Upload File

loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in...

  • Home
  • Documents
  • loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide
38
Ionic and Covalent Bonding

Upload: pearl-owens

Post on 16-Dec-2015

219 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

Report

Tags:

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Ionic and Covalent Bonding

Page 2: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Cation = (+) charge ion loss of valence electrons

Page 3: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Forming a Cation

Page 4: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Anion = (-) charge ion

gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Page 5: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Oxygen

Anion that gains 2 electrons

Page 6: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Anions

Page 7: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Ionic Compounds

compounds composed of cations and anions

electrically neutral

Held together by IONIC BOND› electrostatic forces

Page 8: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Sodium Chloride

Page 9: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Chemical Formula and Formula Unit

Chemical Formula › indicates the number of atoms of each

element found in each molecule of that compound

Formula Unit = lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound› Ionic compounds do not exist as individual

molecules

Page 10: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Ionic Bonding

All the electrons must be accounted for, and each atom will have a noble gas configuration (which is stable).

Ca P

Lets do an example by combining calcium and phosphorus:

Page 11: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Ionic Bonding

Ca P

Page 12: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Ionic Bonding

Ca2+ P

Page 13: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Ionic Bonding

Ca2+ P

Ca

Page 14: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Ionic Bonding

Ca2+ P 3-

Ca

Page 15: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Ionic Bonding

Ca2+ P 3-

Ca P

Page 16: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Ionic Bonding

Ca2+ P 3-

Ca2+ P

Page 17: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Ionic Bonding

Ca2+ P 3-

Ca2+ P

Ca

Page 18: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Ionic Bonding

Ca2+ P 3-

Ca2+ P

Ca

Page 19: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Ionic Bonding

Ca2+ P 3-

Ca2+P

3-

Ca2+

Page 20: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Ionic Bonding

= Ca3P2Formula Unit

the smallest representative particle

Page 21: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

ionic compounds

crystalline solids at room temperature arranged in repeating three-

dimensional patterns very stable structure high melting points

Page 22: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide
Page 23: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Conductivity

Ionic compounds conduct electric current when melted or dissolved in water

Page 24: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

“Molecule”

a neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds

there is no such thing as a molecule of sodium chloride or magnesium chloride

ionic compounds exist as collections of positively and negatively charged ions

Page 25: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

compare…

Page 26: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Melting and Boiling points

Molecular compounds have relatively lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds › gases or liquids at room temperature

Page 27: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Molecular Formula shows how many atoms of each element

a molecule contains› water molecule = two hydrogen atoms and

one oxygen atom molecular formula = H2O.

› carbon dioxide molecule = two oxygen atoms and one carbon atom molecular formula = CO2

Note:› If there is only one atom, the subscript 1 is

omitted

Page 28: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Molecular Formula

The molecular formula for ethane is C2H6

› one molecule of ethane contains two carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms

reflects the actual number of atoms in each molecule› not necessarily lowest whole-number ratios

Page 29: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Octet Rule applies to molecules

electron sharing occurs so that atoms attain the electron configurations of noble gases

likely to form covalent bonds:› atoms of the nonmetals and metalloids › Groups 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A

Page 30: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Single covalent bond Two atoms held together by sharing a

pair of electrons

Page 31: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Halogens form single covalent bonds

pair of valence electrons not shared between atoms is called an unshared pair

Page 32: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

H2O = 2 unshared pairs of valence electrons

Page 33: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

one unshared pair of electrons

Page 34: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

four single covalent bonds no unshared pairs of electrons

Page 35: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Double bonds and Triple bonds

two shared pairs of electrons = double covalent bond

sharing three pairs of electrons = triple covalent bond.

Page 36: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide
Page 37: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

polyatomic ion

tightly bound group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge and behaves as a unit

Page 38: loss of valence electrons gain of negatively charged electrons name of the anion typically ends in -ide

Polyatomic ion

The negative charge of a polyatomic ion shows the number of electrons in addition to the valence electrons of the atoms present


Namejeffersonacademychemistry.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/9/8/... · Web viewSubatomic particles are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Electrons are negatively charged subatomic

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Electrons (e - )are negatively charged particles of an atom. Protons are positively charged particles of an atom. Atoms usually

Word - chempride.weebly.comchempride.weebly.com/uploads/8/7/8/8/87880114/noteco…  · Web viewRegents Chemistry: NOTES: UNIT 6: ... Word. Definition. Anion. A negatively charged

Stoichiometry. Overview of the Atom Protons positively charged particles in the nucleus of the atom Electrons negatively charged particles found in

metals: lose valence electrons –form cation –form cation (+ ion) non-metals: gain electrons anion –form anion (- ion)

Power Supplies Chapter 6. Understanding Electricity Electricity is simply a flow of negatively charged particles, called electrons, through matter Materials

Electron Configuration Things we know… Electrons are negatively charged. Electrons are very small 1/2000 that of a proton or neutron 9.108 X 10 -28 grams

10.1.13 FORCES GOVERNING BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS. Electronic structure of atoms Negatively charged electrons revolve around positively charged nucleus. Atom

Electricity and Magnetism Atomic Review An atom consists of 3 particles: Protons-positively charged Neutrons-no charge Electrons-negatively charged

Atoms, Molecules Atoms are made of 3 parts, ELECTRONS, PROTONS and NEUTRONS – Electrons are negatively charged – Protons are positively charged – Neutrons

MetalNonmetal Ionic Bond: Metal + Nonmetal Metals: lose valence electrons –form cation –form cation (+ ion) Nonmetals: gain electrons anion –form anion

Vocabulary: 1. valence shell 2. valence electrons 3. anion 4. cation 5. isoelectric 6. Lewis structure…

I. is a force defined as the movement of negatively charged electrons

Vocabulary Atomic Structure. anion ___ are negatively charged ions - atoms that take electrons

chempride.weebly.comchempride.weebly.com/uploads/8/7/8/8/87880114/unit_4…  · Web viewWord: Definition; Anion. A negatively charged ion. Atomic Mass. ... Describe in detail Rutherford’s

Atom Molecule Compound - West Linn · 2013. 7. 16. · When an atom gains electrons it becomes more negatively charged, called an anion. When an atom loses electrons it becomes more

Chapter 4 Electrons in Atoms. Rutherford's model of the atom had one major problem: If the negatively charges electrons were moving around the positively

Dual Nature of Radiation and MatterDual Nature of Radiation and Matter Emission of electrons: We know that metals have free electrons (negatively charged particles) that are responsible

atoms that are now stable because they have gained or lost valence electrons resulting a positively or negatively charged atom

Electrons are the negatively charged part of the atom Electrons are found in orbitals around the nucleus We write the electron configuration of

Atom Basic Component of Matter. Electrons Negatively charged particles

Salinity Salt- ionic compound composed of a cation (+) and and anion (-) – Ionic bond- atoms transfer electrons to form electrostatic attraction

By katie_lee_123. What part of an atom does chemical reactions affect? Chemical reactions only interfere with the electrons, (negatively charged particles

Conductors Metals and graphite are electrical conductors. Electrons are free to move in conductors. Electrons are negatively charged. The electrons carry

How do you find the number of valence electrons in …...2014/09/05  · An anion is produced when an atom gains one or more valence electrons. • Note that the name of an anion of

Fig. 2-2. Atoms have nuclei and electrons. The nuclei contains positive charges and the electrons are negatively charged

Electron Configuration Chapter 3 Section 3.2 Things we know… Electrons are negatively charged. Electrons are very small 1/2000 that of a proton or neutron

Electricity Vocabulary Negatively charged ion – Gains electrons Positively charged ion – Loses electrons

Inorganic Nomenclature. Metals: Form positive ions. Non-metals: Form negative ions. (H is the exception). Anion: negatively charged ion (Cl -, O 2 -,

1 The nucleus contains positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons. The electron cloud is composed of negatively charged electrons. Structure

smallest basic particle is the atom › Electrons- negatively charged › Protons- positively charged in nucleus › Neutrons- uncharged in nucleus when

Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons Charges: Electrons - Negatively charged Protons - Positively charged Neutrons – Neutral (no charge)

Electricity The movement of charged particles Electrons – Negatively charged particles found in atoms Ions – atoms which have gained or lost electrons

UNIT 8, PART I - SOLUTIONS AND SOLUBILITY. KEY TERMS Anion - A negatively charged ion Aqueous Solution - A solution where water is mixed with something

Band diagram for an n‐type semiconductor with negatively ... 14 Semiconductor Devices.pdf · has been negatively charged. The free electrons near the surface ... Total current=diffusion