A. Matter Flowchart

Ch. 3: Matter-Properties and Changes1TermsMatter- anything that has mass and volumeAtom- smallest unit of an element that keeps the properties of elementElement- pure substance made of only one type of atomCompound- substance made of 2 or more types of atoms that are chemically bondedMolecule- type of compound in which bonds are covalent bonds

2Kinetic Molecular TheoryParticles of matter are ALWAYS in motion.The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases.Properties of Matterchemists use characteristic properties to tell substances apart and to separate themsome properties define a group of substances

4Types of PropertiesExtensive- depend on the amount of matterEx: volume, mass, amount of energy

Intensive- do not depend on the amountEx: density, boiling point, ability to conduct5Types of PropertiesPhysical- characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substanceChemical- relates to a substances ability to undergo changes that transform it into a different substanceEasiest to see when a chemical is reacting

6Soliddefinite volumedefinite shapeParticles are rigidly held in fixed positionsstrong attractive forces between atomsonly vibrate in place

7Liquiddefinite volumeindefinite shapeatoms are close together atoms can overcome attractive forces to flow

8Gasesindefinite volumeindefinite shapeatoms move very quicklyatoms are far apartpretty weak attractive forceshigh compressibility

9Changes of State

10A. Matter FlowchartMATTERCan it be physically separated?Homogeneous Mixture(solution)Heterogeneous MixtureCompoundElementMIXTUREPURE SUBSTANCEyesnoCan it be chemically decomposed?noyesIs the composition uniform?noyesColloidsSuspensionsB. Pure SubstancesElementcomposed of identical atomsEX: copper wire, aluminum foil

B. Pure SubstancesCompoundcomposed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratioproperties differ from those of individual elementsEX: table salt (NaCl)

B. Pure SubstancesLaw of Definite CompositionA given compound always contains the same, fixed ratio of elements.Law of Multiple ProportionsElements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds.B. Pure SubstancesFor example

Two different compounds, each has a definite composition.C. MixturesVariable combination of 2 or more pure substances.

HeterogeneousHomogeneousC. MixturesSolutionhomogeneousvery small particlesno Tyndall effect

Tyndall Effectparticles dont settleEX: rubbing alcohol

A. Matter FlowchartExamples:graphitepeppersugar (sucrose)paintsodaelementhetero. mixturecompoundhetero. mixturesolutionC. MixturesColloidheterogeneousmedium-sized particlesTyndall effectparticles dont settleEX: milk

C. MixturesSuspensionheterogeneouslarge particlesTyndall effectparticles settleEX: fresh-squeezed lemonade

C. MixturesExamples:mayonnaisemuddy waterfogsaltwaterItalian salad dressingcolloidsuspensioncolloidsolutionsuspension