Many Thousand of years ago there was a land bridge between Asia and North America. ◦Present Day Russia and Alaska

During the Ice Age, people were able to walk back and forth

First Peoples of America were Nomads.◦Nomads do not have a permanent place

to live.◦Moved with their food

About 7,000 years ago they learned how to farm.◦Set up a community and population

began to grow.◦The Native Americans settled in arctic

ice fields, mountains, and deserts.

With Farming◦No longer chasing food.

◦Able to specialize in a certain type of job.

Weaving, Pottery, and building.

Maya◦Central America Present Day Guatemala

◦Farmers Rotated crops not to wear out the soil.

◦Writers(advanced form) Books Records Calendar

Aztec◦South America◦Present Day Mexico◦Selected this land because of a legend Aztec say an eagle standing on a cactus

with a snake on its beak. Sign from their god Huitzilopochti

Named their new land Tenochtitlan Land of the prickly pear Cactus.

Used Natural Resources◦Reed Boats for fishing and traveling.◦Built causeways. A raised road or path to be able to travel over a body of water.

◦Built Chinampas *floating gardens* Mud piles that were rich with nutrients.

Great for farming.

Name was given to the day you were born.

Most children went to school.◦House of Tears School for Aztec Leaders.

◦Girls and Boys learned: Aztec History Religion To be Respectful and Honest.

Boys◦ Age 10 trained to be soldiers◦ Shaved their heads but a lock of hair

Couldn’t be cut until they captured a prisoner in battle

◦ Goal was to become a knight. Wore suits made of feather or animal skins

To terrify the enemy. They fought not to kill but to capture prisoners

Advice from an Aztec Book:◦Do not sleep too much, or you will

become a sleeper a dreamer.◦Speak very slowly. Do not speak fast, do

not pant or squeak or you will be called a groaner, a growler, a squeaker.

◦When you are called, do not be called twice or you will be thought lazy or rebellious.

Prisoners of War◦ Became slaves◦ Sacrificed to Aztec gods.

god Heuitzilopochtili Brought out the sun to chase away the

moon and stars. god needed energy. Received this energy from human blood. To make sure the sun came up every day

thousands of slaves and prisoners were sacrificed.

Mound Builders and Anasazis◦Southwest and Southeast Regions of the

USA Started farming and building villages

around 3000 BC.◦Mound Builders Lived near where the Ohio and

Mississippi Rivers Meet. Lived with plentiful rainfall plant and

animal life.

Build Mounds for everything

◦BurialBuried possessions with their dead.

◦Religious purposes.

Desert Dwellers◦Dry Climate preserved their artifacts.

◦Moist climates, artifacts rot or decay.

Found mostly in the “4 corners”◦Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah.

Lived in the “4 corners” 2000 years ago. Built Houses

◦ Beneath rock cliffs◦ Sides of Canyons◦ Mesas ( tall flat hills)

Farming◦ Irrigation

Brought water to dry areas.

Left their land around 900 AD◦DroughtEven irrigation couldn’t bring water

◦Enemies◦Joined other tribes.

1 2 3

0% 0%0%

1. People who lived in villages.

2. People that were human.

3. People who moved with their food.

1 2

0%0%

1. True2. False

1 2 3 4

0% 0%0%0%

1. Over population of animals.

2. Population grew.

3. People became obese.

4. Soil lost all of its nutrients.

1 2 3 4

0% 0%0%0%

1. Were advanced writers.

2. Were excellent farmers.

3. Both A and B4. Neither A and B

1 2

0%0%

1. True2. False

1 2 3 4

0% 0%0%0%

1. Their god needed energy to bring up the sun each day.

2. They must kill in battle to please their god.

3. That girls had no need for school.

4. That they should keep their prisoners in good conditions so that the enemy tribe will do the same for theirs.

1 2

0%0%

1. True2. False

Region: Northwest ◦ Lived mostly in Alaska, northernmost part of the Northwest

Climate: ◦coast, mild winters, cool summers, wet climate

Northwest coast- wet climate, helped a rich variety of plants to grow

Long House

rectangular cedar-plank houses with bark roofs.

large (up to 100 feet long) and each one housed several families from the same clan (as many as 50 people.)

Tall Logs carved with many designs.Honor families or chiefs

special events.

Food ◦ Farming was difficult.◦Natural Resourcesgathered roots and berries from the forests that lines the shore, used fish & sea animals for food.

Natural Resources:

Everyone in the tribe participated in the Salmon Run

The salmon run is the time at which salmon swim back up the rivers in which they were born to mate.

Salmon- ◦Important source of food Salmon Run- a family could catch 1,000 pounds of fish

◦ Fish could be dried or smoked, so that it could be saved through out the year.

Other Natural Resources:◦Wood, plants, & animals from the forests to make food,shelter, clothing, blankets, & boats.

Technology◦ Plenty of time do to technology there was a

plentiful supply of Natural Resources.◦ Technology is the design and use of tools,

ideas, and methods to solve problems. Large Homes, Totem poles

Due to Water Ways◦ Tribes were able to trade with other Tribes ◦ Made them very wealthy.

Beadwork Bag Beaded Band

Potlatch-◦special feasts at which the guests, not the hosts, receive gifts, family could take years to prepare for a potlatch

This occasion could be to honor a new chief or celebrate a wedding.

Potlatch:

◦Host Distributes HUNDREDS of gifts.

◦Host gets the Respect.

◦Each host tries to out do the other hosts.

U.S. govt. forced Northwest Coast people to move far from the ocean

1971- a law that gave back to the Native American in Alaska over 44 million acres of their original homelands

1 2

0%0%

1. True2. False

1 2 3 4 5 6

0% 0% 0%0%0%0%

1. Provided over 1,000 lbs of food.

2. Everyone had to participate.

3. They were able to save the Salmon through out the year.

4. Only A and B.5. All of the Above.6. None of the above.

1 2 3

0% 0%0%

1. Teepee2. Wigwam3. Longhouse

1 2 3

0% 0%0%

1. Plentiful Resources.

2. Many members of the tribe.

3. Many slaves.

1 2

0%0%

1. True2. False

Summarize the importance of the potlach on the Tlingit tribe.

Summarize: A brief explanation of what has been taught, or what you have learned.

Hopiti

◦Gentle people

◦Typically farmers

Region:◦Southwest Desert

◦Environment- land mostly made of tall mountains, deep

canyons, steep mesas

◦Mesas is an elevated area of land with a flat top

and sides that are usually steep cliffs.

Climate:

Very dry, hardly any rain

Very hot (day) Freezing (night)

Blizzards and Flooding

Food-◦Dry Farming way of growing crops in places where there is little water built dams & irrigation canals.

◦Hardy crops: corn with long roots, squash, beans, cotton.

◦Very sacred to the Hopi everyone had a job.

Natural Resources◦Not many◦Had to improvise with invention

◦Adobe Bricks Made from mud and straw

Shelter◦Pueblos-(villages) adobe(clay) apartment style homes-protection from heat and extreme cold

To keep out intruders◦1st floor of the pueblos was built with out doors or windows used ladders

Kachina ceremonies

◦ Kachinas are spirits that visit villages for half of every year.

◦ Believe they bring rain to help crops grow.

◦Show people how to live, behave, bring peace & prosperity

Ceremonies held through out the 6 months the Kachina was in the village.

Each Dancer represented a differed Kachina

Other dancers are Tcutckutu◦ They cause Mischief

Takes years to train to become a dancer.

Example of a Sun Kachina

Example of an Eagle Kachina

1 2 3 4

5%

15%

35%

45%1. They believed their god moved the sun.

2. They did Dry farming with dams and irrigation.

3. Both 1 and 2.4. Neither 1 or 2.

1 2

5%

95%1. True2. False

1 2

82%

18%

1. Yes.2. No.

Explain the challenges that the Hopi Indians would face from living on a mesa.

Region:

◦Great Plains Middle West

◦Prairie Flat or gentle rolling land covered with

grass and wildflowers.◦Black Hills◦Villages located near rivers, plenty of water for

farming

Climate:◦Summers Extremely Hot

◦Winters Extremely Cold

◦Lack of Rain made farming difficult Only farmed near rivers.

Village Living◦Lodges homes made of logs covered w/ grasses, sticks, & soil.

◦From Buffalo caughtMade Beef Jerky

Food◦Men left their villages to hunt buffalo in the summer

◦Lived in Teepees.

Teepees◦cone-shaped tents made of animals.

◦ easily folded up & moved to follow the buffalo.

Travois◦sled-like device for carrying people & belongings

Modern Made Teepee Authentic Teepee.

Utilized the Buffalo with everything that they did.

Teepee

Food

Clothing

Horses◦ 1500s, Spanish arrived, in NA w/ horses that

changed the Plains’ lives

◦ Sioux tamed wild horses that escaped from the Spanish.

◦ Buffalo took place of farming and many stopped living in Villages. Started to live and follow the buffalo.

Sioux Indian Nation

◦20,000 people

◦7 Tribes

Battles were fought to prove courage.◦Weapons Coup Stick-

French for “strike” or “hit” used in a battle Did not strike to kill.

◦Bow and Arrows◦Rifles

After the Spanish.

Boys◦ Hunted with their

fathers.◦ School◦ Chores◦ Lacross

Girls◦ School◦ Chores◦ Dolls◦ Helped mothers build

houses

Sun Dance

12 Day Summer RitualSelf-sacrifice.Bonding of the Men of the tribe.Dancing and inflicting wounds.

1 2

50%50%1. True2. False

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. Lack of rain.2. Lack of Natural

Water Resources.

3. They were in the desert.

4. Didn’t have to farm so there was no problem.

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. Bow and Arrow2. Rifle3. Coupe Stick4. Teepee

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. Basketball2. Lacrosse3. Track4. Soccer

Please explain why it was a good idea for the Sioux to live in Teepees and not in their villages.◦ Paragraph form◦ At least 4 complete sentences.

Two Main Tribes:◦Algonquian◦IroquoisBoth Very similar to each other since they are from the same region.

Region:◦ Eastern Woodlands.

◦ Present Day North East Region. Iroquois Mostly New York State.

◦ Near the top of the Appalachian Mountains.

◦ Near the Great Lakes

Climate:◦Humid◦Wet◦Cold Winters◦Cool Summers◦4 distinct seasons

Shelter: Iroquois where called

◦ Hoddenosaunee-”people of the longhouse” Longhouses

◦ long buildings made of poles covered w/ sheets of bark.

◦ Can be 200ft. long, provided a home for several families Common Cooking area Separate living areas

a long rectangular piece of tanned deerskin, cloth, or animal fur.

It is worn between the legs and tucked over a belt, so that the flaps fall down in front and behind.

Sometimes it is also called a breechclout, loincloth, skin clout, or just a flap.

Food(Natural Resources)◦ Ideal Climate for Farming

16 types of Corn 60 types of Beans

◦ Women were in charge of Farming.◦ Forest:

Animals, Syrup, nuts, roots, vegetables, oils, fruits, berries, teas, and herbs for medicine.

◦ Oceans provided plenty of Sea Food Seals, Fish, Shrimp, Scallops.

Iroquois Confederacy◦6 Nations◦Hodenosaunee Trail- a trail that ran the main villages of all 5 Iroquois peoples.

6th was further south in North Carolina. Same Political Beliefs.

◦Each nation had a Chief that made local decisions.

A union of the 5 peoples of the Iroquois: Onondaga, Mohawk,Oneida, Seneca, Cayuga

Great Laws-rules to follow, living in peace

Compromise-settling of a dispute by agreeing that each side give up something

Technology:◦Wampum (Not a Natural Resource) consisted of small, polished beads Usually made from shells & then strung

or woven together. Woven into a necklace or a belt.

◦Given as a gift on special occasions

Often made to help remember an important event.

Clan◦Group of families who share the same

ancestors Clan mother

◦ Men were the head of each clan, Women held a great deal of power in

the Iroquois world. Clan mothers and other clan women

chose the male leaders but if unhappy replaced him.

Around 1300 numbers increased, arguments arose and fighting broke out, conflicts were over hunting grounds.

According to Iroquois Legend◦ Deganawida and Hiawatha saw this was going to

happen.

*Cultural regions are seven areas where Native Americans developed different ways of living.

*Origin stories are tales that explain how Earth and its people came to be.

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. Teepee2. Wikiup3. Wigwam4. Longhouse

1 2

50%50%1. True2. False

1 2 3

33% 33%33%1. An article of

clothing that the men would wear.

2. Cloth a baby would be wrapped up in.

3. An article of clothing that women would wear.

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. Men2. Women3. Children4. Noone

Answer:◦ Explain how the tribes used Origin stories to aid in

their survival. Paragraph form At least 6 complete sentences.