+ + lateral spikes = = dalkon shield incon ring
TRANSCRIPT
++ Lateral Spikes ==Dalkon Shield
Incon Ring
60%60%
A.H. Robins
A.H. Robins
306,931 pending lawsuits
4,000,000possible lawsuits
306,931 pending lawsuits
A.H. Robins
The Dalkon Shield Caseby
Ramdy ChauAnthony Chan
Sophia YungWendy TsuiClair Hsieh
Dawn Escobedo
SFU Business 303, Ethics
Spring 2011
AlternativeAlternativess
DecisionDecisionChangesChangesIssuesIssuesStakeholdeStakeholdersrs
[ˈsteɪkˌhəʊldə] (n.): a person, group, organization, or systemwho affects or can be affected by an organization's actions
Ethical issues identified in the case
Factors and changes which caused the ethical issues to occur
Possible solutions to rectify situation
Our choice of solution and justification
DecisionDecisionStakeholdeStakeholdersrs
IssuesIssues ChangesChanges AlternativeAlternativess
Owners/Shareholders
Women
Government (FDA)
Management of A.H. Robins
Physicians
Financial return Obedience to laws and
regulationsFair competition
High quality goods and services
Value
EfficiencyEffectiveness
Ensure health and safety of patientsProvide care & sound medical
advice
DecisionDecisionStakeholdeStakeholdersrs
IssuesIssues ChangesChanges AlternativeAlternativess
Population Control in Developing Countries
Too many people and not enough resources
Needs birth control which requires less effort
Reliance on women for contraceptives
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Issues of the Intrauterine Devices (IUD)
Increases risks of infection
Poor regulation by the FDA
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IssuesIssues ChangesChanges AlternativeAlternativess
Corporate Bias
False marketing
Incomplete and inaccurate studies
Mass exportation
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IssuesIssues ChangesChanges AlternativeAlternativess
False marketing
Incomplete and inaccurate studies
Conflict of Interest
Dr. Hugh Davis has a financial interest in the Dalkon Shield
A.H. Robins Company knew it was harming people with the sale of their products but
still did it because it gave them profit. At the same time, the government also knew it was wrong, but did not prevent it from
happening.
DecisionDecisionStakeholdeStakeholdersrs
IssuesIssues ChangesChanges AlternativeAlternativess
GovernanceGovernanceSocietalSocietal EnvironmenEnvironmentaltal
TechnologicTechnologicalal
Late nineteenth century America was marked by a rising professional class. Many roles that had been filled by craftsmen or women trained in traditional methods for providing goods and services were increasingly filled by members of these new experts. In particular, women came to rely, not on traditional methods for contraception, but on the new technologies and methods made available by the medical profession (Grant, 9-10).
SocietalSocietal
There were negative side effects from oral contraceptives back then. (birth-control pills) Women had the desire to seek out better contraceptives that seemed to have no side effects and be effective as well.
TechnologicTechnologicalal
EnvironmenEnvironmentaltal
At this time, there were over 70 IUDs on the market. Davis wrote a book and several articles promoting his device over the others. IUDs were increasingly popular among physicians, because they were not associated with the demonstrated adverse effects of the Pill and had a high "use-effectiveness" ratio (Grant, pp. 44-46).
GovernanceGovernance
The study was performed with 640 women subjects and, on average, these women participated in the study for 5.5 months. There was a 60 percent discontinuation rate, and these data were not included in Davis' final assessment. Davis instructed participants to use sperimcidal foam for added protection against pregnancy; however, this was not disclosed in his published documents (Perry and Dawson, 33).
In 1976, a new Medical Devices amendment to the Food and Drugs Act required that companies demonstrate the safety of IUDs before they could be put on the market (Mintz, pp. 114-115).
DecisionDecisionStakeholdeStakeholdersrs
IssuesIssues ChangesChanges AlternativeAlternativess
June 1970December
1970Mid 1972
3Chances
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IssuesIssues ChangesChanges AlternativeAlternativess
June 1970
A. H. Robins contemplating the purchase of the Dalkon Shield
Delay the purchase of the Dalkon Shield
Purchase Dalkon Shield, wait for accurate results and implement changes
Purchase the Dalkon Shield and immediately sell it
More time for conclusive reports, divert funds to other operations
Risk losing the opportunity to purchase Dalkon Shield
Results in a good product - improve brand recognition
Time consumption, increased costs
Reduce costs
Potential risk for consumers
DecisionDecisionStakeholdeStakeholdersrs
IssuesIssues ChangesChanges AlternativeAlternativess
December 1970
Dr. Hugh Davis and his conflict of interest with A. H. Robins
Hire another investigator other than Davis
Remove Davis’ share within the company
Let Davis contribute
No conflict of interest
Increased cost, Davis will not contribute
No conflict of interest
Davis will not be motivated for development of the product
The most knowledgable person will be contributing
Conflict of interest
DecisionDecisionStakeholdeStakeholdersrs
IssuesIssues ChangesChanges AlternativeAlternativess
Mid 1972Sales decline of the Dalkon Shield within the US
Reevaluate their product
Ignore the issues in the Dalkon Shield, sell internationally
Maintain brand image
Increased time consumption and costs
Increase short-term sales
Spreads the problem internationally
DecisionDecisionStakeholdeStakeholdersrs
IssuesIssues ChangesChanges AlternativeAlternativess
Deontology:
Dalkon Shield had problems itselfComplete current studies and implement changes before placing it
onto the market
Long-term profits and increase brand image
Plausiblean approach to ethics that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to a rule or rules.
ThankYou
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