Journal: Define totalitarianism and describe

how WWI lead to such radical changes in Russia.

Today’s question: What were the characteristics of a Fascist state? How and why did Italy become the first Fascist state?

April 9, 2012

Unit 7: The Rise of Radical

Governments after WWI

Big Idea: Radical change often occurs during times of economic, social and political turmoil.

Essential Question: Why did radical new governments come to power in Europe after WWI, and what were

the effects on the citizens of these countries?

What countries would you consider to be

“losers” of WWI? Would any country on the Allied side fit this description?

Quick question….

Countries with new, radical governments (1917-1939)

Russia (Communism)

Germany (Fascism)

Italy (Fascism)

Russia moves towards Communism…..

Socialism

• Economic theory that begins to gain acceptance during Industrial Revolution

• Focus on the good of society as a whole. Believed capitalism only served few & created gap between rich and poor

• Means of production shared by all people• $, factories, resources, land

• Equal distribution of wealth, profit was not primary objective

• Set the stage for Communism of the 20th Century.

Karl Marx

• 1818: Born in Trier, Prussia (Now Germany)• Attended Berlin University, introduced to writings of

G.W.F. Hegel and group of his followers• Theory of evolving process of history

• 1842-45: Bounces around Europe• Becomes editor of Liberal Newspapers & Journals- Get him

in trouble with authorities• Introduced to socialists, begins attending meetings• Sees working-class struggles and poverty• Meets Friedrich Engels, son of a wealthy factory owner

The Communist Manifesto

• 1848: Marx & Engels publish The Communist Manifesto• Communism: A form of socialism that sees class struggle

between employers and employees as unavoidable • Goal: Take away the power to buy the labor of others by

having collective ownership over means of production

Marx’s Theory on Human History

• All history is the history of class struggles• Economic conditions are what drives change & moves

history forward (Materialist)• Each period of history is divided by constantly clashing

economic/social classes• Ruling class (Haves) vs. Ruled class (Have-nots)• Ruling: Own means of production & make $ from labor of

others• Ruled: Exploited by ruling class for economic gain

Marx’s 5 Periods of Human History

• Communism would end of the cycle of human history.

• 1.Pre-history; People shared things• 2.Ancient society; distinct class appear, Slave vs. Owner• 3.Feudal Society; Lords vs. Serfs• 4.Bourgeois (Capitalist) Society; • Bourgeoisie (capitalists) vs. Proletariat (workers)

• 5. Communist Society (Marx’s final stage);• No social/economic classes• End of history, full development of human existence

How does Marx see Communism taking over ?

• Violent revolution inevitable -- Workers have nothing to lose

• Must occur first in fully-industrialized country• “Dictatorship of Proletariat” = Period where people are

educated to work cooperatively• Eventually government disappears.

So, why did it happen in Russia?

Lenin & New Russian Flag

Russian Civil War

Lenin’s Russia

• 1922: Communist’s produce Constitution• Mix democracy with socialism• Means of production go to workers & peasants

• United most of old Russian Empire• U.S.S.R aka Soviet Union• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics• Used army & secret police as enforcement

Map of U.S.S.R

Lenin’s Death: 1924 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEASIT9oOWM

Trotsky vs. Stalin

• 1924: Lenin dies of stroke*• Trotsky vs. Stalin• Joseph Stalin “Man of Steel”: Ex-Convict & Bolshevik

Secretary• Leon Trotsky: Leader of Bolshevik Army (Red) in Civil

War• Supported worldwide revolution• 1929: Fled Russia 1940: Murdered in Mexico

Totalitarian Governments; 1. Single-party dictatorship 2. State control of economy 3.Use of constant fear/terror (Police spies, concentration

camps….) 4. Strict censorship and government control of media 5. Use of schools & media to indoctrinate citizens 6. Unquestioning obedience to a single leader

Nationalism: A strong sense of pride in one’s country/nation*. People who share a common history, culture

Totalitarianism

Governments in WWII

Allies United States

(Democracy)

France (Democracy)

Great Britain (Democracy)

Soviet Union (Communist-Totalitarian)

Axis Powers Germany (Fascist-

Totalitarian)

Italy (Fascist-Totalitarian)

Japan (Ultra-nationalist Democracy)

In order to get a better idea of what Fascism

actually was, we will start by looking at Italy, where the term originated.

Take about 15 minutes to read section 30-3 and complete the handout.

Work by yourself or with a partner

Today’s activity

Go back to your journal and answer

yesterday’s questions: What were the characteristics of a Fascist state? How and why did Italy become the first Fascist state?

Or, if you prefer: Knock Knock Who’s there? Mussolini How and why did he get there? Hahahaha

April 10, 2012

Today’s question: How did Hitler rise to power

in Germany? Why were people originally willing to support him?

Today we will: Analyze the problems faced by the Weimar

Republic (Germany) Explain the conditions in Germany that allowed

for the rise of Hitler.

Today’s lesson

1919: Joined small extremist Nazi party&

quickly becomes leader Organized fighting squads: “Storm Troopers” Attempted “Beer Hall Putsch” – sent to jail &

wrote Mein Kampf Extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism & anti-

Communist Germany must expand under a great leader

(Fuhrer)

Adolf Hitler

War guilt clause hurt nationalism

$$$Heavy reparations economic disaster Couldn’t pay France occupy coal-rich Ruhr

Valley Workers strike Government prints $$ INFLATION!!!

Treaty of Versailles

Weimar Republic- Parliament lead by

Chancellor- Many small parties in Parliament

including Communist and Nazi Blamed for signing Versailles Treaty German Jews as scapegoats for hard times Political leaders feared Communism- Hitler

was alternative

Weak Government

1929: Global Economic Collapse

Revived memories

Unemployment Nazi membership growth

Remembered Hitler’s promise: end reparations, create jobs, re-arm Germany

People willing to give up personal freedoms for stability

1924: 3% 1932: 33%- controlled parliament

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQwH2tpuCxc

Great Depression

A: Megan, Peter, Jin, Lauren, Sara B: Nicole C, Kyon, Grace, Amanda, Chris C: Tyler, Sarah K, Mike, Nicole S, Sean D: Kurt, Patrycja, Heather, Noah, Neha E: Josh, Evan, Nicole L, Ashley, Dmitriy

Use what you learned yesterday to answer the essential question; How did Hitler rise to power in Germany? Why were people originally willing to support him?

Groups & Journal

Today’s essential question; How did Hitler

maintain power & support in Germany while leading the country into WWII?

April 11, 2012

Today, you will be working together to analyze the

policies of the German government (Third Reich) that helped Hitler to maintain power after 1933.

First, work in your reading groups to determine the key ideas from your text & how this policy helped Hitler maintain his power.

Next, we will mix members from each group. Each of you will be responsible for teaching the members of your new group about your information.

In the end, everyone should have a similar-looking organizer to help them answer today’s essential question.

Today’s Activity

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cSheuzEij8

Triumph of the Will

Use what you’ve learned over the last two

lessons to answer the essential question.

How did Hitler maintain power & support in Germany while leading the country into WWII?

List the Nazi policies we’ve discussed and provide an explanation for how each contributed to Hitler’s power in Germany.

April 13, 2012

Once you’ve finished your quiz, take one of

the two assignments.

1. Read primary source quotes and answer questions.

2. Read the article and create a timeline detailing the actions taken by Italy and Germany in the 1930’s and the international reactions to what they were doing.

Activity

April 23, 2012: Use your homework to explain the meaning of this political

cartoon drawn by Dr. Seuss (Yes, I am aware that this is not a question).

Giving in to the demands of an

aggressor in order to keep the peace.

Pacifism: Opposition to all war.

Appeasement

Japanese ultra-nationalists seek empire 1931: Invade Manchuria (China), withdraw from

League of Nations 1937: Japanese conquer areas of Eastern China

1935: Italy invades Ethiopia- Addis Ababa King Haile Selassie appeals to L.O.N, ineffective

1935-1939: Germany violates Treaty of Versailles Re-arm, Conquest Rhineland, Sudetenland (area

of Czechoslovakia), Czechoslovakia Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

Axis Powers Look to Expand

German Expansion

Read your article, and note the main points on

your graphic organizer

Once everyone in your group has finished, teach one another about your topic and complete the rest of the organizer.

Group Activity

Yesterday’s essential question: How did

Hitler implement his radical ideas of race/anti-Semitism into German society leading into WW2?

Today’s essential question: Summarize the international scene leading into Hitler’s invasion of Poland

April 24, 2012

Anschluss: Union of Germany and Austria in 1938

Czechoslovakia 1 of 2 Democracies in Eastern Europe France & GB unwilling to risk war

Sept. 1938; Munich Conference- “Peace for our time” declared by British Prime Minister Chamberlain

August 1939; Nazi-Soviet Pact Stalin promised parts of Poland

Important Events Leading to WW2

Important although Spanish did not fight in WW2

Popular Front vs. National Front Popular- Communists, socialists, republicans National- Nationalists etc.

Popular: Protected by Socialist/Communist countries USSR/Stalin

National: Lead by general Francisco Franco Helped by Germany & Italy

Spanish Civil War

Today’s essential question: Summarize WWII

before U.S. entry. (Once again, not a question)

April 26, 2012

Sept. 1, 1939

Germany from West, Soviet Union from East

Blitzkrieg: “Lightning War” Nazi bombing plan

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIsQBgvcaeA

Hitler Invades Poland

Air Power More effective bombs, submarines etc. Radar- Detect airplanes Sonar- Detect Subs Medical advances to treat wounds

New Technology

April, 1940: Hitler launches Blitzkrieg, takesNorway & Denmark

June 22, 1940: France surrenders (EARLY) Germany & Italy surround Paris Force French to sign surrender in same railroad

car as Germany signed WWI Armistice (Revenge, anyone?)

France split; Germany occupies North, puppet govt. in South (Vichy-capital)

1941: Greece & Yugoslavia taken Bulgaria & Hungary join Axis Alliance.

Early Axis Victories (1940-41)

Operation Barbarossa- Hitler’s plan to conquer

Soviet Union Stalin unprepared- Great Purge wiped out

officers Russian soldiers destroyed own factories &

burned crops while retreating “General Winter”- German forces unprepared

for Russian winter, many freeze to death British Prime Minister Winston Churchill agrees

to help defend Russia

Hitler slips up…

Do now: Yesterday’s essential statement:

Summarize WWII before U.S. entry in 25 words or less.

Today’s essential question: What were U.S.-Japan relations like before Pearl Harbor? What were the goals of the two countries?

April 27, 2012

President Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) Originally declared neutrality- Public Support Early 1941: Congress passes Lend-Lease Act

Lend materials to Allies August 1941: Atlantic Charter

FDR & Churchill (British Prime Minister) Set final goals for Post-War World “Permanent system of general security”

The U.S. 1939-41

Four Policemen Idea

Overall goal: To create Asian Empire

1930’s: Begins campaign to conquer China

Emperor Hirohito

Economically dependent- Few natural resources Wanted European areas of Asia China & French Indochina (Now Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)

1940: U.S. stops supplying materials Negotiations fail http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=it3nIEcpClw

Japan 1931-41

December 7, 1941 Japanese destroy U.S. ships, grounded planes

& kill 2,400 President FDR-“A date which will live in

infamy” U.S. declares war on Japan, Germany & Italy

declare war on U.S. Early months: Japanese gain Euro/American

possessions in Asia “Co-Prosperity Sphere”

Pearl Harbor

Allied economies directed toward war effort Factories ordered to make war materials Goods rationed Ended depression era Women played big role

Took men’s jobs in factories & offices Served in armed forces: Driving

ambulances/trucks, decoding messages, fighting in resistance efforts

Total War

Stalin, FDR, Winston Churchill Strategy: Finish war in Europe before paying

attention to Asia

The Big Three

Nov.1942: El Alamein, Egypt North AfricaItaly

1943: Mussolini overthrown New government signs armistice, loyalists still fight

Aug.1942 - Jan. 1943: Stalingrad, Soviet Union Germans lose 300,000 Soviets go on offensive

June 6, 1944: D-Day Allied forces invade Normandy, France France freed from German occupation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPU4p7UQOtU

1942-44: Major turning points toward Allied Victory

Major Allied Victories 1942-1944

Jan. 1945: Battle of the Bulge

Last Axis “Victory”

Mussolini executed

Hitler commits suicide

May 8, 1945: V-E Day

The End in Europe

Lead by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur Island Hopping: Allied strategy of capturing

Japanese islands on route to Japan Midway, Iwo Jima

Kamikaze: Japanese pilots who undertook suicide missions

War in the Pacific

In U.S. & Canada, citizens of Japanese descent

seen as security risks Similar situation with Germans in England lost civil rights, jobs, and property Many forced into internment camps

Reparations paid in 1980’s http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BJjo0BCbGo

Japanese Internment