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سيستم شبكه هاي كامپيوتري صفحه

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سیستم های شبکه هاي کامپيوتري www.ibp.ir iranian bioinformatics portal از سري کتب الکترونيکي رايگان فصل سي و هشتم
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سيستم شبكه هاي كامپيوتري صفحه

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Babak
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30

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Attempting to login during an unauthorized time period . The supervisor has limits the time that you can login to this server. Access to server denied. You are attached to server SINASOFT.

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Babak
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32

L>J AN *!%:

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INTRUDER DETECTION / LOCKOUT

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فصل پنجم

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$#S)Trustee Assignment(

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Babak
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35

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./" 2T B"9 J "& ," $ 6AR J ,.! J " v $ ,."v &8 %*

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Babak
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S(Search) J " 8 9 &8 )%6"/ . ` ,/5(

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Babak
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BINDFIX $ Z "/ 1( & " Bindary $% %6"/ ( 1 2* NET$BIND.SYS 1

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پرتال بيوانفورماتيک ايرانيان تهيه کننده :بابک باباعباسي www.ibp.ir mail:[email protected]