Type 1 & Type 2 DiabetesPowerPoint by : Taylor Williams

Agenda Introduction What is Diabetes? Diabetes

› How Diabetes Starts – Background Information Symptoms The Problem

› The Problem – How To Identify The Solution

› The Solution - Is There a Cure?› Insulin Pumps – What They Do

Why is it important ? Next Steps Certain Ethnic Groups At Higher Risk Bibliography

Introduction

What is Diabetes?

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Diabetes

There are four types of Diabetes. Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Gestational diabetes Other types of diabetes result from specific

genetic conditions (such as maturity – onset diabetes of youth), surgery, medications, infections, pancreatic disease, and other illnesses. Such types of diabetes account for 1% to %5 of all diagnosed cases.

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How Diabetes Starts – Background InformationType 1 Diabetes:

In Type 1 diabetes, the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas have been destroyed. It’s the body own immune system responsible. The system fights infections with cells called T cells. And then there is a foreign cell called the B cells. The B cells mistakenly produces a strain of antibodies, called auto antibodies. When that happens, the T cells attack those cells, having been alerted that they are invading the body. Thus the beta cells in the pancreas are destroyed, and that process causes Type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 Diabetes:

Overweight people who are inactive tend to have cells that are far less responsive to insulin than the cells of thin people. When glucose is locked out of the cell because of faulty insulin receptors, the result is the same as if there is no insulin. The blood sugar level rises, and the body reacts to the loss of energy reaching its cells in a number of ways. (Not all overweight people have faulty insulin receptors). Overweight people who don’t have diabetes produce enough insulin to aid in the digestion of the food they eat. In fact, overweight tend to produce more insulin because of their increased food intake. Sources???????????

Type 1 (IDDM) Type 2 (NIDDM)

Age at onset Usually under 40 Usually over 40

Body weight Thin Usually overweight

Symptoms Appear suddenly Appear slowly

Insulin produced None Too little, or it isn’t ineffective

Insulin required Must take insulin May require insulin

Other names Juvenile diabetes Adult onset diabetes

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Symptoms

Type 1 diabetes: Excessive thirst Excessive urination Hunger Fatigue Dry skin Slow healing of cuts Blurry eyesight Weight loss Skin infections Numbness Tingling in feet

Type 2 diabetes: Mild fatigue Increase in thirst Increase in

urination

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The Problem

The Problem – How To Identify

If a person is experiencing any symptoms, a doctor might suspect diabetes, and to be sure, will have the person take diabetes test. One test people most likely take as a back-up test is a simple urine test. However doctors know that the urine test can be imprecise for a couple of reasons:1. One’s blood sugar would have to be very high,

for sugar to spill over into the urine; someone could have easily have an abnormally high blood sugar level without any telltale sugar in the urine.

False positives: Some people’s kidneys can tolerate very little sugar in their blood. As the their kidneys filter their blood, they may remove sugar even though their blood level isn’t abnormally high.Blood tests: Us doctors find blood tests more reliable. The normal amount of glucose in the bloodstream can range from 60 to 140 milligrams per deciliter , right after a meal. To find out of the glucose in blood, a doctor might use a random plasma glucose test.

A Random Plasma Glucose Test:Sample of blood is drawn from a vein in the arm, and the glucose level is measured in the plasma, or liquid part of blood. As a test result of 200 mg/dL or more indicates diabetes, especially if other symptoms are occurring.

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The Solutions

Solution would be to portion the condiments at the schools. So that the children can’t put a whole lot of something on their lunches. Which that would actually save the school money, because by the kids using all the condiments in one month causes the school to spend extra money to get more condiments. Promoting that it’s okay to use up all the condiments on one meal. By portioning, it’ll save money and will keep the school meals healthy.

The Solutions – Is There a Cure?

There isn’t exactly a cure for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. But the main goal in treating the diabetes is to keep the sugar level to normal and keep it that way.Type 1: To take several insulin shots everyday or wear a insulin pump. Monitor your blood levels several times a day, using a home blood sugar meter. Eating a healthy diet spreads carbohydrates throughout the body, to prevent high blood levels.Type 2: Eating healthy, there is a dietician on the diabetic health care team that helps make decisions about what an how much the patient eats. Essentially managing the diabetes.

Insulin Pumps – What They Do

What Is It? A insulin pump is an insulin delivery system that releases insulin into the tissues of the body by tubing and a needle. The pumps replace the periodic shots, and delivers rapid-acting insulin throughout the day.

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Why is it important?

It’s very important, because many children’s lives have been affected by diabetes. And still are. If we keep school meals healthy and portioned, and keep children on healthy diets…diabetes could be avoided.

Next Steps

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Certain Ethnic Groups at Higher Risk

Genetics takes part in causing Type 1 diabetes. Researchers haven’t discovered a gene that causes the disease, but they found errors in several genes that might’ve lead to it. Like Type 1 diabetes, certain ethnics/racial groups tend to have a higher incidence of Type 2 diabetes. Blacks are more than 45 percent more likely to develop the disease than white

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http://diabetes.webmd.com/tc/type-1-diabetes-treatment-overview

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/sections/diabetes/

http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/medication/insulin/insulin-pumps.html