksa ds nksuksa lewgksa ls ,d lkFk djk;k tk ldsxkA ,d lewg fp= ds uke

cksysxk] nwljk lewg [kkyh ckWDl dh la[;k cksysxk] ;g [kkyh ckWDl fp= ds igys ;k

ckn esa gks ldrk gSa

;gh Øe lHkh cPpksa dks volj nsus ds fy, nksgjk,¡A

vkvks ckr djsa&

[kkyh ckWDl esa fy[kh la[;k dks igpkuuk mlls vkxs dh] igys dh la[;k ij ppkZ

djsaA

[14]

xfrfof/k & 10

xfrfof/k dk uke& dkMZ mBkvks& viuh txg cukvksA

iz;qDr lkexzh& la[;k dkMZ 1 ls 20 rd ¼,d lsV½A

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

rS;kjh&

cPpksa dks lewg esa cSBk,¡ ,d lewg esa 10 ls vf/kd cPps u gksA

cPpksa ds chp esa dkMZ j[ks ysfdu /;ku j[ksa] ,d lewg esa j[ks dkMksZa dh la[;k 10

gksxh ij chp&chp ds dkMZ ugha gksaxs] og cps 'ks"k dkMZ nwljs lewg esa gksaxsA

d{kk esa ,d ykbZu [khapdj cjkcj nwjh ij fu'kku cuk,¡A

izfØ;k&

cPpksa dks viuh&viuh ilUn dk la[;k dkMZ mBkus dk dgsaA

viuk&viuk dkMZ mBkdj viuh txg ij cSBsaA

vc cPpksa ls la[;k dkMZ ds fglkc ls cukbZ xbZZ ykbZu ij [kM+s gksus dks dgsaaA

/;ku jgs lHkh cPps 1 ls 10 rd 11 ls 20 rd Øe ls cukbZ xbZZ ykbZu ij [kM+s

gksaxsA

,d ckj c<+rs Øe rFkk ,d ckj ?kVrs Øe esa cPpksa dks [kM+s gksus dks dgsaA

vkvks ckr djsa &

la[;kvksa ds ?kVrs&c<+rs Øe ij ppkZ djsaA

[15]

xfrfof/k & 11

xfrfof/k& ekSf[kd tksM+uk

lkexzh& pkWd] ekSf[kd tksM+uk pkVZ ;fn ugha gS rks cuk,¡A

rS;kjh& CysdcksMZ ij ekSf[kd tksM+uk pkVZ cukukA

izfØ;k&

1- nks&nks cPpksa dks ckjh&ckjh ls cqyk,¡A ekSf[kd tksM+uk pkVZ ds igyh ykbZu vkM+h ,oa

[kM+h igyh ykbZu dh la[;kvksa esa ls ,d&,d la[;k pquus dks dgsaxsA

2- pquh gqbZ la[;k ij vaxqyh j[kdj vkM+h ykbZu ij vaxqyh j[ks gq, cPpk uhps dh vksj

rFkk [kM+h ykbZu esa vaxqyh j[ks gq, cPpk nkfguh vkSj viuh vaxqyh rc rd c<k;saA

tc rd nksuksa vaxqfy;ka fey u tk;saA

3- nksuksa vaxqfy;ka ftl la[;k ij feyrh gSA og nksuksa la[;kvksa dk tksM+ gksrk gSA ;gh

izfØ;k lHkh cPpksa ds lkFk vyx&vyx la[;kvksa ds fy, djkbZ tkosaA

vkvks ckr djsa&

igys cPps us 4 ij vaxqyh j[kh gS vkSj nwljs cPps us 2 ij vaxqyh j[kh gS rks

mudk ;ksxQy 6 gksrk gSA bl ij lHkh cPpksa ls ppkZ djsaxsA fofHkUu la[;kvksa dh ykbuks ls

6 tksM+ ykus ds fy;s ppkZ djok,¡A

[16]

xfrfof/k & 12

xfrfof/k dk uke& dadM++ Qsadks vkSj tksM+ks

lkexzh& dadM++] pkWd] rhfy;k¡ vkfnA

rS;kjh& tehu ij rkfydk cukdj muesa 0 ls 9 rd ds vad fy[ksaxsA

1 4 7 0 8

3 6 9 5 2 izfØ;k&

1- lHkh cPpksa dks rkfydk ds pkjksa vksj [kM+k djds ckjh&ckjh ls ,d&,d cPps dks

cqykdj mlds gkFk esa nks fxIis@dadM+ nsdj tehu ij cuh rkfydk esa Qsadus dks

dgsaxsA

2- og fxIis@dadM+ ftl vad@[kkus ij tkdj fxjsaxs mruh rhfy;k¡ cPpksa ls fxudj

mBkus dks dgsaxs@rkfydk ls ckgj fxIik@dadM+ fxjus ij iqu% pyus dks dgsaxsA

3- fQj nksuksa vadksa ds cjkcj rhfy;k¡ feykdj cPps fxudj cksysaxsA mUgsa fy[ksaxs rFkk

mudk tksM+ fy[kdj gy djsaxsA cksysaxs fd&&&& esa&&&&&& feykus ij

&&&&&&&&&&& gqbZ] mnkgj.k ds fy, 7 esa 9 feykus ij 16 gksrs gSA

vkvks ckr djsa&

1- nksuksa vadksa ds cjkcj rhfy;k¡ feykus ij fdrus gq, bl ij ppkZ djsaxsA

2- cPpksa dks Lo;a ls xfrfof/k djus dks izsfjr djsaA rhfy;ksa dks Lo;a fudkydj] feykdj

fxuus dks dgsa vkSj vk;h gqbZ la[;kvksa dks dkWih ij fy[kdj crkosaA

[17]

xfrfof/k & 13

xfrfof/k dk uke& dadM++ feykvksA

ç;qDr lkexzh& dadM++] ckWDl ¼dkxt dk fMCck½

rS;kjh& nks ckWDl ysa vkSj muesa 9&9 dadM++ j[ksaxsA

izfØ;k&

1- ckjh&ckjh ls nks&nks cPpksa dks cqyk,¡A

2- nksuksa cPpksa ls vyx&vyx ckWDl ls dqN dadM++ fudkyus dks dgsaxsA

3- ftl cPps us ftrus dadM++ fudkys gS mudks fxuus ds fy, dgsaxsA

4- nksuksa cPpksa ls dadM++ fxuokdj mls ,d txg bdðk djok;saxs vkSj mudh la[;k¡ dks

fy[kus ds fy, dgsaxsA

5- bdðs fd;s x;s dadM++ dks ,d cPPkk fxudj crk;sxk fd dqy fdrus dadM+ gq, vkSj

mUgsa tksM+ ds :i esa fy[ksaxs tSls 6 vkSj 8 ;kuh 14] ;gh izfØ;k ckj&ckj nksgjkosa]

ftlls vf/kd ls vf/kd cPps dks ekSdk fey ldsaA

vkvks ckr djsa&

1- cPpksa ls ppkZ djsa fd igys cPps ds ikl fdrus dadM++ gS vkSj nwljs cPps ds ikl

fdrus dadM++ gS vkSj nksuksa ds dadM+ bdV~Bs djus ij dqy fdrus dadM++ gks x, bls

fy[kdj gy djus dks dgsa] mldh tk¡p djsaA

2- xfrfof/k esa vk;h la[;kvksa dks fy[kok,¡ o mu la[;kvksa ls tksM+us dh lafØ;k djk;saxsA

/ku ¼$½ fpUg yxkdj tksM+ djkosaA

[18]

xfrfof/k & 14

xfrfof/k dk uke& la[;k js[kk dh lgk;rk ls tksM+ukA

ç;qDr lkexzh & pkWd ;k la[;k iV~VhA

rS;kjh& tehu ij 0 ls 9 rd ds vad fy[ksaxs ;k tehu ij la[;k iV~Vh dks fcNkdj j[k

nsaxsA

izfØ;k&

1- ckjh&ckjh ls ,d&,d cPps dks cqykdj 'kwU; ij [kM+k djsaxsA

2- 'kwU; ls viuh euilan la[;k ij dne fxurs gq, tkus dks dgsaxsA

3- cPpksa dks iwaNs fd ftl la[;k ij cPpk tkdj :dk gS mlesa fdrus tksM+s\ cPpksa ds

cksys vuqlkj ml cPps ls la[;k js[kk ij cksyh xbZ la[;k ds cjkcj ml cPps ls

la[;k js[kk ij mrus dne vkxs tkus dks dgsaxsA

4- vkxs vkSj tkus ij tks la[;k vk;sxh og mÙkj gksxkA

5- ;fn cPpk 2 ij [kM+k gS vkSj 4 tksM+uk gS blfy, 4 dne vkxs tkus dks dgsaA 2 vksj

4 dk tksM+ 6 vkrk gSA

6- blh izdkj la[;kvksa dks cny&cnydj bl [ksy dks djok,xsA tSls% 6$2¾8] 4$4¾8

vkvks ckr djsa&

1- cPpksa ls ppkZ djsa fd 2 esa 2 tksM+us ij 4 vkrk gSA

2- ftl la[;k esa tks la[;k tksM+uh gS blds fy, mrus dne vkxs pyuk iM+rk gSA

D;ksa\ ppkZ djok,¡A

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[19]

xfrfof/k & 15

xfrfof/k dk uke& vkvks loky cuk,¡A

ç;qDr lkexzh &

rS;kjh&

1- cPpksa dks 3 lewg esa ck¡V nsaA mUgsa mudh euilan dk uke ns nsosaA

2- vc cksMZ ij ,d nSfud thou dh leL;k fy[ksaA

^^eksgu ds ikl 8 vke gSA 'kchuk ds ikl 6 vke gSa crkvks nksuksa ds ikl dqy

feykdj fdrus vke gSaA**

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

cPpksa dks fy[kh xbZ leL;k dks ,d&,d okD; iFkd&iFkd i<+dj lquk,¡A

lewg ,d ls leL;k esa vk;s nksuksa uke cnydj fy[kus dks dgsa rFkk bls iwjk okD;

i<+us dks dgsaA

lewg nks ls leL;k esa vk;h vkeksa dh la[;k dks cnydj fy[kus dks dgsa o i<+ok,¡A

rhljs lewg ls vke ds LFkku ij dqN vU; lkexzh ;k Qy dk uke fy[kus dks dgsa o

i<+ok,¡A

ppkZ djsa fd ;g rks u;k loky cu x;k gSA blh izdkj u,&u, ç’u cuok,¡A

vkvks ckr djsa&

cPpksa ls vius ?kj dh dksbZ ,d leL;k ysdj loky cuok,¡A mUgsa bl izdkj dh

leL;k,sa@loky cukus dks izksRlkfgr djsaA mudh vko';drkuqlkj enn djsaA

[20]

xfrfof/k & 16

xfrfof/k dk uke& gSUM fØdsV

ç;qDr lkexzh&

rS;kjh&

[ksy ds fu;e % nl&nl cPps dk lewg cuok,¡

cPps }kjk gkFk dh ,d] nks] rhu] pkj o ik¡p maxfy;k¡ fn[kkus ij Øe'k% 1] 2] 3 4 o 5 ju feysaxsA

nksuksa cPpksa }kjk ,d leku vaxqyh fn[kkus ij cSfVax djus okyk cPpk vkmV gks tk;sxkA

nksuksa cPpksa }kjk vyx&vyx vaxqyh fn[kkus ij nksuksa cPpksa dh vaxqfy;ks dk tksM+] cSfVax djus okys cPpksa ds ju gksaxsA

izfØ;k&

cPpksa dks nks lewg esa ckaVasxs ,d lewg esa nl ls vf/kd cPps u gksA

izR;sd lewg ls ,d&,d cPps dks cqykdj VkWl djsaxs tks cPpk VkWl thrsxk og cSfVaax djsxkA

nksuksa cPps viuh&viuh vaxqyh ,d lkFk fn[kk;saxs ;fn fn[kkbZ xbZ vaxqfy;kas ,d leku gS rks cSfVax djus okyk cPpk vkÅV gks tk;sxk vkSj nwljs cPpksa dks cSfVax djus dk ekSdk feysxkA

;fn cPpksa }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ vaxqyh vyx&vyx gS rks nksuksa cPpksa dh vaxqfy;k¡ dk tksM+ cSfVax djus okys cPps ds ju gksaxsA

ftl lewg ls cPpk csfVax dj jgk gS mlds lkFkh juksa ds tksM+ dks fy[ksaxsA

ftl lewg ds ju vf/kd gksaxs og lewg fotsrk gksxkA

;gh izfØ;k ckj&ckj nksgjkosa] ftlls vf/kd ls vf/kd cPpksa dks ekSdk feysaA

vkvks ckr djsa&

xfrfof/k esa vk;h la[;kvksa dks fy[kok,¡ o tksM+us dh lafØ;k djkosaA

f'k{kd cPpksa }kjk fd;s x;s tksM+ dks tk¡psA

vko';drk gksus ij Bksl lkexzh@oLrqvksa dk Hkh mi;ksx djsaA

[21]

xfrfof/k & 17

xfrfof/k dk uke& xhr xk,a dsys [kk,a

ç;qDr lkexzh & vad dkMZ

rS;kjh& cPpksa dks vad dkMZ nsdj xksys ¼oÙk½ esa [kM+k djsaA cPpksa dks crk, fd tc dksbZ

la[;k cksyh tkosa ¼xhr esa½ rks ml la[;k dk dkMZ ftl cPps ds ikl gksxk og bls

Åij djds lcdks fn[kk,¡xkA

izfØ;k&

f’k{kd ckyxhr] gko&Hkko ds lkFk xk;sA

eksgu 15 dsys yk;k] lksgu flQZ vdsys vk;kA lksgu us tc dsys ns[ks] mlds eqag esa

ikuh vk;kA lksgu jks;k tksj&tksj ls] mB xbZ eEeh mlds 'kksj lsA cksyh lksgu ckr

crk ns] eEeh eq>dks dsys fnyk ns] eEeh cksyh eksgu dks] dsys ns ns lksgu dksA eksgu

us fQj fd;k fopkj lksgu dks nw¡ dsys pkjA la[;k dksMZ fn[kkrs gq, xhr xkus dks dgsa

tSls 15] 4 vkfn½ f'k{kd xhr iwjk gksus ds ckn cPpksaa ls iwNs dh ;fn eksgu] lksgu

dks pkj dsys ns nsrk gS rks eksgu ds ikl fdrus dsys cpsaxsA

bl izdkj eksgu ds dsyksa ,oa lksgu ds fn;s dsyksa dh la[;k cnydj iqu% xhr xkrs gq,

xfrfof/k nksgjk,¡A

vkvks ckr djsa&

eksgu fdrus dsys yk;kA dsyksa dh la[;k ds cjkcj Bksl oLrq,¡ nsdj crkus dks dgsaA

lksgu dks fdrus dsys feysaA dsyksa dh la[;k ds cjkcj oLrq,¡ ysdj djsaA

eksgu ds ikl fdrus dsys feysA

xfrfof/k esa vk;h la[;kvksa dks fy[kok,sa] ?kVkus dh lafØ;k djkosa] 'ks"k cph la[;k

fy[kasaA

[22]

xfrfof/k & 18

xfrfof/k dk uke& fdruk cpk\

ç;qDr lkexzh& vad dkMZ] dadM++ ;k cht

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

rS;kjh&

cPpksa ds lewg cuk ysaA

izfØ;k&

lewg dk ,d cPpk dqN dadM++@cht ysdj mUgsa fxudj crk,xkA nwljs lewg ds

cPps mlh la[;k dk dkMZ fudkydj tehu ij j[ksaxs tSls&

vc og cPPkk bu dadM++ks dks Åij dh vksj mNky dj ¼pisVk [ksyus tSlk½ mUgsa

okfil idM+saxsA tks gkFk esa vk;saxs mUgsa crk,saxsA nwljk lewg mudk dkMZ fudydj

fy[ksxk tSls&

nwljk lewg budks ?kVkdj 4 fy[ksxk rFkk 4 dadM++ Hkh jgsxkA ;gh Øe nksuksa lewg

4&4 ckj djsaxsA var esa ftlds dadM++ T;knk gksasxs og lewg thrk ekuk tkosxkA

bUgsa ?kVkus dh lafØ;k ds :i esa Hkh fy[kok,¡ tSls&

vkvks ckr djsa& 4

cPpksa ls ewrZ :i esa ?kVkus dh lafØ;k djkosaA fQj vad dkMZ ds ek/;e ls djkosa rFkk

vUr esa la[;k,¡ fy[kdj djkosaA

7

3

7 -3

[23]

xfrfof/k & 19

xfrfof/k dk uke& de djks] 'ks"k fxuksA

iz;qDr lkexzh& dadM+@rhyh@daps@cht@rhyh vkfnA

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

rS;kjh&

cPpksa dks lewg esa cSBk,¡] cPpksa dk la[;k ds eku ls lewg cukb;sA

cPpksa ds chp esa nks Vksdjh@Mfy;k@IysV vkfn dks j[ksaA

i;kZIr ek=k esa dadM++@cht@daps@rhyh vkfn j[ksaA

izfØ;k&

cPpksa ds chp esa cSBdj ,d Vksdjh esa 10 ls de dadM++@cht vkfn j[ksaaA

fQj Vksdjh esa ls ,d&,d dadM++@cht de djrs gq, 'ks"k cps dadM++@cht dh

la[;k iwfN;saA

,d cpus rd ;gh izfØ;k dhft;sA

fQj ,d dks mBkus ij fdrus dadM++@cht cps og iwfN;s] dqN ugha cpus@fdlh

oLrq dh vuqifLFkfr@dqN Hkh ugha gksus dks gh 'kwU; ls O;Dr djus dh ckr dhft,

crkb;s dh] dqN ugha gksus dks 'kwU; 0 ls iznf'kZr djuk gkssrk gSA

vkvks ckr djs&

Bksl oLrqvksa ds ek/;e ls dqN ugha gksus dh fLFkfr dks 'kwU; ds :i esa O;Dr

djus@le>kus gsrq vius Lrj ls Hkh xfrfof/k djkbZ tkosaA

[24]

xfrfof/k & 20

xfrfof/k dk uke& lkr iw¡N dk pwgkA

ç;qDr lkexzh& vad dkMZ] fp= dkMZA

rS;kjh& ,d fo|kFkhZ dks pwgs dk ,oa ,d fo|kFkhZ dks vad dkMZ&nsdj [kM+k djsa ,oa 'ks"k

cPpksa dks ,d lewg esa cSBk,¡A

izfØ;k&

f'k{kd] pwgk cus Nk= dks vkxs djrs gq, dgkuh lqukrs gq,] iz'u iwNsaxs& ,d lksuw uke dk

pwgk Fkk] ml pwgs ds ikl lkr jaxhu isaflysa Fkh] blfy, og cgqr brjkrk FkkA lHkh mlls

isafly ek¡xrs] ij og fdlh dks Hkh viuh isaflysa ugh nsrk FkkA ,d fnu mlds nksLr eksuw

pwgs us ,d isafly ek¡xhA igys rks lksuw pwgs us mldks euk dj fn;k ij tc eksuw pwgs dh

jksuh lwjr ns[kh rks mlus ,d iasfly mls ns nhA vc mlds ikl cph ’ks"k Ng isaflysaA vc

jkst ,d&,d dj nwljs pwgs Hkh lksuw pwgs ls isaflysa ek¡xus yxsa vkSj lksuw pwgk pkgdj Hkh euk

ugh dj ik jgk FkkA

bl izdkj lksuw pwgs dh ,d&,d isafly de djrs gq, cPpksa ls iwNsaxs fd mldss ikl fdruh

isaflysa ’ks"k cph \ ,d fo|kFkhZ vad dkMZ gkFk esa ysdj ’ks"k cps vad dks fn[k;sxkA

ladsr& mijksDr dgkuh vuqlkj f'k{kd pwgs ds LFkku ij vU; izrhd tSls& gkFkh] 'ksj vkfn

dks ysdj ubZ dgkuh cuk ldrs gSA

vkvks ckr djsa&

1- pwgs] gkFkh vkfn ds fo"k; esa ljy iz'u djsaA

2- vad dkMZ fn[kkdj ljy iz'u djsaA

[25]

xfrfof/k & 21

xfrfof/k dk uke& fglkc

ç;qDr lkexzh& uewuk uksV ;k flDds

rS;kjh& fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lewg esa foHkkftr djsaA

izfØ;k&

dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks nqdkunkj vkSj dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks xzkgd cuk;sA

xzkgd cus fo|kFkhZ dks dqN uewuk uksV nsdj nqdkunkj ds ikl HkstsA tSls xzkgd cuk

fo|kFkhZ 15 :i;s ysdj lkeku [kjhnus x;kA

nqdku ls mlus 8 :i;s dk lkeku [kjhnkA

nqdkunkj cuk Nk= mls fdrus :i;s ykSVk;sxkA

bl izdkj vU; fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkFk Hkh xfrfof/k djk;saA

vkvksa ckr djsa&

fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls iz'u ds ek/;e ls vU; xfrfof/k;k¡ djsaA

uewuk uksV fn[kkdj iwNs uksV fdrus dk gSA nwljs uksV ¼blls cM+s uksV dks fn[kk,¡½ dks

fn[kkrs gq, iwNs ;g blls fdruk T;knk cM+k gSA

cus lokyksa dks fy[kok,¡A ?kVkus dh lafØ;k djkosaA 'ks"k cph la[;k fy[kok,¡ ,oa ppkZ

djsaA

‘

[26]

xfrfof/k & 22

xfrfof/k dk uke& vkvksa cPpksa [ksysa geA

ç;qDr lkexzh& 1 ls 18 rd ds vad dkMZA

rS;kjh& lcls igys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lkFk ysdj xksyk ¼oÙk½ cuk;saA

izfØ;k&

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk xksys esa [kM+s fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks 1 ls 18 rd ds vad dkMZ nsosaA dksf'k'k

djsa fd lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ikl dkMZ gksA vc f'k{kd] fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds xksys ds chp [kM+s gksdj

xfrfof/k@[ksy 'kq: djsaA lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkFk f'k{kd Hkh xksy&xksy ?kwers gq, ^^vkvks

cPpksa [ksys** fdlds ikl fdruk T;knkA fdlds ikl fdruk de xhr cksysaxsA ?kqers gq,

fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls f'k{kd nks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ladsr dj cqyk,saxs fQj muds dkMZ fn[kkdj cPpksa

ls iwNsaxs fd fdldk vad vf/kd gS vkSj fdruk vf/kd gSA lgh mRrj vkus ij lHkh fo|kFkhZ

rkyh ctk;saxsA bl izdkj izR;sd Nk=@Nk=k ds lkFk xfrfof/k nksgjkbZ tk;saA

vkvks ckr djsa&

ekSf[kd iz'uksa ds ek/;e ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls ckr djsaA

1- fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vad dkMZ fn[kkdj fdruk gS iwNasA

2- fdldk] fdruk vf/kd gS] iwNsaA

[27]

xfrfof/k & 23

xfrfof/k dk uke& iSVuZ igpkuksA

iz;qDr lkexzh& fp=ksa ds fofHkUu iSVuZ ¼if=dkvksa ds fp=] dqN oLrqvksa dk fp= vyx&vyx

vkdkj ds½

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

rS;kjh&

cPpksa dks xksy ?ksjs esa cSBk,¡A

xksys esa fp=ksa ds fofHkUu iSVuZ j[ksaA

lHkh iSVuZ ,d nwljs ls fHkUu gksuk pkfg,

izfØ;k&

cPpksa dks nks&nks ds lewg esa cqyk, o viuh ilan dk iSVuZ mBkus dks dgsaA

cPps iSVuZ dks le>dj mls vkxs c<+k;saxs o ml iSVuZ esa fdl fu;e dk mi;ksx gqvk

gS ;g Hkh vius 'kCnksa esa crk,saxsA

ckjh&ckjh ls ;g xfrfof/k djk;saxsA

vkvks ckr djsa&

uksV o flDdksa ds iSVuZ ij Hkh ppkZ djsa] cuok;saA

izdfr esa iSVuZ dgka&dgka le> vkrk gS igpku djk;sa vkSj ppkZ djsa] tSls [ksr esa

ljlksa o pus dh Qly dh ykbZusa] Vgfu;ksa esa iRrh ds yxs jgus dk Øe] frryh ds

ia[kksa ds jax vkfnA

fp= miyC/k ugha gksus ij vki cukdj xfrfof/k djk;saA

[28]

xfrfof/k & 24

xfrfof/k dk uke& oLrq,¡ ykvks vkSj tekvksA

iz;qDr lkexzh& vkl&ikl ifjos'k esa ikbZ tkus okyh oLrq,¡ tSls&dadM++] cht] rhyh] eksrh

vkfnA

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

rS;kjh&

cPpksa dks lewg esa foHkkftr djsa izR;sd lewg esa 5 ls vf/kd cPps u gksA

cPpksa dks vius vkl&ikl ds ifjos'k ls fofHkUu oLrq,¡ <wa<dj ykus dks dgsaA

izfØ;k&

cPps vius lewg esa cSBdj muds ikl miyC/k oLrqvksa ls dksbZ ,d iSVuZ cuk;saxs

tSls ,d dadM++] nks cht] rhu rhyh] fQj ,d dadM++ blh izdkj cuok,¡A

cuk;s x;s iSVuZ dk fu;e crk;saxsA dSls iSVuZ cuk;k gS bl ij viuh ckr dgsaxsA

izR;sd lewg viuh ilan dk viuk iSVuZ cuk,¡A

vkvks ckr djsa&

,d oLrq] nks oLrq] rhu oLrq,¡] pkj oLrqvks ls cuus okys iSVuZ ij ppkZ djsaA

iSVuZ dgk¡&dgk¡ gks ldrk gS bl ij ppkZ djsa tSls diM+ks ij cus] iSVuZ vkfnA

[29]

xfrfof/k & 25

xfrfof/k dk uke& vkvks iSVuZ cukvksA

ç;qDr lkexzh& iqjkus dSys.MjA

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

rS;kjh&

cPpksa ds lewg cuk, ,d lewg esa 10 ls vf/kd cPps u gksA

iqjkus dSys.Mj dks ekgokj] vyx&vyx dj ysaA

izfØ;k&

izR;sd lewg dks ,d ekg dk dSys.Mj fn;k tk;saA

cPpksa dks ml ekg ds dSys.Mj ls la[;kvksa dk dksbZ ,d iSVuZ cukus dks dgsaA tSls%

izR;sd lkseokj dks vkus okyh rkjh[k] 'kfuokj fdu&fdu rkjh[kksa esa gS muesa D;k iSVuZ

gSaA

lewg ckjh&ckjh ls vkdj viuk cuk;k gqvk iSVuZ crk;saxs rFkk bl iSVuZ esa fdl

fu;e dk bLrseky gqvk gS ;g Hkh crk;saxsA

cPps iwjh ekg dh rkjh[kksa ls vius ilUn dk iSVuZ cuk,¡ ml ij ppkZ djsaA

vkvks ckr djsa&

la[;kvksa ds fofHkUu iSVuZ ,oa muds fu;eksa ij ppkZ djsaA

tks ekg lewg ds ikl gS mlls fiNys ekg ds eghus dk dSys.Mj cukus ij ppkZ djsaA

[30]

xfrfof/k & 26

xfrfof/k dk uke& feV~~Vh ls vkdfr cukvksA

iz;qDr lkexzh& feV~Vh] ikuhA

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

cPpksa dks feV~Vh ls fofHkUu izdkj dh vkdfr;k¡ cukus dks dgsaA tSls& xksy] frdksu]

pkSdksu vkfnA

d{kk ds lHkh cPpksa dks rhu lewg esa foHkkftr djsaA

rhuksa lewg dks Øe'k% xksy] frdksu] pkSdksu vkdkj dh vkdfr;ksa dks vyx&vyx

Nk¡Vus dks dgsaA

izR;sd lewg vius ikl Nk¡Vh xbZ vkdfr dk uke o mudh la[;k crk,¡A

vkvks ckr djsa&

ifjos'k esa miyC/k xksy] frdksu o pkSdksu oLrqvksa dh igpku djok,¡ o mu ij ppkZ

djsaA

cPpksa }kjk cukbZ xbZ vkdfr;ksa ds fdukjs ,oa dksuksa ij ppkZ djsaA

ifjos'k esa miyC/k xksy] frdksu] pkSdksu oLrqvksa dh lwph cuok;saA

[31]

xfrfof/k & 27

xfrfof/k dk uke& vkvks vkdfr igpkus

ç;qDr lkexzh& ifjos'k esa miyC/k fofHkUu oLrq,¡ A

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

rS;kjh&

d{kk d{k esa ?ku] ?kukHk] csyu] 'kadq] xksys dh vkdfr dh fofHkUu oLrq,¡ ykdj j[kukA

izfØ;k&

cPpksa ds lewg cuk,¡ izR;sd lewg esa ik¡p ls vf/kd cPps u gksA

lHkh lewg dks vyx&vyx izdkj dh vkdfr dh oLrq,¡ ifjos'k ;k vius vklikl ls

<wa<dj ykus@igpkuus dks dgsaA

tSls% ,d lewg dks ?ku vkdfr dh oLrq,¡] nwljs lewg dks ?kukHk vkdfr dh oLrq,¡

vkfnA

lHkh lewg mUgsa nh xbZ vkdfr dh oLrq,¡ yk;saxs@crk,saxs vkSj muds ckjs esa ckjh&ckjh

ls crk,saxsA

vkvks ckr djsa&

?ku] ?kukHk] csyu] 'kadq] xksyk] vkdfr;ksa ds xq.kksa ij ppkZA

[32]

xfrfof/k & 28

xfrfof/k dk uke& ge iwNs vki crk,A

iz;qDr lkexzh& f'k{kd }kjk fufeZr Vh-,y-,e- ¼iVjh] pk¡nk] lsV LDok;j] pkVZ@uD'kk xksy

jkWM ¼ydM+h ds½ dqN QksVks ds Ýse] v[kckj vkfn½

xfrfof/k izfØ;k&

rS;kjh&

cPpksa dks nks lewg esa ck¡V nsaA izR;sd lewg dk ,d uke j[ksa rFkk CySdcksMZ ij fy[k

nsaA

nksuksa lewg ds chp f'k{kd }kjk fufeZr Vh-,y-,e- j[ksaA

izfØ;k&

igyk lewg] nwljs lewg ls [kM+h js[kk ls lacaf/kr ,d mnkgj.k iwNsxk vkSj nwljk lewg

ifjos'k esa miyC/k lkexzh ¼oLrqvksa½ ;k Vh-,y-,e-ls mldk mnkgj.k crk,xkA lgh

mRrj crkus ij 2 vad ,oa xyr mRrj nsus ij dksbZ vad ugha fn;k tk,xkA f'k{kd

vadksa dks lewg ds uke ds lkeus Cysd cksMZ ij fy[ksxkA

mnkgj.k& igyk lewg] nwljs lewg ls [kM+h js[kk dk mnkgj.k iwNsxasA nwljk lewg

ifjos'k ls CysdcksMZ dh [kM+h js[kk dk mnkgj.k nsxsA nwljs lewg }kjk lgh mRrj nsus ij

f'k{kd] nwljs lewg ds uke ds le{k 2 vad vafdr djsxsA

;gh izfØ;k nwljs lewg }kjk nksgjkbZ tk,xhA

blh izdkj lewg }kjk lh/kh] vkM+h] frjNh] js[kkvksa ls lacaf/kr mnkgj.k iwNs tk;saA

var esa vadksa dk ;ksx djus ij ftl lewg ds vad vf/kd gksaxs og lewg thrsxkA

vkvks ckr djsa&

isafly@iVjh ¼Ldsy½ dh lgk;rk ls mDr js[kk,¡ cuok,¡ mldh tkap vo'; dh

tkosaA

ifjos'kh; oLrqvksa esa ifjyf{kr gksus okyh lh/kh@[kM+h@frjNh js[kkvksa ij ckrphr djsaA

[33]

xfrfof/k & 29

xfrfof/k dk uke & tknw dh lhadasA

ç;qDr lkexzh& leku yEckbZ@leku vkdkj dh lw[kh lhadsaA

xfrfof/k dh izfØ;k & f'k{kd viuh d{kk esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k ds vk/kkj ij 4 ls 5

fo|kfFkZ;ksaa ds lewg cukus dks dgsaA izR;sd lewg dks fon~;ky; ds vkl&ikl ls <sj lkjh

lw[kh lhadsa ,df=r djus dks dgsasA f'k{kd] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d fnu iwoZ Hkh vius ?kj ls lw[kh

lhadsa yksus dks dg ldrs gSA

f'k{kd ,d dgkuh lquk,& lwjt ds ikl dqN lhadsa Fkh ftUgsa mlds lkjs nksLr tknw

dh lhadsa dgrs FksA lwjt ls tc dksbZ iwNrk 5×7 fdruk gksxk\ rc lwjt QVkQV lhadsa

tekrk vkSj crk nsrk& 35 gksxkA ,sls gh fdrus lkjs loky og gy dj nsrk ysfdu og

viuk rjhdk fdlh dks ugha crk;kA mlds lkFkh mls xq.kk okyk tknwxj ekurs Fks ysfdu

mldk nksLr eksgu bl ckr dks ugha ekurk FkkA og ges'kk irk djus dh dksf'k'k djrk fd

eksgu xq.kk dSls djrk gSA

vkf[kj ,d fnu eksgu us lwjt dks xq.kk djrs ns[k fy;kA mldks lwjt dh tknwxjh

rqjUr le> vk xbZA cl fQj D;k Fkk] eksgu us lwjt ds rjhds dks lcds lkeus [kksy ds

j[k fn;kA

rqe Hkh tknw dh lhads cuk ldrs gksA dSls cukvksxs ;s vkt eSa rqEgsa crkrk gw¡A

rqEgsa 4 esa 3 dk xq.kk djuk gSA igys 4 lhdas ,d&,d vaxqy dh nwjh ij [kM+s esa tek

yksA vc 3 lhdsa Åij ,d&,d vaxqy dh nwjh ij vkM+h tek yksA ¼f'k{kd bls cksMZ ij fp=

ds }kjk iznf'kZr dj ldrs gSA½

[34]

vkM+h vkSj [kM+h lhadsa tgk¡&tgk¡ ,d nwljs dks dkVrs gS] os tksM+ gSaA vkM+h vkSj [kM+h

lhadksa ds ;s tksM+ fxu yksA fdruk vk;k\ -------------- ;gh 4×3 ds cjkcj gSA cl ;gh Øe

lwjt lcls Nqidj djrk Fkk vkSj lc mls tknwxj ekurs Fks ysfdu vc rks ge vkSj rqe ;g

tknw le> x, gSaA fdlh Hkh la[;k esa fdlh Hkh la[;k dk xq.kk dj ldrs gSaA rjhdk ogh gS

lhadksa dks vkM+k vkSj [kM+k j[kuk vkSj fxuukA

vc lHkh lewgksa eas rqe lhadksa ls xq.kk djds uhps fy[ks lokyksa ds mRrj [kkstks&

vkvks ckr djs& f'k{kd] fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls ckrphr djsa fd bl [ksy esa mUgas D;k dksbZ dfBukbZ

vkbZ gS ;fn gk¡ rks f'k{kd] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks nksckjk ;g [ksy fl[kk;saA

[35]

xfrfof/k & 30

xfrfof/k dk uke& ik¡lksa dk [ksy

ç;qDr lkexzh& ik¡ls ¼izR;sd lewg gsrq 2½

rS;kjh

f'k{kd viuh d{k esa fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k ds vk/kkj ij 4 ls 5 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lewg cukus

dks dgsaA izR;sd lewg dks nks ikls nsosa rFkk nksuksa ik¡lksa ij 1 ls 6 rd dh la[;k fy[k nsaA

izfØ;k

izR;sd fo|kfFkZ;ksa ckjh&ckjh ls nksuksa ik¡ls Qsadus gS] ik¡lksa ij tks vad vk;s mudk

vkil esa xq.kk djsa vkSj vius mRrj dks viuh dkWih esa fy[k ysaA lcdh ,d&,d ckjh gks

tk;s rks lcdh igys pØ dh la[;k,¡ ns[k ysA ftldh lcls vf/kd la[;k vk;s mls ,d

vad feysxkA ;g izfØ;k ikap ckj nksgjk,¡ ftl fo|kFkhZ ds lcls T;knk vad gksaxs og thr

x;kA

iklksa ij la[;k,¡ cny&cny ds Hkh ;g [ksy [ksyk tk ldrk gSA

vkvks ckr djsa& [ksy ds [kRe gksus ds ckn f'k{kd] fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls ckrphr djsa fd

muds lewg esa fotsrk dkSu jgk] lcls T;knk vad o lcls de vad fdls feysA iz'u djsa

fd ftls T;knk vad feys gSa mldk D;k dkj.k gSa vkSj ftls de vad feys mldk D;k

dkj.k gks ldrk gSA /;ku jgs fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mRrj [kkstus dk i;kZIr le; feys ,oa lkFk

gh ;g Hkh lqfu'fpr~ djsa fd de vad vkus okys fo|kFkhZ fujk'k u gksA