磁力 magnetism
DESCRIPTION
磁力 Magnetism. 磁力最早是在磁鐵間看到!. 磁鐵有南北兩極!同極相斥,異極相吸。. 鐵屑會在磁鐵周圍形成如電力線般連續的流線。. 一群小指南針取代鐵屑. 一群小磁鐵在磁鐵周圍形成的連續流線稱為 磁力線. 可以如電力線決定電場的方式,由磁力線定義磁場: 磁力線的切線方向即磁場方向,磁力線密度即當地磁場大小。. 磁鐵的磁力線由北極發出,由南極進入磁鐵。. 地球周圍有一個磁場. S. 南北極似乎與正負電荷非常類似!. 如果我們把南北極切開,新的極會在分離處形成:. 磁力線在磁鐵內繼續延伸。而非消失於兩極。. 磁極並無法被分離形成磁荷!. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
磁力 Magnetism
![Page 2: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
磁力最早是在磁鐵間看到!
磁鐵有南北兩極!同極相斥,異極相吸。
![Page 3: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
鐵屑會在磁鐵周圍形成如電力線般連續的流線。
![Page 4: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
一群小指南針取代鐵屑
![Page 5: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
可以如電力線決定電場的方式,由磁力線定義磁場:磁力線的切線方向即磁場方向,磁力線密度即當地磁場大小。
)(rB
磁鐵的磁力線由北極發出,由南極進入磁鐵。
一群小磁鐵在磁鐵周圍形成的連續流線稱為磁力線
![Page 6: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
地球周圍有一個磁場
![Page 8: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
E
B
Q?
S
南北極似乎與正負電荷非常類似!
![Page 9: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
磁極並無法被分離形成磁荷!
如果我們把南北極切開,新的極會在分離處形成:
0AdB
連續的磁力線的數目將永遠守恆!
磁場的高斯定律
如果沒有磁荷來產生及消滅磁力線
磁力線在磁鐵內繼續延伸。而非消失於兩極。
![Page 10: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
0q
AdE
0AdB
dt
dsdE B
dt
disdB E
P
000
Maxwell Equations
![Page 11: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
磁極並無法被分離形成磁荷!
什麼東西產生磁力?
電力由電荷產生。
0AdB
![Page 12: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
閃電會使金屬磁化
電流
磁
![Page 13: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
i
![Page 14: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1820 Orsted 奧斯特
電流的磁作用
i
電流對磁極的力不是徑向!
![Page 15: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
電流的磁作用
![Page 17: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ampere 1820
緊接著奧斯特,安培在 11 September 1820 知道這個結果,一個禮拜以後就發表一篇更完整的論文,接著在短短半年間釐清了電流與磁的關係!
![Page 18: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ampere 1820
電流周圍的磁力線是環繞該電流!與電力線非常不同!
磁力:電流↔磁鐵
![Page 21: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ampere 1920
磁力:電流↔電流
磁力:電流↔磁鐵
電流的大小是可以測量的,磁力的研究開始可以量化!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=he9G1wtSV6c
![Page 22: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
長直導線電流周圍磁場大小的測量
![Page 23: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
B
v’
v
磁力是移動的電荷之間的力!
移動的電荷在周圍產生磁場,磁場對當地的移動電荷施磁力!
1820 年的磁學大革命
磁場就是會讓位於當地的運動電荷 q 得到靜磁力的空間的物理性質
![Page 25: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
電流在磁場中所受的力與電荷的速度及磁場都垂直。
移動電荷在磁場中所受的力
![Page 26: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
電流在磁場中所受的力與電荷的速度及磁場都垂直。
![Page 27: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
BvqFB
移動電荷在磁場中所受的力
力與速度及磁場皆垂直
![Page 28: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
BvqFB
sin vBqBvqFB
kBjBiBkvjvivqBvqF zyxzyxBˆˆˆˆˆˆ
kji ˆˆˆ kij ˆˆˆ
xyyxBz BvBvqF
yzzyBx BvBvqF
zxxzBy BvBvqF
![Page 29: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
一段直導線在磁場中所受之磁力
BLiBLvABvLABvqFB
BLiFB
![Page 30: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
電荷於磁場中會作圓周或螺旋運動
T
vm
r
vmqvB 2
2
qB
mT
2
qB
mvr 由半徑量動量
周期與半徑無關
![Page 32: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
電荷於電場中會偏向或偏離電場方向
![Page 33: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
若粒子初速與磁場不垂直,則作螺旋狀運動
![Page 34: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
LHC Large Hadron Collider
![Page 36: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Collider
![Page 37: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
What is the world made of?
What holds it together?
Fundamental Constituent Structure
Of the material nature
![Page 39: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
To see the details, you need to get closer.
1st reason
Why do we need high energy collider to study the fundamental structure?
![Page 40: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
To get closer, you need higher energy, faster particles.
![Page 41: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Energy can transfer into mass and generate new heavier particles.
2nd reason
![Page 42: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Accelerator
![Page 43: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
And if the protons and neutrons were a centimeter in diameter; Then the electrons and quarks would be less than the diameter of a hair; and The entire atom's diameter would be greater than the length of 30 football fields!
![Page 44: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
原子
原子核
![Page 45: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Accelerator
![Page 50: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
CMS
![Page 56: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
A lot of people are expecting (hoping for?) surprises, what surprises?
![Page 58: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Detector
![Page 59: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
極光
![Page 74: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
![Page 75: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
![Page 76: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
氧原子
氮分子
O(1S) O(3P) 波長 5577A
![Page 77: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
![Page 78: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
氮雙原子分子還可以振動!
![Page 79: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
![Page 80: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
![Page 81: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
![Page 82: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
![Page 83: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
長及高可達數千公里,厚度卻只有數百公尺!
![Page 84: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
![Page 85: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
![Page 86: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
![Page 87: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
![Page 88: 磁力 Magnetism](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061413/56815aa8550346895dc840bf/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
木星